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Yang W, Lu C, Chu F, Bu K, Ma H, Wang Q, Jiao Z, Wang S, Yang X, Gao Y, Sun D, Sun H. Fluoride-induced hypertension by regulating RhoA/ROCK pathway and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells: In vitro and in vivo evidence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116681. [PMID: 38964063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride exposure has been implicated as a potential risk factor for hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the role of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in fluoride-induced hypertension. Male Wistar rats were divided into different groups and exposed to varying concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) or sodium chloride (NaCl) via drinking water. The rats' blood pressure was measured, and their aortic tissue was utilized for high-throughput sequencing analysis. Additionally, rat and A7r5 cell models were established using NaF and/or Fasudil. The study evaluated the effects of fluoride exposure on blood pressure, pathological changes in the aorta, as well as the protein/mRNA expression levels of phenotypic transformation indicators (a-SMA, calp, OPN) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), along with the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, MLC/p-MLC). The results demonstrated that fluoride exposure in rats led to increased blood pressure. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed differential gene expression associated with vascular smooth muscle contraction, with the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway emerging as a key regulator. Pathological changes in the rat aorta, such as elastic membrane rupture and collagen fiber deposition, were observed following NaF exposure. However, fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, mitigated these pathological changes. Both in vitro and in vivo models confirmed the activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs from a contractile to a synthetic state upon fluoride exposure. Fasudil effectively inhibited the activities of ROCK1 and ROCK2 and attenuated the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. In conclusion, fluoride has the potential to induce hypertension through the activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of fluoride-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Chunqing Lu
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Fang Chu
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Keming Bu
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Hao Ma
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Qiaoyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China; Teaching Center of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhe Jiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China; Institute for Kashin Beck Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Xiyue Yang
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China
| | - Hongna Sun
- Institute for Endemic Fluorosis Control, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (Harbin Medical University) Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), China.
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Demirci H, Popovic S, Dittmayer C, Yilmaz DE, El-Shimy IA, Mülleder M, Hinze C, Su M, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Osmanodja B, Paliege A, Budde K, Amann K, Persson PB, Mutig K, Bachmann S. Immunosuppression with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus shows distinctive nephrotoxicity profiles within renal compartments. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14190. [PMID: 38884453 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the backbone for immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. Although successful in preventing kidney transplant rejection, their nephrotoxic side effects contribute to allograft injury. Renal parenchymal lesions occur for cyclosporine A (CsA) as well as for the currently favored tacrolimus (Tac). We aimed to study whether chronic CsA and Tac exposures, before reaching irreversible nephrotoxic damage, affect renal compartments differentially and whether related pathogenic mechanisms can be identified. METHODS CsA and Tac were administered chronically in wild type Wistar rats using osmotic minipumps over 4 weeks. Functional parameters were controlled. Electron microscopy, confocal, and 3D-structured illumination microscopy were used for histopathology. Clinical translatability was tested in human renal biopsies. Standard biochemical, RNA-seq, and proteomic technologies were applied to identify implicated molecular pathways. RESULTS Both drugs caused significant albeit differential damage in vasculature and nephron. The glomerular filtration barrier was more affected by Tac than by CsA, showing prominent deteriorations in endothelium and podocytes along with impaired VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling and podocyte-specific gene expression. By contrast, proximal tubule epithelia were more severely affected by CsA than by Tac, revealing lysosomal dysfunction, enhanced apoptosis, impaired proteostasis and oxidative stress. Lesion characteristics were confirmed in human renal biopsies. CONCLUSION We conclude that pathogenetic alterations in the renal compartments are specific for either treatment. Considering translation to the clinical setting, CNI choice should reflect individual risk factors for renal vasculature and tubular epithelia. As a step in this direction, we share protein signatures identified from multiomics with potential pathognomonic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Demirci
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suncica Popovic
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Dittmayer
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Duygu Elif Yilmaz
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ismail Amr El-Shimy
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility-High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mingzhen Su
- Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bilgin Osmanodja
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cao Y, Wang Y, Li W, Feng J, Chen Y, Chen R, Hu L, Wei J. Fasudil attenuates oxidative stress-induced partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells in hyperuricemic nephropathy via activating Nrf2. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176640. [PMID: 38750716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Anti-partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) treatment of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) represents a promising therapeutic approach. Hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN) arises as a consequence of hyperuricemia (HUA)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Studies have suggested that the Ras homolog member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway is a crucial signaling transduction system in renal fibrosis. Fasudil, a RhoA/ROCK inhibitor, has exhibited the potential to prevent fibrosis progress. However, its impact on the pEMT of TECs in HN remains unclear. Here, an HN rat model and an uric acid (UA)-stimulated human kidney 2 (HK2) cell model were established and treated with Fasudil to explore its effects. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of action involved in the attenuation of pEMT in TECs by Fasudil during HN was probed by using multiple molecular approaches. The HN rat model exhibited significant renal dysfunction and histopathological damage, whereas in vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the pEMT status accompanied by RhoA/ROCK pathway activation and oxidative stress in tubular cells exposed to UA. Notably, Fasudil ameliorated these pathological changes, and this was consistent with the trend of ROCK silencing in vitro. Mechanistically, we identified the Neh2 domain of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a target of Fasudil for the first time. Fasudil targets Nrf2 activation and antagonizes oxidative stress to attenuate the pEMT of TECs in HN. Our findings suggest that Fasudil attenuates oxidative stress-induced pEMT of TECs in HN by targeting Nrf2 activation. Thus, Fasudil is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Division of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China; Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jianan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ruike Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Langtao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiali Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Wang M, Zhou J, Niu Q, Wang H. Mechanism of tacrolimus in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1331800. [PMID: 38774214 PMCID: PMC11106426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1331800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder, with more than half of the patients developing lupus nephritis (LN), which significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The treatment of lupus nephritis has always been challenging. Tacrolimus (TAC), an effective immunosuppressant, has been increasingly used in the treatment of LN in recent years. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of action of tacrolimus in treating LN. Firstly, we briefly introduce the pharmacological properties of tacrolimus, including its role as a calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor, exerting immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting T cell activation and cytokine production. Subsequently, we focus on various other immunomodulatory mechanisms of tacrolimus in LN therapy, including its effects on T cells, B cells, and immune cells in kidney. Particularly, we emphasize tacrolimus' regulatory effect on inflammatory mediators and its importance in modulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance. Additionally, we review its effects on actin cytoskeleton, angiotensin II (Ang II)-specific vascular contraction, and P-glycoprotein activity, summarizing its impacts on non-immune mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in clinical studies and trials. Although some studies have shown significant efficacy of tacrolimus in treating LN, its safety remains a challenge. We outline the potential adverse reactions of long-term tacrolimus use and provide suggestions on effectively monitoring and managing these adverse reactions in clinical practice. In general, tacrolimus, as a novel immunosuppressant, holds promising prospects for treating LN. Of course, further research is needed to better understand its therapeutic mechanisms and ensure its safety and efficacy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Yang C, Wang S, Cheng H, Ke A, Gao C, Guo K. Identification of Fasudil as a collaborator to promote the anti-tumor effect of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting GLI2-mediated hedgehog signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107082. [PMID: 38280440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is a frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitor for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, just 25% of patients benefit from the treatment, and acquired resistance always develops. To date, there are neither effective medications to combat lenvatinib resistance nor accurate markers that might predict how well a patient would respond to the lenvatinib treatment. Thus, novel strategies to recognize and deal with lenvatinib resistance are desperately needed. In the current study, a robust Lenvatinib Resistance index (LRi) model to predict lenvatinib response status in HCC was first established. Subsequently, five candidate drugs (Mercaptopurine, AACOCF3, NU1025, Fasudil, and Exisulind) that were capable of reversing lenvatinib resistance signature were initially selected by performing the connectivity map (CMap) analysis, and fasudil finally stood out by conducting a series of cellular functional assays in vitro and xenograft mouse model. Transcriptomics revealed that the co-administration of lenvatinib and fasudil overcame lenvatinib resistance by remodeling the hedgehog signaling pathway. Mechanistically, the feedback activation of EGFR by lenvatinib led to the activation of the GLI2-ABCC1 pathway, which supported the HCC cell's survival and proliferation. Notably, co-administration of lenvatinib and fasudil significantly inhibited IHH, the upstream switch of the hedgehog pathway, to counteract GLI2 activation and finally enhance the effectiveness of lenvatinib. These findings elucidated a novel EGFR-mediated mechanism of lenvatinib resistance and provided a practical approach to overcoming drug resistance in HCC through meaningful drug repurposing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sikai Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Soh JEC, Shimizu A, Sato A, Ogita H. Novel cardiovascular protective effects of RhoA signaling and its therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115899. [PMID: 37907138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) belongs to the Rho GTPase superfamily, which was first studied in cancers as one of the essential regulators controlling cellular function. RhoA has long attracted attention as a key molecule involved in cell signaling and gene transcription, through which it affects cellular processes. A series of studies have demonstrated that RhoA plays crucial roles under both physiological states and pathological conditions in cardiovascular diseases. RhoA has been identified as an important regulator in cardiac remodeling by regulating actin stress fiber dynamics and cytoskeleton formation. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, preventing definitive conclusions being drawn about its protective role in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we outline the characteristics of RhoA and its related signaling molecules, and present an overview of RhoA classical function and the corresponding cellular responses of RhoA under physiological and pathological conditions. Overall, we provide an update on the novel signaling under RhoA in the cardiovascular system and its potential clinical and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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Opałka B, Żołnierczuk M, Grabowska M. Immunosuppressive Agents-Effects on the Cardiovascular System and Selected Metabolic Aspects: A Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6935. [PMID: 37959400 PMCID: PMC10647341 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs makes it possible to reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases, as well as prevent transplant rejection in organ recipients. Despite their key action in blocking the body's immune response, these drugs have many side effects. These actions primarily affect the cardiovascular system, and the incidence of complications in patients using immunosuppressive drugs is significant, being associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular incidents such as myocardial infarction and stroke. This paper analyzes the mechanisms of action of commonly used immunosuppressive drugs and their impact on the cardiovascular system. The adverse effect of immunosuppressive drugs is associated with toxicity within the cardiovascular system, which may be a problem in the clinical management of patients after transplantation. Immunosuppressants act on the cardiovascular system in a variety of ways, including fibrosis and myocardial remodeling, endothelium disfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia or hyperglycaemia, metabolic syndrome, and hyperuricemia. The use of multidrug protocols makes it possible to develop regimens that can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. A better understanding of their mechanism of action and the range of complications could enable physicians to select the appropriate therapy for a given patient, as well as to reduce complications and prolong life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Opałka
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Żołnierczuk
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marta Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
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8
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Wen J, Liu G, Liu M, Wang H, Wan Y, Yao Z, Gao N, Sun Y, Zhu L. Transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2467-2484. [PMID: 38179789 PMCID: PMC10802212 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2293595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (referred to as cardiac hypertrophy) is a maladaptive response of the heart to a variety of pathological stimuli, and cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure and sudden death. Currently, the treatments for cardiac hypertrophy are limited to improving symptoms and have little effect. Elucidation of the developmental process of cardiac hypertrophy at the molecular level and the identification of new targets for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy are crucial. In this review, we summarize the research on multiple active substances related to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and the signaling pathways involved and focus on the role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the identification of potential targets for molecular intervention. We aim to identify important signaling molecules with clinical value and hope to help promote the precise treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and thus improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guixiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Lung Function, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huarui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyan Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhouhong Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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9
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Li W, Huang G, Tang N, Lu P, Jiang L, Lv J, Qin Y, Lin Y, Xu F, Lei D. Effects of heavy metal exposure on hypertension: A machine learning modeling approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139435. [PMID: 37422210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposure is a common risk factor for hypertension. To develop an interpretable predictive machine learning (ML) model for hypertension based on levels of heavy metal exposure, data from the NHANES (2003-2016) were employed. Random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP), ridge regression (RR), AdaBoost (AB), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), voting classifier (VC), and K-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithms were utilized to generate an optimal predictive model for hypertension. Three interpretable methods, the permutation feature importance analysis, partial dependence plot (PDP), and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) methods, were integrated into a pipeline and embedded in ML for model interpretation. A total of 9005 eligible individuals were randomly allocated into two distinct sets for predictive model training and validation. The results showed that among the predictive models, the RF model demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an accuracy rate of 77.40% in the validation set. The AUC and F1 score for the model were 0.84 and 0.76, respectively. Blood Pb, urinary Cd, urinary Tl, and urinary Co levels were identified as the main influencers of hypertension, and their contribution weights were 0.0504 ± 0.0482, 0.0389 ± 0.0256, 0.0307 ± 0.0179, and 0.0296 ± 0.0162, respectively. Blood Pb (0.55-2.93 μg/dL) and urinary Cd (0.06-0.15 μg/L) levels exhibited the most pronounced upwards trend with the risk of hypertension within a specific value range, while urinary Tl (0.06-0.26 μg/L) and urinary Co (0.02-0.32 μg/L) levels demonstrated a declining trend with hypertension. The findings on the synergistic effects indicated that Pb and Cd were the primary determinants of hypertension. Our findings underscore the predictive value of heavy metals for hypertension. By utilizing interpretable methods, we discerned that Pb, Cd, Tl, and Co emerged as noteworthy contributors within the predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Guangyi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ningning Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuanjun Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunru Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Daizai Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Vidigal AC, de Lucena DD, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. A comprehensive update of the metabolic and toxicological considerations for immunosuppressive drugs used during pancreas transplantation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:405-427. [PMID: 37542452 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2243808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant advancements in immunosuppressive regimens and surgical techniques, the prevalence of adverse events related to immunosuppression remains a major challenge affecting the long-term survival rates of pancreas and kidney allografts. AREAS COVERED This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature and knowledge (Jan/2012-Feb/2023) concerning glucose metabolism disorders and nephrotoxicity associated with tacrolimus and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi). Novel signaling pathways potentially implicated in these adverse events are discussed. Furthermore, we extensively examine the findings from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus, mTORi, and steroid minimization. EXPERT OPINION Tacrolimus-based regimens continue to be the standard treatment following pancreas transplants. However, prolonged use of tacrolimus and mTORi may lead to hyperglycemia and nephrotoxicity. Understanding and interpreting experimental data, particularly concerning novel signaling pathways beyond calcineurin-NFAT and mTOR pathways, can offer valuable insights for therapeutic interventions to mitigate hyperglycemia and nephrotoxicity. Additionally, critically analyzing clinical trial results can identify opportunities for personalized safety-based approaches to minimize side effects. It is imperative to conduct randomized-controlled studies to assess the impact of mTORi use and steroid-free protocols on pancreatic allograft survival. Such studies will aid in tailoring treatment strategies for improved transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Vidigal
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora D de Lucena
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika B Rangel
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
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