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Ringwald WR, Kaurin A, DuPont CM, Gianaros PJ, Marsland AL, Muldoon MF, Wright AG, Manuck SB. The personality meta-trait of stability and carotid artery atherosclerosis. J Pers 2023; 91:271-284. [PMID: 35366346 PMCID: PMC10760807 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several personality traits increase the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Because many of these traits are correlated, their associations with disease risk could reflect shared variance, rather than unique contributions of each trait. We examined a higher-order personality trait of Stability as related to preclinical atherosclerosis and tested whether any such relationship might be explained by correlated variation in cardiometabolic risk factors. METHOD Among 798 community volunteers, lower-order traits of Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were modeled as latent variables (from self- and informant ratings) and used to estimate the second-order factor, Stability. Cardiometabolic risk was similarly modeled from indicators of glycemic control, blood pressure, adiposity, and lipids. Carotid artery atherosclerosis was measured as intima-media thickness (IMT) by duplex ultrasonography. RESULT A structural equation model incorporating direct and indirect effects showed lower Stability associated with greater IMT, and this relationship was accounted for by the indirect pathway via cardiometabolic risk. Secondary analyses showed that: (1) Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were unrelated to IMT independent of Stability; and (2) Stability predicted variation in IMT when estimated from informant-, but not self-rated, traits. CONCLUSION Personality traits may associate with atherosclerotic burden through their shared, rather than unique, variance, as reflected in Stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Kaurin
- Faculty of Health/School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University
| | | | | | | | - Matthew F. Muldoon
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Epigenomic and Other Evidence for Cannabis-Induced Aging Contextualized in a Synthetic Epidemiologic Overview of Cannabinoid-Related Teratogenesis and Cannabinoid-Related Carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16721. [PMID: 36554603 PMCID: PMC9778714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twelve separate streams of empirical data make a strong case for cannabis-induced accelerated aging including hormonal, mitochondriopathic, cardiovascular, hepatotoxic, immunological, genotoxic, epigenotoxic, disruption of chromosomal physiology, congenital anomalies, cancers including inheritable tumorigenesis, telomerase inhibition and elevated mortality. METHODS Results from a recently published longitudinal epigenomic screen were analyzed with regard to the results of recent large epidemiological studies of the causal impacts of cannabis. We also integrate theoretical syntheses with prior studies into these combined epigenomic and epidemiological results. RESULTS Cannabis dependence not only recapitulates many of the key features of aging, but is characterized by both age-defining and age-generating illnesses including immunomodulation, hepatic inflammation, many psychiatric syndromes with a neuroinflammatory basis, genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity. DNA breaks, chromosomal breakage-fusion-bridge morphologies and likely cycles, and altered intergenerational DNA methylation and disruption of both the histone and tubulin codes in the context of increased clinical congenital anomalies, cancers and heritable tumors imply widespread disruption of the genome and epigenome. Modern epigenomic clocks indicate that, in cannabis-dependent patients, cannabis advances cellular DNA methylation age by 25-30% at age 30 years. Data have implications not only for somatic but also stem cell and germ line tissues including post-fertilization zygotes. This effect is likely increases with the square of chronological age. CONCLUSION Recent epigenomic studies of cannabis exposure provide many explanations for the broad spectrum of cannabis-related teratogenicity and carcinogenicity and appear to account for many epidemiologically observed findings. Further research is indicated on the role of cannabinoids in the aging process both developmentally and longitudinally, from stem cell to germ cell to blastocystoids to embryoid bodies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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3
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D'Iorio A, Garramone F, Piscopo F, Baiano C, Raimo S, Santangelo G. Meta-Analysis of Personality Traits in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison with Healthy Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:773-787. [PMID: 29480186 PMCID: PMC5842787 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of specific personality traits as factor risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been consistently found, whereas personality traits specifically related to AD (after the diagnosis) have not been outlined yet. OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis of published studies was performed to determine whether AD patients have a distinctive personality trait profile compared to healthy subjects (HC), similar to or different from a premorbid personality profile consistently reported in previous studies. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PsycInfo (PROQUEST), PubMed, and Scopus. The meta-analysis pooled results from primary studies using Hedges' g unbiased approach. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 10 primary studies and revealed that, when the personality was evaluated by informant-rated measures, AD patients had significantly higher levels of Neuroticism, lower levels of Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion than HCs. When the personality was evaluated by self-rated measures, the results obtained from informants were confirmed for Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion but not for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness where AD patients and HCs achieved similar scores. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis revealed that high Neuroticism and low Openness and Extraversion are distinctive personality traits significantly associated with a diagnosis of AD when evaluated both self-rated and informant-rated measures. This personality trait profile is similar to premorbid one, which contributes to development of AD over time. Therefore, our findings indirectly support the idea of specific premorbid personality traits as harbingers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina D'Iorio
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Garramone
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Fausta Piscopo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Breastfeeding and Adult Personality. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016; 30:484-491. [PMID: 28966441 DOI: 10.1002/per.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits are implicated in long-term health-risk behaviors and outcomes. Less research has addressed how early-life experiences are associated with individual differences in these traits in adulthood. We examine whether having been breastfed is associated with adult personality and well-being in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. At Wave 1, caregivers reported whether the target child had been breastfed. At Wave 4, participants (N=13,113; 53% female; Mage=28.98) completed measures of psychological functioning. We tested for mean-level differences in the traits by breastfeeding status (yes/no) and by the duration of breastfeeding, controlling for basic demographic factors and early-life factors that could confound the breastfeeding-personality association (e.g., mother education). Participants who had been breastfed scored lower in neuroticism, anxiety, and hostility and higher in openness and optimism than those not breastfed. A curvilinear relation suggested that neuroticism was lowest for those breastfed for 9-12 months and highest for those either breastfed for >24 months or exclusively bottle-fed. Breastfeeding was unrelated to conscientiousness or state psychological functioning. This research suggests long-term psychological benefits to breastfeeding and indicates that early life experiences are associated with traits that are consequential for adult health.
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Guenther KD, Van Dyk TR, Kidwell KM, Nelson TD. The Moderating Role of Dysfunctional Parent-Child Relationships on the Association Between Outward Anger Expression and Physical Health in Youth From Low-Income Families. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30:366-73. [PMID: 26602110 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the role of outward anger expression on physical health outcomes (number of illnesses in the past year, 2-year medical service utilization, and health-related quality of life) while also expanding on previous research by assessing the moderating effect of parent-child dysfunction. METHOD An ethnically diverse sample of 125 children, ages 8 to 11 years, was recruited from a family medicine practice serving a low-income population. RESULTS High levels of outward anger expression were related to a greater number of illnesses, greater medical service utilization, and lower health-related quality of life. Additionally, worse parent-child dysfunction exacerbated this relationship for a number of illnesses and medical service utilization. CONCLUSION Results suggest that health care providers should consider the influence of environmental and familial factors on the physical health of children with anger. Recommendations for identifying at-risk youth and improving anger expression as well as parent-child relationships are provided.
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Rana S, Pugh PC, Katz E, Stringfellow SA, Lin CP, Wyss JM, Stauss HM, White CR, Clinton SM, Kerman IA. Independent effects of early-life experience and trait aggression on cardiovascular function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R272-86. [PMID: 27280432 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00505.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early-life experience (ELE) can significantly affect life-long health and disease, including cardiovascular function. Specific dimensions of emotionality also modify risk of disease, and aggressive traits along with social inhibition have been established as independent vulnerability factors for the progression of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the biological mechanisms mediating these associations remain poorly understood. The present study utilized the inherently stress-susceptible and socially inhibited Wistar-Kyoto rats to determine the potential influences of ELE and trait aggression (TA) on cardiovascular parameters throughout the lifespan. Pups were exposed to maternal separation (MS), consisting of daily 3-h separations of the entire litter from postnatal day (P)1 to P14. The rats were weaned at P21, and as adults were instrumented for chronic radiotelemetry recordings of blood pressure and heart rate (HR). Adult aggressive behavior was assessed using the resident-intruder test, which demonstrated that TA was independent of MS exposure. MS-exposed animals (irrespective of TA) had significantly lower resting HR accompanied by increases in HR variability. No effects of MS on resting blood pressure were detected. In contrast, TA correlated with increased resting mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial pressures but had no effect on HR. TA rats (relative to nonaggressive animals) also manifested increased wall-to-lumen ratio in the thoracic aorta, increased sensitivity to phenylephrine-induced vascular contractility, and increased norepinephrine content in the heart. Together these data suggest that ELE and TA are independent factors that impact baseline cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Phyllis C Pugh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Erin Katz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sara A Stringfellow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chee Paul Lin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Michael Wyss
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Harald M Stauss
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sarah M Clinton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Perceived discrimination and personality development in adulthood. Dev Psychol 2015; 52:155-63. [PMID: 26501729 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Perceived discrimination is common and a significant source of stress that may have implications for personality development across adulthood. In this study, we examined whether experiences with discrimination were associated with maladaptive changes in the 5 major dimensions of personality using 2 longitudinal samples that differed in age and follow-up interval. In the Health and Retirement Study, participants who perceived discrimination increased in their tendency to experience negative emotions (neuroticism), decreased in their tendency to be trusting (agreeableness), and decreased in their tendency to be organized and disciplined (conscientiousness). These associations replicated using participants from the Midlife in the United States study. The findings indicate that social pathways, in addition to biological and developmental tasks, are important for adult personality development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine
| | - Yannick Stephan
- Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors Laboratory, University of Montpellier
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Kidwell KM, Van Dyk TR, Guenther KD, Nelson TD. Anger and children’s health: Differentiating role of inward versus outward expressed anger on sleep, medical service utilization, and mental health. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2015.1038680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Metabolic syndrome, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and ten-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle aged and elderly patients. Int J Cardiol 2015; 190:360-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Sirois FM. Is procrastination a vulnerability factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease? Testing an extension of the procrastination–health model. J Behav Med 2015; 38:578-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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László A, Babos L, Kis-Igari Z, Pálfy A, Torzsa P, Eőry A, Kalabay L, Gonda X, Rihmer Z, Cseprekál O, Tislér A, Hodrea J, Lénárt L, Fekete A, Nemcsik J. Identification of hypertensive patients with dominant affective temperaments might improve the psychopathological and cardiovascular risk stratification: a pilot, case-control study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2015; 14:33. [PMID: 26512294 PMCID: PMC4623904 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-015-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mood disorders and cardiovascular diseases have widely studied psychosomatic connections, data concerning the influence of the psychopathologically important affective temperaments in hypertension are scarce. To define a possibly higher cardiovascular risk subpopulation we investigated in well-treated hypertensive patients with dominant affective temperaments (DOM) and in well-treated hypertensive patients without dominant temperaments the level of depression and anxiety, arterial stiffness and serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (seBDNF). METHODS 175 hypertensive patients, free of the history of psychiatric diseases, completed the TEMPS-A, Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Scale questionnaires in two primary care practices. Of those 175 patients, 24 DOM patients and 24 hypertensive controls (matched in age, sex and the presence of diabetes) were selected for measurements of arterial stiffness and seBDNF level. RESULTS Beck and Hamilton scores in DOM patients were higher compared with controls. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index did not differ between the groups while in the DOM patients decreased brachial systolic and diastolic and central diastolic blood pressures were found compared with controls. SeBDNF was lower in the DOM group than in the controls (22.4 ± 7.2 vs. 27.3 ± 7.8 ng/mL, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although similar arterial stiffness parameters were found in DOM patients, their increased depression and anxiety scores, the decreased brachial and central diastolic blood pressures as well as the decreased seBDNF might refer to their higher vulnerability regarding the development not only of major mood disorders, but also of cardiovascular complications. These data suggest that the evaluation of affective temperaments should get more attention both with regard to psychopathology and cardiovascular health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea László
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Babos
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsóka Kis-Igari
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Pálfy
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Torzsa
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ajándék Eőry
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kalabay
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary ; Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary ; MTA-SE Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rihmer
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - András Tislér
- Ist Department of Internal Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Hodrea
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Lénárt
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary ; Health Service of Zugló (ZESZ), Budapest, Hungary
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Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and the Objective and Subjective Experience of Body Weight. J Pers 2014; 84:102-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A nighttime dip in blood pressure is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We examined whether personality traits predict nighttime dipping blood pressure. METHODS A community-based sample of 2848 adults from Sardinia (Italy) completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and 7 years later were examined with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The primary analyses examined the associations of personality traits with continuous and categorical measures of mean arterial, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure nighttime dipping. RESULTS Agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with more nocturnal blood pressure dipping (β = .05 [p = .025] and β = .07 [p < .001], respectively) and lower systolic blood pressure at night (β = -.05 [p = .018] and β = -.03 [p = .072], respectively). Nondippers were particularly more impulsive (p = .009), less trusting (p = .004), and less self-disciplined (p = .001), but there was no significant association between nocturnal dipping blood pressure and trait anxiety (p = .78) or depression (p = .59). The associations were stronger when comparing extreme dippers (nighttime drop ≥ 20%) to reverse dippers (nighttime increase in blood pressure). Indeed, scoring 1 standard deviation higher on conscientiousness was associated with approximately 40% reduced risk of reverse dipping (odds ratio = 1.43, confidence interval = 1.08-1.91). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that reduced nighttime blood pressure dipping is associated with antagonism and impulsivity-related traits but not with measures of emotional vulnerability. The strongest associations were found with conscientiousness, a trait that may have a broad impact on cardiovascular health.
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Israel S, Moffitt TE, Belsky DW, Hancox RJ, Poulton R, Roberts B, Thomson WM, Caspi A. Translating personality psychology to help personalize preventive medicine for young adult patients. J Pers Soc Psychol 2014; 106:484-98. [PMID: 24588093 PMCID: PMC3951727 DOI: 10.1037/a0035687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rising number of newly insured young adults brought on by health care reform will soon increase demands on primary care physicians. Physicians will face more young adult patients, which presents an opportunity for more prevention-oriented care. In the present study, we evaluated whether brief observer reports of young adults' personality traits could predict which individuals would be at greater risk for poor health as they entered midlife. Following the cohort of 1,000 individuals from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (Moffitt, Caspi, Rutter, & Silva, 2001), we show that very brief measures of young adults' personalities predicted their midlife physical health across multiple domains (metabolic abnormalities, cardiorespiratory fitness, pulmonary function, periodontal disease, and systemic inflammation). Individuals scoring low on the traits of Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience went on to develop poorer health even after accounting for preexisting differences in education, socioeconomic status, smoking, obesity, self-reported health, medical conditions, and family medical history. Moreover, personality ratings from peer informants who knew participants well, and from a nurse and receptionist who had just met participants for the first time, predicted health decline from young adulthood to midlife despite striking differences in level of acquaintance. Personality effect sizes were on par with other well-established health risk factors such as socioeconomic status, smoking, and self-reported health. We discuss the potential utility of personality measurement to function as an inexpensive and accessible tool for health care professionals to personalize preventive medicine. Adding personality information to existing health care electronic infrastructures could also advance personality theory by generating opportunities to examine how personality processes influence doctor-patient communication, health service use, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Israel
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, USA
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, USA
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Robert J. Hancox
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Brent Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - W. Murray Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom
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Terracciano A, Piras MG, Lobina M, Mulas A, Meirelles O, Sutin AR, Chan W, Sanna S, Uda M, Crisponi L, Schlessinger D. Genetics of serum BDNF: meta-analysis of the Val66Met and genome-wide association study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14:583-9. [PMID: 22047184 PMCID: PMC3288597 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.616533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lower levels of serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the best known biomarkers of depression. To identify genetic variants associated with serum BDNF, we tested the Val66Met (rs6265) functional variant and conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS). METHODS In a community-based sample (N = 2054; aged 19-101, M = 51, SD = 15) from Sardinia, Italy, we measured serum BDNF concentration and conducted a GWAS. RESULTS We estimated the heritability of serum BDNF to be 0.48 from sib-pairs. There was no association between serum BDNF and Val66Met in the SardiNIA sample and in a meta-analysis of published studies (k = 13 studies, total n = 4727, P = 0.92). Although no genome-wide significant associations were identified, some evidence of association was found in the BDNF gene (rs11030102, P = 0.001) and at two loci (rs7170215, P = 4.8 × 10⁻⁵ and rs11073742 P = 1.2 × 10⁻⁵) near and within NTRK3 gene, a neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor. CONCLUSIONS Our study and meta-analysis of the literature indicate that the BDNF Val66Met variant is not associated with serum BDNF, but other variants in the BDNF and NTRK3 genes might regulate the level of serum BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Piras
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monia Lobina
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Wayne Chan
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Uda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Terracciano A, Sutin AR, An Y, O'Brien RJ, Ferrucci L, Zonderman AB, Resnick SM. Personality and risk of Alzheimer's disease: new data and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 10:179-86. [PMID: 23706517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examine whether broad factors and specific facets of personality are associated with increased risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a long-run longitudinal study and a meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS Participants (n = 1671) were monitored for up to 22 years from a baseline personality assessment. The meta-analysis pooled results from up to five prospective studies (n = 5054). RESULTS Individuals with scores in the top quartile of neuroticism (hazard ratio = 3.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.6-6.0) or the lowest quartile of conscientiousness (hazard ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-7.4) had a threefold increased risk of incident AD. Among the components of these traits, self-discipline and depression had the strongest associations with incident AD. The meta-analysis confirmed the associations of neuroticism (P = 2 × 10(-9)) and conscientiousness (P = 2 × 10(-6)), along with weaker effects for openness and agreeableness (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The current study and meta-analysis indicate that personality traits are associated with increased risk of AD, with effect sizes similar to those of well-established clinical and lifestyle risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yang An
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Terracciano A, Schrack JA, Sutin AR, Chan W, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L. Personality, metabolic rate and aerobic capacity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54746. [PMID: 23372763 PMCID: PMC3556088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality traits and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults are reliable predictors of health and longevity. We examined the association between personality traits and energy expenditure at rest (basal metabolic rate) and during normal and maximal sustained walking. Personality traits and oxygen (VO(2)) consumption were assessed in 642 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Results indicate that personality traits were mostly unrelated to resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure at normal walking pace. However, those who scored lower on neuroticism (r = -0.12) and higher on extraversion (r = 0.11), openness (r = 0.13), and conscientiousness (r = 0.09) had significantly higher energy expenditure at peak walking pace. In addition to greater aerobic capacity, individuals with a more resilient personality profile walked faster and were more efficient in that they required less energy per meter walked. The associations between personality and energy expenditure were not moderated by age or sex, but were in part explained by the proportion of fat mass. In conclusion, differences in personality may matter the most during more challenging activities that require cardiorespiratory fitness. These findings suggest potential pathways that link personality to health outcomes, such as obesity and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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18
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Amin N, Hottenga JJ, Hansell NK, Janssens ACJW, de Moor MHM, Madden PAF, Zorkoltseva IV, Penninx BW, Terracciano A, Uda M, Tanaka T, Esko T, Realo A, Ferrucci L, Luciano M, Davies G, Metspalu A, Abecasis GR, Deary IJ, Raikkonen K, Bierut LJ, Costa PT, Saviouk V, Zhu G, Kirichenko AV, Isaacs A, Aulchenko YS, Willemsen G, Heath AC, Pergadia ML, Medland SE, Axenovich TI, de Geus E, Montgomery GW, Wright MJ, Oostra BA, Martin NG, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM. Refining genome-wide linkage intervals using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies loci influencing personality dimensions. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:876-82. [PMID: 23211697 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality traits are complex phenotypes related to psychosomatic health. Individually, various gene finding methods have not achieved much success in finding genetic variants associated with personality traits. We performed a meta-analysis of four genome-wide linkage scans (N=6149 subjects) of five basic personality traits assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. We compared the significant regions from the meta-analysis of linkage scans with the results of a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N∼17 000). We found significant evidence of linkage of neuroticism to chromosome 3p14 (rs1490265, LOD=4.67) and to chromosome 19q13 (rs628604, LOD=3.55); of extraversion to 14q32 (ATGG002, LOD=3.3); and of agreeableness to 3p25 (rs709160, LOD=3.67) and to two adjacent regions on chromosome 15, including 15q13 (rs970408, LOD=4.07) and 15q14 (rs1055356, LOD=3.52) in the individual scans. In the meta-analysis, we found strong evidence of linkage of extraversion to 4q34, 9q34, 10q24 and 11q22, openness to 2p25, 3q26, 9p21, 11q24, 15q26 and 19q13 and agreeableness to 4q34 and 19p13. Significant evidence of association in the GWAS was detected between openness and rs677035 at 11q24 (P-value=2.6 × 10(-06), KCNJ1). The findings of our linkage meta-analysis and those of the GWAS suggest that 11q24 is a susceptible locus for openness, with KCNJ1 as the possible candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najaf Amin
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Löckenhoff CE, Terracciano A, Ferrucci L, Costa PT. Five-factor personality traits and age trajectories of self-rated health: the role of question framing. J Pers 2012; 80:375-401. [PMID: 21299558 PMCID: PMC3248623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the influence of personality traits on mean levels and age trends in 4 single-item measures of self-rated health: general rating, comparison to age peers, comparison to past health, and expectations for future health. Community-dwelling participants (N = 1,683) completed 7,474 self-rated health assessments over a period of up to 19 years. In hierarchical linear modeling analyses, age-associated declines differed across the 4 health items. Across age groups, high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness, low Extraversion, and low Openness were associated with worse health ratings, with notable differences across the 4 health items. Furthermore, high Neuroticism predicted steeper declines in health ratings involving temporal comparisons. We consider theoretical implications regarding the mechanisms behind associations among personality traits and self-rated health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna E Löckenhoff
- Department of Human Development, Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Chapman BP, Roberts B, Duberstein P. Personality and longevity: knowns, unknowns, and implications for public health and personalized medicine. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:759170. [PMID: 21766032 PMCID: PMC3134197 DOI: 10.4061/2011/759170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We review evidence for links between personality traits and longevity. We provide an overview of personality for health scientists, using the primary organizing framework used in the study of personality and longevity. We then review data on various aspects of personality linked to longevity. In general, there is good evidence that higher level of conscientiousness and lower levels of hostility and Type D or "distressed" personality are associated with greater longevity. Limited evidence suggests that extraversion, openness, perceived control, and low levels of emotional suppression may be associated with longer lifespan. Findings regarding neuroticism are mixed, supporting the notion that many component(s) of neuroticism detract from life expectancy, but some components at some levels may be healthy or protective. Overall, evidence suggests various personality traits are significant predictors of longevity and points to several promising directions for further study. We conclude by discussing the implications of these links for epidemiologic research and personalized medicine and lay out a translational research agenda for integrating the psychology of individual differences into public health and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Chapman
- Laboratory of Personality and Development and Rochester Health Decision Making Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
| | - Brent Roberts
- Personality Interest Group, Department of Psychology, University of Illinoi, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Laboratory of Personality and Development and Rochester Health Decision Making Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
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