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Xiao Y, Wang Q, Zhang H, Nederlof R, Bakker D, Siadari BA, Wesselink MW, Preckel B, Weber NC, Hollmann MW, Schomakers BV, van Weeghel M, Zuurbier CJ. Insulin and glycolysis dependency of cardioprotection by nicotinamide riboside. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:403-418. [PMID: 38528175 PMCID: PMC11142987 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels contribute to various pathologies such as ageing, diabetes, heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Nicotinamide riboside (NR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic NAD+ precursor due to efficient NAD+ elevation and was recently shown to be the only agent able to reduce cardiac IRI in models employing clinically relevant anesthesia. However, through which metabolic pathway(s) NR mediates IRI protection remains unknown. Furthermore, the influence of insulin, a known modulator of cardioprotective efficacy, on the protective effects of NR has not been investigated. Here, we used the isolated mouse heart allowing cardiac metabolic control to investigate: (1) whether NR can protect the isolated heart against IRI, (2) the metabolic pathways underlying NR-mediated protection, and (3) whether insulin abrogates NR protection. NR protection against cardiac IRI and effects on metabolic pathways employing metabolomics for determination of changes in metabolic intermediates, and 13C-glucose fluxomics for determination of metabolic pathway activities (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and mitochondrial/tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) activities), were examined in isolated C57BL/6N mouse hearts perfused with either (a) glucose + fatty acids (FA) ("mild glycolysis group"), (b) lactate + pyruvate + FA ("no glycolysis group"), or (c) glucose + FA + insulin ("high glycolysis group"). NR increased cardiac NAD+ in all three metabolic groups. In glucose + FA perfused hearts, NR reduced IR injury, increased glycolytic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), TCA intermediate succinate and PPP intermediates ribose-5P (R5P) / sedoheptulose-7P (S7P), and was associated with activated glycolysis, without changes in TCA cycle or PPP activities. In the "no glycolysis" hearts, NR protection was lost, whereas NR still increased S7P. In the insulin hearts, glycolysis was largely accelerated, and NR protection abrogated. NR still increased PPP intermediates, with now high 13C-labeling of S7P, but NR was unable to increase metabolic pathway activities, including glycolysis. Protection by NR against IRI is only present in hearts with low glycolysis, and is associated with activation of glycolysis. When activation of glycolysis was prevented, through either examining "no glycolysis" hearts or "high glycolysis" hearts, NR protection was abolished. The data suggest that NR's acute cardioprotective effects are mediated through glycolysis activation and are lost in the presence of insulin because of already elevated glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiao
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Wang
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Zhang
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Nederlof
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Medizinische fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich- Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Bakker
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B A Siadari
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W Wesselink
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Preckel
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N C Weber
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W Hollmann
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B V Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Weeghel
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Boengler K, Eickelmann C, Kleinbongard P. Mitochondrial Kinase Signaling for Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4491. [PMID: 38674076 PMCID: PMC11049936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is reduced by cardioprotective adaptations such as local or remote ischemic conditioning. The cardioprotective stimuli activate signaling cascades, which converge on mitochondria and maintain the function of the organelles, which is critical for cell survival. The signaling cascades include not only extracellular molecules that activate sarcolemmal receptor-dependent or -independent protein kinases that signal at the plasma membrane or in the cytosol, but also involve kinases, which are located to or within mitochondria, phosphorylate mitochondrial target proteins, and thereby modify, e.g., respiration, the generation of reactive oxygen species, calcium handling, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, or apoptosis. In the present review, we give a personal and opinionated overview of selected protein kinases, localized to/within myocardial mitochondria, and summarize the available data on their role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We highlight the regulation of mitochondrial function by these mitochondrial protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Chantal Eickelmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
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3
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John S, Calmettes G, Xu S, Ribalet B. Real-time resolution studies of the regulation of lactate production by hexokinases binding to mitochondria in single cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300150. [PMID: 38457438 PMCID: PMC10923494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia accumulation of lactate may be a key factor in acidosis-induced tissue damage. Binding of hexokinase (HK) to the outer membrane of mitochondria may have a protective effect under these conditions. We have investigated the regulation of lactate metabolism by hexokinases (HKs), using HEK293 cells in which the endogenous hexokinases have been knocked down to enable overexpression of wild type and mutant HKs. To assess the real-time changes in intracellular lactate levels the cells were also transfected with a lactate specific FRET probe. In the HKI/HKII double knockdown HEK cells, addition of extracellular pyruvate caused a large and sustained decrease in lactate. Upon inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain by NaCN this effect was reversed as a rapid increase in lactate developed which was followed by a slow and sustained increase in the continued presence of the inhibitor. Incubation of the HKI/HKII double knockdown HEK cells with the inhibitor of the malic enzyme, ME1*, blocked the delayed accumulation of lactate evoked by NaCN. With replacement by overexpression of HKI or HKII the accumulation of intracellular lactate evoked by NaCN was prevented. Blockage of the pentose phosphate pathway with the inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) abolished the protective effect of HK expression, with NaCN causing again a sustained increase in lactate. The effect of HK was dependent on HK's catalytic activity and interaction with the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Based on these data we propose that transformation of glucose into G6P by HK activates the pentose phosphate pathway which increases the production of NADPH, which then blocks the activity of the malic enzyme to transform malate into pyruvate and lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott John
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Calmettes
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shili Xu
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) 2151, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bernard Ribalet
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Feng Q, Ling L, Yuan H, Guo Z, Ma J. Ginsenoside Rd: A promising target for ischemia-reperfusion injury therapy (A mini review). Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116111. [PMID: 38181712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a prevalent pathological phenomenon. Traditional treatment approaches primarily aim at restoring blood supply to ischemic organs, disregarding the consequent damage caused by IRI. Belonging to the class of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides that are found in Panax ginseng, ginsenoside Rd (GSRd) demonstrates notable safety alongside a diverse range of biological functions. Its active components exhibit diverse pharmacological effects, encompassing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, cardiovascular-protective, and immune-regulatory properties, making it a promising candidate for addressing multiple medical conditions. GSRd shields against I/R injury by employing crucial cellular mechanisms, including the attenuation of oxidative stress, reduction of inflammation, promotion of cell survival signaling pathways, and inhibition of apoptotic pathways. Additionally, GSRd regulates mitochondrial function, maintains calcium homeostasis, and modulates the expression of genes involved in I/R injury. This review seeks to consolidate the pharmacological mechanism of action of GSRd within the context of IRI. Our objective is to contribute to the advancement of GSRd-related pharmaceuticals and provide novel insights for clinicians involved in developing IRI treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 Qianjin East Road, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Lijing Ling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 Qianjin East Road, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 Qianjin East Road, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 Qianjin East Road, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 Qianjin East Road, Kunshan 215300, China.
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Chen S, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Cai K, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Geng D, Sun W, Ouyang N, Zhang N, Li Z, Sun G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. The role of glycolytic metabolic pathways in cardiovascular disease and potential therapeutic approaches. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:48. [PMID: 37938421 PMCID: PMC10632287 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major threat to human health, accounting for 46% of non-communicable disease deaths. Glycolysis is a conserved and rigorous biological process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, and its primary function is to provide the body with the energy and intermediate products needed for life activities. The non-glycolytic actions of enzymes associated with the glycolytic pathway have long been found to be associated with the development of CVD, typically exemplified by metabolic remodeling in heart failure, which is a condition in which the heart exhibits a rapid adaptive response to hypoxic and hypoxic conditions, occurring early in the course of heart failure. It is mainly characterized by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and a rise in the glycolytic pathway, and the rise in glycolysis is considered a hallmark of metabolic remodeling. In addition to this, the glycolytic metabolic pathway is the main source of energy for cardiomyocytes during ischemia-reperfusion. Not only that, the auxiliary pathways of glycolysis, such as the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, and pentose phosphate pathway, are also closely related to CVD. Therefore, targeting glycolysis is very attractive for therapeutic intervention in CVD. However, the relationship between glycolytic pathway and CVD is very complex, and some preclinical studies have confirmed that targeting glycolysis does have a certain degree of efficacy, but its specific role in the development of CVD has yet to be explored. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the glycolytic pathway and its key enzymes (including hexokinase (HK), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), aldolase (Aldolase), phosphoglycerate metatase (PGAM), enolase (ENO) pyruvate kinase (PKM) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) for their role in cardiovascular diseases (e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis) and possible emerging therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanxiang Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, China Medical University, National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Q, Zuurbier CJ, Huhn R, Torregroza C, Hollmann MW, Preckel B, van den Brom CE, Weber NC. Pharmacological Cardioprotection against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury-The Search for a Clinical Effective Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1432. [PMID: 37408266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological conditioning aims to protect the heart from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Despite extensive research in this area, today, a significant gap remains between experimental findings and clinical practice. This review provides an update on recent developments in pharmacological conditioning in the experimental setting and summarizes the clinical evidence of these cardioprotective strategies in the perioperative setting. We start describing the crucial cellular processes during ischemia and reperfusion that drive acute IRI through changes in critical compounds (∆GATP, Na+, Ca2+, pH, glycogen, succinate, glucose-6-phosphate, mitoHKII, acylcarnitines, BH4, and NAD+). These compounds all precipitate common end-effector mechanisms of IRI, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (mPTP). We further discuss novel promising interventions targeting these processes, with emphasis on cardiomyocytes and the endothelium. The limited translatability from basic research to clinical practice is likely due to the lack of comorbidities, comedications, and peri-operative treatments in preclinical animal models, employing only monotherapy/monointervention, and the use of no-flow (always in preclinical models) versus low-flow ischemia (often in humans). Future research should focus on improved matching between preclinical models and clinical reality, and on aligning multitarget therapy with optimized dosing and timing towards the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 11, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Anesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 11, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kerckhoff-Clinic-Center for Heart, Lung, Vascular and Rheumatic Disease, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Torregroza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kerckhoff-Clinic-Center for Heart, Lung, Vascular and Rheumatic Disease, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 11, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt Preckel
- Department of Anesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 11, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charissa E van den Brom
- Department of Anesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 11, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 11, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Ferdinandy P, Andreadou I, Baxter GF, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Dobrev D, Gersh BJ, Heusch G, Lecour S, Ruiz-Meana M, Zuurbier CJ, Hausenloy DJ, Schulz R. Interaction of Cardiovascular Nonmodifiable Risk Factors, Comorbidities and Comedications With Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection by Pharmacological Treatments and Ischemic Conditioning. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:159-216. [PMID: 36753049 PMCID: PMC9832381 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning of the myocardium enhance the ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and the potential to provide novel therapeutic paradigms for cardioprotection. While many signaling pathways leading to endogenous cardioprotection have been elucidated in experimental studies over the past 30 years, no cardioprotective drug is on the market yet for that indication. One likely major reason for this failure to translate cardioprotection into patient benefit is the lack of rigorous and systematic preclinical evaluation of promising cardioprotective therapies prior to their clinical evaluation, since ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by or associated with cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. These risk factors and comorbidities induce fundamental alterations in cellular signaling cascades that affect the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury and responses to cardioprotective interventions. Moreover, some of the medications used to treat these comorbidities may impact on cardioprotection by again modifying cellular signaling pathways. The aim of this article is to review the recent evidence that cardiovascular risk factors as well as comorbidities and their medications may modify the response to cardioprotective interventions. We emphasize the critical need for taking into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as comorbidities and their concomitant medications when designing preclinical studies for the identification and validation of cardioprotective drug targets and clinical studies. This will hopefully maximize the success rate of developing rational approaches to effective cardioprotective therapies for the majority of patients with multiple comorbidities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of mortality; however, there are still no cardioprotective drugs on the market. Most studies on cardioprotection have been undertaken in animal models of ischemia/reperfusion in the absence of comorbidities; however, ischemic heart disease develops with other systemic disorders (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis). Here we focus on the preclinical and clinical evidence showing how these comorbidities and their routine medications affect ischemia/reperfusion injury and interfere with cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Sean M Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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8
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Huang Y, Wang J, Wu J, Gu TW, Ti TL, Chen S. Activating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice Through Hexokinase II. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To verify that HIF-1α/HKII pathway is the key mechanism to alleviate myocardial ischemiareperfusion (IR) injury in aged mice through HIF-1α and HKII inhibitors. A mouse I/R model was carried out in young and old C57BL/6 mice for 60 min and reperfusion for 120
min. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with AAV-9 virus to introduce HIF-1α 24 h before ischemia. After 2 h of reperfusion, the mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP content, membrane potential, and protein expression of HIF-1α, LC3, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspese-9, Caspase-3,
and Cyt-3 were detected. After 24 h, the myocardial infarction area and cardiac ability were evaluated. Young mice and old mice have different protective effects after acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. After the introduction of HIF-1α by AAV-9 virus, the expression of the downstream
target gene HKII can be up-regulated. At the same time, it reduces the expression of key proteins LC3, Bax, Caspese-9, and Caspase-3. Stabilize the membrane potential, ultimately reduce the area of myocardial infarction and improve heart function. Young mice and old mice have different protective
effects after acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. The I/R in the older is caused by HIF-1α. HIF-1α inhibits the opening of mPTP by up-regulating HKII, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential, protects mitochondrial integrity, and reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
damage to the myocardium of elderly mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Huang
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Jianjiang Wu
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Tai Wan Gu
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Tai Lai Ti
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
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9
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Shan W, Zhou Y, Yip Tam K. The development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting hexokinase 2. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2574-2585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Hinrichsen F, Hamm J, Westermann M, Schröder L, Shima K, Mishra N, Walker A, Sommer N, Klischies K, Prasse D, Zimmermann J, Kaiser S, Bordoni D, Fazio A, Marinos G, Laue G, Imm S, Tremaroli V, Basic M, Häsler R, Schmitz RA, Krautwald S, Wolf A, Stecher B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Kaleta C, Rupp J, Bäckhed F, Rosenstiel P, Sommer F. Microbial regulation of hexokinase 2 links mitochondrial metabolism and cell death in colitis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2355-2366.e8. [PMID: 34847376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinases (HK) catalyze the first step of glycolysis limiting its pace. HK2 is highly expressed in gut epithelium, contributes to immune responses, and is upregulated during inflammation. We examined the microbial regulation of HK2 and its impact on inflammation using mice lacking HK2 in intestinal epithelial cells (Hk2ΔIEC). Hk2ΔIEC mice were less susceptible to acute colitis. Analyzing the epithelial transcriptome from Hk2ΔIEC mice during colitis and using HK2-deficient intestinal organoids and Caco-2 cells revealed reduced mitochondrial respiration and epithelial cell death in the absence of HK2. The microbiota strongly regulated HK2 expression and activity. The microbially derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate repressed HK2 expression via histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) and reduced mitochondrial respiration in wild-type but not in HK2-deficient Caco-2 cells. Butyrate supplementation protected wild-type but not Hk2ΔIEC mice from colitis. Our findings define a mechanism how butyrate promotes intestinal homeostasis and suggest targeted HK2-inhibition as therapeutic avenue for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Hinrichsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacob Hamm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Magdalena Westermann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lena Schröder
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kensuke Shima
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Neha Mishra
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kenneth Klischies
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Prasse
- Institute of General Microbiology, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sina Kaiser
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dora Bordoni
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Antonella Fazio
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios Marinos
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Laue
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Imm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A Schmitz
- Institute of General Microbiology, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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11
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Ren Z, Yu Y, Chen C, Yang D, Ding T, Zhu L, Deng J, Xu Z. The Triangle Relationship Between Long Noncoding RNA, RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, and Glycolysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:807737. [PMID: 34917069 PMCID: PMC8670088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.807737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA), a noncoding RNA over 200nt in length, can regulate glycolysis through metabolic pathways, glucose metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic reprogramming. Upon viral infection, increased aerobic glycolysis providzes material and energy for viral replication. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is the only protein-specified downstream of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) that bridges the gap between antiviral immunity and glycolysis. MAVS binding to RIG-I inhibits MAVS binding to Hexokinase (HK2), thereby impairing glycolysis, while excess lactate production inhibits MAVS and the downstream antiviral immune response, facilitating viral replication. LncRNAs can also regulate antiviral innate immunity by interacting with RIG-I and downstream signaling pathways and by regulating the expression of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Altogether, we summarize the relationship between glycolysis, antiviral immunity, and lncRNAs and propose that lncRNAs interact with glycolysis and antiviral pathways, providing a new perspective for the future treatment against virus infection, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoxi Chen
- College of Life Since and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingyong Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Molecular Signaling to Preserve Mitochondrial Integrity against Ischemic Stress in the Heart: Rescue or Remove Mitochondria in Danger. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123330. [PMID: 34943839 PMCID: PMC8699551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide, and ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of heart failure (HF). The heart is a high-energy demanding organ, and myocardial energy reserves are limited. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, but under stress conditions, they become damaged, release necrotic and apoptotic factors, and contribute to cell death. Loss of cardiomyocytes plays a significant role in ischemic heart disease. In response to stress, protective signaling pathways are activated to limit mitochondrial deterioration and protect the heart. To prevent mitochondrial death pathways, damaged mitochondria are removed by mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitochondrial quality control mediated by mitophagy is functionally linked to mitochondrial dynamics. This review provides a current understanding of the signaling mechanisms by which the integrity of mitochondria is preserved in the heart against ischemic stress.
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13
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Dambrova M, Zuurbier CJ, Borutaite V, Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M. Energy substrate metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative stress in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:24-37. [PMID: 33484825 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the most metabolically flexible organ with respect to the use of substrates available in different states of energy metabolism. Cardiac mitochondria sense substrate availability and ensure the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and heart function. Mitochondria also play a critical role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, during which they are directly involved in ROS-producing pathophysiological mechanisms. This review explores the mechanisms of ROS production within the energy metabolism pathways and focuses on the impact of different substrates. We describe the main metabolites accumulating during ischemia in the glucose, fatty acid, and Krebs cycle pathways. Hyperglycemia, often present in the acute stress condition of ischemia/reperfusion, increases cytosolic ROS concentrations through the activation of NADPH oxidase 2 and increases mitochondrial ROS through the metabolic overloading and decreased binding of hexokinase II to mitochondria. Fatty acid-linked ROS production is related to the increased fatty acid flux and corresponding accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines. Succinate that accumulates during anoxia/ischemia is suggested to be the main source of ROS, and the role of itaconate as an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase is emerging. We discuss the strategies to modulate and counteract the accumulation of substrates that yield ROS and the therapeutic implications of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ 1105, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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14
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Zhang H, Xiao Y, Nederlof R, Bakker D, Zhang P, Girardin SE, Hollmann MW, Weber NC, Houten SM, van Weeghel M, Kibbey RG, Zuurbier CJ. NLRX1 Deletion Increases Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage and Activates Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Heart. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591815. [PMID: 33362773 PMCID: PMC7759503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NOD-like receptors (NLR) are intracellular sensors of the innate immune system, with the NLRP3 being a pro-inflammatory member that modulates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and metabolism. No information is available on a possible role of anti-inflammatory NLRs on IRI and metabolism in the intact heart. Here we hypothesize that the constitutively expressed, anti-inflammatory mitochondrial NLRX1, affects IRI and metabolism of the isolated mouse heart. Methods Isolated C57Bl/6J and NLRX1 knock-out (KO) mouse hearts were perfused with a physiological mixture of the essential substrates (lactate, glucose, pyruvate, fatty acid, glutamine) and insulin. For the IRI studies, hearts were subjected to either mild (20 min) or severe (35 min) ischemia and IRI was determined at 60 min reperfusion. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNFα) and survival pathways (mito-HKII, p-Akt, p-AMPK, p-STAT3) were analyzed at 5 min of reperfusion. For the metabolism studies, hearts were perfused for 35 min with either 5.5 mM 13C-glucose or 0.4 mM 13C-palmitate under normoxic conditions, followed by LC-MS analysis and integrated, stepwise, mass-isotopomeric flux analysis (MIMOSA). Results NLRX1 KO significantly increased IRI (infarct size from 63% to 73%, end-diastolic pressure from 59 mmHg to 75 mmHg, and rate-pressure-product recovery from 15% to 6%), following severe, but not mild, ischemia. The increased IRI in NLRX1 KO hearts was associated with depressed Akt signaling at early reperfusion; other survival pathways or inflammatory parameters were not affected. Metabolically, NLRX1 KO hearts displayed increased lactate production and glucose oxidation relative to fatty acid oxidation, associated with increased pyruvate dehydrogenase flux and 10% higher cardiac oxygen consumption. Conclusion Deletion of the mitochondrially-located NOD-like sensor NLRX1 exacerbates severe cardiac IR injury, possibly through impaired Akt signaling, and increases cardiac glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yang Xiao
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Institut für Herz-und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Diane Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander M Houten
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Penna C, Andreadou I, Aragno M, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Lazou A, Falcão‐Pires I, Bell R, Zuurbier CJ, Pagliaro P, Hausenloy DJ. Effect of hyperglycaemia and diabetes on acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischaemic conditioning protocols. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5312-5335. [PMID: 31985828 PMCID: PMC7680002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease and experience worse clinical outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. Novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the myocardium against the effects of acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). These include one or more brief cycles of non-lethal ischaemia and reperfusion prior to the ischaemic event (ischaemic preconditioning [IPC]) or at the onset of reperfusion (ischaemic postconditioning [IPost]) either to the heart or to extracardiac organs (remote ischaemic conditioning [RIC]). Studies suggest that the diabetic heart is resistant to cardioprotective strategies, although clinical evidence is lacking. We overview the available animal models of diabetes, investigating acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection, experiments investigating the effects of hyperglycaemia on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI, the response of the diabetic heart to cardioprotective strategies e.g. IPC, IPost and RIC. Finally we highlight the effects of anti-hyperglycaemic agents on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Luc Bertrand
- Division of CardiologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Experimetnale et CliniqueUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of BiologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Ines Falcão‐Pires
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Robert Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Coert J. Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Derek J. Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke–NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaiwan
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16
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A systematic review of post-translational modifications in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex associated with cardiac diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165992. [PMID: 33091565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple cardiac diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure. A growing number of evidence provided by proteomic screening techniques has demonstrated the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in several key components of the pore in response to changes in the extra/intracellular environment and bioenergetic demand. This could lead to a fine, complex regulatory mechanism that, under pathological conditions, can shift the state of mitochondrial functions and, thus, the cell's fate. Understanding the complex relationship between these PTMs is still under investigation and can provide new, promising therapeutic targets and treatment approaches. This review, using a systematic review of the literature, presents the current knowledge on PTMs of the mPTP and their role in health and cardiac disease.
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17
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Long-chain free fatty acids inhibit ischaemic preconditioning of the isolated rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:111-132. [PMID: 32602016 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that non-preconditioned hearts from diet-induced obese rats showed, compared to controls, a significant reduction in infarct size after ischaemia/reperfusion, whilst ischaemic preconditioning was without effect. In view of the high circulating FFA concentration in diet rats, the aims of the present study were to: (i) compare the effect of palmitate on the preconditioning potential of hearts from age-matched controls and diet rats (ii) elucidate the effects of substrate manipulation on ischaemic preconditioning. Substrate manipulation was done with dichloroacetate (DCA), which enhances glucose oxidation and decreases fatty acid oxidation. Isolated hearts from diet rats, age-matched controls or young rats, were perfused in the working mode using the following substrates: glucose (10 mM); palmitate (1.2 mM)/3% albumin) + glucose (10 mM) (HiFA + G); palmitate (1.2 mM/3% albumin) (HiFA); palmitate (0.4 mM/3% albumin) + glucose(10 mM) (LoFA + G); palmitate (0.4 mM/3% albumin) (LoFA). Hearts were preconditioned with 3 × 5 min ischaemia/reperfusion, followed by 35 min coronary ligation and 60 min reperfusion for infarct size determination (tetrazolium method) or 20 min global ischaemia/10 or 30 min reperfusion for Western blotting (ERKp44/42, PKB/Akt). Preconditioning of glucose-perfused hearts from age-matched control (but not diet) rats reduced infarct size, activated ERKp44/42 and PKB/Akt and improved functional recovery during reperfusion (ii) perfusion with HiFA + G abolished preconditioning and activation of ERKp44/42 (iii) DCA pretreatment largely reversed the harmful effects of HiFA. Hearts from non-preconditioned diet rats exhibited smaller infarcts, but could not be preconditioned, regardless of the substrate. Similar results were obtained upon substrate manipulation of hearts from young rats. Abolishment of preconditioning in diet rats may be due to altered myocardial metabolic patterns resulting from changes in circulating FA. The harmful effects of HiFA were attenuated by stimulation of glycolysis and inhibition of FA oxidation.
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18
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Hexokinase II dissociation alone cannot account for changes in heart mitochondrial function, morphology and sensitivity to permeability transition pore opening following ischemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234653. [PMID: 32579577 PMCID: PMC7313731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that hexokinase II (HK2) dissociation from mitochondria during cardiac ischemia correlates with cytochrome c (cyt-c) loss, oxidative stress and subsequent reperfusion injury. However, whether HK2 release is the primary signal mediating this ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was not established. To investigate this, we studied the effects of dissociating HK2 from isolated heart mitochondria. Mitochondria isolated from Langendorff-perfused rat hearts before and after 30 min global ischemia ± ischemic preconditioning (IPC) were subject to in vitro dissociation of HK2 by incubation with glucose-6-phosphate at pH 6.3. Prior HK2 dissociation from pre- or end-ischemic heart mitochondria had no effect on their cyt-c release, respiration (± ADP) or mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Inner mitochondrial membrane morphology was assessed indirectly by monitoring changes in light scattering (LS) and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Although no major ultrastructure differences were detected between pre- and end-ischemia mitochondria, the amplitude of changes in LS was reduced in the latter. This was prevented by IPC but not mimicked in vitro by HK2 dissociation. We also observed more Drp1, a mitochondrial fission protein, in end-ischemia mitochondria. IPC failed to prevent this increase but did decrease mitochondrial-associated dynamin 2. In vitro HK2 dissociation alone cannot replicate ischemia-induced effects on mitochondrial function implying that in vivo dissociation of HK2 modulates end-ischemia mitochondrial function indirectly perhaps involving interaction with mitochondrial fission proteins. The resulting changes in mitochondrial morphology and cristae structure would destabilize outer / inner membrane interactions, increase cyt-c release and enhance mPTP sensitivity to [Ca2+].
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19
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Uthman L, Nederlof R, Eerbeek O, Baartscheer A, Schumacher C, Buchholtz N, Hollmann MW, Coronel R, Weber NC, Zuurbier CJ. Delayed ischaemic contracture onset by empagliflozin associates with NHE1 inhibition and is dependent on insulin in isolated mouse hearts. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1533-1545. [PMID: 30649212 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) inhibition properties in isolated cardiomyocytes, but it is unknown whether these properties extend to the intact heart during ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) conditions. NHE inhibitors as Cariporide delay time to onset of contracture (TOC) during ischaemia and reduce IR injury. We hypothesized that, in the ex vivo heart, Empagliflozin (Empa) mimics Cariporide during IR by delaying TOC and reducing IR injury. To facilitate translation to in vivo conditions with insulin present, effects were examined in the absence and presence of insulin. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated C57Bl/6NCrl mouse hearts were subjected to 25 min I and 120 min R without and with 50 mU/L insulin. Without insulin, Empa and Cari delayed TOC by 100 and 129 s, respectively, yet only Cariporide reduced IR injury [infarct size (mean ± SEM in %) from 51 ± 6 to 34 ± 5]. Empa did not delay TOC in the presence of the NHE1 inhibitor Eniporide. Insulin perfusion increased tissue glycogen content at baseline (from 2 ± 2 µmol to 42 ± 1 µmol glycosyl units/g heart dry weight), amplified G6P and lactate accumulation at end-ischaemia, thereby decreased mtHKII and exacerbated IR injury. Under these conditions, Empa (1 µM) and Cariporide (10 µM) were without effect on TOC and IR injury. Empa and Cariporide both inhibited NHE activity, in isolated cardiomyocytes, independent of insulin. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of insulin, Empa and Cariporide strongly delayed the time to onset of contracture during ischaemia. In the presence of insulin, both Empa and Cari were without effect on IR, possibly because of severe ischaemic acidification. Insulin exacerbates IR injury through increased glycogen depletion during ischaemia and consequently mtHKII dissociation. The data suggest that also in the ex vivo intact heart Empa exerts direct cardiac effects by inhibiting NHE during ischaemia, but not during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laween Uthman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Otto Eerbeek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius Baartscheer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Clinical and Experimental Cardiology; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Schumacher
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Clinical and Experimental Cardiology; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ninée Buchholtz
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Clinical and Experimental Cardiology; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Zuurbier CJ, Bertrand L, Beauloye CR, Andreadou I, Ruiz‐Meana M, Jespersen NR, Kula‐Alwar D, Prag HA, Eric Botker H, Dambrova M, Montessuit C, Kaambre T, Liepinsh E, Brookes PS, Krieg T. Cardiac metabolism as a driver and therapeutic target of myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5937-5954. [PMID: 32384583 PMCID: PMC7294140 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing infarct size during a cardiac ischaemic-reperfusion episode is still of paramount importance, because the extension of myocardial necrosis is an important risk factor for developing heart failure. Cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is in principle a metabolic pathology as it is caused by abruptly halted metabolism during the ischaemic episode and exacerbated by sudden restart of specific metabolic pathways at reperfusion. It should therefore not come as a surprise that therapy directed at metabolic pathways can modulate IRI. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of important metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets to combat cardiac IRI. Activating metabolic pathways such as glycolysis (eg AMPK activators), glucose oxidation (activating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ketone oxidation (increasing ketone plasma levels), hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (O-GlcNAcylation; administration of glucosamine/glutamine) and deacetylation (activating sirtuins 1 or 3; administration of NAD+ -boosting compounds) all seem to hold promise to reduce acute IRI. In contrast, some metabolic pathways may offer protection through diminished activity. These pathways comprise the malate-aspartate shuttle (in need of novel specific reversible inhibitors), mitochondrial oxygen consumption, fatty acid oxidation (CD36 inhibitors, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors) and mitochondrial succinate metabolism (malonate). Additionally, protecting the cristae structure of the mitochondria during IR, by maintaining the association of hexokinase II or creatine kinase with mitochondria, or inhibiting destabilization of FO F1 -ATPase dimers, prevents mitochondrial damage and thereby reduces cardiac IRI. Currently, the most promising and druggable metabolic therapy against cardiac IRI seems to be the singular or combined targeting of glycolysis, O-GlcNAcylation and metabolism of ketones, fatty acids and succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coert J. Zuurbier
- Department of AnesthesiologyLaboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and AnesthesiologyAmsterdam Infection & ImmunityAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et CliniquePole of Cardiovascular ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Christoph R. Beauloye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et CliniquePole of Cardiovascular ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of PharmacologyFaculty of PharmacyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Marisol Ruiz‐Meana
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronVall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR)CIBER‐CVUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red‐CVMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Hiran A. Prag
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Hans Eric Botker
- Department of CardiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Pharmaceutical PharmacologyLatvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRigaLatvia
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of Geneva School of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyNational Institute of Chemical Physics and BiophysicsTallinnEstonia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Pharmaceutical PharmacologyLatvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRigaLatvia
| | - Paul S. Brookes
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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21
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Zhou H, Wang S, Hu S, Chen Y, Ren J. ER-Mitochondria Microdomains in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Fresh Perspective. Front Physiol 2018; 9:755. [PMID: 29962971 PMCID: PMC6013587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is pivotal to the maintenance of an array of physiological processes. The physical contact and association between ER and mitochondria, known as the ER–mitochondria microdomains or mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), temporally and spatially regulates the mitochondria/ER structure and function. More evidence suggests a role for MAMs in energy production, cellular contraction and mobility, and normal extracellular signal transmission. In pathological states, such as cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R injury), this ER–mitochondria microdomains may act to participate in the cellular redox imbalance, ER stress, mitochondrial injury, energy deletion, and programmed cell death. From a therapeutic perspective, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the pathogenic ER–mitochondria contact should help to identify potential therapeutic target for cardiac I/R injury and other cardiovascular diseases and also pave the road to new treatment modalities pertinent for the treatment of reperfusion damage in clinical practice. This review will mainly focus on the possible signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the ER–mitochondria contact. In particular, we will summarize the downstream signaling modalities influenced by ER–mitochondria microdomains, for example, mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, calcium balance, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Shunying Hu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Yu P, Wu G, Lee HW, Simons M. Endothelial Metabolic Control of Lymphangiogenesis. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700245. [PMID: 29750374 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is an important developmental process that is critical to regulation of fluid homeostasis, immune surveillance and response as well as pathogenesis of a number of diseases, among them cancer, inflammation, and heart failure. Specification, formation, and maturation of lymphatic blood vessels involves an interplay between a series of events orchestrated by various transcription factors that determine expression of key genes involved in lymphangiogenesis. These are traditionally thought to be under control of several key growth factors including vascular growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Recent insights into VEGF and FGF signaling point to their role in control of endothelial metabolic processes such as glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation that, in turn, play a major role in regulation of lymphangiogenesis. These advances have significantly increased our understanding of lymphatic biology and opened new therapeutic vistas. Here we review our current understanding of metabolic controls in the lymphatic vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Guosheng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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23
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Nederlof R, van den Elshout MAM, Koeman A, Uthman L, Koning I, Eerbeek O, Weber NC, Hollmann MW, Zuurbier CJ. Cyclophilin D ablation is associated with increased end-ischemic mitochondrial hexokinase activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12749. [PMID: 28986541 PMCID: PMC5630626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the absence of cyclophilin D (CypD) and the presence of mitochondrial bound hexokinase II (mtHKII) protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is unknown whether CypD determines the amount of mtHKII in the heart. We examined whether CypD affects mtHK in normoxic, ischemic and preconditioned isolated mouse hearts. Wild type (WT) and CypD-/- mouse hearts were perfused with glucose only and subjected to 25 min ischemia and reperfusion. At baseline, cytosolic and mtHK was similar between hearts. CypD ablation protected against I/R injury and increased ischemic preconditioning (IPC) effects, without affecting end-ischemic mtHK. When hearts were perfused with glucose, glutamine, pyruvate and lactate, the preparation was more stable and CypD ablation-resulted in more protection that was associated with increased mtHK activity, leaving little room for additional protection by IPC. In conclusion, in glucose only-perfused hearts, deletion of CypD is not associated with end-ischemic mitochondrial-HK binding. In contrast, in the physiologically more relevant multiple-substrate perfusion model, deletion of CypD is associated with an increased mtHK activity, possibly explaining the increased protection against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Nederlof
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A M van den Elshout
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Koeman
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laween Uthman
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Koning
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Eerbeek
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Proteomic footprint of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: Longitudinal study of the at-risk and remote regions in the pig model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12343. [PMID: 28955040 PMCID: PMC5617837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion alters post-myocardial infarction (MI) healing; however, very few systematic studies report the early molecular changes following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Alterations in the remote myocardium have also been neglected, disregarding its contribution to post-MI heart failure (HF) development. This study characterizes protein dynamics and contractile abnormalities in the ischemic and remote myocardium during one week after MI. Closed-chest 40 min I/R was performed in 20 pigs sacrificed at 120 min, 24 hours, 4days, and 7days after reperfusion (n = 5 per group). Myocardial contractility was followed up by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and tissue samples were analyzed by multiplexed quantitative proteomics. At early reperfusion (120 min), the ischemic area showed a coordinated upregulation of inflammatory processes, whereas interstitial proteins, angiogenesis and cardio-renal signaling processes increased at later reperfusion (day 4 and 7). Remote myocardium showed decreased contractility at 120 min- and 24 h-CMR accompanied by transient alterations in contractile and mitochondrial proteins. Subsequent recovery of regional contractility was associated with edema formation on CMR and increases in inflammation and wound healing proteins on post-MI day 7. Our results establish for the first time the altered protein signatures in the ischemic and remote myocardium early after I/R and might have implications for new therapeutic targets to improve early post-MI remodeling.
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25
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Mechanistic Role of mPTP in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:169-189. [PMID: 28551787 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The treatment of choice for reducing ischemic injury and limiting infarct size (IS) in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) is timely and effective myocardial reperfusion via primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, myocardial reperfusion itself may induce further cardiomyocyte death, a phenomenon known as reperfusion injury (RI). The opening of a large pore in the mitochondrial membrane, namely, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), is widely recognized as the final step of RI and is responsible for mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte death. Although myocardial reperfusion interventions continue to improve, there remain no effective therapies for preventing RI due to incomplete knowledge regarding RI components and mechanisms and to premature translations of findings from animals to humans. In the last year, increasing amounts of data describing mPTP components, structure, regulation and function have surfaced. These data may be crucial for gaining a better understanding of RI genesis and for planning future trials evaluating new cardioprotective strategies. In this chapter, we review the role of the mPTP in RI pathophysiology and report on recent studies investigating its structure and components. Finally, we provide a brief overview of principal cardioprotective strategies and their pitfalls.
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26
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Nederlof R, Denis S, Lauzier B, Rosiers CD, Laakso M, Hagen J, Argmann C, Wanders R, Houtkooper RH, Hollmann MW, Houten SM, Zuurbier CJ. Acute detachment of hexokinase II from mitochondria modestly increases oxygen consumption of the intact mouse heart. Metabolism 2017. [PMID: 28641785 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac hexokinase II (HKII) can translocate between cytosol and mitochondria and change its cellular expression with pathologies such as ischemia-reperfusion, diabetes and heart failure. The cardiac metabolic consequences of these changes are unknown. Here we measured energy substrate utilization in cytosol and mitochondria using stabile isotopes and oxygen consumption of the intact perfused heart for 1) an acute decrease in mitochondrial HKII (mtHKII), and 2) a chronic decrease in total cellular HKII. METHODS/RESULTS We first examined effects of 200nM TAT (Trans-Activator of Transcription)-HKII peptide treatment, which was previously shown to acutely decrease mtHKII by ~30%. In Langendorff-perfused hearts TAT-HKII resulted in a modest, but significant, increased oxygen consumption, while cardiac performance was unchanged. At the metabolic level, there was a nonsignificant (p=0.076) ~40% decrease in glucose contribution to pyruvate and lactate formation through glycolysis and to mitochondrial citrate synthase flux (6.6±1.1 vs. 11.2±2.2%), and an 35% increase in tissue pyruvate (27±2 vs. 20±2pmol/mg; p=0.033). Secondly, we compared WT and HKII+/- hearts (50% chronic decrease in total HKII). RNA sequencing revealed no differential gene expression between WT and HKII+/- hearts indicating an absence of metabolic reprogramming at the transcriptional level. Langendorff-perfused hearts showed no significant differences in glycolysis (0.34±0.03μmol/min), glucose contribution to citrate synthase flux (35±2.3%), palmitate contribution to citrate synthase flux (20±1.1%), oxygen consumption or mechanical performance between WT and HKII+/- hearts. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that acute albeit not chronic changes in mitochondrial HKII modestly affect cardiac oxygen consumption and energy substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Nederlof
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Denis
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Lauzier
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jacob Hagen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Wanders
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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4-Phenyl butyric acid increases particulate hexokinase activity and protects against ROS injury in L6 myotubes. Life Sci 2017; 179:98-102. [PMID: 28483437 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HK) is the first enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and is responsible for glucose phosphorylation and fixation into the cell. HK (HK-II) is expressed in skeletal muscle and can be found in the cytosol or bound mitochondria, where it can protect cells against insults such as oxidative stress. 4-Phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) is a chemical chaperone that inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and contributes to the restoring of glucose homeostasis. AIMS Here, we decided to investigate whether HK activity and its interaction with mitochondria could be a target of 4-PBA action. MAIN METHODS L6 myotubes were treated with 1mM 4-PBA for 24, 48 or 72h. We evaluated HK activity, glucose and oxygen consumption, gene and protein expression. KEY FINDINGS We found that L6 myotubes treated with 4-PBA presented more HK activity in the particulate fraction, increased glucose consumption and augmented Glut4, Hk2 and Vdac1 mRNA expression. Moreover, 4-PBA prevented the deleterious effect of antimycin-A on HK particulate activity. SIGNIFICANCE Together, these results suggest a new role of 4-PBA in glucose metabolism that includes HK as a potential target of beneficial effect of 4-PBA.
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28
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Nederlof R, Weber NC, Juffermans NP, de Mol BAMJ, Hollmann MW, Preckel B, Zuurbier CJ. A randomized trial of remote ischemic preconditioning and control treatment for cardioprotection in sevoflurane-anesthetized CABG patients. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:51. [PMID: 28356068 PMCID: PMC5372281 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) efficacy is debated. Possibly, because propofol, which has a RIPC-inhibiting action, is used in most RIPC trials. It has been suggested that clinical efficacy is, however, present with volatile anesthesia in the absence of propofol, although this is based on one phase 1 trial only. Therefore, in the present study we further explore the relation between RIPC and cardioprotection with perioperative anesthesia restricted to sevoflurane and fentanyl, in CABG patients without concomitant procedures. Methods In a single-center study, we aimed to randomize 46 patients to either RIPC (3x5 min inflation of a blood pressure cuff around the arm) or control treatment (deflated cuff around the arm). Blood samples were obtained before and after RIPC to evaluate potential RIPC-induced mediators (Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Macrophage Inhibitory Factor). An atrial tissue sample was obtained at cannulation of the appendix of the right atrium for determination of mitochondrial bound hexokinase II (mtHKII) and other survival proteins (Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase α). In blood samples taken before and 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Surgery was strictly performed under sevoflurane anesthesia (no propofol). Results We actually randomized 16 patients to control treatment and 13 patients to RIPC. The mean 24 h area under the curve (AUC) cTnT was 11.44 (standard deviation 4.66) in the control group and 10.90 (standard deviation 4.73) in the RIPC group (mean difference 0.54, 95% CI −3.06 to 4.13; p = 0.76). The mean 24 h AUC CRP was 1319 (standard deviation 92) in the control group and 1273 (standard deviation 141) in the RIPC group (mean difference 46.2, 95% CI −288 to 380; p = 0.78). RIPC was without effect on survival proteins in atrial tissue samples obtained before surgery (mitochondrial hexokinase, Akt and AMPK) and inflammatory mediators obtained before and immediately after RIPC (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor). Conclusion Many factors can interfere with the outcome of RIPC. Trying to correct for this led to strict inclusion criteria, which, in combination with a decreased institutional frequency of CABG without concomitant procedures and a change in institutional anesthetic regimen away from volatile anesthetics towards total intravenous anesthesia, caused slow inclusion and halting of this trial after 3 years, before target inclusion could be reached. Therefore this study is underpowered to prove its primary goal that RIPC reduced AUC cTnT by < 25%. Nevertheless, we have shown that the effect of RIPC on 24 h AUC cTnT, in cardiac surgery with anesthesia during surgery restricted to sevoflurane/fentanyl (no propofol), was between a decrease of 27% and an increase of 36%. These findings are not in line with previous studies in this field. Trial registration The Netherlands Trial Register: NTR2915; Registered 25 Mei 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Nederlof
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas A M J de Mol
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt Preckel
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Kolar D, Gresikova M, Waskova-Arnostova P, Elsnicova B, Kohutova J, Hornikova D, Vebr P, Neckar J, Blahova T, Kasparova D, Novotny J, Kolar F, Novakova O, Zurmanova JM. Adaptation to chronic continuous hypoxia potentiates Akt/HK2 anti-apoptotic pathway during brief myocardial ischemia/reperfusion insult. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:99-108. [PMID: 28290047 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia represents a potential cardioprotective intervention reducing the extent of acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is a major cause of death worldwide. The main objective of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic Akt/hexokinase 2 (HK2) pathway in hypoxic hearts subjected to I/R insult. Hearts isolated from male Wistar rats exposed either to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; 10% O2) or to room air for 3 weeks were perfused according to Langendorff and subjected to 10 min of no-flow ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion. The hearts were collected either after ischemia or after reperfusion and used for protein analyses and quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The CNH resulted in increased levels of HK1 and HK2 proteins and the total HK activity after ischemia compared to corresponding normoxic group. Similarly, CNH hearts exhibited increased ischemic level of Akt protein phosphorylated on Ser473. The CNH also strengthened the interaction of HK2 with mitochondria and prevented downregulation of mitochondrial creatine kinase after reperfusion. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly lower after I/R in CNH hearts than in normoxic ones, suggesting a lower probability of apoptosis. In conclusion, the Akt/HK2 pathway is likely to play a role in the development of a cardioprotective phenotype of CNH by preventing the detachment of HK2 from mitochondria at reperfusion period and decreases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio during I/R insult, thereby lowering the probability of apoptosis activation in the mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kolar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Gresikova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Waskova-Arnostova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Elsnicova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kohutova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Hornikova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vebr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Blahova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Kasparova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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30
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Reducing mitochondrial bound hexokinase II mediates transition from non-injurious into injurious ischemia/reperfusion of the intact heart. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:323-333. [PMID: 28258543 PMCID: PMC5534207 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the heart becomes injurious when duration of the ischemic insult exceeds a certain threshold (approximately ≥20 min). Mitochondrial bound hexokinase II (mtHKII) protects against I/R injury, with the amount of mtHKII correlating with injury. Here, we examine whether mtHKII can induce the transition from non-injurious to injurious I/R, by detaching HKII from mitochondria during a non-injurious I/R interval. Additionally, we examine possible underlying mechanisms (increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased oxygen consumption (MVO2) and decreased cardiac energetics) associated with this transition. Langendorff perfused rat hearts were treated for 20 min with saline, TAT-only or 200 nM TAT-HKII, a peptide that translocates HKII from mitochondria. Then, hearts were exposed to non-injurious 15-min ischemia, followed by 30-min reperfusion. I/R injury was determined by necrosis (LDH release) and cardiac mechanical recovery. ROS were measured by DHE fluorescence. Changes in cardiac respiratory activity (cardiac MVO2 and efficiency and mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO2) using protoporphyrin IX) and cardiac energetics (ATP, PCr, ∆GATP) were determined following peptide treatment. When exposed to 15-min ischemia, control hearts had no necrosis and 85% recovery of function. Conversely, TAT-HKII treatment resulted in significant LDH release and reduced cardiac recovery (25%), indicating injurious I/R. This was associated with increased ROS during ischemia and reperfusion. TAT-HKII treatment reduced MVO2 and improved energetics (increased PCr) before ischemia, without affecting MVO2/RPP ratio or mitoPO2. In conclusion, a reduction in mtHKII turns non-injurious I/R into injurious I/R. Loss of mtHKII was associated with increased ROS during ischemia and reperfusion, but not with increased MVO2 or decreased cardiac energetics before damage occurs.
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31
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Catalán Ú, Rubió L, López de las Hazas MC, Herrero P, Nadal P, Canela N, Pedret A, Motilva MJ, Solà R. Hydroxytyrosol and its complex forms (secoiridoids) modulate aorta and heart proteome in healthy rats: Potential cardio-protective effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2114-2129. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Catalán
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Sant Llorenç Reus Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Sant Llorenç Reus Spain
- Food Technology Department; Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center; Lleida Spain
| | | | - Pol Herrero
- Centre for Omic Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV); Reus Spain
| | - Pedro Nadal
- Centre for Omic Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV); Reus Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV); Reus Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Sant Llorenç Reus Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center; Lleida Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Sant Llorenç Reus Spain
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Izzo V, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Sica V, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: New Findings and Persisting Uncertainties. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:655-667. [PMID: 27161573 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several insults cause the inner mitochondrial membrane to abruptly lose osmotic homeostasis, hence initiating a regulated variant of cell death known as 'mitochondrial permeability transition' (MPT)-driven necrosis. MPT provides an etiological contribution to several human disorders characterized by the acute loss of post-mitotic cells, including cardiac and cerebral ischemia. Nevertheless, the precise molecular determinants of MPT remain elusive, which considerably hampers the development of clinically implementable cardio- or neuroprotective strategies targeting this process. We summarize recent findings shedding new light on the supramolecular entity that mediates MPT, the so-called 'permeability transition pore complex' (PTPC). Moreover, we discuss hitherto unresolved controversies on MPT and analyze the major obstacles that still preclude the complete understanding and therapeutic targeting of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Izzo
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Sica
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France.
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Mitochondrial autophagy in cardiomyopathy. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 38:8-15. [PMID: 27003723 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac mitochondria produce vast amounts of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation to maintain contractile function. They are also the primary source of reactive oxygen species, which contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiomyocyte death, and heart failure. To protect against mitochondrial damage, cardiomyocytes develop well-coordinated quality control mechanisms that maintain the overall mitochondrial health through mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitophagy removes dysfunctional mitochondria in the heart not only under normal physiological conditions, but also in response to pathological stresses. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitophagy dysregulation can induce cardiomyocyte death and cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about mitophagic mechanisms, regulatory pathways, and function in the heart.
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Marquez J, Lee SR, Kim N, Han J. Post-Translational Modifications of Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease: Not Lost in Translation. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:1-12. [PMID: 26798379 PMCID: PMC4720839 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in regulating cellular biology by playing key roles in processes such as the rapid on and off switching of signaling network and the regulation of enzymatic activities without affecting gene expressions. PTMs lead to conformational changes in the tertiary structure of protein and resultant regulation of protein function such as activation, inhibition, or signaling roles. PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and S-nitrosylation of specific sites in proteins have key roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the progression to heart failure. Despite the extensive study of PTMs in mitochondrial proteins much remains unclear. Further research is yet to be undertaken to elucidate how changes in the proteins may lead to cardiovascular and metabolic disease progression in particular. We aimed to summarize the various types of PTMs that occur in mitochondrial proteins, which might be associated with heart failure. This study will increase the understanding of cardiovascular diseases through PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubert Marquez
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Golshani-Hebroni S. Mg(++) requirement for MtHK binding, and Mg(++) stabilization of mitochondrial membranes via activation of MtHK & MtCK and promotion of mitochondrial permeability transition pore closure: A hypothesis on mechanisms underlying Mg(++)'s antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. Gene 2015; 581:1-13. [PMID: 26732303 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence points to magnesium's antioxidant, anti-necrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects in cardio- and neuroprotection. With magnesium being involved in over 300 biochemical reactions, the mechanisms underlying its cytoprotective and antioxidant effects have remained elusive. The profound anti-apoptotic, anabolic, and antioxidant effects of mitochondrion bound hexokinase (MtHk), and the anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and antioxidant functions of mitochondrial creatine kinase (MtCK) have been established over the past few decades. As powerful regulators of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), MtHK and MtCK promote anti-apoptosis and anti-necrosis by stabilizing mitochondrial outer and inner membranes. In this article, it is proposed that magnesium is essentially and directly involved in mitochondrial membrane stabilization via (i) Mg(++) ion requirement for the binding of mitochondrial hexokinase (ii) Mg(++)'s allosteric activation of mitochondrial bound hexokinase, and stimulation of mitochondrial bound creatine kinase activities, and (iii) Mg(++) inhibition of PTP opening by Ca(++) ions. These effects of Mg(++) ions are indirectly supplanted by the stimulatory effect of magnesium on the Akt kinase survival pathway. The "Magnesium/Calcium Yin Yang Hypothesis" proposes here that because of the antagonistic effects of Ca(++) and Mg(++) ions in the presence of high Ca(++) ion concentration at MtHK, MtCK, and PTP, magnesium supplementation may provide cytoprotective effects in the treatment of some degenerative diseases and cytopathies with high intracellular [Ca(++)]/ [Mg(++)] ratio at these sites, whether of genetic, developmental, drug induced, ischemic, immune based, toxic, or infectious etiology.
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Identification of a mitochondrial-binding site on the N-terminal end of hexokinase II. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150047. [PMID: 26182367 PMCID: PMC4613670 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexokinase II (HKII) is responsible for the first step in the glycolysis pathway by adding a phosphate on to the glucose molecule so it can proceed down the pathway to produce the energy for continuous cancer cell growth. Tumour cells overexpress the HKII enzyme. In fact, it is the overexpression of the HKII enzyme that makes the diagnosis of cancer possible when imaged by positron emission tomography (PET). HKII binds to the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) located on the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). When bound to the MOM, HKII is blocking a major cell death pathway. Thus, HKII is responsible for two characteristics of cancer cells, rapid tumour growth and inability of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. One method to identify novel compounds that may interfere with the HKII-VDAC-binding site is to create a molecular model using the crystal structure of HKII. However, the amino acid(s) responsible for HKII binding to VDAC are not known. Therefore, a series of truncations and point mutations were made to the N-terminal end of HKII to identify the binding site to VDAC. Deletions of the first 10 and 20 amino acids indicated that important amino acid(s) for binding were located within the first 10 amino acids. Next, a series of point mutations were made within the first 10 amino acids. It is clear from the immunofluorescence images and immunoblot results that mutating the fifth amino acid from histidine to proline completely abolished binding to the MOM.
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Abstract
Reperfusion is mandatory to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction, but reperfusion per se contributes to injury and ultimate infarct size. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond that by timely reperfusion is needed to reduce infarct size and improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The conditioning phenomena provide such cardioprotection, insofar as brief episodes of coronary occlusion/reperfusion preceding (ischemic preconditioning) or following (ischemic postconditioning) sustained myocardial ischemia with reperfusion reduce infarct size. Even ischemia/reperfusion in organs remote from the heart provides cardioprotection (remote ischemic conditioning). The present review characterizes the signal transduction underlying the conditioning phenomena, including their physical and chemical triggers, intracellular signal transduction, and effector mechanisms, notably in the mitochondria. Cardioprotective signal transduction appears as a highly concerted spatiotemporal program. Although the translation of ischemic postconditioning and remote ischemic conditioning protocols to patients with acute myocardial infarction has been fairly successful, the pharmacological recruitment of cardioprotective signaling has been largely disappointing to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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38
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Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Chinopoulos C, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Pinton P. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: central implication of ATP synthase in mitochondrial permeability transition. Oncogene 2015; 34:1475-86. [PMID: 24727893 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The term mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is commonly used to indicate an abrupt increase in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to low molecular weight solutes. Widespread MPT has catastrophic consequences for the cell, de facto marking the boundary between cellular life and death. MPT results indeed in the structural and functional collapse of mitochondria, an event that commits cells to suicide via regulated necrosis or apoptosis. MPT has a central role in the etiology of both acute and chronic diseases characterized by the loss of post-mitotic cells. Moreover, cancer cells are often relatively insensitive to the induction of MPT, underlying their increased resistance to potentially lethal cues. Thus, intense efforts have been dedicated not only at the understanding of MPT in mechanistic terms, but also at the development of pharmacological MPT modulators. In this setting, multiple mitochondrial and extramitochondrial proteins have been suspected to critically regulate the MPT. So far, however, only peptidylprolyl isomerase F (best known as cyclophilin D) appears to constitute a key component of the so-called permeability transition pore complex (PTPC), the supramolecular entity that is believed to mediate MPT. Here, after reviewing the structural and functional features of the PTPC, we summarize recent findings suggesting that another of its core components is represented by the c subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonora
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - O Kepp
- 1] Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] Metabolomics and Cell Biology platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] Metabolomics and Cell Biology platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [4] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - L Galluzzi
- 1] Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - P Pinton
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Ong SB, Dongworth RK, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Hausenloy DJ. Role of the MPTP in conditioning the heart - translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2074-84. [PMID: 25393318 PMCID: PMC4386982 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been known to be the gatekeepers of cell fate. This is particularly so in the response to acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Following an acute episode of sustained myocardial ischaemia, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the first few minutes of reperfusion, mediates cell death. Preventing MPTP opening at the onset of reperfusion using either pharmacological inhibitors [such as cyclosporin A (CsA) ] or genetic ablation has been reported to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in animal models of acute IRI. Interestingly, the endogenous cardioprotective intervention of ischaemic conditioning, in which the heart is protected against MI by applying cycles of brief ischaemia and reperfusion to either the heart itself or a remote organ or tissue, appears to be mediated through the inhibition of MPTP opening at reperfusion. Small proof‐of‐concept clinical studies have demonstrated the translatability of this therapeutic approach to target MPTP opening using CsA in clinical settings of acute myocardial IRI. However, given that CsA is a not a specific MPTP inhibitor, more novel and specific inhibitors of the MPTP need to be discovered – the molecular identification of the MPTP should facilitate this. In this paper, we review the role of the MPTP as a target for cardioprotection, the potential mechanisms underlying MPTP inhibition in the setting of ischaemic conditioning, and the translatability of MPTP inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the clinical setting. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Ong
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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40
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Nederlof R, Eerbeek O, Hollmann MW, Southworth R, Zuurbier CJ. Targeting hexokinase II to mitochondria to modulate energy metabolism and reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury in heart. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2067-79. [PMID: 24032601 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrially bound hexokinase II (mtHKII) has long been known to confer cancer cells with their resilience against cell death. More recently, mtHKII has emerged as a powerful protector against cardiac cell death. mtHKII protects against ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in skeletal muscle and heart, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling, and is one of the major end-effectors through which ischaemic preconditioning protects against myocardial IR injury. Mechanisms of mtHKII cardioprotection against reperfusion injury entail the maintenance of regulated outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) permeability during ischaemia and reperfusion resulting in stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential, the prevention of OMM breakage and cytochrome C release, and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Increasing mtHK may also have important metabolic consequences, such as improvement of glucose-induced insulin release, prevention of acidosis through enhanced coupling of glycolysis and glucose oxidation, and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Deficiencies in expression and distorted cellular signalling of HKII may contribute to the altered sensitivity of diabetes to cardiac ischaemic diseases. The interaction of HKII with the mitochondrion constitutes a powerful endogenous molecular mechanism to protect against cell death in almost all cell types examined (neurons, tumours, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, heart). The challenge now is to harness mtHKII in the treatment of infarction, stroke, elective surgery and transplantation. Remote ischaemic preconditioning, metformin administration and miR-155/miR-144 manipulations are potential means of doing just that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Nederlof
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Nederlof R, Eerbeek O, Hollmann MW, Southworth R, Zuurbier CJ. Targeting hexokinase II to mitochondria to modulate energy metabolism and reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury in heart. Br J Pharmacol 2014. [PMID: 24032601 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12363];] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrially bound hexokinase II (mtHKII) has long been known to confer cancer cells with their resilience against cell death. More recently, mtHKII has emerged as a powerful protector against cardiac cell death. mtHKII protects against ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in skeletal muscle and heart, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling, and is one of the major end-effectors through which ischaemic preconditioning protects against myocardial IR injury. Mechanisms of mtHKII cardioprotection against reperfusion injury entail the maintenance of regulated outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) permeability during ischaemia and reperfusion resulting in stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential, the prevention of OMM breakage and cytochrome C release, and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Increasing mtHK may also have important metabolic consequences, such as improvement of glucose-induced insulin release, prevention of acidosis through enhanced coupling of glycolysis and glucose oxidation, and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Deficiencies in expression and distorted cellular signalling of HKII may contribute to the altered sensitivity of diabetes to cardiac ischaemic diseases. The interaction of HKII with the mitochondrion constitutes a powerful endogenous molecular mechanism to protect against cell death in almost all cell types examined (neurons, tumours, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, heart). The challenge now is to harness mtHKII in the treatment of infarction, stroke, elective surgery and transplantation. Remote ischaemic preconditioning, metformin administration and miR-155/miR-144 manipulations are potential means of doing just that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Nederlof
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Cardioprotective efficacy depends critically on pharmacological dose, duration of ischaemia, health status of animals and choice of anaesthetic regimen: a case study with folic acid. J Transl Med 2014; 12:325. [PMID: 25432364 PMCID: PMC4265322 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute, high-dose folic acid (FA) administration has recently been shown to possess unprecedented effective cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we explore the translation potential of FA as treatment modality for cardiac I/R. METHODS Dependency of FA protection on dose, ischaemia duration, and eNOS was examined in an isolated mouse heart I/R model, whereas dependency on animal health status and anaesthesia was examined in an in vivo rat model of regional cardiac I/R. RESULTS 50 μM FA provided maximal reduction (by 95%) of I/R-induced cell death following 25 min ischaemia in isolated wild-type hearts, with protection associated with increased coupled eNOS protein. No protection was observed with 35 min I or in eNOS(-/-) hearts. Acute intravenous administration of FA during a 25 min ischaemic period reduced infarct size by 45% in in vivo pentobarbital-anaesthetised young, healthy rats. FA did not reduce infarct size in aged or pre-diabetic rats, although it did preserve hemodynamics in the pre-diabetic rats. Finally, using a clinically-relevant anaesthetic regimen of fentanyl-propofol anaesthesia, FA treatment was ineffective in young, aged and pre-diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS The protective potential of an initially promising cardioprotective treatment of high dose FA against cardiac I/R infarction, is critically dependent on experimental conditions with relevance to the clinical condition. Our data indicates the necessity of expanded pre-clinical testing of cardioprotective interventions before embarking on clinical testing, in order to prevent too many "lost-in-translation" drugs and unnecessary clinical studies.
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43
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Halestrap AP, Pereira GC, Pasdois P. The role of hexokinase in cardioprotection - mechanism and potential for translation. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:2085-100. [PMID: 25204670 PMCID: PMC4386983 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening plays a critical role in cardiac reperfusion injury and its prevention is cardioprotective. Tumour cell mitochondria usually have high levels of hexokinase isoform 2 (HK2) bound to their outer mitochondrial membranes (OMM) and HK2 binding to heart mitochondria has also been implicated in resistance to reperfusion injury. HK2 dissociates from heart mitochondria during ischaemia, and the extent of this correlates with the infarct size on reperfusion. Here we review the mechanisms and regulations of HK2 binding to mitochondria and how this inhibits mPTP opening and consequent reperfusion injury. Major determinants of HK2 dissociation are the elevated glucose‐6‐phosphate concentrations and decreased pH in ischaemia. These are modulated by the myriad of signalling pathways implicated in preconditioning protocols as a result of a decrease in pre‐ischaemic glycogen content. Loss of mitochondrial HK2 during ischaemia is associated with permeabilization of the OMM to cytochrome c, which leads to greater reactive oxygen species production and mPTP opening during reperfusion. Potential interactions between HK2 and OMM proteins associated with mitochondrial fission (e.g. Drp1) and apoptosis (B‐cell lymphoma 2 family members) in these processes are examined. Also considered is the role of HK2 binding in stabilizing contact sites between the OMM and the inner membrane. Breakage of these during ischaemia is proposed to facilitate cytochrome c loss during ischaemia while increasing mPTP opening and compromising cellular bioenergetics during reperfusion. We end by highlighting the many unanswered questions and discussing the potential of modulating mitochondrial HK2 binding as a pharmacological target. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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44
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Roberts DJ, Miyamoto S. Hexokinase II integrates energy metabolism and cellular protection: Akting on mitochondria and TORCing to autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:248-57. [PMID: 25323588 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic and cell survival pathways are closely related, sharing common signaling molecules. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, the rate-limiting first step of glycolysis. Hexokinase II (HK-II) is a predominant isoform in insulin-sensitive tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. It is also upregulated in many types of tumors associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, the Warburg effect. In addition to the fundamental role in glycolysis, HK-II is increasingly recognized as a component of a survival signaling nexus. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the protective role of HK-II, controlling cellular growth, preventing mitochondrial death pathway and enhancing autophagy, with a particular focus on the interaction between HK-II and Akt/mTOR pathway to integrate metabolic status with the control of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Calmettes G, Ribalet B, John S, Korge P, Ping P, Weiss JN. Hexokinases and cardioprotection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 78:107-15. [PMID: 25264175 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As mediators of the first enzymatic step in glucose metabolism, hexokinases (HKs) orchestrate a variety of catabolic and anabolic uses of glucose, regulate antioxidant power by generating NADPH for glutathione reduction, and modulate cell death processes by directly interacting with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a regulatory component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Here we summarize the current state-of-knowledge about HKs and their role in protecting the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, reviewing: 1) the properties of different HK isoforms and how their function is regulated by their subcellular localization; 2) how HKs modulate glucose metabolism and energy production during I/R; 3) the molecular mechanisms by which HKs influence mPTP opening and cellular injury during I/R; and 4) how different metabolic and HK profiles correlate with susceptibility to I/R injury and cardioprotective efficacy in cancer cells, neonatal hearts, and normal, hypertrophied and failing adult hearts, and how these difference may guide novel therapeutic strategies to limit I/R injury in the heart. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Calmettes
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bernard Ribalet
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott John
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paavo Korge
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peipei Ping
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James N Weiss
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Halestrap AP, Richardson AP. The mitochondrial permeability transition: a current perspective on its identity and role in ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 78:129-41. [PMID: 25179911 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a non-specific pore that opens in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) when matrix [Ca(2+)] is high, especially when accompanied by oxidative stress, high [Pi] and adenine nucleotide depletion. Such conditions occur during ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion, when MPTP opening is known to occur and cause irreversible damage to the heart. Matrix cyclophilin D facilitates MPTP opening and is the target of its inhibition by cyclosporin A that is cardioprotective. Less certainty exists over the composition of the pore itself, with structural and/or regulatory roles proposed for the adenine nucleotide translocase, the phosphate carrier and the FoF1 ATP synthase. Here we critically review the supporting data for the role of each and suggest that they may interact with each other through their bound cardiolipin to form the ATP synthasome. We propose that under conditions favouring MPTP opening, calcium-triggered conformational changes in these proteins may perturb the interface between them generating the pore. Proteins associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), such as members of the Bcl-2 family and hexokinase (HK), whilst not directly involved in pore formation, may regulate MPTP opening through interactions between OMM and IMM proteins at "contact sites". Recent evidence suggests that cardioprotective protocols such as preconditioning inhibit MPTP opening at reperfusion by preventing the loss of mitochondrial bound HK2 that stabilises these contact sites. Contact site breakage both sensitises the MPTP to [Ca(2+)] and facilitates cytochrome c loss from the intermembrane space leading to greater ROS production and further MPTP opening. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Andrew P Richardson
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Ong SG, Lee WH, Theodorou L, Kodo K, Lim SY, Shukla DH, Briston T, Kiriakidis S, Ashcroft M, Davidson SM, Maxwell PH, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ. HIF-1 reduces ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the heart by targeting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:24-36. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Calmettes G, John SA, Weiss JN, Ribalet B. Hexokinase-mitochondrial interactions regulate glucose metabolism differentially in adult and neonatal cardiac myocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 142:425-36. [PMID: 24081983 PMCID: PMC3787771 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201310968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian tumor cell lines, localization of hexokinase (HK) isoforms to the cytoplasm or mitochondria has been shown to control their anabolic (glycogen synthesis) and catabolic (glycolysis) activities. In this study, we examined whether HK isoform differences could explain the markedly different metabolic profiles between normal adult and neonatal cardiac tissue. We used a set of novel genetically encoded optical imaging tools to track, in real-time in isolated adult (ARVM) and neonatal (NRVM) rat ventricular myocytes, the subcellular distributions of HKI and HKII, and the functional consequences on glucose utilization. We show that HKII, the predominant isoform in ARVM, dynamically translocates from mitochondria and cytoplasm in response to removal of extracellular glucose or addition of iodoacetate (IAA). In contrast, HKI, the predominant isoform in NRVM, is only bound to mitochondria and is not displaced by the above interventions. In ARVM, overexpression of HKI, but not HKII, increased glycolytic activity. In neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NVRM), knockdown of HKI, but not HKII, decreased glycolytic activity. In conclusion, differential interactions of HKI and HKII with mitochondria underlie the different metabolic profiles of ARVM and NRVM, accounting for the markedly increased glycolytic activity of NRVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Calmettes
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 2 Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and 3 Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Xie C, Kauffman J, Akar FG. Functional crosstalk between the mitochondrial PTP and KATP channels determine arrhythmic vulnerability to oxidative stress. Front Physiol 2014; 5:264. [PMID: 25076913 PMCID: PMC4099963 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is a terminal event leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death under conditions of oxidative stress (OS). However, mPTP blockade with cyclosporine A (CsA) has shown variable efficacy in limiting post-ischemic dysfunction and arrhythmias. We hypothesized that strong feedback between energy dissipating (mPTP) and cardioprotective (mKATP) channels determine vulnerability to OS. Methods and Results: Guinea pig hearts (N = 61) were challenged with H2O2 (200 μM) to elicit mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization. High-resolution optical mapping was used to measure ΔΨm or action potentials (AP) across the intact heart. Hearts were treated with CsA (0.1 μM) under conditions that altered the activity of mKATP channels either directly or indirectly via its regulation by protein kinase C. mPTP blockade with CsA markedly blunted (P < 0.01) OS-induced ΔΨm depolarization and delayed loss of LV pressure (LVP), but did not affect arrhythmia propensity. Surprisingly, prevention of mKATP activation with the chemical phosphatase BDM reversed the protective effect of CsA, paradoxically exacerbating OS-induced ΔΨm depolarization and accelerating arrhythmia onset in CsA treated compared to untreated hearts (P < 0.05). To elucidate the putative molecular mechanisms, mPTP inhibition by CsA was tested during conditions of selective PKC inhibition or direct mKATP channel activation or blockade. Similar to BDM, the specific PKC inhibitor, CHE (10 μM) did not alter OS-induced ΔΨm depolarization directly. However, it completely abrogated CsA-mediated protection against OS. Direct pharmacological blockade of mKATP, a mitochondrial target of PKC signaling, equally abolished the protective effect of CsA on ΔΨm depolarization, whereas channel activation with 30 μM Diazoxide protected against ΔΨm depolarization (P < 0.0001). Conditions that prevented mKATP activation either directly or indirectly via PKC inhibition led to accelerated ΔΨm depolarization and early onset of VF in response to OS. Investigation of the electrophysiological substrate revealed accelerated APD shortening in response to OS in arrhythmia-prone hearts. Conclusions: Cardioprotection by CsA requires mKATP channel activation through a PKC-dependent pathway. Increasing mKATP activity during CsA administration is required for limiting OS-induced electrical dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqin Xie
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Kauffman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA
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Yano T, Ferlito M, Aponte A, Kuno A, Miura T, Murphy E, Steenbergen C. Pivotal role of mTORC2 and involvement of ribosomal protein S6 in cardioprotective signaling. Circ Res 2014; 114:1268-80. [PMID: 24557881 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is tight coupling between Akt activation and suppression of cell death. Full Akt activation requires mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), but the regulation of mTORC2 is unclear. OBJECTIVE To gain new insights into mechanisms of mTORC2/Akt signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS The role of mTORC2 in cardioprotection was examined. In perfused mouse hearts, ischemic preconditioning increased mTORC2 activity, leading to phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473. The protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was lost by pretreatment with dual mTORC inhibitors but not with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, which indicates the fundamental role of mTORC2 activation in cardioprotection. Next, the regulation and downstream targets of mTORC2/Akt signaling were explored. We have found that ischemic preconditioning and other Akt activators (insulin and opioids) result in phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) at Ser235/236 in mouse hearts and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Rps6 interacts with components of mTORC2, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rps6 attenuates insulin-induced mTORC2 activation and Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation. On the other hand, Rps6 overexpression enhanced Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation, indicating that Rps6 activation amplifies mTORC2/Akt signaling. Disruption of the Rps6/mTORC2 pathway by knockdown of Rps6 or rictor abrogated insulin-induced cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Although rapamycin blocks Rps6-dependent mTORC2 activation, mTORC2 is still activated by an alternative signaling pathway, demonstrating the redundancy in cardioprotective signaling. CONCLUSIONS Activation of mTORC2 plays a pivotal role in cardioprotection, and Rps6 is a convergence point of cardioprotective signaling, providing positive feedback regulation of mTORC2/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yano
- From the Department of Pathology (T.Y., C.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Proteomics Core (A.A.) and Systems Biology Center (E.M.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (T.Y., A.K., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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