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Brandi ML, Marini F, Parri S, Bandinelli S, Iantomasi T, Giusti F, Talluri E, Sini G, Nannipieri F, Battaglia S, Tripepi G, Egan CG, Ferrucci L. Association of vitamin D and bisphenol A levels with cardiovascular risk in an elderly Italian population: results from the InCHIANTI study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01193-1. [PMID: 38837025 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the association between circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), with risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease in elderly individuals. This was a cross-sectional study in a subgroup of elderly people from the InCHIANTI Biobank in Italy. We examined the association between circulating serum vitamin D metabolites, 1,25(OH)2D, 25(OH)D, and the endocrine disrupting agent BPA, with an arbitrary CV risk score and the European Society of Cardiology-based 10-year CV risk (SCORE2/SCORE2-OP) using univariate and multiple regression. In 299 individuals, blood samples were tested for serum values of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and urinary BPA levels. One hundred eighty individuals (60.2%) were deficient (< 20 ng/ml) in 25(OH)D. Levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were negatively correlated with CV risk score (p < 0.0001 for both) as well as SCORE2/SCORE2-OP (p < 0.0001 for both) while BPA levels were positively correlated with both CV risk scores (p < 0.0001 for both). In a logistic regression model, male gender (odds ratio; OR: 2.1, 95% CI:1.1-3.8, p = 0.022), obesity (OR:2.8, 95% CI:1.2-6.5, p = 0.016) and BPA levels ≥ 110 ng/dl (OR:20.9, 95% CI:9.4-46.8, p < 0.0001) were associated with deficient levels of 25(OH)D. 1,25(OH)2D levels < 41 ng/dl and 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/ml were associated with CV risk score ≥ 3 (OR: 4.16, 95% CI: 2.32-7.4, p < 0.0001 and OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.02-3.39, p = 0.044) respectively and 1,25(OH)2D levels < 41 ng/dl were associated with SCORE2/SCORE2-OP of ≥ 20% (OR:2.98, 95% CI: 1.7-5.2, p = 0.0001). In this cross-sectional analysis, BPA exposure was associated with significantly reduced levels of vitamin D that in turn were significantly associated with increased CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione FIRMO Onlus (Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sulle Malattie Dell'Osso), F.I.R.M.O. Foundation, Via San Gallo, 123, 50129, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marini
- Fondazione FIRMO Onlus (Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sulle Malattie Dell'Osso), F.I.R.M.O. Foundation, Via San Gallo, 123, 50129, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Parri
- Fondazione FIRMO Onlus (Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sulle Malattie Dell'Osso), F.I.R.M.O. Foundation, Via San Gallo, 123, 50129, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Donatello Bone Clinic, Villa Donatello Hospital, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Talluri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Tripepi
- National Research Council (CNR), Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translation Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chien MC, Huang CY, Wang JH, Shih CL, Wu P. Effects of vitamin D in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38816412 PMCID: PMC11139885 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVE To summarize systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of vitamin D deficiency and of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes. METHODS Prior to conducting this umbrella review, we registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42022368003). We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on vitamin D in pregnancy, from database inception to October 2, 2023. All outcomes related to vitamin D in pregnancy obtained from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses were extracted. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently chose studies and collected information on health outcomes. The quality of the included articles' methodology was assessed using AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2). RESULTS We identified 16 eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which included 250,569 women. Our results demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, small-for gestational age/low birth weight infants, recurrent miscarriage, bacterial vaginosis and gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy increases birth weight, and reduces the risk of maternal pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, and vitamin D deficiency, fetal or neonatal mortality, as well as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder in childhood. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy can reduce the risk of maternal hyperbilirubinemia, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, fetal distress, and neonatal hospitalization. CONCLUSION Due to the association with adverse maternal and offspring health outcomes, we recommend the vitamin D status in pregnancy should be monitored, particularly in women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. It is suggested that pregnant women take a dose of >400 IU/day of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to prevent certain adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Chien
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Yi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Huei Wang
- Department of Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Lung Shih
- Clinical Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan.
| | - Pensee Wu
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Secondulfo C, Visco V, Virtuoso N, Fortunato M, Migliarino S, Rispoli A, La Mura L, Stellato A, Caliendo G, Settembre E, Galluccio F, Hamzeh S, Bilancio G. Vitamin D: A Bridge between Kidney and Heart. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:617. [PMID: 38792638 PMCID: PMC11123235 DOI: 10.3390/life14050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent conditions, each significantly contributing to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. CVD and CKD share a great number of common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, among others. Their relationship extends beyond these factors, encompassing intricate interplay between the two systems. Within this complex network of pathophysiological processes, vitamin D has emerged as a potential linchpin, exerting influence over diverse physiological pathways implicated in both CKD and CVD. In recent years, scientific exploration has unveiled a close connection between these two prevalent conditions and vitamin D, a crucial hormone traditionally recognized for its role in bone health. This article aims to provide an extensive review of vitamin D's multifaceted and expanding actions concerning its involvement in CKD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Secondulfo
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valeria Visco
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Martino Fortunato
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonella Rispoli
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia La Mura
- Centro Medico Ascione Srl, 80059 Torre del Greco, Italy
| | - Adolfo Stellato
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Settembre
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Fabiana Galluccio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sarah Hamzeh
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bilancio
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Nephrology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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Vagha K, Taksande A, Lohiya S, Javvaji CK, Vagha JD, Uke P. Unlocking Vitality: A Comprehensive Review of Vitamin D's Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e60840. [PMID: 38910623 PMCID: PMC11191411 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of vitamin D (VD) in critically ill children, examining its implications for clinical outcomes. Although this substance has long been known for its function in maintaining bone health, it is now becoming more widely known for its extensive physiological effects, which include immune system and inflammation regulation. Observational research consistently associates VD levels with outcomes like duration of hospitalization, mortality, and illness severity in critically ill pediatric patients. Mechanistically, it exerts anti-inflammatory and endothelial protective effects while modulating the renin-angiotensin system. Increasing VD levels through supplementation presents promise as a therapeutic strategy; however, further research is necessary to elucidate optimal dosage regimens and safety profiles. This review emphasizes the significance of comprehending the intricate relationship between VD and critical illnesses among pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keta Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amar Taksande
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sham Lohiya
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Chaitanya Kumar Javvaji
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jayant D Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Punam Uke
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Li X, An Z, Yao A, Li R, Zhang S, Yu S, Ma L, Liu Y. Targeted metabolomics profiling in pregnancy associated with vitamin D deficiency. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:295. [PMID: 38643102 PMCID: PMC11031926 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnancy, however, its effects has not been fully elucidated. Here, we conducted targeted metabolomics profiling to study the relationship. METHODS This study enrolled 111 pregnant women, including sufficient group (n = 9), inadequate group (n = 49) and deficient group (n = 53). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based targeted metabonomics were used to characterize metabolite profiles associated with vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy. RESULTS Many metabolites decreased in the inadequate and deficient group, including lipids, amino acids and others. The lipid species included fatty acyls (FA 14:3, FA 26:0; O), glycerolipids (MG 18:2), glycerophospholipids (LPG 20:5, PE-Cer 40:1; O2, PG 29:0), sterol lipids (CE 20:5, ST 28:0; O4, ST 28:1; O4). Decreased amino acids included aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine) and branched-chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine), proline, methionine, arginine, lysine, alanine, L-kynurenine,5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, allysine. CONCLUSIONS This targeted metabolomics profiling indicated that vitamin D supplementation can significantly affect lipids and amino acids metabolism in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Road, Beijing, 100730, China
- Biobank Facility, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoling An
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Yao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Road, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Suhan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Academic Medical Science and Peking, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Academic Medical Science and Peking, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangkun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Academic Medical Science and Peking, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Road, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Marti DT, Nesiu A, Balta C, Olariu TR, Mihu AG, Hermenean A, Oatis DA. Retrospective Analysis of Vitamin D Deficiency in an Adult Population of Arad County, Western Romania (2019-2022). Life (Basel) 2024; 14:274. [PMID: 38398782 PMCID: PMC10890605 DOI: 10.3390/life14020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a steroid hormone synthesized primarily in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet light, is widely deficient across global populations. This study aimed to fill the data gap in Western Romania by measuring 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in a cohort of 7141 from Arad County. It was observed that women, younger adults (18-29 years), and older adults (70-79 years) had notably lower vitamin D levels compared to the average population. Additionally, there was a rise in vitamin D levels over the four-year span of 2018-2022, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Our research provides fresh data on those most susceptible to vitamin D deficiency and lays the groundwork for educational campaigns on vitamin D supplementation benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Teodora Marti
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania; (D.T.M.); (A.N.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Alexandru Nesiu
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania; (D.T.M.); (A.N.); (D.A.O.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Tudor Rares Olariu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Teaching Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alin Gabriel Mihu
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania; (D.T.M.); (A.N.); (D.A.O.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania;
- Bioclinica Medical Analysis Laboratory, Dreptatii Street, nr. 23, 310300 Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania; (D.T.M.); (A.N.); (D.A.O.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Daniela Adriana Oatis
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania; (D.T.M.); (A.N.); (D.A.O.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania;
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Rachman A, Rahmaniyah R, Khomeini A, Iriani A. The association between vitamin D deficiency and the clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. F1000Res 2024; 12:394. [PMID: 38434628 PMCID: PMC10905025 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132214.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging public health problem that affects more than one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D has been shown to be effective in preventing and reducing the severity of viral respiratory diseases, including influenza. However, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the association of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia from October 2021 until February 2022. Results The median serum 25(OH)D level in 191 hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 13.6 [IQR=10.98] ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency who had cardiovascular disease (p-value=0.04), the use of a ventilator (p-value=0.004), more severe COVID-19 cases (p-value=0.047), and mortality (p-value=0.002). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 cases (p-value=0.019). Serum 25(OH)D levels in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases were significantly different (p-value=0.031). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with an increased number of comorbidities (p-value=0.03), the severity of COVID-19 (p-value=0.002), and the use of mechanical ventilation (p-value=0.032). Mortality was found in 7.3% of patients with deficient vitamin D levels. However, patients with either sufficient or insufficient vitamin D levels did not develop mortality. Conclusions COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were significantly associated with having cardiovascular disease, mortality, more severe COVID-19 cases, and the used of mechanical ventilation. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased number of comorbidities, COVID-19 severity, and the use of mechanical-ventilation. Thus, we suggest hospitalized COVID-19 patients to reach a sufficient vitamin D status to improve the clinical outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andhika Rachman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Centra Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Rahmaniyah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Andi Khomeini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wisma Atlet COVID-19 Emergency Hospital, North Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 14360, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Iriani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yarsi University, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10510, Indonesia
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Yue C, Ma Y, Wang M, Yuan M, Meng Y, Wang Z, Ying C. CPY27B1-related vitamin D deficiency contributes to the impaired function of CD4 +T cells in Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24499. [PMID: 38298727 PMCID: PMC10827770 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the relationship between the expression of cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 (CYP27B1), vitamin D, and impaired T cell subsets in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). A Total of 779 healthy women of childbearing age and 1031 women with a history of RSM were involved in this study. The results of flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Tregs was higher in healthy women than in the women with RSM. For cytokines, the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly higher in RSM patients than in healthy women, while IL-10 was notably lower in RSM patients. Furthermore, compared to healthy individuals, RSM patients had lower levels of serum 25(OH)D detected by chemiluminescence. The frequency of Tregs was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D. Specifically, for every 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D, the percentage of Tregs increased by 0.58 as calculated. IL-17 and IFN-γ were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D, while the serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) level was positively correlated with 25(OH)D. CYP27B1 was found to be expressed in both cytotrophoblast and extracellular villi trophoblast cells. However, reduced expression of CYP27B1 was observed in the placenta with RSM. Notably, the level of 25(OH)D increased in the supernatant of CYP27B1 knockdown BeWo compared to normal cells, while human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was significantly reduced. The hCG secretion of CYP27B1 KO BeWo cells was partially restored after 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment could induce more CD4+ T cells to convert to Foxp3+iTreg, which in turn inhibited the secretion of IL-17, IFN-γ. In summary, this research unveiled a connection between reduced CYP27B1 and vitamin D deficiency in RSM. Our study underscores the potential benefits of vitamin D treatment supplementation in the context of RSM. However, it is important to note that further research is imperative to validate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyan Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cutuli SL, Ferrando ES, Cammarota F, Franchini E, Caroli A, Lombardi G, Tanzarella ES, Grieco DL, Antonelli M, De Pascale G. Update on vitamin D role in severe infections and sepsis. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2024; 4:4. [PMID: 38263252 PMCID: PMC10804708 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Severe infections frequently require admission to the intensive care unit and cause life-threatening complications in critically ill patients. In this setting, severe infections are acknowledged as prerequisites for the development of sepsis, whose pathophysiology implies a dysregulated host response to pathogens, leading to disability and mortality worldwide.Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role to maintain immune system homeostasis, which is of paramount importance to resolve infection and modulate the burden of sepsis. Specifically, vitamin D deficiency has been widely reported in critically ill patients and represents a risk factor for the development of severe infections, sepsis and worse clinical outcomes. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation strategies to improve vitamin D body content, but conflictual results support its benefit in general populations of critically ill patients. In contrast, small randomised clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation may improve host-defence to pathogen invasion via the production of cathelicidin and specific cytokines. Nonetheless, no large scale investigations have been designed to specifically assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the outcome of critically ill septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Lucio Cutuli
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Cammarota
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Franchini
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caroli
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Lombardi
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eloisa Sofia Tanzarella
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Luca Grieco
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Pascale
- Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Di Anestesiologia E Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Haider F, Ghafoor H, Hassan OF, Farooqui K, Bel Khair AOM, Shoaib F. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Cureus 2023; 15:e49734. [PMID: 38161941 PMCID: PMC10757591 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a vital nutrient that plays a significant part in several physiological processes within the human body, including calcium metabolism, bone health, immune function, and cell growth and differentiation. It is obtained mainly through exposure to sunlight but can be acquired from certain foods and supplements as well. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) could be the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart disease and stroke. In blood vitamin D low levels have been linked with an enhanced risk of developing CVDs. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D levels are the leading cause or consequence of these conditions. While some studies highlight that taking vitamin D supplements could decrease the risk of CVD; however, more research is required to better understand the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health. In this review, we aimed to summarize the currently available evidence supporting the association between vitamin D and CVDs and anesthesia considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrookh Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine/Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Hashsaam Ghafoor
- Department of Anesthesia, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Omar F Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | - Khalid Farooqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | | | - Faryal Shoaib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospitals, Islamabad, PAK
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11
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Che J, Tong J, Kuang X, Zheng C, Zhou R, Song J, Zhan X, Liu Z. Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and blood pressure among US adults without a previous diagnosis of hypertension: evidence from NHANES 2005-2018. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1265662. [PMID: 37841406 PMCID: PMC10568069 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1265662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are various cross-sectional studies that concluded that vitamin D is associated with blood pressure, but randomized controlled studies have not yielded consistent conclusions. Considering many limitations indeed, our study aimed to examine whether concentrations of 25(OH)D are inversely associated with blood pressure in people without a previous diagnosis of hypertension. Method We analyzed data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by applying multivariable logistic regression models. The dose-response relationship was assessed by means of restricted cubic spline regression, and stratification analyses were employed to test the consistency between the subgroups. Results Of 17,467 participants aged ≥ 20 years without a previous diagnosis of hypertension, 4,769 had higher blood pressure. Compared with individuals whose 25(OH)D levels were in the bottom quartile (<44.3 nnol/L), adjusting for multiple confounders, the ORs for higher blood pressure were 0.90(95%CI 0.78, 1.05), 0.85(95%CI 0.72, 0.99), and 0.86(95%CI 0.72, 1.02), respectively (P for trend = 0.096). Furthermore, as a continuous variable, 25(OH)D concentrations were non-linearly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (P < 0.001). The interaction between the sleeplessness subgroup and higher blood pressure was significant (P = 0.042). Conclusion In adults without a previous diagnosis of hypertension in the United States, concentrations of 25(OH)D were inversely associated with higher blood pressure when it was <84 nmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Che
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zengzhang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Abi-Ayad M, Nedjar I, Chabni N. Association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and lung function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) in children and adults with asthma: A systematic review. Lung India 2023; 40:449-456. [PMID: 37787360 PMCID: PMC10553772 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_213_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that poses significant individual, social, financial and healthcare burdens. Physicians and researchers have recommended 25-hydroxy vitamin D supplementation, in combination with prescribed medication, as a potential means of reducing asthma severity. This systematic review focuses on the association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and lung function in both children and adults with asthma. We identified published work by searching MEDLINE via PubMed, using regular search terms related to 25-hydroxy vitamin D and asthma. Fourteen studies were screened out of 643 eligible citations from MEDLINE research that involved 65 children and 951 adults. A strong positive association was observed in four studies, whereas five showed a moderate association, and two had no correlation. The majority of studies found a negative correlation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency and mild, uncontrolled and partly controlled asthma. 25-hydroxy vitamin D 25 OH values were below 20 ng/ml in the majority of studies, and those with uncontrolled severe asthma showed the lowest values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imane Nedjar
- First Cycle Department, Higher School of Applied Sciences of Tlemcen, Algeria
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nafissa Chabni
- Epidemiology Department, University-Hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria
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13
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Pourrostami K, Heshmat R, Derakhshanian H, Ejtahed HS, Shafiee G, Safari O, Abkhoo AR, Mohammadian-Khonsari N, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Ebrahimi M, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. The association between vitamin D status and sleep duration in school-aged children; the CASPIAN-V study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:341-346. [PMID: 37255800 PMCID: PMC10225404 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Considering the high prevalence of both vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and sleep impairment in children and adolescents, this study was conducted to determine the association between VDD and sleep duration in the Iranian pediatric population. Methods This multicentric national study was conducted in 2019 on 2564 frozen sera obtained from 7 to 18- year students who were studied in the fifth survey of a national school-based surveillance program conducted in 30 provinces of Iran. Sleep duration was assessed using a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization-Global School-based Student Health Survey protocol. Short sleep duration was defined as sleep duration less than 8 h/day VDD Vitamin D < 20 ng/dL, and vitamin D insufficiency as 20-30 ng/dL.An adjusted logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the associations of vitamin D status with sleep duration. Results The Mean (SD) of students' age was 12.1(3.0) years; overall 10.6%of participants had VDD and 23% of participants had short sleep duration. in the adjusted logistic model, students with a low level of vitamin D (insufficient and deficient) had a higher odds of short sleep duration in comparison to those with normal vitamin D level (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.02-1.62). Conclusion The current study showed that low Vitamin D levels (insufficient and deficient)were significantly associated with short sleep duration in school-aged children. Further studies are recommended to determine the efficacy of vitamin D replacement in improving sleep duration and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumars Pourrostami
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Derakhshanian
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Abkhoo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Plotnikoff GA, Dobberstein L, Raatz S. Nutritional Assessment of the Symptomatic Patient on a Plant-Based Diet: Seven Key Questions. Nutrients 2023; 15:1387. [PMID: 36986117 PMCID: PMC10056340 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, both vegan and vegetarian, which emphasize grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and seeds are increasingly popular for health as well as financial, ethical, and religious reasons. The medical literature clearly demonstrates that whole food plant-based diets can be both nutritionally sufficient and medically beneficial. However, any person on an intentionally restrictive, but poorly-designed diet may predispose themselves to clinically-relevant nutritional deficiencies. For persons on a poorly-designed plant-based diet, deficiencies are possible in both macronutrients (protein, essential fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamin B12, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamin D). Practitioner evaluation of symptomatic patients on a plant-based diet requires special consideration of seven key nutrient concerns for plant-based diets. This article translates these concerns into seven practical questions that all practitioners can introduce into their patient assessments and clinical reasoning. Ideally, persons on plant-based diets should be able to answer these seven questions. Each serves as a heuristic prompt for both clinician and patient attentiveness to a complete diet. As such, these seven questions support increased patient nutrition knowledge and practitioner capacity to counsel, refer, and appropriately focus clinical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Raatz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Wu Z, Hu H, Wang C, Rao J, Wu J, Shi Y, Fu Y, Cheng X, Li P. Sleep Patterns Modify the Association between Vitamin D Status and Coronary Heart Disease: Results from NHANES 2005-2008. J Nutr 2023; 153:1398-1406. [PMID: 36863481 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been reported in individuals with low vitamin D status, this remains controversial. Growing evidence suggests that sleep behaviors may influence vitamin D endocrine functions. OBJECTIVES We explored the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [[25(OH)D] concentrations and CHD and whether sleep behaviors modify this relationship. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 7511 adults aged ≥20 y in 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that included serum 25(OH)D concentrations and provided information on sleep behaviors and history of CHD was performed. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and CHD, whereas stratified analyses and multiplicative interaction tests were used to evaluate the modification effect of overall sleep patterns and each sleep factor on this relationship. The overall sleep patterns integrated 4 sleep behaviors (sleep duration, snoring, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness) in the form of healthy sleep score. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with risk of CHD (P < 0.01). Hypovitaminosis D [serum 25(OH)D <50nmol/L] was associated with a 71% increased risk of CHD (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.28; P < 0.01) compared with that in participants with sufficient vitamin D [serum 25(OH)D ≥75nmol/L], and the association was more evident and stable among participants with poor sleep patterns (P-interaction < 0.01). Among the individual sleep behaviors, sleep duration had the strongest interaction with 25(OH)D (P-interaction < 0.05). The association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and risk of CHD was more pronounced in participants with sleep duration <7 h/d or >8 h/d compared with those with sleep duration 7-8 h/d. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the influence of lifestyle-related behavioral risk factors, such as sleep behaviors (especially sleep duration), need to be considered when evaluating the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and CHD as well as the clinical benefits of vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingan Rao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Ma Y, Deng L, Huangfu Y, Zhou Y, Wang P, Shen L. Adequate vitamin D level associated with reduced risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1024849. [PMID: 36776613 PMCID: PMC9908961 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1024849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The effect of vitamin D level pertinent to colorectal cancer incidence, progression, or mortality risk is complicated, and study findings are mixed. Therefore, we evaluated whether serum vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] is associated with the incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of the relationship between serum 25(OH)D level and the risk of CRC. Age, sex, body mass index, history of polyp, disease conditions (i.e., diabetes), medications, and other eight vitamins were used as confounding factors. A total of 389 participants were enrolled in this study, including comprising 83 CRC patients without a family history and 306 healthy controls, between January 2020 and March 2021 at the Department of Colorectal Surgery and Endoscope Center at the Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Adjusted smoothing spline plots, subgroup analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to estimate the relative risk between serum 25(OH)D and sporadic CRC risk. Results After fully adjusting the confounding factors, it was found that circulating 25(OH)D played a protective role in patients with CRC (OR = 0.76 [0.63, 0.92], p = 0.004) and that an adequate vitamin D level was significantly associated with a reduced CRC risk compared to vitamin D deficiency or sufficiency (OR = 0.31 [0.11, 0.9], p = 0.03). According to this study, statins did not affect the potential protective effects of vitamin D (OR = 1.02 [0.97, 1.08], p = 0.44) and may account for the inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and colorectal cancer. Conclusion An adequate level of serum 25(OH)D was associated with a reduced CRC risk, especially for the elderly. The finding on the absence of protective effect of vitamin D in the statin use subgroup, suggests it may be one of the substantial contributing confounders, and warrants further investigation.
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Cutuli SL, Cascarano L, Tanzarella ES, Lombardi G, Carelli S, Pintaudi G, Grieco DL, De Pascale G, Antonelli M. Vitamin D Status and Potential Therapeutic Options in Critically Ill Patients: A Narrative Review of the Clinical Evidence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2719. [PMID: 36359561 PMCID: PMC9689785 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D covers roles of paramount importance in the regulation of multiple physiological pathways of the organism. The metabolism of vitamin D involves kidney-liver crosstalk and requires an adequate function of these organs, where vitamin D is progressively turned into active forms. Vitamin D deficiency has been widely reported in patients living in the community, being prevalent among the most vulnerable subjects. It has been also documented in many critically ill patients upon admission to the intensive care unit. In this context, vitamin D deficiency may represent a risk factor for the development of life-threatening clinical conditions (e.g., infection and sepsis) and worse clinical outcomes. Several researchers have investigated the impact of vitamin D supplementation showing its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness, although conflicting results have put into question its real benefit in critically ill patients. The existing studies included heterogeneous critically ill populations and used slightly different protocols of vitamin D supplementation. For these reasons, pooling up the results is difficult and not conclusive. In this narrative review, we described vitamin D physiology and the pathophysiology of vitamin D depletion with a specific focus on critically ill patients with liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory failure, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore L. Cutuli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cascarano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eloisa S. Tanzarella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Lombardi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carelli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pintaudi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico L. Grieco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Pascale
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Menger J, Lee ZY, Notz Q, Wallqvist J, Hasan MS, Elke G, Dworschak M, Meybohm P, Heyland DK, Stoppe C. Administration of vitamin D and its metabolites in critically ill adult patients: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 2022; 26:268. [PMID: 36068584 PMCID: PMC9446655 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical significance of vitamin D administration in critically ill patients remains inconclusive. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of vitamin D and its metabolites on major clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, including a subgroup analysis based on vitamin D status and route of vitamin D administration.
Methods Major databases were searched through February 9, 2022. Randomized controlled trials of adult critically ill patients with an intervention group receiving vitamin D or its metabolites were included. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled risk ratio (dichotomized outcomes) or mean difference (continuous outcomes). Risk of bias assessment included the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials. Results Sixteen randomized clinical trials with 2449 patients were included. Vitamin D administration was associated with lower overall mortality (16 studies: risk ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.97, p = 0.03; I2 = 30%), reduced intensive care unit length of stay (12 studies: mean difference − 3.13 days, 95% CI − 5.36 to − 0.89, n = 1250, p = 0.006; I2 = 70%), and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (9 studies: mean difference − 5.07 days, 95% CI − 7.42 to − 2.73, n = 572, p < 0.0001; I2 = 54%). Parenteral administration was associated with a greater effect on overall mortality than enteral administration (test of subgroup differences, p = 0.04), whereas studies of parenteral subgroups had lower quality. There were no subgroup differences based on baseline vitamin D levels. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients may reduce mortality. Parenteral administration might be associated with a greater impact on mortality. Heterogeneity and assessed certainty among the studies limits the generalizability of the results. Trial registration: PROSPERO international prospective database of systematic reviews (CRD42021256939—05 July 2021). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-022-04139-1.
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Sajjanar Sanjeev L., Naregal Govindanagouda V., Sajjanar Deepa S.. Determinants of Vitamin D deficiency among the adult population - An observational study. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i3.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has now become a scourge, and even in sunny areas in India, it is an increasing concern. The present study was prospective in nature and was carried over a period of two years (31st October 2019-1st November 2020) at the wellness clinic in a medical college teaching hospital and research centre and was aimed to inquire the determinants of VDD in the representative sample.
Material and Methods: The serum 25(OH) Vitamin D levels of subjects between the ages of 18 and 60 years were recorded along with their pertinent data. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software v.23.0 and Microsoft Office 2007 to analyse the data. The non-parametric “Chi-square” test was applied to test any possible link between VDD and putative determinants.
Results: VDD (25(OH) D levels< 50 nmol/L) was more common in the elderly (51-60 years), with a higher prevalence among females, in rural regions, and during the winter. Even the young and those with a normal BMI, exhibited significant vitamin D deficiency. Statistically significance was espied for age and VDD.
Conclusion: VDD is very much colloquial in this locale, regardless of age, gender, BMI, seasonality, or urban/rural context. The statistics can help treating consultants understand the purview of the pandemic and develop strategy to improve gains in vitamin D levels on a community level.
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20
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Chang Z, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Fu J, Liu Y, Tang S, Han Y, Fan Z. Association of sunshine duration with acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions in Beijing, China: A time-series analysis within-summer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154528. [PMID: 35292318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, various epidemiological studies found that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) often shows seasonal rhythm patterning, which is usually influenced by the variations of environmental factors, such as air pollution, ambient temperature, solar activity, relative humidity. However, there are few studies on the impact of sunlight-induced AMI especially in developing countries, and they had inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine within-summer variations in the temporal association between sun exposure and AMI. METHODS We obtained hospitalization data for AMI of Beijing during 2013-2019. We used a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with a quasi-Poisson regression model to estimate the non-linear lag effects of sunshine duration on AMI incidences. We evaluated the overall effect of AMI admissions with exposure to sunshine duration in the lag 0-21 days. RESULTS A total of 45,301 AMI cases were enrolled in our study during summer (June-September). The minimum of the morbidity was during days with a sunshine duration of 3.9 h. We found significant and U-shaped associations between sunshine duration and AMI, and the overall estimated relative risk was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02,1.62) and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28,2.24) for short (1st percentile) and long (99th percentile) sunshine duration, respectively. The males and younger people (<65 years) were most susceptible to these effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both short and long sunshine duration could increase the risk of AMI admissions, especially for males and younger people. We suggest that public health policymakers should fully consider the balance of the pros and cons of solar exposure, and provide appropriate public health recommendations accordingly to gain the greatest benefits from sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen'ge Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitao Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Huțanu A, Georgescu AM, Voidăzan S, Andrejkovits AV, Negrea V, Dobreanu M. Low Serum Vitamin D in COVID-19 Patients Is Not Related to Inflammatory Markers and Patients' Outcomes-A Single-Center Experience and a Brief Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:1998. [PMID: 35631138 PMCID: PMC9146893 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the correlation with C reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, fibrinogen, and peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as inflammatory derived indices. A prospective study was performed on 203 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, classified by disease severity. Blood was collected after admission, and inflammatory biomarkers and vitamin D status were assessed using routine laboratory procedures. No significant correlation was found between vitamin D serum levels and disease severity stratified by different age groups. However, the highest vitamin D levels were found in patients with mild disease: median 29.39 (IQR 12.12-44.02) ng/mL, while for moderate and severe forms the serum levels were significantly lower: median 15.10 (IQR 9.56-24.11) ng/mL for moderate, and 18.86 (IQR 12.50-27.88) ng/mL for severe; p = 0.009. Patients with no comorbidities showed a significantly higher level of vitamin D median 24.72 (IQR 16.05-31.52) ng/mL compared to subjects with at least one comorbidity: median 16.02 (IQR 9.81-25.22) ng/mL, p = 0.004. We did not find an association between vitamin D levels and inflammatory biomarkers except for significantly lower vitamin D levels in moderate and severe COVID-19 compared to mild disease forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Huțanu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.H.); (M.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Meda Georgescu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.A.); (V.N.)
| | - Septimiu Voidăzan
- Department of Epidemiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Akos Vince Andrejkovits
- Department of Infectious Diseases, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.A.); (V.N.)
| | - Valentina Negrea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.A.); (V.N.)
| | - Minodora Dobreanu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.H.); (M.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
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22
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Nano Matrix Soft Confectionary for Oral Supplementation of Vitamin D: Stability and Sensory Analysis. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050250. [PMID: 35621548 PMCID: PMC9140647 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency distresses nearly 50% of the population globally and multiple studies have highlighted the association of Vitamin D with a number of clinical manifestations, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological disorders. In the current study, vitamin D oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions were developed and incorporated in edible gummies to enhance bioavailability, stability, and patient compliance. The spontaneous emulsification method was employed to produce a nano-emulsion using corn oil with tween 20 and lecithin as emulsifiers. Optimization was carried out using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and the average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoemulsion were found to be 118.6 ± 4.3 nm and 0.11 ± 0.30, respectively. HPLC stability analysis demonstrated that the nano-emulsion prevented the degradation and it retained more than 97% of active vitamin D over 15 days compared to 94.5% in oil solution. Similar results were obtained over further storage analysis. Vitamin D gummies based on emulsion-based gelled matrices were then developed using gelatin as hydrocolloid and varying quantities of corn oil. Texture analysis revealed that gummies formulated with 10% corn oil had the optimum hardness of 3095.6 ± 201.7 g on the first day which remained consistent on day 45 with similar values of 3594.4 ± 210.6 g. Sensory evaluation by 19 judges using the nine-point hedonic scale highlighted that the taste and overall acceptance of formulated gummies did not change significantly (p > 0.05) over 45 days storage. This study suggested that nanoemulsions consistently prevent the environmental degradation of vitamin D, already known to offer protection in GI by providing sustained intestinal release and enhancing overall bioavailability. Soft chewable matrices were easy to chew and swallow, and they provided greater patient compliance.
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23
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Efird JT, Anderson E, Jindal C, Suzuki A. Interaction of Vitamin D and Corticosteroid Use in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Potential Explanation for Inconsistent Findings in the Literature. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1695-1702. [PMID: 35440302 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220418132847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important immune-modulator with anti-inflammatory properties. While this prohormone has been studied extensively in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, findings have been inconsistent regarding its overall benefit in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Most studies to date have been observational in nature, not accounting for the use of corticosteroids. Furthermore, the few randomized clinical trials designed to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 outcomes have been relatively small and thus insufficiently powered to assure a balance of corticosteroid use between study arms. The current perspective addresses the interaction of vitamin D and corticosteroids as a potential explanation for the divergent results reported in the literature. Future research on vitamin D and COVID-19 will benefit by considering this interaction, especially among hospitalized patients requiring oxygen and mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy T Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham (Duke) VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | | | - Charulata Jindal
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham (Duke) VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Qu L, Xiu X, Sun G, Zhang C, Yang H, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Engineered yeast for efficient de novo synthesis of 7‐dehydrocholesterol. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1278-1289. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.28055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guoyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
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25
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Safety Assessment of Vitamin D and Its Photo-Isomers in UV-Irradiated Baker's Yeast. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123142. [PMID: 34945693 PMCID: PMC8701098 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency due to, e.g., nutritional and life style reasons is a health concern that is gaining increasing attention over the last two decades. Vitamin D3, the most common isoform of vitamin D, is only available in food derived from animal sources. However, mushrooms and yeast are rich in ergosterol. This compound can be converted into vitamin D2 by UV-light, and therefore act as a precursor for vitamin D. Vitamin D2 from UV-irradiated mushrooms has become an alternative source of vitamin D, especially for persons pursuing a vegan diet. UV-irradiated baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for the production of fortified yeast-leavened bread and baked goods was approved as a Novel Food Ingredient in the European Union, according to Regulation (EC) No. 258/97. The Scientific Opinion provided by the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies has assessed this Novel Food Ingredient as safe under the intended nutritional use. However, recent findings on the formation of side products during UV-irradiation, e.g., the photoproducts tachysterol and lumisterol which are compounds with no adequate risk assessment performed, have only been marginally considered for this EFSA opinion. Furthermore, proceedings in analytics can provide additional insights, which might open up new perspectives, also regarding the bioavailability and potential health benefits of vitamin D-fortified mushrooms and yeast. Therefore, this review is intended to give an overview on the current status of UV irradiation in mushrooms and yeast in general and provide a detailed assessment on the potential health effects of UV-irradiated baker’s yeast.
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease, worldwide. The molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, involving numerous signalling molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs). Dysregulation of miRNA expression is associated with hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although miRNAs are also critical to the cellular response to vitamin D, mediating regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D’s anticancer effects, a role for vitamin D regulated miRNAs in NAFLD pathogenesis has been relatively unexplored. Therefore, this review aimed to critically assess the evidence for a potential subset of miRNAs that are both dysregulated in NAFLD and modulated by vitamin D. Comprehensive review of 89 human studies identified 25 miRNAs found dysregulated in more than one NAFLD study. In contrast, only 17 studies, including a protocol for a trial in NAFLD, had examined miRNAs in relation to vitamin D status, response to supplementation, or vitamin D in the context of the liver. This paper summarises these data and reviews the biological roles of six miRNAs (miR-21, miR-30, miR-34, miR-122, miR-146, miR-200) found dysregulated in multiple independent NAFLD studies. While modulation of miRNAs by vitamin D has been understudied, integrating the data suggests seven vitamin D modulated miRNAs (miR-27, miR-125, miR-155, miR-192, miR-223, miR-375, miR-378) potentially relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis. Our summary tables provide a significant resource to underpin future hypothesis-driven research, and we conclude that the measurement of serum and hepatic miRNAs in response to vitamin D supplementation in larger trials is warranted.
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27
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Lai R, Hsu Y, Shie F, Huang C, Chen M, Juang J. Non-genomic rewiring of vitamin D receptor to p53 as a key to Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13509. [PMID: 34725922 PMCID: PMC8672786 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational epidemiological studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether vitamin D deficiency would result in some impacts on the vitamin D binding receptor (VDR) remains to be characterized in AD. Vitamin D helps maintain adult brain health genomically through binding with and activating a VDR/retinoid X receptor (RXR) transcriptional complex. Thus, we investigated the role of VDR in AD using postmortem human brains, APP/PS1 mice, and cell cultures. Intriguingly, although vitamin D was decreased in AD patients and mice, hippocampal VDR levels were inversely increased. The abnormally increased levels of VDR were found to be colocalized with Aβ plaques, gliosis and autophagosomes, implicating a non-genomic activation of VDR in AD pathogenesis. Mechanistic investigation revealed that Aβ upregulated VDR without its canonical ligand vitamin D and switched its heterodimer binding-partner from RXR to p53. The VDR/p53 complex localized mostly in the cytosol, increased neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. Chemically inhibiting p53 switched VDR back to RXR, reversing amyloidosis and cognitive impairment in AD mice. These results suggest a non-genomic rewiring of VDR to p53 is key for the progression of AD, and thus VDR/p53 pathway might be targeted to treat people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai‐Hua Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Yueh‐Ying Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Feng‐Shiun Shie
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Che‐Ching Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in MedicineDepartment of Life SciencesNTHU & NHRINational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Mei‐Hsin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Jyh‐Lyh Juang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
- Ph.D. Program for AgingChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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28
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Tintut Y, Honda HM, Demer LL. Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101482. [PMID: 34680115 PMCID: PMC8533507 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, once considered a degenerative, end-stage, and inevitable condition, is now recognized as a complex process regulated in a manner similar to skeletal bone at the molecular and cellular levels. Since the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein in calcified human atherosclerotic lesions, decades of research have now led to the recognition that the regulatory mechanisms and the biomolecules that control cardiovascular calcification overlap with those controlling skeletal mineralization. In this review, we focus on key biomolecules driving the ectopic calcification in the circulation and their regulation by metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory stimuli. Although calcium deposits in the vessel wall introduce rupture stress at their edges facing applied tensile stress, they simultaneously reduce rupture stress at the orthogonal edges, leaving the net risk of plaque rupture and consequent cardiac events depending on local material strength. A clinically important consequence of the shared mechanisms between the vascular and bone tissues is that therapeutic agents designed to inhibit vascular calcification may adversely affect skeletal mineralization and vice versa. Thus, it is essential to consider both systems when developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Henry M. Honda
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-206-2677
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29
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Martín Giménez VM, Lahore H, Ferder L, Holick MF, Manucha W. The little-explored therapeutic potential of nanoformulations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and its active analogs in prevalent inflammatory and oxidative disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2327-2330. [PMID: 34610750 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| | | | - León Ferder
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA.,The University of Maimonides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael F Holick
- Section on Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
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30
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Houben T, Yadati T, de Kruijf R, Gijbels MJJ, Luiken JJFP, van Zandvoort M, Kapsokalyvas D, Lütjohann D, Westerterp M, Plat J, Leake D, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Pro-Inflammatory Implications of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716357. [PMID: 34489968 PMCID: PMC8417873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle- and genetically induced disorders related to disturbances in cholesterol metabolism have shown the detrimental impact of excessive cholesterol levels on a plethora of pathological processes such as inflammation. In this context, two-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) is increasingly considered as a novel pharmacological compound to decrease cellular cholesterol levels due to its ability to increase cholesterol solubility. However, recent findings have reported contra-indicating events after the use of CD questioning the clinical applicability of this compound. Given its potential as a therapeutic compound in metabolic inflammatory diseases, in this study, we evaluated the inflammatory effects of CD administration in the context of cholesterol-induced metabolic inflammation in vivo and in vitro. The inflammatory and cholesterol-depleting effects of CD were first investigated in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/) mice that were transplanted with Npc1nih or Npc1wt bone marrow and were fed either regular chow or a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFC) diet for 12 weeks, thereby creating an extreme model of lysosomal cholesterol-induced metabolic inflammation. In the final three weeks, these mice received daily injections of either control (saline) or CD subcutaneously. Subsequently, the inflammatory properties of CD were investigated in vitro in two macrophage cell lines and in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). While CD administration improved cholesterol mobilization outside lysosomes in BMDMs, an overall pro-inflammatory profile was observed after CD treatment, evidenced by increased hepatic inflammation in vivo and a strong increase in cytokine release and inflammatory gene expression in vitro in murine BMDMs and macrophages cell lines. Nevertheless, this CD-induced pro-inflammatory profile was time-dependent, as short term exposure to CD did not result in a pro-inflammatory response in BMDM. While CD exerts desired cholesterol-depleting effects, its inflammatory effect is dependent on the exposure time. As such, using CD in the clinic, especially in a metabolic inflammatory context, should be closely monitored as it may lead to undesired, pro-inflammatory side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Houben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tulasi Yadati
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Robbin de Kruijf
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hogeschool (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dimitris Kapsokalyvas
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hogeschool (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David Leake
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Health and Life Sciences Building, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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31
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Tintut Y, Demer LL. Potential impact of the steroid hormone, vitamin D, on the vasculature. Am Heart J 2021; 239:147-153. [PMID: 34051171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in the cardiovascular system is complex because it regulates expression of genes involved in diverse metabolic processes. Although referred to as a vitamin, it is more accurately considered a steroid hormone, because it is produced endogenously in the presence of ultraviolet light. It occurs as a series of sequentially activated forms, here referred to as vitamin D-hormones. A little-known phenomenon, based on pre-clinical data, is that its biodistribution and potential effects on vascular disease likely depend on whether it is derived from diet or sunlight. Diet-derived vitamin D-hormones are carried in the blood, at least in part, in chylomicrons and lipoprotein particles, including low-density lipoprotein. Since low-density lipoprotein is known to accumulate in the artery wall and atherosclerotic plaque, diet-derived vitamin D-hormones may also collect there, and possibly promote the osteochondrogenic mineralization associated with plaque. Also, little known is the fact that the body stores vitamin D-hormones in adipose tissue with a half-life on the order of months, raising doubts about whether the use of the term "daily requirement" is appropriate. Cardiovascular effects of vitamin D-hormones are controversial, and risk appears to increase with both low and high blood levels. Since low serum vitamin D-hormone concentration is reportedly associated with increased cardiovascular and orthopedic risk, oral supplementation is widely used, often together with calcium supplements. However, meta-analyses show that oral vitamin D-hormone supplementation does not protect against cardiovascular events, findings that are also supported by a randomized controlled trial. These considerations suggest that prevalent recommendations for vitamin D-hormone supplementation for the purpose of cardiovascular protection should be carefully reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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Kahn M. Taking the road less traveled - the therapeutic potential of CBP/β-catenin antagonists. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:701-719. [PMID: 34633266 PMCID: PMC8745629 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1992386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AREAS COVERED This perspective discusses the challenges of targeting the Wnt signaling cascade, the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential of specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists and a rationale for the pleiotropic effects of CBP/β-catenin antagonists beyond Wnt signaling. EXPERT OPINION CBP/β-catenin antagonists can correct lineage infidelity, enhance wound healing, both normal and aberrant (e.g. fibrosis) and force the differentiation and lineage commitment of stem cells and cancer stem cells by regulating enhancer and super-enhancer coactivator occupancy. Small molecule CBP/β-catenin antagonists rebalance the equilibrium between CBP/β-catenin versus p300/β-catenin dependent transcription and may be able to treat or prevent many diseases of aging, via maintenance of our somatic stem cell pool, and regulating mitochondrial function and metabolism involved in differentiation and immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road Flower Building, Duarte, CA, USA
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Alharbi A. A Potential Role of Vitamin D on Platelet Leukocyte Aggregation and Pathological Events in Sepsis: An Updated Review. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3651-3664. [PMID: 34354363 PMCID: PMC8331079 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s321362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and sepsis are both significant global health problems. Insufficient vitamin D is considered to be a pathogenically relevant factor of sepsis-related deaths; however, a causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated. Recently, vitamin D has been an exciting field of research owing to the identification of vitamin D receptors on many extra skeletal tissues and cells, suggesting an unexpected role on body physiology, beyond its effects on bone homeostasis. However, while the role of vitamin D on bone health is widely understood and has been successfully translated into clinical applications and public health policies, recent evidence supporting its role in other physiological and pathological processes has not been fully established. In sepsis, there is an induction of local intracellular vitamin D activity by most immune cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells, to ensure efficient clearance of infective microorganisms and mediate anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic effects. The literature suggests an association between low vitamin D levels and sepsis, but clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. A greater understanding of this role may improve disease management. This article reviews the available knowledge regarding vitamin D in immune function, emerging literature regarding the association between its deficiency and sepsis, as well as presenting its potential effect on platelet leukocyte aggregations (PLAs), a significant pathology in sepsis. It also summarizes clinical trials involving vitamin D supplementation during critical illness and sepsis and addresses the impact of relevant factors of sepsis pathogenesis on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation, which could contribute to the reported inconsistencies. Looking ahead, further studies are required to uncover the possible modulatory relationship between vitamin D and sepsis to define better cut-offs for its levels, proper timing of its administration, and the optimum dosage for best management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzah Alharbi
- Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abed MN, Alassaf FA, Qazzaz ME, Alfahad M, Jasim MHM. Insights into the Perspective Correlation Between Vitamin D and Regulation of Hormones: Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-021-09279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang Q, Lin P, Feng L, Ren Q, Xie X, Zhang B. Ameliorative effect of allicin on vascular calcification via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Vascular 2021; 30:999-1007. [PMID: 34301159 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211035291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular calcification (VC) is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there are currently no effective methods to reverse or prevent it. The present study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of allicin on VC. METHODS VC model of rats was induced by high-dose vitamin D3, which was valued by Alizarin Red staining, calcium contents, and alkaline phosphatase in the aorta. Systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse wave velocity were measured to determine aortic stiffness. Protein levels were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Allicin treatment rescued aortic VC and stiffness. The increased protein levels of RUNX2 and BMP2, two markers of osteoblastic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells, in the calcified aorta were attenuated by allicin, whereas the decreased levels of calponin and SM22α induced by calcification were improved. Allicin treatment significantly attenuated the increased protein levels of GRP78, GRP94, and CHOP, which are key markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, in the calcified aorta. The activation of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 cascades was also prevented by allicin. CONCLUSIONS Allicin could ameliorate aortic VC and stiffness. The ameliorative effect of allicin on VC might be mediated by inhibiting PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 cascades. Our results might provide a new proof for VC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Geriatric Department, The Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Geriatric Department, The Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Feng
- Geriatric Department, The Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Geriatric Department, The Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Geriatric Department, The Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Geriatric Department, The Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
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Chinetti G, Neels JG. Roles of Nuclear Receptors in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6491. [PMID: 34204304 PMCID: PMC8235358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is defined as an inappropriate accumulation of calcium depots occurring in soft tissues, including the vascular wall. Growing evidence suggests that vascular calcification is an actively regulated process, sharing similar mechanisms with bone formation, implicating both inhibitory and inducible factors, mediated by osteoclast-like and osteoblast-like cells, respectively. This process, which occurs in nearly all the arterial beds and in both the medial and intimal layers, mainly involves vascular smooth muscle cells. In the vascular wall, calcification can have different clinical consequences, depending on the pattern, localization and nature of calcium deposition. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors widely expressed, activated by specific ligands that control the expression of target genes involved in a multitude of pathophysiological processes, including metabolism, cancer, inflammation and cell differentiation. Some of them act as drug targets. In this review we describe and discuss the role of different nuclear receptors in the control of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chinetti
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France;
| | - Jaap G. Neels
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
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Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK. Vitamin D and Vascular Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:250-268. [PMID: 32183681 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200317151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a potential risk factor for a number of diseases unrelated to the classical skeletal pathophysiology, such as cancer and CVD, but the effects of vitamin D supplementation are less clear. Purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the evidence suggesting an association between vitamin D status and CVD as well as the results of supplementation studies. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus as well as with cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. While vitamin D deficiency might contribute to the development of CVD through its association with risk factors, direct effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system may also be involved. Vitamin D receptors are expressed in a variety of tissues, including cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Moreover, vitamin D has been shown to affect inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. While observational studies support an association between low plasma vitamin D levels and increased risk of CVD, Mendelian randomization studies do not support a causal association between the two. At present, high quality randomized trials do not find evidence of significant effects on CVD endpoints and do not support supplementation of vitamin D to decrease CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiner K Berthold
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany
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38
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Alfarouk KO, AlHoufie STS, Ahmed SBM, Shabana M, Ahmed A, Alqahtani SS, Alqahtani AS, Alqahtani AM, Ramadan AM, Ahmed ME, Ali HS, Bashir A, Devesa J, Cardone RA, Ibrahim ME, Schwartz L, Reshkin SJ. Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:77-93. [PMID: 34063739 PMCID: PMC8163157 DOI: 10.3390/jox11020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, occurring due to SARS-COV-2 infection, is the most recent pandemic disease that has led to three million deaths at the time of writing. A great deal of effort has been directed towards altering the virus trajectory and/or managing the interactions of the virus with its subsequent targets in the human body; these interactions can lead to a chain reaction-like state manifested by a cytokine storm and progress to multiple organ failure. During cytokine storms the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory mediators is generally increased, which contributes to the instigation of hyper-inflammation and confers advantages to the virus. Because cytokine expression patterns fluctuate from one person to another and even within the same person from one time to another, we suggest a road map of COVID-19 management using an individual approach instead of focusing on the blockbuster process (one treatment for most people, if not all). Here, we highlight the biology of the virus, study the interaction between the virus and humans, and present potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological modulators that might contribute to the global war against SARS-COV-2. We suggest an algorithmic roadmap to manage COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O. Alfarouk
- Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Department of Evolutionary Pharmacology and Tumor Metabolism, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
| | - Sari T. S. AlHoufie
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samrein B. M. Ahmed
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mona Shabana
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Oesphogastric and General Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK;
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 66446, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - AbdelRahman M. Ramadan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed E. Ahmed
- Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Heyam S. Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 321, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Adil Bashir
- Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Department of Evolutionary Pharmacology and Tumor Metabolism, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Jesus Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Muntaser E. Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | | | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
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Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Lorinsky MK, Karamanis D, Chamorro-Pareja N, Ognibene J, Palaiodimos L, Mantzoros CS. Vitamin D Status Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality and Mechanical Ventilation: A Cohort of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:875-886. [PMID: 33714594 PMCID: PMC7834253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in-hospital mortality and need for invasive mechanical ventilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted at 2 tertiary academic medical centers in Boston and New York. Eligible participants were hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between February 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, medications, and disease-related outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. RESULTS The final analysis included 144 patients with confirmed COVID-19 (median age, 66 years; 64 [44.4%] male). Overall mortality was 18%, whereas patients with 25(OH)D levels of 30 ng/mL (to convert to nmol/L, multiply by 2.496) and higher had lower rates of mortality compared with those with 25(OH)D levels below 30 ng/mL (9.2% vs 25.3%; P=.02). In the adjusted multivariable analyses, 25(OH)D as a continuous variable was independently significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.98; P=.007) and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99; P=.01). Similar data were obtained when 25(OH)D was studied as a continuous variable after logarithm transformation and as a dichotomous (<30 ng/mL vs ≥30 ng/mL) or ordinal variable (quintiles) in the multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION Among patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with in-hospital mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Further observational studies are needed to confirm these findings, and randomized clinical trials must be conducted to assess the role of vitamin D administration in improving the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael K Lorinsky
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Natalia Chamorro-Pareja
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Leonidas Palaiodimos
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Division of Hospital Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Abstract
Vitamin D can be obtained from diet, direct sunlight, or supplementation. The most common form is synthesized in the skin after exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. Nevertheless, the thought is that vitamin D is more of a multifunctional hormone or prohormone. This is because vitamin D plays contributes to many processes in the body. Calcitriol has been shown to have enhancing effects on the immune system, the cardiovascular system, the endocrine system, and other metabolic pathways. There is evidence that vitamin D has also a role in depression, pain, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Ellison
- Austin Peay State University, School of Nursing, 601 College Street, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA.
| | - Heather R Moran
- Austin Peay State University, School of Nursing, 601 College Street, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA
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Maternal vitamin D deficiency influences long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and pregnancy outcome in association with alterations in one-carbon metabolism. Nutr Res 2021; 86:37-49. [PMID: 33482597 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder, leading to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Abnormal placentation has been reported in preeclampsia. Nutrients like vitamin D and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are known to play a role in placental development. In an animal model, we have previously demonstrated that maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio and contributes to inflammation and vasoconstriction. We hypothesize that maternal vitamin D status influences placental LCPUFA metabolism through alterations in one carbon metabolism in women with preeclampsia. To test this hypothesis, we recruited 69 normotensive control (NC) women and 50 women with preeclampsia. Women with preeclampsia had lower placental protein and mRNA levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), higher plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and total omega-6 fatty acids in the placenta. Women with preeclampsia also demonstrated higher placental mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as compared to NC women. Maternal 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with maternal plasma MDA levels. Placental vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels were positively associated with CBS while maternal MDA levels were positively associated with serum levels of thromboxane-B2 (TXB2) levels. Our findings indicate that vitamin D deficiency increases oxidative stress through alterations in one carbon metabolism to influence pro-inflammatory omega-6 metabolic pathway in the placenta. This study demonstrates a possible mechanism through which vitamin D deficiency can result in an imbalance in the LCPUFA metabolites and contribute to placental inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia.
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Barrea L, Frias-Toral E, Pugliese G, Garcia-Velasquez E, DE Los Angeles Carignano M, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Vitamin D in obesity and obesity-related diseases: an overview. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:177-192. [PMID: 33213116 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D and obesity represent two pandemic conditions sometimes associated with each other. Although it is known that there is a close relationship between these two health problems, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism has not yet been fully clarified. In fact, on the one hand, obesity per se seems to involve low circulating levels of vitamin D due to low sun exposure, physical activity, and intake of foods rich in vitamin D, volumetric dilution and sequestration in the adipose tissue. Conversely, since preadipocytes and adipocytes express the receptors and are involved in the metabolism of vitamin D it would seem that low levels of this vitamin may be involved in adipogenesis and therefore in the development of obesity. This connection is extremely important when considering obesity-related diseases. In fact, low vitamin D levels and severe obesity are significantly associated with some cardio-metabolic risk factors, including high Body Mass Index, waist circumference, blood pressure, impaired lipid and glycemic profile and insulin resistance, as they would seem associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes and higher cancer incidence and mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the recent evidence linking low vitamin D status, obesity and obesity-related diseases, highlighting the scientific achievements and the gaps to be filled with further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy - .,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy -
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- SOLCA Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Savastano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management (COM) of The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Motamed S, Nikooyeh B, Kashanian M, Chamani M, Hollis BW, Neyestani TR. Evaluation of the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic, lipidemic and oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:619. [PMID: 33054794 PMCID: PMC7556979 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is common and is likely to be associated with metabolic complications in the mother. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and cord blood vitamin D status and metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers. METHODS The eligible pregnant women (n = 84) invited to participate in the study and randomly allocated to one of the two supplementation groups (1000 IU/d vitamin D and 2000 IU/d). Biochemical assessments of mothers including serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphate, iPTH, fasting serum sugar (FBS), insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were done at the beginning and 34 weeks of gestation. Cord blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, iPTH, MDA and TAC were assessed at delivery as well. To determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic markers 1-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Between groups comparisons was done by using Independent-samples Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS Supplementation with 1000 IU/d and 2000 IU/d vitamin D resulted in significant changes in vitamin D status over pregnancy (24.01 ± 21.7, P < 0.001 in 1000 IU/d group and 46.7 ± 30.6 nmol/L, P < 0.001 in 2000 IU/d group). Daily intake of 2000 compared with 1000 IU/d tended to increase the serum concentration of HDL-C (10 ± 8.37, P < 0.001 in 1000 IU/d group and 9.52 ± 11.39 mg/dL, P < 0.001 in 2000 IU/d group). A significant decrement in serum concentration of iPTH observed in both groups (- 4.18 ± 7.5, P = 0.002 in 1000 IU/d group and - 8.36 ± 14.17, P = 0.002 in 2000 IU/d group). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with 2000 IU/d vitamin D as compared with 1000 IU/d, is more effective in promoting vitamin D status and HDL-C serum concentration and in decreasing iPTH over pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03308487 ). Registered 12 October 2017 'retrospectively registered'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabe Motamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods (Gharb), Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Maryam Kashanian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Chamani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods (Gharb), Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
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Kowalówka M, Główka AK, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Kosewski G. Clinical Significance of Analysis of Vitamin D Status in Various Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2788. [PMID: 32933052 PMCID: PMC7551674 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role not only in the proper functioning of the skeletal system and the calcium-phosphate equilibrium, but also in the immune system, the cardiovascular system and the growth and division of cells. Although numerous studies have reported on the analysis of vitamin D status in various groups of patients, the clinical significance of measurements of vitamin D forms and metabolites remains ambiguous. This article reviews the reports analyzing the status of vitamin D in various chronic states. Particular attention is given to factors affecting measurement of vitamin D forms and metabolites. Relevant papers published during recent years were identified by an extensive PubMed search using appropriate keywords. Measurement of vitamin D status proved to be a useful tool in diagnosis and progression of metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders and cancer. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has become the preferred method for analyzing the various forms and metabolites of vitamin D in biological fluids. Factors influencing vitamin D concentration, including socio-demographic and biochemical factors as well as the genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor, along with vitamin D transporters and enzymes participating in vitamin D metabolism should be considered as potential confounders of the interpretation of plasma total 25(OH)D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Anna K. Główka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kosewski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
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Giustina A, Adler RA, Binkley N, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Dawson-Hughes B, Ebeling PR, Feldman D, Formenti AM, Lazaretti-Castro M, Marcocci C, Rizzoli R, Sempos CT, Bilezikian JP. Consensus statement from 2 nd International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:89-116. [PMID: 32180081 PMCID: PMC7113202 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2nd International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held in Monteriggioni (Siena), Italy, September 11-14, 2018. The aim of this meeting was to address ongoing controversies and timely topics in vitamin D research, to review available data related to these topics and controversies, to promote discussion to help resolve lingering issues and ultimately to suggest a research agenda to clarify areas of uncertainty. Several issues from the first conference, held in 2017, were revisited, such as assays used to determine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, which remains a critical and controversial issue for defining vitamin D status. Definitions of vitamin D nutritional status (i.e. sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency) were also revisited. New areas were reviewed, including vitamin D threshold values and how they should be defined in the context of specific diseases, sources of vitamin D and risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Non-skeletal aspects related to vitamin D were also discussed, including the reproductive system, neurology, chronic kidney disease and falls. The therapeutic role of vitamin D and findings from recent clinical trials were also addressed. The topics were considered by 3 focus groups and divided into three main areas: 1) "Laboratory": assays and threshold values to define vitamin D status; 2) "Clinical": sources of vitamin D and risk factors and role of vitamin D in non-skeletal disease and 3) "Therapeutics": controversial issues on observational studies and recent randomized controlled trials. In this report, we present a summary of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giustina
- Chair of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R A Adler
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - N Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program and Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - B Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - D Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A M Formenti
- Chair of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Rizzoli
- Divison of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C T Sempos
- Vitamin D Standardization Program LLC, Havre de Grace, MD, USA
| | - J P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010169. [PMID: 31936113 PMCID: PMC7019983 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by sustained vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, inflammation, and in situ thrombosis. Although there have been important advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of PAH, it remains a debilitating, limiting, and rapidly progressive disease. Vitamin D and iron deficiency are worldwide health problems of pandemic proportions. Notably, these nutritional alterations are largely more prevalent in PAH patients than in the general population and there are several pieces of evidence suggesting that they may trigger or aggravate disease progression. There are also several case reports associating scurvy, due to severe vitamin C deficiency, with PAH. Flavonoids such as quercetin, isoflavonoids such as genistein, and other dietary polyphenols including resveratrol slow the progression of the disease in animal models of PAH. Finally, the role of the gut microbiota and its interplay with the diet, host immune system, and energy metabolism is emerging in multiple cardiovascular diseases. The alteration of the gut microbiota has also been reported in animal models of PAH. It is thus possible that in the near future interventions targeting the nutritional status and the gut dysbiosis will improve the outcome of these patients.
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Vitamin D Supplementation Ameliorates Severity of Major Depressive Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:230-235. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses recent developments in studies of lipid regulation of calcific disease of arteries and cardiac valves, including the role of nuclear receptors. The role of lipid-soluble signals and their receptors is timely given the recent evidence and concerns that lipid-lowering treatment may increase the rate of progression of coronary artery calcification, which has been long associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Understanding the mechanisms will be important for interpreting such clinical information. RECENT FINDINGS New findings support regulation of calcific vascular and valvular disease by nuclear receptors, including the vitamin D receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, nutrient-sensing nuclear receptors (liver X receptor, farnesoid X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), and sex hormone (estrogen and androgen) receptors. There were two major unexpected findings: first, vitamin D supplementation, which was previously believed to prevent or reduce vascular calcification, showed no cardiovascular benefit in large randomized, controlled trials. Second, both epidemiological studies and coronary intravascular ultrasound studies suggest that treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors increases progression of coronary artery calcification, raising a question of whether there are mechanically stable and unstable forms of coronary calcification. SUMMARY For clinical practice and research, these new findings offer new fundamental mechanisms for vascular calcification and provide new cautionary insights for therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Sallam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
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Huang T, Afzal S, Yu C, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Chen Y, Chen N, Gao R, Chen J, Clarke R, Chen Z, Ellervik C, Nordestgaard BG, Lv J, Li L. Vitamin D and cause-specific vascular disease and mortality: a Mendelian randomisation study involving 99,012 Chinese and 106,911 European adults. BMC Med 2019; 17:160. [PMID: 31466528 PMCID: PMC6716818 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomised control trials and genetic analyses have demonstrated that vitamin D or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels may not play a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear if 25(OH)D is causally associated with cause-specific vascular disease and lipids. Therefore, we examined the causal association of 25(OH)D with myocardial infarction, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, and lipid levels among both Chinese and Europeans. METHODS We used a Mendelian randomisation (MR) design in the China Kadoorie Biobank, the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and the Copenhagen General Population Study. The 25(OH)D-related genetic variants in the CYP2R1 and DCHR7 genes were genotyped in 99,012 Chinese adults and 106,911 Danish adults. RESULTS In Chinese adults, plasma 25(OH)D levels were not significantly associated with cause-specific vascular disease or mortality, with the exception of intracerebral haemorrhage (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.01,1.18] per 25 nmol/L higher plasma 25(OH)D). In Europeans, plasma 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with all types of vascular diseases and mortality. However, MR analysis did not demonstrate causal associations of genetically increased 25(OH)D levels with cause-specific vascular diseases, or mortality in both Chinese and European adults. In addition, each 25 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D was observationally associated with lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Likewise, MR analysis showed that 25(OH)D levels were not causally associated with lipids in both Chinese and European adults after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support that genetically increased 25(OH)D was associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and lipid levels in both Chinese and European adults. These results suggest that the inverse associations of vitamin D with vascular disease could be the result of confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ningyu Chen
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ruqin Gao
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Li Q, Dai Z, Cao Y, Wang L. Association of C-reactive protein and vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular disease: A nationwide cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2008. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42:663-669. [PMID: 31020672 PMCID: PMC6605633 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The association of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unknown. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional analysis on 3848 participants by using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007 to 2008). CVD was defined as a compromise of stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and coronary heart disease. High CRP was defined as ≥0.2 mg/dL, and vitamin D status were categorized as severe deficiency, <25 nmol/mL; deficiency, 25 to 49.9 nmol/mL; insufficiency, 50 to 74.9 nmol/mL; and normal, ≥75 nmol/mL. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models. Results We found that both high CRP and low 25(OH)D levels were associated with CVD. Participants with high CRP levels and severe vitamin D deficiency had a higher likelihood of having CVD than those with neither risk factor (odds ratio = 2.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.45‐4.98, P = .0017). In stratified analysis, a significant positive association between vitamin D level and CVD was observed only in the high CRP group. However, in the absence of high CRP, even with severe vitamin D deficiency, no association was found with an increasing risk of CVD (P = .6416). Conclusion Within a cross‐sectional, nationally representative sample, these findings suggest that vitamin D status evaluation, or vitamin D supplement may be especially important for individuals with high CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenguo Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuze Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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