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Miller R, Li C, Olete RA, Jimba M. Disparities in HIV incidence and mortality rates between Japanese nationals and international migrants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Japan's national HIV surveillance data (2018-2021). AIDS Care 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39102870 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2383867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Migrants often encounter heightened health risks during crises. We analysed the disparities in the burden of HIV between Japanese nationals and international migrants in Japan by comparing new HIV infections, AIDS cases, and HIV-related deaths between 2018-2019 (pre-COVID-19) and 2020-2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). Between 2018 and 2021, 4,705 new HIV infections were reported in Japan (2,813 Japanese nationals and 522 international migrants). Additionally, 1,370 AIDS cases (1,188 Japanese nationals, 182 international migrants) were recorded, representing 29.1% of the total. Comparative analysis of HIV incidence and mortality rates between Japanese nationals and international migrants indicates elevated disparities: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the HIV incidence rate among Japanese nationals decreased from 1.8 to 1.5 cases/100,000 people, while the rate among international migrants remained high at 12.8 cases/100,000 people. The AIDS incidence also increased for international migrants from 2.8 to 3.8 per 100,000 people, while Japanese nationals maintained a low at 0.5 per 100,000 people. International migrants living with HIV experienced a significantly younger age at death due to HIV-related illness (coefficient = -11.7, p < .01). The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the disparities with more international migrants living with HIV being diagnosed late and with less precise reporting. Investment in more equitable HIV care is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Miller
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo College, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hwang DJ, Cho JY, Hyun AH. Contactless exercise intervention in prenatal and postnatal period during COVID-19 lowers the risk of postpartum depression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9780. [PMID: 38684812 PMCID: PMC11058814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial adverse impact on the physical and mental health of pregnant and postpartum women, thereby increasing the risk of postpartum depression (PPD). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a continuous contactless exercise intervention in reducing the risk of depression during the prenatal and postnatal periods. The study utilized an interactive contactless exercise program consisting of Pilates movement over a 16-week period, with 8 weeks during pregnancy and 8 weeks after childbirth. Metabolic and psychological factors related to postpartum depression, including pain, stress, and stress-response markers, were analyzed. The results showed that the exercise intervention significantly alleviated postpartum depression by improving pain (Oswestry Disability Index: Non-exercise, 11.4 ± 14.8 versus Exercise, - 63.1 ± 18.4, p < .001) and stress factors (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Non-exercise, 8.8 ± 8.72 versus Exercise, - 37.6 ± 9.13, p < .001; Perceived Stress Scale: Non-exercise, 9.21 ± 9.35 versus Exercise, - 20.7 ± 14.4, p < .001) caused by physical/structural imbalances in postpartum women. Additionally, the intervention improved the metabolic imbalances commonly observed after childbirth, including reductions in triglyceride (Interaction effect, p = .017), insulin (Interaction effect, p = .032), and cortisol levels (Interaction effect, p < .001), which are recognized risk factors for postpartum depression. Taken together, these findings suggest that contactless online exercise interventions can mitigate postpartum depression by addressing metabolic dysregulation that frequently occurs after delivery, especially in situations of social isolation caused by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo Hwang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
- Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah-Hyun Hyun
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Herrick C, Bell K. The social life of natural experiments in epidemiology and public health. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2024; 46:276-294. [PMID: 37596959 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the twentieth century, the concept of the natural experiment has become increasingly prominent across a variety of disciplines, albeit most consequentially in epidemiology and public health. Drawing on an analysis of the scientific and medical literature, we explore the social life of the natural experiment, tracing its changing use, meaning and uptake to better understand the work done by the concept. We demonstrate how the natural experiment became central to the identity of post-war epidemiology as the discipline professionalised, turned its attention to the prevention of chronic disease and took centre stage in the field of public health. We then turn to its growing significance amid the rise of evidence-based medicine, and the new meanings natural experiments came to take on in the context of concerns about policy and evidence. Finally, we turn to the newest iteration of the natural experiment in the COVID-19 era, which saw an explosion of studies drawing on the term, albeit in ways that reveal more about the underlying politics of health than the method itself. Throughout, we illustrate that the concept of the natural experiment has always been fundamentally social and political and tied to disciplinary claims-making about evidence and what should count as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Herrick
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Bell
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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4
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Bian S, Guo X, Yang X, Wei Y, Yang Z, Cheng S, Yan J, Chen Y, Chen GB, Du X, Francis SS, Shu Y, Liu S. Genetic determinants of IgG antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:181-199. [PMID: 38181733 PMCID: PMC10806743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Human humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines exhibit substantial inter-individual variability and have been linked to vaccine efficacy. To elucidate the underlying mechanism behind this variability, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the anti-spike IgG serostatus of UK Biobank participants who were previously uninfected by SARS-CoV-2 and had received either the first dose (n = 54,066) or the second dose (n = 46,232) of COVID-19 vaccines. Our analysis revealed significant genome-wide associations between the IgG antibody serostatus following the initial vaccine and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles. Specifically, the HLA-DRB1∗13:02 allele (MAF = 4.0%, OR = 0.75, p = 2.34e-16) demonstrated the most statistically significant protective effect against IgG seronegativity. This protective effect was driven by an alteration from arginine (Arg) to glutamic acid (Glu) at position 71 on HLA-DRβ1 (p = 1.88e-25), leading to a change in the electrostatic potential of pocket 4 of the peptide binding groove. Notably, the impact of HLA alleles on IgG responses was cell type specific, and we observed a shared genetic predisposition between IgG status and susceptibility/severity of COVID-19. These results were replicated within independent cohorts where IgG serostatus was assayed by two different antibody serology tests. Our findings provide insights into the biological mechanism underlying individual variation in responses to COVID-19 vaccines and highlight the need to consider the influence of constitutive genetics when designing vaccination strategies for optimizing protection and control of infectious disease across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xilai Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuandan Wei
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zijing Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shiyao Cheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Bo Chen
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of General Practice Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310063, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, P.R. China.
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
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5
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Low G, França AB, Wilson DM, Gutman G, von Humboldt S. Suitability of the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire Short Form for Use among Adults in Their 50s: A Cross-Sectional e-Survey Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7035. [PMID: 37998266 PMCID: PMC10671007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional e-survey study examines the suitability (reliability and validity) of the 12-item Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire Short Form (AAQ-SF) for use among adults in their 50s. The AAQ-SF instrument was originally designed to capture subjective perceptions of physical change, psychosocial loss, and psychological growth by asking people aged 60 and beyond how they feel about growing older. Our sample comprised 517 people residing in three Canadian provinces. Respondents completed the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire Short Form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and a short sociodemographic profile. Our findings replicate the original AAQ-SF structure for physical change, psychosocial loss, and psychological growth, with a promising internal consistency range for the third subscale. In our sample, psychological growth is best represented as 'Self' and 'Generativity', with a particularly greater capacity to explain variations in scores for item 18 and item 21. Physical change and psychosocial loss scores strongly differed based on perceived health and chronic illness presence. Psychosocial loss and psychological growth were moderately correlated with two aspects of self-esteem. We relate these patterns of findings within the context of prevailing growth and development theory and their perceived implications within the context of COVID-19 and post-pandemic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Low
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Alex Bacadini França
- Laboratory of Human Development and Cognition, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Donna M Wilson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Gloria Gutman
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada
| | - Sofia von Humboldt
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
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Li R, Cai M, Qian ZM, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Arnold LD, Howard SW, Li H, Lin H. Ambient air pollution, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition associated with type 2 diabetes: findings from a national prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157838. [PMID: 35934032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combined effects of ambient air pollution, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition on incident Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) have not been well documented. METHODS A total of 263,733 participants without T2D at baseline were identified from the UK Biobank. Annual concentrations of five air pollutants were estimated using Land Use Regression, while a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed using 7 major lifestyle factors, and polygenic risk score (PRS) was generated using 73 genetic variants. Cox regression was used to determine the association between air pollution and incident T2D for different HLS/PRS categories. Potential HLS/PRS interactions and population attributable fraction (PAF) were also examined. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.94 years, 7827 (2.97 %) incident T2D cases were identified. Association between air pollution and incident T2D was stronger among those with higher HLS/PRS in a dose-response fashion. In addition, synergistic interactions between lifestyles and air pollution were observed. Lifestyle was the leading risk factor of T2D with a weighted PAF of 25.54 % (95 % CI: 19.22 %, 27.77 %) for intermediate HLS and 24.24 % (18.24 %, 26.36 %) due to unhealthy HLS. Overall, we estimated that about 25 % of T2D cases could be attributable to air pollution and associated interactions. CONCLUSIONS Associations between air pollution and T2D were stronger among individuals with unhealthier lifestyle on an additive interaction scale. Public health interventions that address both reduction of exposure to high levels of air pollution in addition to lifestyle changes may have more benefit on reducing T2D risk than focusing on lifestyle changes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China.
| | - Lauren D Arnold
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lian Q, Lou C, Zhong X, Zhang J, Tu X, Fang Y, Yu C, Zuo X. Nonconforming gender expression and insufficient sleep among adolescents during COVID-19 school closure and after school reopening. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2037. [PMCID: PMC9640811 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gender nonconformity (GNC) (i.e., gender expression that differs from gender role expectations for feminine or masculine appearance and behavior) is an under-researched area of adolescent sleep health. The COVID-19 lockdown offers an opportunity to understand how the effect of GNC on adolescent health outcomes changes between school closure and reopening.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China, in 2020. The sample size for analysis was 3,265. The age-specific insufficient sleep was estimated according to National Sleep Foundation's sleep duration recommendations. The self-perceived and self-rated GNC were measured by the two items “On the same scale that goes from 100% as a girl to 100% as a boy, where do you think others see you?” and “On a scale that goes from feeling 100% like a girl to feeling 100% like a boy, where do you see yourself?”, and birth sex. In addition, we calculated sex-stratified adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of insufficient sleep for students with high and moderate GNC compared to students with low GNC. Finally, we measured the AORs with self-perceived and self-rated GNC during COVID-19 school closure and reopening.
Results
Among 3,265 students in grade 6–12 in the analytic sample, 1,567(48.0%) were assigned female at birth (AFAB), 3,188 (97.6%) Han, and 1,921(58.8%) in grade 6–9. Among AFAB students, high self-perceived GNC was significantly associated with insufficient sleep (AOR,1.65; 95%CI,1.30–2.09) during school closure. Insufficient sleep was associated with high self-rated GNC (AOR,1.73; 95%CI,1.23–2.44) and moderate self-rated GNC (AOR,1.69; 95%CI,1.29–2.22) during school closure. After school reopening, neither self-perceived nor self-rated GNC was associated with insufficient sleep among AFAB students. Among assigned male at birth (AMAB) students, none of the two kinds of GNC was associated with insufficient sleep in the two periods during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions
This study suggests GNC is only associated with insufficient sleep among AFAB students during school closure. Furthermore, the association is nonsignificant among AMAB students. These findings indicate that GNC-related stigma within the family could be a risk factor for insufficient sleep among AFAB adolescents.
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Klumpp M, Loske D, Bicciato S. COVID-19 health policy evaluation: integrating health and economic perspectives with a data envelopment analysis approach. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2022; 23:1263-1285. [PMID: 35015167 PMCID: PMC8748527 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge to humankind. To improve the knowledge regarding relevant, efficient and effective COVID-19 measures in health policy, this paper applies a multi-criteria evaluation approach with population, health care, and economic datasets from 19 countries within the OECD. The comparative investigation was based on a Data Envelopment Analysis approach as an efficiency measurement method. Results indicate that on the one hand, factors like population size, population density, and country development stage, did not play a major role in successful pandemic management. On the other hand, pre-pandemic healthcare system policies were decisive. Healthcare systems with a primary care orientation and a high proportion of primary care doctors compared to specialists were found to be more efficient than systems with a medium level of resources that were partly financed through public funding and characterized by a high level of access regulation. Roughly two weeks after the introduction of ad hoc measures, e.g., lockdowns and quarantine policies, we did not observe a direct impact on country-level healthcare efficiency, while delayed lockdowns led to significantly lower efficiency levels during the first COVID-19 wave in 2020. From an economic perspective, strategies without general lockdowns were identified as a more efficient strategy than the full lockdown strategy. Additionally, governmental support of short-term work is promising. Improving the efficiency of COVID-19 countermeasures is crucial in saving as many lives as possible with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klumpp
- Chair of Production and Logistics Management, Department for Business Administration, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- FOM University of Applied Sciences Essen, Leimkugelstr. 6, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics IML Dortmund, J.-v.-Fraunhofer-Str. 2-4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Dominic Loske
- Chair of Production and Logistics Management, Department for Business Administration, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- FOM University of Applied Sciences Essen, Leimkugelstr. 6, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Interdepartmental Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CIDSTEM), Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Krishnamoorthy S, Li GH, Cheung C. Transcriptome-wide summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis reveals 38 novel genes associated with severe COVID-19. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28162. [PMID: 36127160 PMCID: PMC9538104 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 has a poor prognosis, while the genetic mechanism underlying severe COVID-19 remains largely unknown. We aimed to identify genes that are potentially causally associated with severe COVID-19. We conducted a summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from 49 different tissues as the exposure and three COVID-19-phenotypes (very severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 [severe COVID-19], hospitalized COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection) as the outcomes. SMR using multiple SNPs was used as a sensitivity analysis to reduce false positive rate. Multiple testing was corrected using the false discovery rate (FDR) q-value. We identified 309 significant gene-trait associations (FDR q value < 0.05) across 46 tissues for severe COVID-19, which mapped to 64 genes, of which 38 are novel. The top five most associated protein-coding genes were Interferon Alpha and Beta Receptor Subunit 2 (IFNAR2), 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase 3 (OAS3), mucin 1 (MUC1), Interleukin 10 Receptor Subunit Beta (IL10RB), and Napsin A Aspartic Peptidase (NAPSA). The potential causal genes were enriched in biological processes related to type I interferons, interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 production, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production. In addition, we further identified 23 genes and 5 biological processes which are unique to hospitalized COVID-19, as well as 13 genes that are unique to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified several genes that are potentially causally associated with severe COVID-19. These findings improve our limited understanding of the mechanism of COVID-19 and shed light on the development of therapeutic agents for treating severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Gloria H.‐Y. Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong
| | - Ching‐Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H)Pak Shek KokHong Kong
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Rząsa K, Ciski M. Influence of the Demographic, Social, and Environmental Factors on the COVID-19 Pandemic-Analysis of the Local Variations Using Geographically Weighted Regression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11881. [PMID: 36231184 PMCID: PMC9564649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, an increasing number of different research studies focusing on various aspects of the pandemic are emerging. Most of the studies focus on the medical aspects of the pandemic, as well as on the impact of COVID-19 on various areas of life; less emphasis is put on analyzing the influence of socio-environmental factors on the spread of the pandemic. In this paper, using the geographically weighted regression method, the extent to which demographic, social, and environmental factors explain the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 is explored. The research was performed for the case-study area of Poland, considering the administrative division of the country into counties. The results showed that the demographic factors best explained the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2; the social factors explained it to a medium degree; and the environmental factors explained it to the lowest degree. Urban population and the associated higher amount and intensity of human contact are the most influential factors in the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the factors related to the areas burdened by social problems resulting primarily from the economic exclusion revealed that poverty-burdened areas are highly vulnerable to the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using maps of the local R2 it was possible to visualize how the relationships between the explanatory variables (for this research-demographic, social, and environmental factors) and the dependent variable (number of cases of SARS-CoV-2) vary across the study area. Through the GWR method, counties were identified as particularly vulnerable to the pandemic because of the problem of economic exclusion. Considering that the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, the results obtained may be useful for local authorities in developing strategies to counter the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateusz Ciski
- Faculty of Geoengineering, Institute of Spatial Management and Geography, Department of Land Management and Geographic Information Systems, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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11
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Abdulrazzaq ZT. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on Iraqi wrestlers. J Med Life 2022; 15:963-966. [PMID: 36188653 PMCID: PMC9514825 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted normal life. At the beginning of March 2020, few cases of infected individuals were recorded, but then the number increased with time, and millions of Iraqi people were forced to stay home, losing many of their daily habits. Banning sports teams from gatherings was a global and local problem facing sports, affecting weight, dietary habits, and other life aspects. This observational retrospective study aimed to determine the changes in athletes' lifestyles like training hours, sleeping hours, weight, and other daily habits. The data were recorded 8 months before the lockdown by their coaches and the medical staff of wrestling teams and after the lockdown by surveys and questionnaires directly from the athletes for this study. The results confirmed that Iraqi wrestlers were still committed to not smoking nor drinking alcohol as before the lockdown, but training hours were down to one hour compared to 3 hours daily before the lockdown. All parts of society were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and athletes were on top of the social pyramid to manage the problems that resulted from the quarantine and social distancing. Athletes, coaches, medical sports staff, nutritionists, and captains should carry the responsibility to return life to its main road as they should double their efforts to win this battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Tareq Abdulrazzaq
- Department of Dentistry, Al-Mustafa University College, Baghdad, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Zeyad Tareq Abdulrazzaq, Department of Dentistry, Al-Mustafa University College, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail:
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12
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Liu S, Zalewski M, Lengua L, Gunnar MR, Giuliani N, Fisher PA. Material hardship level and unpredictability in relation to U.S. households' family interactions and emotional well-being: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2022; 307:115173. [PMID: 35785642 PMCID: PMC9242702 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized to provide rare insight to advance the scientific understanding of early life adversity, such as material hardship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, material hardship (i.e., difficulty paying for basic needs) in families of young children has had detrimental effects on caregivers' and children's well-being. In addition to the degree of material hardship, the week-to-week and month-to-month unpredictability of hardship status may add to families' stress and worsen well-being. This study examined the magnitude of and mechanisms underlying the effects of material hardship level and unpredictability on the well-being of U.S. households with young children during the pandemic. METHODS Data were drawn from the RAPID project, a large ongoing national study that used weekly/biweekly online surveys to investigate the pandemic impact on U.S. households with young children. The current study leveraged data from 4621 families who provided at least three responses between April 2020 and October 2021. RESULTS Findings indicated that racial/ethnic minorities and lower-income households experienced higher levels of material hardship and unpredictability during the pandemic, compared to their White or higher-income counterparts. Levels of pandemic-related material hardship and hardship unpredictability were both significantly associated with worsened well-being among caregivers and children. Finally, the effects of hardship level and unpredictability on well-being outcomes were partially mediated through disrupted family routines. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study highlight that ensuring equal and adequate access to financial resources, as well as promoting financial stability for households with young children are both critical for maintaining functional family dynamics and promoting caregivers' and children's optimal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Liu
- Stanford Center on Early Childhood, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, USA.
| | - Maureen Zalewski
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | | | - Megan R. Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicole Giuliani
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Philip A. Fisher
- Stanford Center on Early Childhood, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, USA
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13
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Ueno Y, Kato S, Mase T, Funamoto Y, Hasegawa K. Human Flow Dataset Reveals Changes in Citizens' Outing Behaviors including Greenspace Visits before and during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kanazawa, Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8728. [PMID: 35886580 PMCID: PMC9322878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Greenspaces, including parks, provide various socio-ecological benefits such as for aesthetics, temperature remediation, biodiversity conservation, and outdoor recreation. The health benefits of urban greenspaces have received particular attention since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has triggered various movement restrictions and lifestyle changes, including regarding the frequency of people's visits to greenspaces. Using mobile-tracking GPS data of Kanazawa citizens, we explored how citizens' behaviors with respect to outings changed before and during Japan's declaration of a COVID-19 state of emergency (April-May 2020). We also examined citizens' greenspace visits in relation to their travel distance from home. We found that Kanazawa citizens avoided going out during the pandemic, with a decrease in the number, time, and distance of outings. As for the means of transportation, the percentage of outings by foot increased on both weekdays and holidays. While citizens refrained from going out, the percentage change of the percentage in large greenspace visits increased very slightly in 2020. As for greenspace visitation in 2020 compared to 2019, we found that citizens generally visited greenspaces closer to their homes, actually increasing visitation of nearby (within 1000 m) greenspaces. This study of how outing behaviors and greenspace use by Kanazawa citizens have changed underscores the value of nearby greenspaces for physical and mental health during movement restrictions under the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ueno
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi 921-8836, Japan; (Y.U.); (T.M.)
| | - Sadahisa Kato
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tottori University of Environmental Studies, Tottori 689-1111, Japan
| | - Tomoka Mase
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi 921-8836, Japan; (Y.U.); (T.M.)
| | - Yoji Funamoto
- Fukuyama Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo 101-0033, Japan;
- Social Value Incubation Lab., Tokyo 101-0033, Japan
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14
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Huggins CF, Fawns-Ritchie C, Altschul DM, Campbell A, Nangle C, Dawson R, Edwards R, Flaig R, Hartley L, Levein C, McCartney DL, Sinclair SL, Dolan C, Haughton D, Mabelis J, Brown J, Inchley J, Smith DJ, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Porteous DJ. TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:277. [PMID: 35999909 PMCID: PMC9360910 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17252.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TeenCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife projects, a set of longitudinal observational studies designed to assess the psychosocial and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. TeenCovidLife focused on how adolescents in Scotland were coping during the pandemic. As of September 2021, Generation Scotland had conducted three TeenCovidLife surveys. Participants from previous surveys were invited to participate in the next, meaning the age ranges shifted over time. TeenCovidLife Survey 1 consists of data from 5,543 young people age 12 to 17, collected from 22 May to 5 July 2020, during the first school closures period in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 2 consists of data from 2,245 young people aged 12 to 18, collected from 18 August to 14 October 2020, when the initial lockdown measures were beginning to ease, and schools reopened in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 3 consists of data from 597 young people age 12 to 19, collected from 12 May to 27 June 2021, a year after the first survey, after the schools returned following the second lockdown in 2021. A total of 316 participants took part in all three surveys. TeenCovidLife collected data on general health and well-being, as well as topics specific to COVID-19, such as adherence to COVID-19 health guidance, feelings about school closures, and the impact of exam cancellations. Limited work has examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people. TeenCovidLife provides relevant and timely data to assess the impact of the pandemic on young people in Scotland. The dataset is available under authorised access from Generation Scotland; see the Generation Scotland website for more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Drew M Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clifford Nangle
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Edwards
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Hartley
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christie Levein
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanie L Sinclair
- Centre for Biomedicines, Self and Society, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clare Dolan
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dawn Haughton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Mabelis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Liu S, Fisher PA. Early experience unpredictability in child development as a model for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A translational neuroscience perspective. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101091. [PMID: 35217299 PMCID: PMC8860470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence links adverse experiences during childhood to a wide range of negative consequences in biological, socioemotional, and cognitive development. Unpredictability is a core element underlying most forms of early adversity; it has been a focus of developmental research for many years and has been receiving increasing attention recently. In this article, we propose a conceptual model to describe how unpredictable and adverse early experiences affect children's neurobiological, behavioral, and psychological development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We first highlight the critical role of unpredictability in child development by reviewing existing conceptual models of early adversity as they relate to subsequent development across the lifespan. Then, we employ a translational neuroscience framework to summarize the current animal- and human-based evidence on the neurobiological alterations induced by early experience unpredictability. We further argue that the COVID-19 pandemic serves as a global "natural experiment" that provides rare insight to the investigation of the negative developmental consequences of widespread, clustered, and unpredictable adverse events among children. We discuss how the pandemic helps advance the science of unpredictable early adverse experiences. As unpredictability research continues to grow, we highlight several directions for future studies and implications for policymaking and intervention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Liu
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
| | - Philip A Fisher
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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16
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Singh E, Kumar A, Mishra R, Kumar S. Solid waste management during COVID-19 pandemic: Recovery techniques and responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132451. [PMID: 34624350 PMCID: PMC8491970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste management (SWM) is a service of public health that is often understated in its significance. If a public health emergency like the COVID-19 outbreak exacerbates the SWM problem, its true importance as an imperative service becomes more apparent. The crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the dynamics of waste generation globally in nearly every sector and has therefore raised the need for special attention. The unpredictable variations in the quantity and composition of waste also pressurize policymakers to react dynamically. This review highlights the major problems faced during the pandemic by SWM sector and the underlying possibilities to fill the gaps in the existing system. The review focuses on particular areas that have been the most important cause of concern throughout the crisis in the process of waste management. In addition, the mixing of virus infected biomedical waste with the stream of normal solid waste and lack of active involvement of the citizen and cooperation presents the major negative safety and health concerns for the workers involved in the sanitation process. Apart from presenting innovative solutions to tackle current waste management issues, this study also proposes several key potential guidelines to holistically mitigate possible future pandemics, if any. This article can also be of great implication for creation of a specific strategy towards preventing/controlling any potential pandemic of similar kind in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Rahul Mishra
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India; United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNUFLORES), Ammonstrasse 74, 01067, Dresden, Germany.
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17
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Bozzani A, Arici V, Ticozzelli G, Franciscone MM, Ragni F, Sterpetti AV. Reduced Vascular Practice and Increased Cardiovascular Mortality for COVID-19-Negative Patients. J Surg Res 2021; 272:146-152. [PMID: 34973548 PMCID: PMC8654577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to compare COVID-19- and not-COVID-19-related mortality rates in two Italian regions during the pandemic period when the same isolation rules and therapeutic approaches were introduced for all hospitals in Italy. Risk factors for not-COVID-19-related deaths during the pandemic were analyzed; we tried to assess a possible correlation between reducing hospital visits and "deferrable" vascular operations and the increased cardiovascular mortality not related to COVID-19 infection. METHODS We analyzed COVID-19- and not-COVID-19-related mortality rates in two Italian regions in the period January 2020-January 2021. We compared mortality rates during the pandemic period with those of the previous five years. We tried to determine the factors involved in increased mortality rates during the pandemic period. RESULTS Despite the same isolation rules for people and the same therapeutic approaches for hospitals, mortality rates did not increase in the region Lazio, where the pandemic was not severe. In the region Lombardy, the mortality rate was doubled in comparison with the previous years, and 50% of the increase was related to not-COVID-19 deaths. CONCLUSIONS The increase in mortality rates for not-COVID-19-related deaths in the region Lombardy was connected to the generalized turmoil in the acute phase of an overwhelming pandemic, including diffuse stress, inadequate communications, reluctance to ask for medical help unless symptoms were severe, and unexpected inadequate number of health workers, hospital beds, and intensive care unit beds. Reduced hospital visits may have had a fundamental role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bozzani
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Arici
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ticozzelli
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mila Maria Franciscone
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Ragni
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Huggins CF, Fawns-Ritchie C, Altschul DM, Campbell A, Nangle C, Dawson R, Edwards R, Flaig R, Hartley L, Levein C, McCartney DL, Sinclair SL, Dolan C, Haughton D, Mabelis J, Brown J, Inchley J, Smith DJ, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Porteous DJ. TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:277. [PMID: 35999909 PMCID: PMC9360910 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17252.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TeenCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife projects, a set of longitudinal observational studies designed to assess the psychosocial and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. TeenCovidLife focused on how adolescents in Scotland were coping during the pandemic. As of September 2021, Generation Scotland had conducted three TeenCovidLife surveys. Participants from previous surveys were invited to participate in the next, meaning the age ranges shifted over time. TeenCovidLife Survey 1 consists of data from 5,543 young people age 12 to 17, collected from 22 May to 5 July 2020, during the first school closures period in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 2 consists of data from 2,245 young people aged 12 to 18, collected from 18 August to 14 October 2020, when the initial lockdown measures were beginning to ease, and schools reopened in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 3 consists of data from 597 young people age 12 to 19, collected from 12 May to 27 June 2021, a year after the first survey, after the schools returned following the second lockdown in 2021. A total of 316 participants took part in all three surveys. TeenCovidLife collected data on general health and well-being, as well as topics specific to COVID-19, such as adherence to COVID-19 health guidance, feelings about school closures, and the impact of exam cancellations. Limited work has examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people. TeenCovidLife provides relevant and timely data to assess the impact of the pandemic on young people in Scotland. The dataset is available under authorised access from Generation Scotland; see the Generation Scotland website for more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Drew M Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clifford Nangle
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Edwards
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Hartley
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christie Levein
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanie L Sinclair
- Centre for Biomedicines, Self and Society, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clare Dolan
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dawn Haughton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Mabelis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Impact of School Closures, Precipitated by COVID-19, on Weight and Weight-Related Risk Factors among Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082723. [PMID: 34444883 PMCID: PMC8399288 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The school closures, precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, required teachers to convert their entire classroom curricula to online formats, taught from home. This shift to a more sedentary teaching environment, coupled with the stresses related to the pandemic, may correlate with weight gain. In total, 52% of study participants reported weight gain, with a higher prevalence observed among kindergarten and elementary school teachers when compared to high school teachers (p < 0.05). Deviations in physical activity, emotional eating, and dietary patterns were assessed among 129 teachers (using the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Dutch Eating Behavioral Questionnaire, and a short-form Food Frequency Questionnaire, respectively) to uncover possible associations with the observed weight gain. Increases in sedentariness (p < 0.005), emotional eating (p < 0.001), the consumption of potatoes, fries, breads, cheese, cake (p < 0.05), chips, candy, ice-cream, and soft drinks (p < 0.005) were all positively correlated with weight gain. Decreases in exercise frequency (p < 0.001), and the consumption of fruits (p < 0.05) and beans (p < 0.005), were also positively correlated with weight gain. Weight gain, observed among teachers during school closures, was associated with changes in diet, emotional eating and physical activity.
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21
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Digitale JC, Stojanovski K, McCulloch CE, Handley MA. Study Designs to Assess Real-World Interventions to Prevent COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 9:657976. [PMID: 34386470 PMCID: PMC8353119 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.657976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the face of the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, scientists and the public are eager for evidence about what measures are effective at slowing its spread and preventing morbidity and mortality. Other than mathematical modeling, studies thus far evaluating public health and behavioral interventions at scale have largely been observational and ecologic, focusing on aggregate summaries. Conclusions from these studies are susceptible to bias from threats to validity such as unmeasured confounding, concurrent policy changes, and trends over time. We offer recommendations on how to strengthen frequently applied study designs which have been used to understand the impact of interventions to reduce the spread of COVID-19, and suggest implementation-focused, pragmatic designs that, moving forward, could be used to build a robust evidence base for public health practice. Methods: We conducted a literature search of studies that evaluated the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions and policies to reduce spread, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19. Our targeted review of the literature aimed to explore strengths and weaknesses of implemented studies, provide recommendations for improvement, and explore alternative real-world study design methods to enhance evidence-based decision-making. Results:Study designs such as pre/post, interrupted time series, and difference-in-differences have been used to evaluate policy effects at the state or country level of a range of interventions, such as shelter-in-place, face mask mandates, and school closures. Key challenges with these designs include the difficulty of disentangling the effects of contemporaneous changes in policy and correctly modeling infectious disease dynamics. Pragmatic study designs such as the SMART (Sequential, Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trial), stepped wedge, and preference designs could be used to evaluate community re-openings such as schools, and other policy changes. Conclusions: As the epidemic progresses, we need to move from post-hoc analyses of available data (appropriate for the beginning of the pandemic) to proactive evaluation to ensure the most rigorous approaches possible to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 prevention interventions. Pragmatic study designs, while requiring initial planning and community buy-in, could offer more robust evidence on what is effective and for whom to combat the global pandemic we face and future policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C. Digitale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kristefer Stojanovski
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles E. McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Margaret A. Handley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Center for Vulnerable Populations at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- PRISE Center (Partnerships for Research in Implementation Science for Equity), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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22
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Alamri ES. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behavior: A review. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:2088. [PMID: 34585555 PMCID: PMC8490948 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease is a global pandemic that has led to radical changes in lifestyle habits, including dietary habits. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to evaluate the effect of quarantine on dietary habits when enforcing a lockdown. Some databases were used, including Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Ten studies conducted between March and May 2020 were included. There is an increase in the number of meals and snacks during home confinement as well as unhealthy food such as fast food, sweets and chocolate, sugar-added drinks, and processed meat, while fruit and vegetable consumption was reduced. Very few studies reported that participants had increased fruit and vegetable intake. In conclusion, collateral effects of this pandemic include an environment that is not favorable to healthy dietary habits, which could have a lasting impact on health. The long-term health effects are unknown and worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk.
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23
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Soga M, Evans MJ, Cox DTC, Gaston KJ. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on human-nature interactions: Pathways, evidence and implications. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021; 3:518-527. [PMID: 34230912 PMCID: PMC8251160 DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the global response have dramatically changed people's lifestyles in much of the world. These major changes, as well as the associated changes in impacts on the environment, can alter the dynamics of the direct interactions between humans and nature (hereafter human-nature interactions) far beyond those concerned with animals as sources of novel human coronavirus infections. There may be a variety of consequences for both people and nature.Here, we suggest a conceptual framework for understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect the dynamics of human-nature interactions. This highlights three different, but not mutually exclusive, pathways: changes in (a) opportunity, (b) capability and (c) motivation.Through this framework, we also suggest that there are several feedback loops by which changes in human-nature interactions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic can lead to further changes in these interactions such that the impacts of the pandemic could persist over the long term, including after it has ended.The COVID-19 pandemic, which has had the most tragic consequences, can also be viewed as a 'global natural experiment' in human-nature interactions that can provide unprecedented mechanistic insights into the complex processes and dynamics of these interactions and into possible strategies to manage them to best effect. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Soga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Maldwyn J. Evans
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Daniel T. C. Cox
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
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24
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Karageorghis CI, Bird JM, Hutchinson JC, Hamer M, Delevoye-Turrell YN, Guérin SMR, Mullin EM, Mellano KT, Parsons-Smith RL, Terry VR, Terry PC. Physical activity and mental well-being under COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional multination study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:988. [PMID: 34039306 PMCID: PMC8154111 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 lockdowns have reduced opportunities for physical activity (PA) and encouraged more sedentary lifestyles. A concomitant of sedentariness is compromised mental health. We investigated the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on PA, sedentary behavior, and mental health across four Western nations (USA, UK, France, and Australia). METHODS An online survey was administered in the second quarter of 2020 (N = 2541). We measured planned and unplanned dimensions of PA using the Brunel Lifestyle Physical Activity Questionnaire and mental health using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Steps per day were recorded only from participants who used an electronic device for this purpose, and sedentary behavior was reported in hours per day (sitting and screen time). RESULTS In the USA and Australia samples, there was a significant decline in planned PA from pre- to during lockdown. Among young adults, Australians exhibited the lowest planned PA scores, while in middle-aged groups, the UK recorded the highest. Young adults exhibited the largest reduction in unplanned PA. Across nations, there was a reduction of ~ 2000 steps per day. Large increases in sedentary behavior emerged during lockdown, which were most acute in young adults. Lockdown was associated with a decline in mental health that was more pronounced in women. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate the deleterious effects of lockdown on PA, sedentary behavior, and mental health across four Western nations. Australian young and lower middle-aged adults appeared to fare particularly badly in terms of planned PA. The reduction in steps per day is equivalent to the non-expenditure of ~ 100 kcal. Declines in mental health show how harmful lockdowns can be for women in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan M Bird
- Department of Science, Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jasmin C Hutchinson
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Research Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne N Delevoye-Turrell
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ségolène M R Guérin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Elizabeth M Mullin
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen T Mellano
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Renée L Parsons-Smith
- School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Victoria R Terry
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Peter C Terry
- Division of Research and Innovation, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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25
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Bozzani A, Arici V, Tavazzi G, Mojoli F, Bruno R, Sterpetti AV, Ragni F. Acute Thrombosis of Lower Limbs Arteries in the Acute Phase and After Recovery From COVID19. Ann Surg 2021; 273:e159-e160. [PMID: 33417332 PMCID: PMC7959866 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bozzani
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Arici
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guido Tavazzi
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Mojoli
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Bruno
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Franco Ragni
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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26
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Liu D, Yang J, Feng B, Lu W, Zhao C, Li L. Mendelian randomization analysis identified genes pleiotropically associated with the risk and prognosis of COVID-19. J Infect 2021; 82:126-132. [PMID: 33259846 PMCID: PMC7698677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 has caused a large global pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited considerable variation in disease behavior. Pervious genome-wide association studies have identified potential genetic variants involved in the risk and prognosis of COVID-19, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unclear. METHODS We applied the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method to identify genes that were pleiotropically associated with the risk and various outcomes of COVID-19, including severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. RESULTS In blood, we identified 2 probes, ILMN_1765146 and ILMN_1791057 tagging IFNAR2, that showed pleiotropic association with hospitalized COVID-19 (β [SE]=0.42 [0.09], P = 4.75 × 10-06 and β [SE]=-0.48 [0.11], P = 6.76 × 10-06, respectively). Although no other probes were significant after correction for multiple testing in both blood and lung, multiple genes as tagged by the top 5 probes were involved in inflammation or antiviral immunity, and several other tagged genes, such as PON2 and HPS5, were involved in blood coagulation. CONCLUSIONS We identified IFNAR2 and other potential genes that could be involved in the susceptibility or prognosis of COVID-19. These findings provide important leads to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cytokine storm and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 and potential therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bowen Feng
- Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjin Lu
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lizhuo Li
- Emergency Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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27
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Centurión OA, Miño LM, Scavenius KE. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: The Importance of Prompt Detection of Cardiovascular Involvement. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/18741924020140100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased morbidity and mortality are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) when there is cardiovascular (CV) involvement. Due to the absence of prospective, well-designed, controlled studies, the exact mechanism responsible for cardiac injury among patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain. However, possible mechanisms described in observational studies can be considered. Non-ischemic events and ischemic myocardial involvement are the two main pathophysiological mechanisms of acute cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. Non-ischemic myocardial injury is probably predominant and is secondary to multiple pathological mechanisms. Cardiac involvement is relatively common among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and is associated with a greater risk of in-hospital mortality and ventricular arrhythmias. There was also a high and significantly positive linear correlation between troponin T and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. It is important to promptly detect CV involvement to avoid increased mortality in these patients. These findings highlight the importance of clinical surveillance and laboratory testing of serum troponin levels to ensure appropriate early identification and proceed with appropriate treatment. This should apply to patients with/without prior CV involvement. There are several possible mechanisms of myocardial tissue damage and the exact mechanisms involved need to be explored in well-designed studies.
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28
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Kulkarni BN, Anantharama V. Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on municipal solid waste management: Challenges and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140693. [PMID: 32663690 PMCID: PMC7331525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global emergency and has raised social and economic concerns which will also spill over to environmental issues. Amid this natural experiment, current study evaluates prevailing municipal solid waste (MSW) management practices, with the emphasis on MSW treatment and disposal facilities in select developed and developing countries. The data and information used in this paper is collected from several scientific research papers from different disciplines, publications from governments and multilateral agencies and media reports. Despite limited literature on MSW management during such pandemics, this article presets a global backdrop of MSW management during COVID-19 outbreak and examines various aspects of MSW management. Discussion includes identifying parameters of disease transmission through solid waste handling, consequences of medical waste surge on current municipal waste treatment and disposal systems. Further, based on previous pandemic and disaster waste management studies, this study also presents challenges and opportunities in the aftermath of the ongoing pandemic. The paper recommends alternatives approaches for MSW treatment and disposal and outlines the future scope of work to achieve sustainable waste management during and aftermath of the pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi N Kulkarni
- Department of Civil Engineering, R V College of Engineering (Autonomus Institute, affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Mysore Road, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India.
| | - V Anantharama
- Department of Civil Engineering, R V College of Engineering (Autonomus Institute, affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Mysore Road, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India
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29
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Lai KY, Webster C, Kumari S, Sarkar C. The nature of cities and the Covid-19 pandemic. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 2020; 46:27-31. [PMID: 32874374 PMCID: PMC7451129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The virtual issue will only include the main essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yan Lai
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; China
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; China
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; China
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; China
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30
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Lucini D, Gandolfi CE, Antonucci C, Cavagna A, Valzano E, Botta E, Chiari M, Mameli L, Nahum M, Brambilla MM, Castaldi SI, Biganzoli E. #StayHomeStayFit: UNIMI's approach to online healthy lifestyle promotion during the COVID-19 pandemic. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020037. [PMID: 32921731 PMCID: PMC7716948 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown imposed radical changes in the lifestyles of the population through isolation measures, with considerable health, social, psychological and economic consequences. Lockdown measures may have exacerbated negative population behaviors regarding exercise and nutrition, with risk of weight gain and obesity, collectively predisposing to increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality. At particular risk of deleterious consequences were patients such as those affected by chronic non communicable diseases (CNCD). The benefits of regular exercise are evident at several levels of CNCD prevention, however, from a public health standpoint, it is important to consider they are also related to improved stress management, work/academic performance, and reduced illegal behavior, isolation and depression. Therefore, during enforced isolation, a primary goal for all individuals is to maintain energy balance. During lockdown, several lifestyle interventions were posted online, with the internet playing a major role in exercise and fitness promotion. Among these one must recognize the ambitious "#StayHomeStayFit" project by the University of Milan, providing useful general information and trustworthy advice regarding nutrition, physical activity, and psychological support, for the general population in a time of need. Data showed a total of 21224 views on various social media and webpages during the reference period, with a mean time of 4' 17'' spent per page/video. Given the health risks associated with population physical inactivity and unhealthy lifestyle, policymakers should evaluate the benefits of projects such as #StayHomeStayFit and consider how to maximize population perception and reach. After all, additional COVID-19 lockdowns might be implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Clara Antonucci
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Cavagna
- 1°level Institutional Communications Unit, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Esther Valzano
- Internal Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Botta
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Chiari
- Internal Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Mameli
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Margherita Nahum
- Web and Graphics Communications Office, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Marzia Brambilla
- Department of Language Mediation Sciences and Intercultural Studies, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Elia Biganzoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy.
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31
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Liu D, Yang J, Feng B, Lu W, Zhao C, Li L. Mendelian randomization analysis identified genes pleiotropically associated with the risk and prognosis of COVID-19. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32909000 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20187179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 has caused a large global pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited considerable variation in disease behavior. Pervious genome-wide association studies have identified potential genetic variants involved in the risk and prognosis of COVID-19, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unclear. METHODS We applied the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method to identify genes that were pleiotropically associated with the risk and various outcomes of COVID-19, including severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. RESULTS In blood, we identified 2 probes, ILMN_1765146 and ILMN_1791057 tagging IFNAR2, that showed pleiotropic association with hospitalized COVID-19 (Beta; [SE]=0.42 [0.09], P=4.75E-06 and Beta; [SE]=-0.48 [0.11], P=6.76E-06, respectively). Although no other probes were significant after correction for multiple testing in both blood and lung, multiple genes as tagged by the top 5 probes were involved in inflammation or antiviral immunity, and several other tagged genes, such as PON2 and HPS5, were involved in blood coagulation. CONCLUSIONS We identified IFNAR2 and other potential genes that could be involved in the susceptibility or prognosis of COVID-19. These findings provide important leads to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cytokine storm and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 and potential therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of COVID-19.
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32
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Meisner BA, Boscart V, Gaudreau P, Stolee P, Ebert P, Heyer M, Kadowaki L, Kelly C, Levasseur M, Massie AS, Menec V, Middleton L, Sheiban Taucar L, Thornton WL, Tong C, van den Hoonaard DK, Wilson K. Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approaches Needed to Determine Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults and Aging: CAG/ACG and CJA/ RCV Joint Statement. Can J Aging 2020; 39:333-343. [PMID: 32408910 PMCID: PMC7287299 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980820000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent state of public emergency have significantly affected older adults in Canada and worldwide. It is imperative that the gerontological response be efficient and effective. In this statement, the board members of the Canadian Association on Gerontology/L'Association canadienne de gérontologie (CAG/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of CAG/ACG members and CJA/RCV readers. We also profile the complex ways that COVID-19 is affecting older adults, from individual to population levels, and advocate for the adoption of multidisciplinary collaborative teams to bring together different perspectives, areas of expertise, and methods of evaluation in the COVID-19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Meisner
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University
| | - Veronique Boscart
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Health & Life Sciences/Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal
| | - Paul Stolee
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo
| | - Patricia Ebert
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Seniors Health Services, Alberta Health Services/Department of Psychology, University of Calgary
| | - Michelle Heyer
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- School of Health & Life Sciences/Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College
| | - Laura Kadowaki
- Student Connection, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University
| | - Christine Kelly
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Ariane S. Massie
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University
- Student Connection, Canadian Association on Gerontology
| | - Verena Menec
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Laura Middleton
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo
| | - Linda Sheiban Taucar
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- School of Health & Life Sciences/Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College
| | - Wendy Loken Thornton
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University
| | - Catherine Tong
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Kimberley Wilson
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph
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33
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La nécessité des approches interdisciplinaires et collaboratives pour évaluer l'impact de la COVID-19 sur les personnes âgées et le vieillissement: déclaration conjointe de l'ACG / CAG et de la RCV / CJA. Can J Aging 2020; 39:487-499. [PMID: 32782031 PMCID: PMC7653488 DOI: 10.1017/s071498082000032x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
La pandémie de la COVID-19 et l’état d’urgence publique qui en a découlé ont eu des répercussions significatives sur les personnes âgées au Canada et à travers le monde. Il est impératif que le domaine de la gérontologie réponde efficacement à cette situation. Dans la présente déclaration, les membres du conseil d’administration de l’Association canadienne de gérontologie/Canadian Association on Gerontology (ACG/CAG) et ceux du comité de rédaction de La Revue canadienne du vieillissement/Canadian Journal on Aging (RCV/CJA) reconnaissent la contribution des membres de l’ACG/CAG et des lecteurs de la RCV/CJA. Les auteurs exposent les voies complexes par lesquelles la COVID-19 affecte les personnes âgées, allant du niveau individuel au niveau populationnel. Ils préconisent une approche impliquant des équipes collaboratives pluridisciplinaires, regroupant divers champs de compétences, et différentes perspectives et méthodes d’évaluation de l’impact de la COVID-19.
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34
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Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, Scumaci E, Goitre I, Benso A, Belcastro S, Crespi C, De Michieli F, Ghigo E, Broglio F, Bo S. Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the "Lockdown" Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2016. [PMID: 32645970 PMCID: PMC7400808 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim is evaluating the changes in weight and dietary habits in a sample of outpatients with obesity after 1 month of enforced lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy. In this observational retrospective study, the patients of our Obesity Unit were invited to answer to a 12-question multiple-choice questionnaire relative to weight changes, working activity, exercise, dietary habits, and conditions potentially impacting on nutritional choices. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations among weight/BMI changes and the analyzed variables. A total of 150 subjects (91.5%) completed the questionnaire. Mean self-reported weight gain was ≈1.5 kg (p < 0.001). Lower exercise, self-reported boredom/solitude, anxiety/depression, enhanced eating, consumption of snacks, unhealthy foods, cereals, and sweets were correlated with a significantly higher weight gain. Multiple regression analyses showed that increased education (inversely, β = -1.15; 95%CI -2.13, -0.17, p = 0.022), self-reported anxiety/depression (β = 1.61; 0.53, 2.69, p = 0.004), and not consuming healthy foods (β = 1.48; 0.19, 2.77, p = 0.026) were significantly associated with increased weight gain. The estimated direct effect of self-reported anxiety/depression on weight was 2.07 kg (1.07, 3.07, p < 0.001). Individuals with obesity significantly gained weight 1 month after the beginning of the quarantine. The adverse mental burden linked to the COVID-19 pandemic was greatly associated with increased weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Elena Scumaci
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Ilaria Goitre
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrea Benso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Sara Belcastro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Chiara Crespi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Franco De Michieli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Broglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Kim IC, Kim HA, Park JS, Nam CW. Updates of Cardiovascular Manifestations in COVID-19: Korean Experience to Broaden Worldwide Perspectives. Korean Circ J 2020; 50:543-554. [PMID: 32588565 PMCID: PMC7321759 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. Not just respiratory complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac manifestations have drawn attention due to the increased risk of mortality and morbidity related to SARS-CoV-2 infections. The mechanisms of the cardiac injury related to SARS-CoV-2 infections have been direct cardiac injury caused by angiotensin converting enzyme 2, hypoxemia, microvascular damage, and a systemic inflammatory response. Stress induced cardiomyopathy in a critically ill condition and acute coronary syndrome due to a vulnerable plaque rupture with coagulopathy can finally lead to acute heart failure with further cardiac manifestations. When dealing with the highly contagious viral disease-related cardiac manifestations, we should carefully apply the diagnostic and therapeutic methods to achieve the best therapeutic results without adding any risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Cheol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Nam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany (T.C.E., P.L.)
| | - Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany (T.C.E., P.L.)
| | - David M. Shaw
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.M.S.)
- Department of Health, Ethics, and Society, CAPHRI Research Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (D.M.S.)
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