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Vaisar T, Babenko I, Horvath KV, Niisuke K, Asztalos BF. Relationships between HDL subpopulation proteome and HDL function in overweight/obese people with and without coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2024; 397:118565. [PMID: 39260003 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The structure-function relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations are not well understood. Our aim was to examine the interrelationships between HDL particle proteome and HDL functionality in subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS We isolated 5 different HDL subpopulations based on charge, size, and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) content from the plasma of 33 overweight/obese CHD patients and 33 age-and body mass index (BMI)-matched CHD-free subjects. We measured the relative molar concentration of HDL-associated proteins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and assessed particle functionality. RESULTS We quantified 110 proteins associated with the 5 APOA1-containing HDL subpopulations. The relative molar concentration of these proteins spanned five orders of magnitude. Only 10 proteins were present in >1% while 73 were present in <0.1% concentration. Only 6 of the 10 most abundant proteins were apolipoproteins. Interestingly, the largest (α-1) and the smallest (preβ-1) HDL particles contained the most diverse proteomes. The protein composition of each HDL subpopulation was altered in CHD cases as compared to controls with the most prominent differences in preβ-1 and α-1 particles. APOA2 concentration was positively correlated with preβ-1 particle functionality (ABCA1-CEC/mg APOA1 in preβ-1) (R2 = 0.42, p = 0.005), while APOE concentration was inversely correlated with large-HDL particle functionality (SRBI-CEC/mg APOA1 in α-1+α-2) (R2 = 0.18, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The protein composition of the different HDL subpopulations was altered differentially in CHD patients. The functionality of the small and large HDL particles correlated with the protein content of APOA2 and APOE, respectively. Our data indicate that distinct particle subspecies and specific particle associated proteins provide new information about the role of HDL in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vaisar
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ilona Babenko
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katalin V Horvath
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katrin Niisuke
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bela F Asztalos
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Lan NSR, Watts GF. New perspectives on the high-density lipoprotein system and its role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024:01266029-990000000-00102. [PMID: 39092802 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The causal role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains debated. Considering recent evidence, the purpose of this review is to a provide a focused update and new perspectives on HDL and CVD. RECENT FINDINGS A Mendelian randomization study demonstrated an increased risk of CVD when HDL-cholesterol was predominantly transported in larger HDL particles and a decreased risk of CVD when HDL-cholesterol was predominantly transported in smaller HDL particles. Moreover, another Mendelian randomization study demonstrated that concentration and content of medium HDL particles is associated with CVD. A Mendelian randomization study that utilized stratified analyses demonstrated that individuals with HDL-cholesterol 50 mg/dl or less were at increased risk of CVD. Lastly, the AEGIS-II trial demonstrated that CSL112, a human apolipoprotein A-I that increases cholesterol efflux, did not significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients at very high risk. Exploratory analyses showed that patients treated with CSL112 had numerically lower rates of cardiovascular events. SUMMARY Qualitative markers of HDL may be causally related to CVD. There is a need for ongoing research into HDL therapeutics that promote the biological properties of HDL. The optimal cohort or disease state that will benefit from these therapies needs to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S R Lan
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Brewer HB, Schaefer EJ, Foldyna B, Ghoshhajra BB. High-density lipoprotein infusion therapy: A review. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e374-e383. [PMID: 38782655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Increased cholesterol-rich, low-density, non-calcified atheromas as assessed by computer coronary tomography angiography analyses have been shown to predict myocardial infarction significantly better than coronary artery calcium score or the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) as evaluated with standard coronary angiography. Low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values are an independent risk factor for CAD. Very small, lipid-poor preβ-1 HDL particles have been shown to be most effective in promoting cellular cholesterol efflux. HDL infusions have been documented to reduce aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed animal models. However, human studies using infusions of either the HDL mimetic containing recombinant apolipoprotein (apo) A-I Milano or Cerenis Compound-001 with native recombinant apoA-I have been mainly negative in promoting coronary atherosclerosis progression as assessed by intravascular ultrasound. In contrast, a study using 7 weekly infusions of autologous delipidated HDL in six homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients was effective in promoting significant regression of low-density non-calcified coronary atheroma regression as assessed by computed coronary angiography. This therapy has received Food and Drug Administration approval. Commonwealth Serum Laboratories has carried out a large clinical endpoint trial using an HDL complex (native apoA-I with phospholipid), and the results were negative. Our purpose is to review animal and human studies using various forms of HDL infusion therapy to promote regression of atherosclerosis. In our view, differences in results may be due to: 1) the HDL preparations used, 2) the subjects studied, and 3) the methods used to assess coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA, USA (Dr Schaefer); Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA (Dr Schaefer).
| | - Borek Foldyna
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (Drs Foldyna and Ghoshhajra)
| | - Brian B Ghoshhajra
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (Drs Foldyna and Ghoshhajra)
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Lucero D, Wolska A, Aligabi Z, Turecamo S, Remaley AT. Lipoprotein Assessment in the twenty-first Century. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:459-481. [PMID: 35963624 PMCID: PMC9382697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on decades of both basic science and epidemiologic research, there is overwhelming evidence for the causal relationship between high levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Risk evaluation and monitoring the response to lipid-lowering therapies are heavily dependent on the accurate assessment of plasma lipoproteins in the clinical laboratory. This article provides an update of lipoprotein metabolism as it relates to atherosclerosis and how diagnostic measures of lipids and lipoproteins can serve as markers of cardiovascular risk, with a focus on recent advances in cardiovascular risk marker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lucero
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5D09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Anna Wolska
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5N323, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zahra Aligabi
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5D09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Turecamo
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5N323, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5D09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Role of ABCA1 in Cardiovascular Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12061010. [PMID: 35743794 PMCID: PMC9225161 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis plays a significant role in cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have indicated that ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is one of the most important proteins that maintains cholesterol homeostasis. ABCA1 mediates nascent high-density lipoprotein biogenesis. Upon binding with apolipoprotein A-I, ABCA1 facilitates the efflux of excess intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids and controls the rate-limiting step of reverse cholesterol transport. In addition, ABCA1 interacts with the apolipoprotein receptor and suppresses inflammation through a series of signaling pathways. Thus, ABCA1 may prevent cardiovascular disease by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining lipid homeostasis. Several studies have indicated that post-transcriptional modifications play a critical role in the regulation of ABCA1 transportation and plasma membrane localization, which affects its biological function. Meanwhile, carriers of the loss-of-function ABCA1 gene are often accompanied by decreased expression of ABCA1 and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We summarized the ABCA1 transcription regulation mechanism, mutations, post-translational modifications, and their roles in the development of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease.
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Jiao Y, Wang J, Yang X, Shen M, Xue H, Guo J, Dong W, Chen Y, Xi Q, Fu Z. Evaluation of the prognostic ability of serum uric acid for elderly acute coronary syndrome patients with diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:856-865. [PMID: 34636188 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the prognostic power of serum uric acid (UA) in predicting adverse events in elderly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS The analysis involved 718 ACS patients >80 years old whose general clinical data and baseline blood biochemical indicators were collected prospectively from January 2006 to December 2012. These patients were classified into two groups based on DM status, and then followed up after discharge. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates and all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to analyze the relationship between UA level and long-term clinical prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to predict the cutoff value of UA in elderly ACS patients with DM. There were 242 and 476 patients in the DM and non-DM (NDM) groups, respectively, and the follow-up time after discharge was 40‒120 months (median, 63 months; interquartile range, 51‒74 months). RESULTS The all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and MACE rates in both DM and NDM patients were higher than those in the control group (P=0.001). All-cause mortalities, cardiac mortalities, and MACE rates in DM patients with moderate and high UA levels were significantly higher than those in the NDM group (P=0.001). Long-term survival rates decreased significantly with increased UA levels in the ACS groups (P=0.001). UA (odds ratio (OR)=2.106, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.244‒3.568, P=0.006) was found to be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and MACE in elderly ACS patients with DM. The cutoff value of UA was 353.6 μmol/L (sensitivity, 67.4%; specificity, 65.7%). CONCLUSIONS Serum UA level is a strong independent predictor of long-term all-cause death and MACE in elderly ACS patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jihang Wang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qing Xi
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Zhenhong Fu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
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Pullinger CR, O’Connor PM, Naya‐Vigne JM, Kunitake ST, Movsesyan I, Frost PH, Malloy MJ, Kane JP. Levels of Prebeta-1 High-Density Lipoprotein Are a Strong Independent Positive Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018381. [PMID: 33728928 PMCID: PMC8174380 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background We previously showed that levels of prebeta-1 high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the principal acceptor of cholesterol effluxed from cells, including artery wall macrophages, are positively associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) risk. Methods and Results In a multiethnic follow-up cohort of 1249 individuals from University of California-San Francisco clinics, we determined the degree to which prebeta-1 HDL levels, both absolute and percentage of apolipoprotein AI, are associated with CHD and history of MI. Independent, strong, positive associations were found. Meta-analysis revealed for the absolute prebeta-1 HDL for the top tertile versus the lowest, unadjusted odds ratios of 1.90 (95% CI, 1.40-2.58) for CHD and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.35-2.36) for MI. For CHD, adjusting for established risk factors, the top versus bottom tertiles, quintiles, and deciles yielded sizable odds ratios of 2.37 (95% CI, 1.74-3.25, P<0.001), 3.20 (95% CI, 2.07-4.94, P<0.001), and 4.00 (95% CI, 2.11-7.58, P<0.001), respectively. Men and women were analyzed separately in a combined data set of 2507 individuals. The odds ratios for CHD and MI risk were similar. Higher levels of prebeta-1 HDL were associated with all 5 metabolic syndrome features. Addition of prebeta-1 HDL to these 5 features resulted in significant improvements in risk-prediction models. Conclusions Analysis of 2507 subjects showed conclusively that levels of prebeta-1 HDL are strongly associated with a history of CHD or MI, independently of traditional risk factors. Addition of prebeta-1 HDL can significantly improve clinical assessment of risk of CHD and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive R. Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
- Department of Physiological NursingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | | | | | - Steven T. Kunitake
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - Irina Movsesyan
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - Philip H. Frost
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - Mary J. Malloy
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - John P. Kane
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
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