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Parmar B, Bhatia D. Small Molecular Approaches for Cellular Reprogramming and Tissue Engineering: Functions as Mediators of the Cell Signaling Pathway. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 39312802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in drug screening and cell replacement therapy has emerged as a method with revolutionary applications. With the advent of patient-specific iPSCs and the subsequent development of cells that exhibit disease phenotypes, the focus of medication research will now shift toward the pathology of human diseases. Regular iPSCs can also be utilized to generate cells that assess the negative impacts of medications. These cells provide a much more precise and cost-efficient approach compared to many animal models. In this review, we explore the utilization of small-molecule drugs to enhance the growth of iPSCs and gain insights into the process of reprogramming. We mainly focus on the functions of small molecules in modulating different signaling pathways, thereby modulating cell fate. Understanding the way small molecule drugs interact with iPSC technology has the potential to significantly enhance the understanding of physiological pathways in stem cells and practical applications of iPSC-based therapy and screening systems, revolutionizing the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyesh Parmar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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2
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Albu M, Affolter E, Gentile A, Xu Y, Kikhi K, Howard S, Kuenne C, Priya R, Gunawan F, Stainier DYR. Distinct mechanisms regulate ventricular and atrial chamber wall formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8159. [PMID: 39289341 PMCID: PMC11408654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissues undergo distinct morphogenetic processes to achieve similarly shaped structures. In the heart, cardiomyocytes in both the ventricle and atrium build internal structures for efficient contraction. Ventricular wall formation (trabeculation) is initiated by cardiomyocyte delamination. How cardiomyocytes build the atrial wall is poorly understood. Using longitudinal imaging in zebrafish, we found that at least 25% of the atrial cardiomyocytes elongate along the long axis of the heart. These cell shape changes result in cell intercalation and convergent thickening, leading to the formation of the internal muscle network. We tested factors important for ventricular trabeculation including Nrg/ErbB and Notch signaling and found no evidence for their role in atrial muscle network formation. Instead, our data suggest that atrial cardiomyocyte elongation is regulated by Yap, which has not been implicated in trabeculation. Altogether, these data indicate that distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms build the internal muscle structures in the atrium and ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga Albu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Eileen Affolter
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College, London, UK
| | - Yanli Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Khrievono Kikhi
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Flow Cytometry Service Group, Max Planck for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Howard
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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3
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Mensah IK, Gowher H. Signaling Pathways Governing Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:798. [PMID: 38927734 PMCID: PMC11202427 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the largest cell type that make up the heart and confer beating activity to the heart. The proper differentiation of cardiomyocytes relies on the efficient transmission and perception of differentiation cues from several signaling pathways that influence cardiomyocyte-specific gene expression programs. Signaling pathways also mediate intercellular communications to promote proper cardiomyocyte differentiation. We have reviewed the major signaling pathways involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, including the BMP, Notch, sonic hedgehog, Hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways. Additionally, we highlight the differences between different cardiomyocyte cell lines and the use of these signaling pathways in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes from stem cells. Finally, we conclude by discussing open questions and current gaps in knowledge about the in vitro differentiation of cardiomyocytes and propose new avenues of research to fill those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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4
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Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
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5
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Nappi F. In-Depth Genomic Analysis: The New Challenge in Congenital Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1734. [PMID: 38339013 PMCID: PMC10855915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of next-generation sequencing has provided new insights into the causes and mechanisms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Examinations of the whole exome sequence have detected detrimental gene variations modifying single or contiguous nucleotides, which are characterised as pathogenic based on statistical assessments of families and correlations with congenital heart disease, elevated expression during heart development, and reductions in harmful protein-coding mutations in the general population. Patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities are enriched for gene classes meeting these criteria, supporting a common set of pathways in the organogenesis of CHDs. Single-cell transcriptomics data have revealed the expression of genes associated with CHD in specific cell types, and emerging evidence suggests that genetic mutations disrupt multicellular genes essential for cardiogenesis. Metrics and units are being tracked in whole-genome sequencing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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6
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Shafi O, Siddiqui G, Jaffry HA. The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1245. [PMID: 38110859 PMCID: PMC10726542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions. METHODS Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving cardiac myxoma, cardiac genes/TFs/signaling pathways and their roles in cardiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, key interactions and tumorigenesis, with focus on cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The cardiac genetic landscape is governed by a very tight control between proliferation and differentiation-related genes/TFs/pathways. Cardiac myxoma originates possibly as a consequence of dysregulations in the gene expression of differentiation regulators including Tbx5, GATA4, HAND1/2, MYOCD, HOPX, BMPs. Such dysregulations switch the expression of cardiomyocytes into progenitor-like state in cardiac myxoma development by dysregulating Isl1, Baf60 complex, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Mef2c and others. The Nkx2-5 and MSX2 contribute predominantly to both proliferation and differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs), may possibly serve roles based on the microenvironment and the direction of cell circuitry in cardiac tumorigenesis. The Nkx2-5 in cardiac myxoma may serve to limit progression of tumorigenesis as it has massive control over the proliferation of CPCs. The cardiac cell type-specific genetic programming plays governing role in controlling the tumorigenesis and regenerative potential. CONCLUSION The cardiomyocytes have very limited proliferative and regenerative potential. They survive for long periods of time and tightly maintain the gene expression of differentiation genes such as Tbx5, GATA4 that interact with tumor suppressors (TS) and exert TS like effect. The total effect such gene expression exerts is responsible for the rare occurrence and benign nature of primary cardiac tumors. This prevents the progression of tumorigenesis. But this also limits the regenerative and proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac Myxoma develops as a consequence of dysregulations in these key genes which revert the cells towards progenitor-like state, hallmark of CM. The CM development in carney complex also signifies the role of TS in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hassam A Jaffry
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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7
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Sun J, Wu Q, Wei Y, Zhao W, Lv H, Peng W, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Pan Y, Xue Y. Agaricus bisporus-Derived Glucosamine Hydrochloride Regulates VEGF through BMP Signaling to Promote Zebrafish Vascular Development and Impairment Repair. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2330. [PMID: 38137931 PMCID: PMC10745105 DOI: 10.3390/life13122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) is a natural component of glycoproteins present in almost all human tissues and participates in the construction of human tissues and cell membranes. GAH has a wide range of biological activities, particularly in anti-inflammatory and osteogenic damage repair. At present, little is known about how GAH functions in angiogenesis. To determine the role of GAH on vascular development and impairment repair, we used the inhibitors VRI, DMH1, and dorsomorphin (DM) to construct vascular-impaired models in Tg(kdrl: mCherry) transgenic zebrafish. We then treated with GAH and measured its repair effects on vascular impairment through fluorescence intensity, mRNA, and protein expression levels of vascular-specific markers. Our results indicate that GAH promotes vascular development and repairs impairment by regulating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway through modulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. This study provides an experimental basis for the development of GAH as a drug to repair vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Sun
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Qici Wu
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yuxin Wei
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Haokun Lv
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Wei Peng
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Zhengsen Wang
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yutian Pan
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yu Xue
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
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Martin KE, Ravisankar P, Beerens M, MacRae CA, Waxman JS. Nr2f1a maintains atrial nkx2.5 expression to repress pacemaker identity within venous atrial cardiomyocytes of zebrafish. eLife 2023; 12:e77408. [PMID: 37184369 PMCID: PMC10185342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cardiomyocyte identity is vital for normal heart development and function. However, our understanding of cardiomyocyte plasticity remains incomplete. Here, we show that sustained expression of the zebrafish transcription factor Nr2f1a prevents the progressive acquisition of ventricular cardiomyocyte (VC) and pacemaker cardiomyocyte (PC) identities within distinct regions of the atrium. Transcriptomic analysis of flow-sorted atrial cardiomyocytes (ACs) from nr2f1a mutant zebrafish embryos showed increased VC marker gene expression and altered expression of core PC regulatory genes, including decreased expression of nkx2.5, a critical repressor of PC differentiation. At the arterial (outflow) pole of the atrium in nr2f1a mutants, cardiomyocytes resolve to VC identity within the expanded atrioventricular canal. However, at the venous (inflow) pole of the atrium, there is a progressive wave of AC transdifferentiation into PCs across the atrium toward the arterial pole. Restoring Nkx2.5 is sufficient to repress PC marker identity in nr2f1a mutant atria and analysis of chromatin accessibility identified an Nr2f1a-dependent nkx2.5 enhancer expressed in the atrial myocardium directly adjacent to PCs. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the putative nkx2.5 enhancer leads to a loss of Nkx2.5-expressing ACs and expansion of a PC reporter, supporting that Nr2f1a limits PC differentiation within venous ACs via maintaining nkx2.5 expression. The Nr2f-dependent maintenance of AC identity within discrete atrial compartments may provide insights into the molecular etiology of concurrent structural congenital heart defects and associated arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E Martin
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Padmapriyadarshini Ravisankar
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Manu Beerens
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
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9
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Coppola A, Lombari P, Mazzella E, Capolongo G, Simeoni M, Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Borriello M. Zebrafish as a Model of Cardiac Pathology and Toxicity: Spotlight on Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065656. [PMID: 36982730 PMCID: PMC10052014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health care problem. About 10% of the general population is affected by CKD, representing the sixth cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular events are the main mortality cause in CKD, with a cardiovascular risk 10 times higher in these patients than the rate observed in healthy subjects. The gradual decline of the kidney leads to the accumulation of uremic solutes with a negative effect on every organ, especially on the cardiovascular system. Mammalian models, sharing structural and functional similarities with humans, have been widely used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms and test new therapies, but many of them are rather expensive and difficult to manipulate. Over the last few decades, zebrafish has become a powerful non-mammalian model to study alterations associated with human disease. The high conservation of gene function, low cost, small size, rapid growth, and easiness of genetic manipulation are just some of the features of this experimental model. More specifically, embryonic cardiac development and physiological responses to exposure to numerous toxin substances are similar to those observed in mammals, making zebrafish an ideal model to study cardiac development, toxicity, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Mazzella
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Chestnut B, Klimkaite L, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13065. [PMID: 35906287 PMCID: PMC9338088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells exhibit substantial phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity which is established during early embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing endothelial cell diversity are still not well understood. Zebrafish has emerged as an advantageous model to study vascular development. Despite its importance, the single-cell transcriptomic profile of vascular endothelial cells during zebrafish development is still missing. To address this, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish embryos at the 24 hpf stage. Six distinct clusters or subclusters related to vascular endothelial cells were identified which include arterial, two venous, cranial, endocardial and endothelial progenitor cell subtypes. Furthermore, we validated our findings by characterizing novel markers for arterial, venous, and endocardial cells. We experimentally confirmed the presence of two transcriptionally different venous cell subtypes, demonstrating heterogeneity among venous endothelial cells at this early developmental stage. This dataset will be a valuable resource for future functional characterization of vascular endothelial cells and interrogation of molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of their heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurita Klimkaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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11
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Long C, Guo R, Han R, Li K, Wan Y, Xu J, Gong X, Zhao Y, Yao X, Liu J. Effects of macrophages on the proliferation and cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:108. [PMID: 35850719 PMCID: PMC9290307 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage phenotypes switch from proinflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) following myocardial injury. Implanted stem cells (e.g., induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) for cardiomyogenesis will inevitably contact the inflammatory environment at the myocardial infarction site. To understand how the macrophages affect the behavior of iPSCs, therefore, improve the therapeutic efficacy, we generated three macrophage subtypes and assessed their effects on the proliferation, cardiac differentiation, and maturation of iPSCs. Methods M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were polarized using cytokines, and their properties were confirmed by the expression of specific markers using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence. The effects of macrophages on iPSCs were studied using Transwell co-culture models. The proliferative ability of iPSCs was investigated by cell counting and CCK-8 assays. The cardiac differentiation ability of iPSCs was determined by the cardiomyocyte (CM) yield. The maturation of CM was analyzed by the expression of cardiac-specific genes using RT-qPCR, the sarcomere organization using immunofluorescence, and the mitochondrial function using oxidative respiration analysis. Results The data showed that the co-culture of iPSCs with M0, M1, or M2 macrophages significantly decreased iPSCs’ proliferative ability. M2 macrophages did not affect the CM yield during the cardiac differentiation of iPSCs. Still, they promoted the maturation of CM by improving sarcomeric structures, increasing contractile- and ion transport-associated gene expression, and enhancing mitochondrial respiration. M0 macrophages did not significantly affect the cardiomyogenesis ability of iPSCs during co-culture. In contrast, co-culture with M1 macrophages significantly reduced the cardiac differentiation and maturation of iPSCs. Conclusions M1- or M2-polarized macrophages play critical roles in the proliferation, cardiac differentiation, and maturation of iPSCs, providing knowledge to improve the outcomes of stem cell regeneration therapy. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00916-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijuan Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Wan
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiqing Xu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhuang Yao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Smad-dependent pathways in the infarcted and failing heart. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Capon SJ, Uribe V, Dominado N, Ehrlich O, Smith KA. Endocardial identity is established during early somitogenesis by Bmp signalling acting upstream of npas4l and etv2. Development 2022; 149:275317. [PMID: 35531980 PMCID: PMC9148566 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The endocardium plays important roles in the development and function of the vertebrate heart; however, few molecular markers of this tissue have been identified and little is known about what regulates its differentiation. Here, we describe the Gt(SAGFF27C); Tg(4xUAS:egfp) line as a marker of endocardial development in zebrafish. Transcriptomic comparison between endocardium and pan-endothelium confirms molecular distinction between these populations and time-course analysis suggests differentiation as early as eight somites. To investigate what regulates endocardial identity, we employed npas4l, etv2 and scl loss-of-function models. Endocardial expression is lost in npas4l mutants, significantly reduced in etv2 mutants and only modestly affected upon scl loss-of-function. Bmp signalling was also examined: overactivation of Bmp signalling increased endocardial expression, whereas Bmp inhibition decreased expression. Finally, epistasis experiments showed that overactivation of Bmp signalling was incapable of restoring endocardial expression in etv2 mutants. By contrast, overexpression of either npas4l or etv2 was sufficient to rescue endocardial expression upon Bmp inhibition. Together, these results describe the differentiation of the endocardium, distinct from vasculature, and place npas4l and etv2 downstream of Bmp signalling in regulating its differentiation. Summary: A zebrafish transgenic reporter of the endocardium is identified, permitting transcriptomic analysis and identification of new endocardial markers. Epistasis experiments demonstrate npas4l and etv2 act downstream of Bmp signalling to regulate endocardial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Capon
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Veronica Uribe
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicole Dominado
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ophelia Ehrlich
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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14
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Helle E, Ampuja M, Dainis A, Antola L, Temmes E, Tolvanen E, Mervaala E, Kivelä R. HiPS-Endothelial Cells Acquire Cardiac Endothelial Phenotype in Co-culture With hiPS-Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715093. [PMID: 34422835 PMCID: PMC8378235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are crucial for organ development and function. In the heart, endothelial cells engage in bidirectional communication with cardiomyocytes regulating cardiac development and growth. We aimed to elucidate the organotypic development of cardiac endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell crosstalk using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed with hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) and endothelial cells (hiPS-ECs) in mono- and co-culture. The presence of hiPS-CMs led to increased expression of transcripts related to vascular development and maturation, cardiac development, as well as cardiac endothelial cell and endocardium-specific genes in hiPS-ECs. Interestingly, co-culture induced the expression of cardiomyocyte myofibrillar genes and MYL7 and MYL4 protein expression was detected in hiPS-ECs. Major regulators of BMP- and Notch-signaling pathways were induced in both cell types in co-culture. These results reflect the findings from animal studies and extend them to human endothelial cells, demonstrating the importance of EC-CM interactions during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Helle
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Ampuja
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Dainis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura Antola
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Temmes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Samaria Health Centre, Espoo, Finland
| | - Erik Tolvanen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common valvular congenital heart disease, with a prevalence of 0.5 to 2% in the general population. Patients with BAV are at risk for developing cardiovascular complications, some of which are life-threatening. BAV has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from silent malformation to severe and even fatal cardiac events. Despite the significant burden on both the patients and the health systems, data are limited regarding pathophysiology, risk factors, and genetics. Family studies indicate that BAV is highly heritable, with autosomal dominant inheritance, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and male predominance. Owing to its complex genetic model, including high genetic heterogenicity, only a few genes were identified in association with BAV, while the majority of BAV genetics remains obscure. Here, we review the different forms of BAV and the current data regarding its genetics. Given the clear heritably of BAV with the potential high impact on clinical outcome, the clinical value and cost effectiveness of cascade screening are discussed.
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16
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Wang W, Hu YF, Pang M, Chang N, Yu C, Li Q, Xiong JW, Peng Y, Zhang R. BMP and Notch Signaling Pathways differentially regulate Cardiomyocyte Proliferation during Ventricle Regeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2157-2166. [PMID: 34239346 PMCID: PMC8241734 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian hearts show limited capacity to proliferate after injury, while zebrafish are capable to completely regenerate injured hearts through the proliferation of spared cardiomyocytes. BMP and Notch signaling pathways have been implicated in cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism underneath this process as well as the interaction between these two pathways remains to be further explored. In this study we showed BMP signaling was activated after ventricle ablation and acted epistatic downstream of Notch signaling. Inhibition of both signaling pathways differentially influenced ventricle regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation, as revealed by time-lapse analysis using a cardiomyocyte-specific FUCCI (fluorescent ubiquitylation-based cell cycle indicator) system. Further experiments revealed that inhibition of BMP and Notch signaling led to cell-cycle arrest at different phases. Overall, our results shed light on the interaction between BMP and Notch signaling pathways and their functions in cardiomyocyte proliferation during cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meijun Pang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Martin KE, Waxman JS. Atrial and Sinoatrial Node Development in the Zebrafish Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020015. [PMID: 33572147 PMCID: PMC7914448 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper development and function of the vertebrate heart is vital for embryonic and postnatal life. Many congenital heart defects in humans are associated with disruption of genes that direct the formation or maintenance of atrial and pacemaker cardiomyocytes at the venous pole of the heart. Zebrafish are an outstanding model for studying vertebrate cardiogenesis, due to the conservation of molecular mechanisms underlying early heart development, external development, and ease of genetic manipulation. Here, we discuss early developmental mechanisms that instruct appropriate formation of the venous pole in zebrafish embryos. We primarily focus on signals that determine atrial chamber size and the specialized pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node through directing proper specification and differentiation, as well as contemporary insights into the plasticity and maintenance of cardiomyocyte identity in embryonic zebrafish hearts. Finally, we integrate how these insights into zebrafish cardiogenesis can serve as models for human atrial defects and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E. Martin
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Yao Y, Marra AN, Yelon D. Pathways Regulating Establishment and Maintenance of Cardiac Chamber Identity in Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33572830 PMCID: PMC7912383 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate heart is comprised of two types of chambers-ventricles and atria-that have unique morphological and physiological properties. Effective cardiac function depends upon the distinct characteristics of ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes, raising interest in the genetic pathways that regulate chamber-specific traits. Chamber identity seems to be specified in the early embryo by signals that establish ventricular and atrial progenitor populations and trigger distinct differentiation pathways. Intriguingly, chamber-specific features appear to require active reinforcement, even after myocardial differentiation is underway, suggesting plasticity of chamber identity within the developing heart. Here, we review the utility of the zebrafish as a model organism for studying the mechanisms that establish and maintain cardiac chamber identity. By combining genetic and embryological approaches, work in zebrafish has revealed multiple players with potent influences on chamber fate specification and commitment. Going forward, analysis of cardiomyocyte identity at the single-cell level is likely to yield a high-resolution understanding of the pathways that link the relevant players together, and these insights will have the potential to inform future strategies in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (Y.Y.); (A.N.M.)
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19
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Ka J, Kim JD, Pak B, Han O, Choi W, Kim H, Jin SW. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Restricts Proximodistal Extension of the Ventral Fin Fold. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603306. [PMID: 33330499 PMCID: PMC7734333 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpaired fins, which are the most ancient form of locomotory appendages in chordates, had emerged at least 500 million years ago. While it has been suggested that unpaired fins and paired fins share structural similarities, cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the outgrowth of the former have not been fully elucidated yet. Using the ventral fin fold in zebrafish as a model, here, we investigate how the outgrowth of the unpaired fin is modulated. We show that Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling restricts extension of the ventral fin fold along the proximodistal axis by modulating diverse aspects of cellular behaviors. We find that lack of BMP signaling, either caused by genetic or chemical manipulation, prolongs the proliferative capacity of epithelial cells and substantially increases the number of cells within the ventral fin fold. In addition, inhibition of BMP signaling attenuates the innate propensity of cell division along the anteroposterior axis and shifts the orientation of cell division toward the proximodistal axis. Moreover, abrogating BMP signaling appears to induce excessive distal migration of cells within the ventral fin fold, and therefore precipitates extension along the proximodistal axis. Taken together, our data suggest that BMP signaling restricts the outgrowth of the ventral fin fold during zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ka
- School of Life Sciences, Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Dae Kim
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Boryeong Pak
- School of Life Sciences, Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Orjin Han
- School of Life Sciences, Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Woosoung Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hwan Kim
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Central Research Facilities, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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20
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Rogers KW, ElGamacy M, Jordan BM, Müller P. Optogenetic investigation of BMP target gene expression diversity. eLife 2020; 9:58641. [PMID: 33174840 PMCID: PMC7728441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling molecules activate distinct patterns of gene expression to coordinate embryogenesis, but how spatiotemporal expression diversity is generated is an open question. In zebrafish, a BMP signaling gradient patterns the dorsal-ventral axis. We systematically identified target genes responding to BMP and found that they have diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns. Transcriptional responses to optogenetically delivered high- and low-amplitude BMP signaling pulses indicate that spatiotemporal expression is not fully defined by different BMP signaling activation thresholds. Additionally, we observed negligible correlations between spatiotemporal expression and transcription kinetics for the majority of analyzed genes in response to BMP signaling pulses. In contrast, spatial differences between BMP target genes largely collapsed when FGF and Nodal signaling were inhibited. Our results suggest that, similar to other patterning systems, combinatorial signaling is likely to be a major driver of spatial diversity in BMP-dependent gene expression in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Rogers
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad ElGamacy
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Heliopolis Biotechnology Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M Jordan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Patrick Müller
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Li R, Zupanic A, Talikka M, Belcastro V, Madan S, Dörpinghaus J, Berg CV, Szostak J, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems Toxicology Approach for Testing Chemical Cardiotoxicity in Larval Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2550-2564. [PMID: 32638588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomic approaches can give insight into molecular mechanisms underlying chemical toxicity and are increasingly being used as part of toxicological assessments. To aid the interpretation of transcriptomic data, we have developed a systems toxicology method that relies on a computable biological network model. We created the first network model describing cardiotoxicity in zebrafish larvae-a valuable emerging model species in testing cardiotoxicity associated with drugs and chemicals. The network is based on scientific literature and represents hierarchical molecular pathways that lead from receptor activation to cardiac pathologies. To test the ability of our approach to detect cardiotoxic outcomes from transcriptomic data, we have selected three publicly available data sets that reported chemically induced heart pathologies in zebrafish larvae for five different chemicals. Network-based analysis detected cardiac perturbations for four out of five chemicals tested, for two of them using transcriptomic data collected up to 3 days before the onset of a visible phenotype. Additionally, we identified distinct molecular pathways that were activated by the different chemicals. The results demonstrate that the proposed integrational method can be used for evaluating the effects of chemicals on the zebrafish cardiac function and, together with observed cardiac apical end points, can provide a comprehensive method for connecting molecular events to organ toxicity. The computable network model is freely available and may be used to generate mechanistic hypotheses and quantifiable perturbation values from any zebrafish transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Li
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Belcastro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sumit Madan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin 53754, Germany
| | - Jens Dörpinghaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin 53754, Germany
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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22
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Santos-Ledo A, Washer S, Dhanaseelan T, Eley L, Alqatani A, Chrystal PW, Papoutsi T, Henderson DJ, Chaudhry B. Alternative splicing of jnk1a in zebrafish determines first heart field ventricular cardiomyocyte numbers through modulation of hand2 expression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008782. [PMID: 32421721 PMCID: PMC7259801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The planar cell polarity pathway is required for heart development and whilst the functions of most pathway members are known, the roles of the jnk genes in cardiac morphogenesis remain unknown as mouse mutants exhibit functional redundancy, with early embryonic lethality of compound mutants. In this study zebrafish were used to overcome early embryonic lethality in mouse models and establish the requirement for Jnk in heart development. Whole mount in-situ hybridisation and RT-PCR demonstrated that evolutionarily conserved alternative spliced jnk1a and jnk1b transcripts were expressed in the early developing heart. Maternal zygotic null mutant zebrafish lines for jnk1a and jnk1b, generated using CRISPR-Cas9, revealed a requirement for jnk1a in formation of the proximal, first heart field (FHF)-derived portion of the cardiac ventricular chamber. Rescue of the jnk1a mutant cardiac phenotype was only possible by injection of the jnk1a EX7 Lg alternatively spliced transcript. Analysis of mutants indicated that there was a reduction in the size of the hand2 expression field in jnk1a mutants which led to a specific reduction in FHF ventricular cardiomyocytes within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Moreover, the jnk1a mutant ventricular defect could be rescued by injection of hand2 mRNA. This study reveals a novel and critical requirement for Jnk1 in heart development and highlights the importance of alternative splicing in vertebrate cardiac morphogenesis. Genetic pathways functioning through jnk1 may be important in human heart malformations with left ventricular hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Santos-Ledo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Washer
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Tamil Dhanaseelan
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Eley
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Ahlam Alqatani
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Chrystal
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Papoutsi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J. Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Chaudhry
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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23
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Rajderkar S, Mann JM, Panaretos C, Yumoto K, Li HD, Mishina Y, Ralston B, Kaartinen V. Trim33 is required for appropriate development of pre-cardiogenic mesoderm. Dev Biol 2019; 450:101-114. [PMID: 30940539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cardiac malformations are among the most common birth defects in humans. Here we show that Trim33, a member of the Tif1 subfamily of tripartite domain containing transcriptional cofactors, is required for appropriate differentiation of the pre-cardiogenic mesoderm during a narrow time window in late gastrulation. While mesoderm-specific Trim33 mutants did not display noticeable phenotypes, epiblast-specific Trim33 mutant embryos developed ventricular septal defects, showed sparse trabeculation and abnormally thin compact myocardium, and died as a result of cardiac failure during late gestation. Differentiating embryoid bodies deficient in Trim33 showed an enrichment of gene sets associated with cardiac differentiation and contractility, while the total number of cardiac precursor cells was reduced. Concordantly, cardiac progenitor cell proliferation was reduced in Trim33-deficient embryos. ChIP-Seq performed using antibodies against Trim33 in differentiating embryoid bodies revealed more than 4000 peaks, which were significantly enriched close to genes implicated in stem cell maintenance and mesoderm development. Nearly half of the Trim33 peaks overlapped with binding sites of the Ctcf insulator protein. Our results suggest that Trim33 is required for appropriate differentiation of precardiogenic mesoderm during late gastrulation and that it will likely mediate some of its functions via multi-protein complexes, many of which include the chromatin architectural and insulator protein Ctcf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Rajderkar
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Mann
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Panaretos
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hong-Dong Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Ralston
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Copy number variation analysis in bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy identifies TBX20 as a contributing gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1033-1043. [PMID: 30820038 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect (CHD), affecting 1-2% of the population. BAV is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). Deleterious copy number variations (CNVs) were found previously in up to 10% of CHD cases. This study aimed at unravelling the contribution of deleterious deletions or duplications in 95 unrelated BAV/TAA patients. Seven unique or rare CNVs were validated, harbouring protein-coding genes with a role in the cardiovascular system. Based on the presence of overlapping CNVs in patients with cardiovascular phenotypes in the DECIPHER database, the identification of similar CNVs in whole-exome sequencing data of 67 BAV/TAA patients and suggested topological domain involvement from Hi-C data, supportive evidence was obtained for two genes (DGCR6 and TBX20) of the seven initially validated CNVs. A rare variant burden analysis using next-generation sequencing data from 637 BAV/TAA patients was performed for these two candidate genes. This revealed a suggestive genetic role for TBX20 in BAV/TAA aetiology, further reinforced by segregation of a rare TBX20 variant with the phenotype within a BAV/TAA family. To conclude, our results do not confirm a significant contribution for deleterious CNVs in BAV/TAA as only one potentially pathogenic CNV (1.05%) was identified. We cannot exclude the possibility that BAV/TAA is occasionally attributed to causal CNVs though, or that certain CNVs act as genetic risk factors by creating a sensitised background for BAV/TAA. Finally, accumulative evidence for TBX20 involvement in BAV/TAA aetiology underlines the importance of this transcription factor in cardiovascular disease.
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25
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT By compiling findings from recent studies, this review will garner novel insight on the dynamic and complex role of BMP signaling in diseases of inflammation, highlighting the specific roles played by both individual ligands and endogenous antagonists. Ultimately, this summary will help inform the high therapeutic value of targeting this pathway for modulating diseases of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
Medicine and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
Medicine and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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26
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Qin H, Zhao A, Fu X. Chemical modulation of cell fates: in situ regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:1137-1150. [PMID: 30099708 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modulation of cell fates has been widely used to promote tissue and organ regeneration. Small molecules can target the self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and survival of endogenous stem cells for enhancing their regenerative power or induce dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation of mature cells into proliferative progenitors or specialized cell types needed for regeneration. Here, we discuss current progress and potential using small molecules to promote in vivo regenerative processes by regulating the cell fate. Current studies of small molecules in regeneration will provide insights into developing safe and efficient chemical approaches for in situ tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Cell Biology and Tissue Repair Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA, the First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Andong Zhao
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Cell Biology and Tissue Repair Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA, the First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Cell Biology and Tissue Repair Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA, the First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China. .,College of Life Sciences, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, China.
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27
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Fukui H, Miyazaki T, Chow RWY, Ishikawa H, Nakajima H, Vermot J, Mochizuki N. Hippo signaling determines the number of venous pole cells that originate from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm in zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:29106. [PMID: 29809141 PMCID: PMC5995544 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of the lateral plate mesoderm cells into heart field cells constitutes a critical step in the development of cardiac tissue and the genesis of functional cardiomyocytes. Hippo signaling controls cardiomyocyte proliferation, but the role of Hippo signaling during early cardiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that Hippo signaling regulates atrial cell number by specifying the developmental potential of cells within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM), which are incorporated into the venous pole of the heart tube and ultimately into the atrium of the heart. We demonstrate that Hippo signaling acts through large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 to modulate BMP signaling and the expression of hand2, a key transcription factor that is involved in the differentiation of atrial cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Hippo signaling defines venous pole cardiomyocyte number by modulating both the number and the identity of the ALPM cells that will populate the atrium of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Fukui
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Renee Wei-Yan Chow
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,AMED-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Duong TB, Ravisankar P, Song YC, Gafranek JT, Rydeen AB, Dohn TE, Barske LA, Crump JG, Waxman JS. Nr2f1a balances atrial chamber and atrioventricular canal size via BMP signaling-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Dev Biol 2017; 434:7-14. [PMID: 29157563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Determination of appropriate chamber size is critical for normal vertebrate heart development. Although Nr2f transcription factors promote atrial maintenance and differentiation, how they determine atrial size remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish Nr2f1a is expressed in differentiating atrial cardiomyocytes. Zebrafish nr2f1a mutants have smaller atria due to a specific reduction in atrial cardiomyocyte (AC) number, suggesting it has similar requirements to Nr2f2 in mammals. Furthermore, the smaller atria in nr2f1a mutants are derived from distinct mechanisms that perturb AC differentiation at the chamber poles. At the venous pole, Nr2f1a enhances the rate of AC differentiation. Nr2f1a also establishes the atrial-atrioventricular canal (AVC) border through promoting the differentiation of mature ACs. Without Nr2f1a, AVC markers are expanded into the atrium, resulting in enlarged endocardial cushions (ECs). Inhibition of Bmp signaling can restore EC development, but not AC number, suggesting that Nr2f1a concomitantly coordinates atrial and AVC size through both Bmp-dependent and independent mechanisms. These findings provide insight into conserved functions of Nr2f proteins and the etiology of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) associated with NR2F2 mutations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany B Duong
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Master's Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Padmapriyadarshini Ravisankar
- The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yuntao Charlie Song
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jacob T Gafranek
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ariel B Rydeen
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tracy E Dohn
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lindsey A Barske
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Developmental Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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29
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Hu H, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Feng L, Duan J, Sun Z. Microarray-based bioinformatics analysis of the combined effects of SiNPs and PbAc on cardiovascular system in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1298-1309. [PMID: 28679150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With rapid development of nanotechnology and growing environmental pollution, the combined toxic effects of SiNPs and pollutants of heavy metals like lead have received global attentions. The aim of this study was to explore the cardiovascular effects of the co-exposure of SiNPs and lead acetate (PbAc) in zebrafish using microarray and bioinformatics analysis. Although there was no other obvious cardiovascular malformation except bleeding phenotype, bradycardia, angiogenesis inhibition and declined cardiac output in zebrafish co-exposed of SiNPs and PbAc at NOAEL level, significant changes were observed in mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. STC-GO analysis indicated that the co-exposure might have more toxic effects on cardiovascular system than that exposure alone. Key differentially expressed genes were discerned out based on the Dynamic-gene-network, including stxbp1a, ndfip2, celf4 and gsk3b. Furthermore, several miRNAs obtained from the miRNA-Gene-Network might play crucial roles in cardiovascular disease, such as dre-miR-93, dre-miR-34a, dre-miR-181c, dre-miR-7145, dre-miR-730, dre-miR-129-5p, dre-miR-19d, dre-miR-218b, dre-miR-221. Besides, the analysis of miRNA-pathway-network indicated that the zebrafish were stimulated by the co-exposure of SiNPs and PbAc, which might cause the disturbance of calcium homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. As a result, cardiac muscle contraction might be deteriorated. In general, our data provide abundant fundamental research clues to the combined toxicity of environmental pollutants and further in-depth verifications are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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30
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Burkhard S, van Eif V, Garric L, Christoffels VM, Bakkers J. On the Evolution of the Cardiac Pacemaker. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4020004. [PMID: 29367536 PMCID: PMC5715705 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythmic contraction of the heart is initiated and controlled by an intrinsic pacemaker system. Cardiac contractions commence at very early embryonic stages and coordination remains crucial for survival. The underlying molecular mechanisms of pacemaker cell development and function are still not fully understood. Heart form and function show high evolutionary conservation. Even in simple contractile cardiac tubes in primitive invertebrates, cardiac function is controlled by intrinsic, autonomous pacemaker cells. Understanding the evolutionary origin and development of cardiac pacemaker cells will help us outline the important pathways and factors involved. Key patterning factors, such as the homeodomain transcription factors Nkx2.5 and Shox2, and the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet-1, components of the T-box (Tbx), and bone morphogenic protein (Bmp) families are well conserved. Here we compare the dominant pacemaking systems in various organisms with respect to the underlying molecular regulation. Comparative analysis of the pathways involved in patterning the pacemaker domain in an evolutionary context might help us outline a common fundamental pacemaker cell gene programme. Special focus is given to pacemaker development in zebrafish, an extensively used model for vertebrate development. Finally, we conclude with a summary of highly conserved key factors in pacemaker cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Burkhard
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent van Eif
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laurence Garric
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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31
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Bylund JB, Trinh LT, Awgulewitsch CP, Paik DT, Jetter C, Jha R, Zhang J, Nolan K, Xu C, Thompson TB, Kamp TJ, Hatzopoulos AK. Coordinated Proliferation and Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells Depend on Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Regulation by GREMLIN 2. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:678-693. [PMID: 28125926 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart development depends on coordinated proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), but how the two processes are synchronized is not well understood. Here, we show that the secreted Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) antagonist GREMLIN 2 (GREM2) is induced in CPCs shortly after cardiac mesoderm specification during differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. GREM2 expression follows cardiac lineage differentiation independently of the differentiation method used, or the origin of the pluripotent stem cells, suggesting that GREM2 is linked to cardiogenesis. Addition of GREM2 protein strongly increases cardiomyocyte output compared to established procardiogenic differentiation methods. Our data show that inhibition of canonical BMP signaling by GREM2 is necessary to promote proliferation of CPCs. However, canonical BMP signaling inhibition alone is not sufficient to induce cardiac differentiation, which depends on subsequent JNK pathway activation specifically by GREM2. These findings may have broader implications in the design of approaches to orchestrate growth and differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived lineages that depend on precise regulation of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery B Bylund
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Linh T Trinh
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cassandra P Awgulewitsch
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David T Paik
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,3 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher Jetter
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rajneesh Jha
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- 5 Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kristof Nolan
- 6 Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chunhui Xu
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- 6 Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- 5 Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,3 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
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32
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Burggren WW, Dubansky B, Bautista NM. Cardiovascular Development in Embryonic and Larval Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Yang J, Wang J, Zeng Z, Qiao L, Zhuang L, Jiang L, Wei J, Ma Q, Wu M, Ye S, Gao Q, Ma D, Huang X. Smad4 is required for the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle in zebrafish. Differentiation 2016; 92:161-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Sanders LN, Schoenhard JA, Saleh MA, Mukherjee A, Ryzhov S, McMaster WG, Nolan K, Gumina RJ, Thompson TB, Magnuson MA, Harrison DG, Hatzopoulos AK. BMP Antagonist Gremlin 2 Limits Inflammation After Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2016; 119:434-49. [PMID: 27283840 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have recently shown that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist Gremlin 2 (Grem2) is required for early cardiac development and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Our initial studies discovered that Grem2 is strongly induced in the adult heart after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). However, the function of Grem2 and BMP-signaling inhibitors after cardiac injury is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Grem2 during cardiac repair and assess its potential to improve ventricular function after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Our data show that Grem2 is transiently induced after MI in peri-infarct area cardiomyocytes during the inflammatory phase of cardiac tissue repair. By engineering loss- (Grem2(-/-)) and gain- (TG(Grem2)) of-Grem2-function mice, we discovered that Grem2 controls the magnitude of the inflammatory response and limits infiltration of inflammatory cells in peri-infarct ventricular tissue, improving cardiac function. Excessive inflammation in Grem2(-/-) mice after MI was because of overactivation of canonical BMP signaling, as proven by the rescue of the inflammatory phenotype through administration of the canonical BMP inhibitor, DMH1. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of Grem2 protein in wild-type mice was sufficient to reduce inflammation after MI. Cellular analyses showed that BMP2 acts with TNFα to induce expression of proinflammatory proteins in endothelial cells and promote adhesion of leukocytes, whereas Grem2 specifically inhibits the BMP2 effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Grem2 provides a molecular barrier that controls the magnitude and extent of inflammatory cell infiltration by suppressing canonical BMP signaling, thereby providing a novel mechanism for limiting the adverse effects of excessive inflammation after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehanna N Sanders
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - John A Schoenhard
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - William G McMaster
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Kristof Nolan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Richard J Gumina
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.)
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.N.S., J.A.S., A.M., R.J.G., A.K.H.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.N.S., A.K.H.), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.A.S., W.G.M., D.G.H.), and Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery (W.G.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.R.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, OH (K.N., T.B.T.); CentraCare Health, St. Cloud, MN (J.A.S.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (A.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.A.M.).
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Nitzan E, Avraham O, Kahane N, Ofek S, Kumar D, Kalcheim C. Dynamics of BMP and Hes1/Hairy1 signaling in the dorsal neural tube underlies the transition from neural crest to definitive roof plate. BMC Biol 2016; 14:23. [PMID: 27012662 PMCID: PMC4806459 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dorsal midline region of the neural tube that results from closure of the neural folds is generally termed the roof plate (RP). However, this domain is highly dynamic and complex, and is first transiently inhabited by prospective neural crest (NC) cells that sequentially emigrate from the neuroepithelium. It only later becomes the definitive RP, the dorsal midline cells of the spinal cord. We previously showed that at the trunk level of the axis, prospective RP progenitors originate ventral to the premigratory NC and progressively reach the dorsal midline following NC emigration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the end of NC production and formation of the definitive RP remain virtually unknown. RESULTS Based on distinctive cellular and molecular traits, we have defined an initial NC and a subsequent RP stage, allowing us to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the transition between the two phases. We demonstrate that in spite of the constant production of BMP4 in the dorsal tube at both stages, RP progenitors only transiently respond to the ligand and lose competence shortly before they arrive at their final location. In addition, exposure of dorsal tube cells at the NC stage to high levels of BMP signaling induces premature RP traits, such as Hes1/Hairy1, while concomitantly inhibiting NC production. Reciprocally, early inhibition of BMP signaling prevents Hairy1 mRNA expression at the RP stage altogether, suggesting that BMP is both necessary and sufficient for the development of this RP-specific trait. Furthermore, when Hes1/Hairy1 is misexpressed at the NC stage, it inhibits BMP signaling and downregulates BMPR1A/Alk3 mRNA expression, transcription of BMP targets such as Foxd3, cell-cycle progression, and NC emigration. Reciprocally, Foxd3 inhibits Hairy1, suggesting that repressive cross-interactions at the level of, and downstream from, BMP ensure the temporal separation between both lineages. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that BMP signaling is important both for NC and RP formation. Given that these two structures develop sequentially, we speculate that the longer exposure of RP progenitors to BMP compared with that of premigratory NC cells may be translated into a higher signaling level in the former. This induces changes in responsiveness to BMP, most likely by downregulating the expression of Alk3 receptors and, consequently, of BMP-dependent downstream transcription factors, which exhibit spatial complementary expression patterns and mutually repress each other to generate alternative fates. This molecular dynamic is likely to account for the transition between the NC and definitive RP stages and thus be responsible for the segregation between central and peripheral lineages during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Nitzan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC and ELSC, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102,, PO Box 12272,, Israel.,Present Address: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oshri Avraham
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC and ELSC, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102,, PO Box 12272,, Israel.,Present address: Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nitza Kahane
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC and ELSC, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102,, PO Box 12272,, Israel
| | - Shai Ofek
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC and ELSC, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102,, PO Box 12272,, Israel
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC and ELSC, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102,, PO Box 12272,, Israel
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC and ELSC, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102,, PO Box 12272,, Israel.
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36
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Wu Y, Zhou X, Huang X, Xia Q, Chen Z, Zhang X, Yang D, Geng YJ. Pax8 plays a pivotal role in regulation of cardiomyocyte growth and senescence. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:644-54. [PMID: 26781745 PMCID: PMC5125375 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a worldwide health problem, particularly in young populations. In spite of the advancement and progress in medical research and technology, the underlying causative factors and mechanisms of CHD still remain unclear. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA (ALK3) mediates the development of ventricular septal defect (VSD). We have recently found that paired box gene 8 (Pax8) may be the downstream molecule of ALK3. Paired box gene 8 plays an essential role in VSD, and apoptosis and proliferation imbalance leads to septal dysplasia. Recent studies have also disclosed that cellular senescence also participates in embryonic development. Whether programmed senescence exists in cardiac organogenesis has not ever been reported. We hypothesized that together with various biological processes, such as apoptosis, enhanced cellular senescence may occur actively in the development of Pax8 null mice murine hearts. In H9C2 myogenic cells, Pax8 overexpression can rescue caspase‐dependent apoptosis induced by ALK3 silencing. Senescent cells and senescence‐associated mediators in Pax8 knockout hearts increased compared with the wild‐type ones in an age‐dependent manner. These results suggest that Pax8 maybe the downstream molecule of ALK3, it mediates the murine heart development perhaps via cellular senescence, which may serve as a mechanism that compensates for the cell loss via apoptosis in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Xia
- Division of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deye Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-jian Geng
- The University of Texas School of Medicine at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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37
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Caporilli S, Latinkic BV. Ventricular cell fate can be specified until the onset of myocardial differentiation. Mech Dev 2016; 139:31-41. [PMID: 26776863 PMCID: PMC4798847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that govern specification of various cell types that constitute vertebrate heart are not fully understood. Whilst most studies of heart development have utilised the mouse embryo, we have used an alternative model, embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis, which permits direct experimental manipulation of a non-essential heart. We show that in this model pluripotent animal cap explants injected with cardiogenic factor GATA4 mRNA express pan-myocardial as well as ventricular and proepicardial markers. We found that cardiac cell fate diversification, as assessed by ventricular and proepicardial markers, critically depends on tissue integrity, as it is disrupted by dissociation but can be fully restored by inhibition of the BMP pathway and partially by Dkk-1. Ventricular and proepicardial cell fates can also be restored in reaggregated GATA4-expressing cells upon transplantation into a host embryo. The competence of the host embryo to induce ventricular and proepicardial markers gradually decreases with the age of the transplant and is lost by the onset of myocardial differentiation at the late tailbud stage (st. 28). The influence of the host on the transplant was not limited to diversification of cardiac cell fates, but also included induction of growth and rhythmic beating, resulting in generation of a secondary heart-like structure. Our results additionally show that efficient generation of secondary heart requires normal axial patterning of the host embryo. Furthermore, secondary hearts can be induced in a wide range of locations within the host, arguing that the host embryo provides a permissive environment for development of cardiac patterning, growth and physiological maturation. Our results have implications for a major goal of cardiac regenerative medicine, differentiation of ventricular myocardium. Ventricular and proepicardial fate can be induced by cardiogenic factor GATA4. This process requires tissue integrity. Ventricular and proepicardial cell fate can be restored by BMP inhibition. A secondary heart-like structure can be induced from GATA4-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporilli
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Branko V Latinkic
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
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38
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Wu CC, Kruse F, Vasudevarao MD, Junker JP, Zebrowski DC, Fischer K, Noël ES, Grün D, Berezikov E, Engel FB, van Oudenaarden A, Weidinger G, Bakkers J. Spatially Resolved Genome-wide Transcriptional Profiling Identifies BMP Signaling as Essential Regulator of Zebrafish Cardiomyocyte Regeneration. Dev Cell 2015; 36:36-49. [PMID: 26748692 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, zebrafish regenerate heart injuries via proliferation of cardiomyocytes located near the wound border. To identify regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation, we used spatially resolved RNA sequencing (tomo-seq) and generated a high-resolution genome-wide atlas of gene expression in the regenerating zebrafish heart. Interestingly, we identified two wound border zones with distinct expression profiles, including the re-expression of embryonic cardiac genes and targets of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Endogenous BMP signaling has been reported to be detrimental to mammalian cardiac repair. In contrast, we find that genetic or chemical inhibition of BMP signaling in zebrafish reduces cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation, ultimately compromising myocardial regeneration, while bmp2b overexpression is sufficient to enhance it. Our results provide a resource for further studies on the molecular regulation of cardiac regeneration and reveal intriguing differential cellular responses of cardiomyocytes to a conserved signaling pathway in regenerative versus non-regenerative hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chung Wu
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Kruse
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David C Zebrowski
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emily S Noël
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic Grün
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Novaya Street 100, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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39
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García de Vinuesa A, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Knaus P, Zwijsen A, Bailly S. BMP signaling in vascular biology and dysfunction. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:65-79. [PMID: 26823333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is critical for developmental growth, tissue homeostasis and repair but also for tumor development. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has recently emerged as a fundamental pathway of the endothelium by regulating cardiovascular and lymphatic development and by being causative for several vascular dysfunctions. Two vascular disorders have been directly linked to impaired BMP signaling: pulmonary arterial hypertension and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Endothelial BMP signaling critically depends on the cellular context, which includes among others vascular heterogeneity, exposure to flow, and the intertwining with other signaling cascades (Notch, WNT, Hippo and hypoxia). The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent findings illustrating the clear need for reconsidering the role of BMPs in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya García de Vinuesa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, U1036), Grenoble F-38000, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Grenoble F-38000, France; Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France.
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40
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Abstract
Proper control of the temporal onset of cellular differentiation is critical for regulating cell lineage decisions and morphogenesis during development. Pbx homeodomain transcription factors have emerged as important regulators of cellular differentiation. We previously showed, by using antisense morpholino knockdown, that Pbx factors are needed for the timely activation of myocardial differentiation in zebrafish. In order to gain further insight into the roles of Pbx factors in heart development, we show here that zebrafish pbx4 mutant embryos exhibit delayed onset of myocardial differentiation, such as delayed activation of tnnt2a expression in early cardiomyocytes in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. We also observe delayed myocardial morphogenesis and dysmorphic patterning of the ventricle and atrium, consistent with our previous Pbx knock-down studies. In addition, we find that pbx4 mutant larvae have aberrant outflow tracts and defective expression of the proepicardial marker tbx18. Finally, we present evidence for Pbx expression in cardiomyocyte precursors as well as heterogeneous Pbx expression among the pan-cytokeratin-expressing proepicardial cells near the developing ventricle. In summary, our data show that Pbx4 is required for the proper temporal activation of myocardial differentiation and establish a basis for studying additional roles of Pbx factors in heart development.
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41
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Strate I, Tessadori F, Bakkers J. Glypican4 promotes cardiac specification and differentiation by attenuating canonical Wnt and Bmp signaling. Development 2015; 142:1767-76. [PMID: 25968312 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glypicans are heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) attached to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, and interact with various extracellular growth factors and receptors. The Drosophila division abnormal delayed (dally) was the first glypican loss-of-function mutant described that displays disrupted cell divisions in the eye and morphological defects in the wing. In human, as in most vertebrates, six glypican-encoding genes have been identified (GPC1-6), and mutations in several glypican genes cause multiple malformations including congenital heart defects. To understand better the role of glypicans during heart development, we studied the zebrafish knypek mutant, which is deficient for Gpc4. Our results demonstrate that knypek/gpc4 mutant embryos display severe cardiac defects, most apparent by a strong reduction in cardiomyocyte numbers. Cell-tracing experiments, using photoconvertable fluorescent proteins and genetic labeling, demonstrate that Gpc4 'Knypek' is required for specification of cardiac progenitor cells and their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we show that Bmp signaling is enhanced in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm of knypek/gpc4 mutants and that genetic inhibition of Bmp signaling rescues the cardiomyocyte differentiation defect observed in knypek/gpc4 embryos. In addition, canonical Wnt signaling is upregulated in knypek/gpc4 embryos, and inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling in knypek/gpc4 embryos by overexpression of the Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 restores normal cardiomyocyte numbers. Therefore, we conclude that Gpc4 is required to attenuate both canonical Wnt and Bmp signaling in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm to allow cardiac progenitor cells to specify and differentiate into cardiomyocytes. This provides a possible explanation for how congenital heart defects arise in glypican-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Strate
- Department of Cardiac Development and Genetics, Hubrecht Institute & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Department of Cardiac Development and Genetics, Hubrecht Institute & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Department of Cardiac Development and Genetics, Hubrecht Institute & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Optimization of Cell Differentiation Strategy. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:524756. [PMID: 26339251 PMCID: PMC4539177 DOI: 10.1155/2015/524756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the high mortality rate, coronary heart disease (CHD) has currently become a major life-threatening disease. The main pathological change of myocardial infarction (MI) is the induction of myocardial necrosis in infarction area which finally causes heart failure. Conventional treatments cannot regenerate the functional cell efficiently. Recent researches suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into multiple lineages, including cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro and in vivo, and they have been used for the treatment of MI to repair the injured myocardium and improve cardiac function. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress on MSCs derived cardiomyocytes for cardiac regeneration after MI.
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Birket MJ, Ribeiro MC, Verkerk AO, Ward D, Leitoguinho AR, den Hartogh SC, Orlova VV, Devalla HD, Schwach V, Bellin M, Passier R, Mummery CL. Expansion and patterning of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:970-9. [PMID: 26192318 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The inability of multipotent cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) to undergo multiple divisions in culture has precluded stable expansion of precursors of cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. This contrasts with neural progenitors, which can be expanded robustly and are a renewable source of their derivatives. Here we use human pluripotent stem cells bearing a cardiac lineage reporter to show that regulated MYC expression enables robust expansion of CPCs with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and a hedgehog pathway agonist. The CPCs can be patterned with morphogens, recreating features of heart field assignment, and controllably differentiated to relatively pure populations of pacemaker-like or ventricular-like cardiomyocytes. The cells are clonogenic and can be expanded for >40 population doublings while retaining the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. Access to CPCs will allow precise recreation of elements of heart development in vitro and facilitate investigation of the molecular basis of cardiac fate determination. This technology is applicable for cardiac disease modeling, toxicology studies and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorien Ward
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Verena Schwach
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Pallotta I, Sun B, Wrona EA, Freytes DO. BMP protein-mediated crosstalk between inflammatory cells and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1466-1478. [PMID: 26103914 DOI: 10.1002/term.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Following cardiac injury, the ischaemic heart tissue is characterized by the invasion of pro-inflammatory (M1) and pro-healing (M2) macrophages. Any engineered cardiac tissue will inevitably interact with the inflammatory environment found at the site of myocardial infarction at the time of implantation. However, the interactions between the inflammatory and the cardiac repair cells remain poorly understood. Here we recapitulated in vitro some of the important cellular events found at the site of myocardial injury, such as macrophage recruitment and their effect on cardiac differentiation and maturation, by taking into account the involvement of paracrine-mediated signalling. By using a 3D inverted invasion assay, we found that cardiomyocyte (CM) conditioned medium can trigger the recruitment of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages, through a mechanism that involves, in part, CM-derived BMP4. Pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages were also found to affect CM proliferation and differentiation potential, in part due to BMP molecules secreted by macrophages. These effects involved the activation of the canonical outside-in signalling pathways, such as SMAD1,5,8, which are known to be activated during myocardial injury in vivo. In the present study we propose a new role for CM- and macrophage-derived BMP proteins during the recruitment of macrophage subtypes and the maturation of repair cells, representing an important step towards creating a functional cardiac patch with superior therapeutic properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Sun
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, USA
| | - Emily A Wrona
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, USA
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Palencia-Desai S, Rost MS, Schumacher JA, Ton QV, Craig MP, Baltrunaite K, Koenig AL, Wang J, Poss KD, Chi NC, Stainier DYR, Sumanas S. Myocardium and BMP signaling are required for endocardial differentiation. Development 2015; 142:2304-15. [PMID: 26092845 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocardial and myocardial progenitors originate in distinct regions of the anterior lateral plate mesoderm and migrate to the midline where they coalesce to form the cardiac tube. Endocardial progenitors acquire a molecular identity distinct from other vascular endothelial cells and initiate expression of specific genes such as nfatc1. Yet the molecular pathways and tissue interactions involved in establishing endocardial identity are poorly understood. The endocardium develops in tight association with cardiomyocytes. To test for a potential role of the myocardium in endocardial morphogenesis, we used two different zebrafish models deficient in cardiomyocytes: the hand2 mutant and a myocardial-specific genetic ablation method. We show that in hand2 mutants endocardial progenitors migrate to the midline but fail to assemble into a cardiac cone and do not express markers of differentiated endocardium. Endocardial differentiation defects were rescued by myocardial but not endocardial-specific expression of hand2. In metronidazole-treated myl7:nitroreductase embryos, myocardial cells were targeted for apoptosis, which resulted in the loss of endocardial nfatc1 expression. However, endocardial cells were present and retained expression of general vascular endothelial markers. We further identified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) as a candidate myocardium-derived signal required for endocardial differentiation. Chemical and genetic inhibition of BMP signaling at the tailbud stage resulted in severe inhibition of endocardial differentiation while there was little effect on myocardial development. Heat-shock-induced bmp2b expression rescued endocardial nfatc1 expression in hand2 mutants and in myocardium-depleted embryos. Our results indicate that the myocardium is crucial for endocardial morphogenesis and differentiation, and identify BMP as a signal involved in endocardial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharina Palencia-Desai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Megan S Rost
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schumacher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Quynh V Ton
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael P Craig
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kristina Baltrunaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew L Koenig
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart and great vessels that are present from birth. The presence or absence of extracardiac anomalies has historically been used to identify patients with possible monogenic, chromosomal, or teratogenic CHD causes. These distinctions remain clinically relevant, but it is increasingly clear that nonsyndromic CHDs can also be genetic. This article discusses key morphologic, molecular, and signaling mechanisms relevant to heart development, summarizes overall progress in molecular genetic analyses of CHDs, and provides current recommendations for clinical application of genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Cowan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Stephanie M Ware
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Zhu S, Hu X, Yu Z, Peng Y, Zhu J, Liu X, Li M, Han S, Zhu C. Effect of miR-20b on Apoptosis, Differentiation, the BMP Signaling Pathway and Mitochondrial Function in the P19 Cell Model of Cardiac Differentiation In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123519. [PMID: 25898012 PMCID: PMC4405592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of miR-20b on apoptosis, differentiation, the BMP signaling pathway and mitochondrial function in the P19 cell model of cardiac differentiation in vitro. Methods A miR-20b over-expression vector, a miR-20b silencing vector and their corresponding empty vectors were constructed and transfected into P19 cells, separately. Stably miR-20b overexpressing and silenced P19 cell lines were successfully selected by blasticidin and puromycin, separately. The cells were induced to undergo apoptosis in FBS-free-α-MEM. The induced cells were examined by flow cytometry and measurement of their caspase-3 activities. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the relative expression of marker genes of cardiomyocytes during differentiation, such as cTnT, GATA4 and ANP. QRT-PCR was also used to detect the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. We investigated the cellular ATP production using a luciferase-based luminescence assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by DCFDA (2’, 7’-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was elucidated by a JC-1 fluorescent probe, both using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometer. The expression of BMP signaling pathway-related proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Stably miR-20b overexpressing and silenced P19 cell lines were successfully obtained. MiR-20b overexpression increased apoptosis and promoted differentiation in P19 cells by promoting the activation of the BMP signaling pathway. In addition, miR-20b overexpression induced mitochondrial impairment in P19 cells during differentiation, which was characterized by lower MMP, raised ATP synthesis and increased ROS levels. The effects of miR-20b silencing were the exact opposite to those of overexpression. Conclusion Collectively, these results suggested that miR-20b was very important in apoptosis, differentiation and mitochondrial function of P19 cells. MiR-20b may represent a new therapeutic target for congenital heart diseases and provide new insights into the mechanisms of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Zhangbin Yu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yuzhu Peng
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jingai Zhu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Shuping Han
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
- * E-mail: (SPH); (CZ)
| | - Chun Zhu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
- * E-mail: (SPH); (CZ)
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Farouz Y, Chen Y, Terzic A, Menasché P. Concise Review: Growing Hearts in the Right Place: On the Design of Biomimetic Materials for Cardiac Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1021-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Farouz
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
| | | | - Philippe Menasché
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Paris France
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Tanwar V, Bylund JB, Hu J, Yan J, Walthall JM, Mukherjee A, Heaton WH, Wang WD, Potet F, Rai M, Kupershmidt S, Knapik EW, Hatzopoulos AK. Gremlin 2 promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells to atrial fate by activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1774-88. [PMID: 24648383 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist Gremlin 2 (Grem2) is required for atrial differentiation and establishment of cardiac rhythm during embryonic development. A human Grem2 variant has been associated with familial atrial fibrillation, suggesting that abnormal Grem2 activity causes arrhythmias. However, it is not known how Grem2 integrates into signaling pathways to direct atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Grem2 expression is induced concurrently with the emergence of cardiovascular progenitor cells during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Grem2 exposure enhances the cardiogenic potential of ESCs by 20-120-fold, preferentially inducing genes expressed in atrial myocytes such as Myl7, Nppa, and Sarcolipin. We show that Grem2 acts upstream to upregulate proatrial transcription factors CoupTFII and Hey1 and downregulate atrial fate repressors Irx4 and Hey2. The molecular phenotype of Grem2-induced atrial cardiomyocytes was further supported by induction of ion channels encoded by Kcnj3, Kcnj5, and Cacna1d genes and establishment of atrial-like action potentials shown by electrophysiological recordings. We show that promotion of atrial-like cardiomyocytes is specific to the Gremlin subfamily of BMP antagonists. Grem2 proatrial differentiation activity is conveyed by noncanonical BMP signaling through phosphorylation of JNK and can be reversed by specific JNK inhibitors, but not by dorsomorphin, an inhibitor of canonical BMP signaling. Taken together, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and will assist the development of future approaches to study and treat arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Tanwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Meganathan K, Sotiriadou I, Natarajan K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A. Signaling molecules, transcription growth factors and other regulators revealed from in-vivo and in-vitro models for the regulation of cardiac development. Int J Cardiol 2015; 183:117-28. [PMID: 25662074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several in-vivo heart developmental models have been applied to decipher the cardiac developmental patterning encompassing early, dorsal, cardiac and visceral mesoderm as well as various transcription factors such as Gata, Hand, Tin, Dpp, Pnr. The expression of cardiac specific transcription factors, such as Gata4, Tbx5, Tbx20, Tbx2, Tbx3, Mef2c, Hey1 and Hand1 are of fundamental significance for the in-vivo cardiac development. Not only the transcription factors, but also the signaling molecules involved in cardiac development were conserved among various species. Enrichment of the bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm is essential for the initiation of myocardial differentiation and the cardiac developmental process. Moreover, the expression of a number of cardiac transcription factors and structural genes initiate cardiac differentiation in the medial mesoderm. Other signaling molecules such as TGF-beta, IGF-1/2 and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) play a significant role in cardiac repair/regeneration, ventricular heart development and specification of early cardiac mesoderm, respectively. The role of the Wnt signaling in cardiac development is still controversial discussed, as in-vitro results differ dramatically in relation to the animal models. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) were utilized as an important in-vitro model for the elucidation of the cardiac developmental processes since they can be easily manipulated by numerous signaling molecules, growth factors, small molecules and genetic manipulation. Finally, in the present review the dynamic role of the long noncoding RNA and miRNAs in the regulation of cardiac development are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Meganathan
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Isaia Sotiriadou
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Karthick Natarajan
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany.
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