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Huang W, Luo Q, Zhu Y, Liu X, Xiang H. Modified rod‐shaped calcium carbonate with thiols improving
UV
‐curing
3D
printing resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Guangxi Huana New Materials Co., Ltd. Nanning People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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Martínez A, González-Lana S, Asín L, de la Fuente JM, Bastiaansen CWM, Broer DJ, Sánchez-Somolinos C. Nano-Second Laser Interference Photoembossed Microstructures for Enhanced Cell Alignment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172958. [PMID: 34502998 PMCID: PMC8434024 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoembossing is a powerful photolithographic technique to prepare surface relief structures relying on polymerization-induced diffusion in a solventless development step. Conveniently, surface patterns are formed by two or more interfering laser beams without the need for a lithographic mask. The use of nanosecond pulsed light-based interference lithography strengthens the pattern resolution through the absence of vibrational line pattern distortions. Typically, a conventional photoembossing protocol consists of an exposure step at room temperature that is followed by a thermal development step at high temperature. In this work, we explore the possibility to perform the pulsed holographic exposure directly at the development temperature. The surface relief structures generated using this modified photoembossing protocol are compared with those generated using the conventional one. Importantly, the enhancement of surface relief height has been observed by exposing the samples directly at the development temperature, reaching approximately double relief heights when compared to samples obtained using the conventional protocol. Advantageously, the light dose needed to reach the optimum height and the amount of photoinitiator can be substantially reduced in this modified protocol, demonstrating it to be a more efficient process for surface relief generation in photopolymers. Kidney epithelial cell alignment studies on substrates with relief-height optimized structures generated using the two described protocols demonstrate improved cell alignment in samples generated with exposure directly at the development temperature, highlighting the relevance of the height enhancement reached by this method. Although cell alignment is well-known to be enhanced by increasing the relief height of the polymeric grating, our work demonstrates nano-second laser interference photoembossing as a powerful tool to easily prepare polymeric gratings with tunable topography in the range of interest for fundamental cell alignment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (S.G.-L.)
| | - Sandra González-Lana
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (S.G.-L.)
- BEONCHIP S.L., CEMINEM, Campus Rio Ebro. C./Mariano Esquillor Gómez s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Asín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.); (J.M.d.l.F.)
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Jesús M. de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.); (J.M.d.l.F.)
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University, P.O. Box 513, 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (C.W.M.B.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University, P.O. Box 513, 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (C.W.M.B.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (S.G.-L.)
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Correspondence:
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Synthesis of the Hydrophobic Cationic Polyacrylamide (PADD) Initiated by Ultrasonic and its Flocculation and Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new type of hydrophobic cationic polyacrylamide P (AM-DMC-DABC) (PADD) was synthesized by ultrasonic (US)-initiated polymerization, which is used for the separation and removal of coal mine wastewater. The acrylamide (AM), methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DABC) were used as monomers to prepare). The factors that affecting the US initiated polymerization of PADD were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure, thermal decomposition performance and surface morphology of the polymers. FT-IR and 1H NMR results showed that PADD was successfully synthesized. In addition, irregular porous surface morphology of PADD were observed by SEM analysis. Under the optimum conditions (pH = 7.0, flocculant dosage = 16.0 mg/L), the excellent flocculation performance (turbidity removal rate (TR) = 98.8%), floc size d50 = 513.467 μm, fractal dimension (Df) = 1.61, flocculation kinetics (KN0) = 27.24 × 10−3·s−1) was obtained by using high-efficiency flocculant PADD. Zeta potential analysis was used to further explore the possible flocculation mechanism of removal. The zeta potential and flocculation analytical results displayed that the flocculation removal process of coal mine wastewater mainly included hydrophobic effect, adsorption, bridging and charge neutralization, and electric patching when PADD was used. The PADD showed more excellent coal mine wastewater flocculation performance than PAD, commercial cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) CCPAM and PAM. Thus PADD, with its good flocculation effect on coal mine wastewater under relatively wide pH range, had bright practical application value.
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Kousaalya A, Ayalew B, Pilla S. Photopolymerization of Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil: A Photocalorimetry-Based Kinetic Study. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21799-21808. [PMID: 31891057 PMCID: PMC6933588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocure kinetics of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) was studied via photocalorimetry without adding any diluent/comonomer, in the presence of two different photoinitiators, namely, 2,2-dimethoxy phenylacetophenone and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone. The effect of varying photoinitiator concentration, light intensity, and temperature on the extent of crosslinking was calculated from the ratio of experimentally measured reaction enthalpy to the theoretical enthalpy of reaction (ΔH theoretical). Photocuring of AESO was observed to be a second-order reaction exhibiting autocatalytic behavior. Nevertheless, due to the occurrence of vitrification, incomplete crosslinking (α ≠ 1) was observed in most curing conditions. Rate constants and activation energies were determined using both nonlinear model-fitting and model-free isoconversional methods. Activation energy, as determined from the model-free isoconversional method, was observed to increase as the reaction proceeded, indicating the shift in cure mechanism from kinetic-controlled to diffusion-controlled. Finally, the reaction termination mechanism was observed to be a combination of second-order and primary radical termination mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beshah Ayalew
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Abstract
Photoinduced elementary reactions of low-MW compounds in polymers is an area of active research. Cured organic polymer coatings often undergo photodegradation by free-radical paths. Besides practical importance, such studies teach how the polymer environment controls elementary free-radical reactions. Presented here is a review of recent literature which reports such studies by product analysis and by a time-resolve technique of photochemical reaction inside the cage of a polymer and in the bulk of a polymer. It was established that application of moderate external magnetic field allows the control of the kinetics of free radicals in elastomers. Preheating and stretching of elastomers affect reactivity of photoproduced radicals.
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Barry JT, Berg DJ, Tyler DR. Radical Cage Effects: The Prediction of Radical Cage Pair Recombination Efficiencies Using Microviscosity Across a Range of Solvent Types. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14399-14405. [PMID: 28931277 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a method for correlating the radical recombination efficiencies (FcP) of geminate radical cage pairs to the properties of the solvent. Although bulk viscosity (macroviscosity) is typically used to predict or interpret radical recombination efficiencies, the work reported here shows that microviscosity is a much better parameter. The use of microviscosity is valid over a range of different solvent system types, including nonpolar, aromatic, polar, and hydrogen bonding solvents. In addition, the relationship of FcP to microviscosity holds for solvent systems containing mixtures of these solvent types. The microviscosities of the solvent systems were straightforwardly determined by measuring the diffusion coefficient of an appropriate probe by NMR DOSY spectroscopy. By using solvent mixtures, selective solvation was shown to not affect the correlation between FcP and microviscosity. In addition, neither solvent polarity nor radical rotation affects the correlation between FcP and the microviscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Barry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon , 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon , 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - David R Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon , 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Levin PP, Efremkin AF, Khudyakov IV. Kinetics of benzophenone ketyl free radicals recombination in a polymer: reactivity in the polymer cage vs. reactivity in the polymer bulk. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:891-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The decay kinetics of intermediates produced under photolysis of benzophenone (B) dissolved in soft rubber poly(ethylene-co-butylene) films (abbreviated asE) was studied by ns laser flash photolysis in the temperature range of 263–313 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P. Levin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
| | - Alexei F. Efremkin
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
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Levin PP, Efremkin AF, Sultimova NB, Kasparov VV, Khudyakov IV. Decay Kinetics of Benzophenone Triplets and Corresponding Free Radicals in Soft and Rigid Polymers Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:369-73. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P. Levin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexei F. Efremkin
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Natalie B. Sultimova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Valery V. Kasparov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
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Levin PP, Khudyakov IV. Laser Flash Photolysis of Benzophenone in Polymer Films. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10996-1000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2072183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P. Levin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 119334
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