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Soleymani H, Ghorbani M, Sedghi M, Allahverdi A, Naderi-Manesh H. Microfluidics single-cell encapsulation reveals that poly-l-lysine-mediated stem cell adhesion to alginate microgels is crucial for cell-cell crosstalk and its self-renewal. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133418. [PMID: 38936577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell encapsulation has provided a platform for studying the behavior of individual cells and has become a turning point in single-cell analysis during the last decade. The engineered microenvironment, along with protecting the immune response, has led to increasingly presenting the results of practical and pre-clinical studies with the goals of disease treatment, tissue engineering, intelligent control of stem cell differentiation, and regenerative medicine. However, the significance of cell-substrate interaction versus cell-cell communications in the microgel is still unclear. In this study, monodisperse alginate microgels were generated using a flow-focusing microfluidic device to determine how the cell microenvironment can control human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) viability, proliferation, and biomechanical features in single-cell droplets versus multi-cell droplets. Collected results show insufficient cell proliferation (234 % and 329 %) in both single- and multi-cell alginate microgels. Alginate hydrogels supplemented with poly-l-lysine (PLL) showed a better proliferation rate (514 % and 780 %) in a comparison of free alginate hydrogels. Cell stiffness data illustrate that hBMSCs cultured in alginate hydrogels have higher membrane flexibility and migration potency (Young's modulus equal to 1.06 kPa), whereas PLL introduces more binding sites for cell attachment and causes lower flexibility and migration potency (Young's modulus equal to 1.83 kPa). Considering that cell adhesion is the most important parameter in tissue engineering, in which cells do not run away from a 3D substrate, PLL enhances cell stiffness and guarantees cell attachments. In conclusion, cell attachment to PLL-mediated alginate hydrogels is crucial for cell viability and proliferation. It suggests that cell-cell signaling is good enough for stem cell viability, but cell-PLL attachment alongside cell-cell signaling is crucial for stem cell proliferation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Soleymani
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mosslim Sedghi
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran.
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Gupta P, Alheib O, Shin JW. Towards single cell encapsulation for precision biology and medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115010. [PMID: 37454931 PMCID: PMC10798218 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary impetus of therapeutic cell encapsulation in the past several decades has been to broaden the options for donor cell sources by countering against immune-mediated rejection. However, another significant advantage of encapsulation is to provide donor cells with physiologically relevant cues that become compromised in disease. The advances in biomaterial design have led to the fundamental insight that cells sense and respond to various signals encoded in materials, ranging from biochemical to mechanical cues. The biomaterial design for cell encapsulation is becoming more sophisticated in controlling specific aspects of cellular phenotypes and more precise down to the single cell level. This recent progress offers a paradigm shift by designing single cell-encapsulating materials with predefined cues to precisely control donor cells after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerak Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Omar Alheib
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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Hajifathaliha F, Mahboubi A, Mohit E, Bolourchian N, Khalaj V, Nematollahi L. Comparison of Linear Poly Ethylene Imine (LPEI) and Poly L-Lysine (PLL) in Fabrication of CHOK 1 Cell-Loaded Multilayer Alginate Microcapsules. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:290-296. [PMID: 32373499 PMCID: PMC7191236 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Poly l-lysine (PLL) has been introduced as a strengthening covering layer for alginate microcapsules which are the most convenient way for cell encapsulation. Some disadvantages of PLL such as high price and low biocompatibility have prompted scientists to find better alternatives. Linear poly ethylene imine (LPEI), thanks to its highly similar structure to PLL, could be considered as a proper cost-effective alternative. In this study LPEI and PLL were compared as covering layers of cell-loaded alginate-LPEI-alginate (cALA) and alginate-PLL-alginate (cAPA) microcapsules. Methods: In addition to the physico-mechanical properties, the encapsulation efficiency, cell survival post encapsulation, cell viability, and cellular metabolic activity within the microcapsules were evaluated using trypan blue, live/dead cell staining, and MTT test, respectively. Results: Physico-mechanical evaluation of the microcapsules revealed that the cell microencapsulation process did not affect their shape, size, and mechanical stability. Although the encapsulation efficiency for cALA and cAPA was not different (P >0.05), cell survival post encapsulation was higher in cALA than in cAPA (P<0.05) which could be the reason for the higher cell viability and also cellular metabolic activity within these microcapsules in comparison to cAPA. Conclusion: Here, based on these results, ALA could be introduced as a preferable alternative to APA for cell encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Hajifathaliha
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mahboubi
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Mohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Bolourchian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nematollahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Kanda P, Alarcon EI, Yeuchyk T, Parent S, de Kemp RA, Variola F, Courtman D, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Deterministic Encapsulation of Human Cardiac Stem Cells in Variable Composition Nanoporous Gel Cocoons To Enhance Therapeutic Repair of Injured Myocardium. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4338-4350. [PMID: 29660269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although cocooning explant-derived cardiac stem cells (EDCs) in protective nanoporous gels (NPGs) prior to intramyocardial injection boosts long-term cell retention, the number of EDCs that finally engraft is trivial and unlikely to account for salutary effects on myocardial function and scar size. As such, we investigated the effect of varying the NPG content within capsules to alter the physical properties of cocoons without influencing cocoon dimensions. Increasing NPG concentration enhanced cell migration and viability while improving cell-mediated repair of injured myocardium. Given that the latter occurred with NPG content having no detectable effect on the long-term engraftment of transplanted cells, we found that changing the physical properties of cocoons prompted explant-derived cardiac stem cells to produce greater amounts of cytokines, nanovesicles, and microRNAs that boosted the generation of new blood vessels and new cardiomyocytes. Thus, by altering the physical properties of cocoons by varying NPG content, the paracrine signature of encapsulated cells can be enhanced to promote greater endogenous repair of injured myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
| | - Tanya Yeuchyk
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Robert A de Kemp
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1N6N5
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
| | - David Courtman
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Canada K1H8L6
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Canada K1H8L6
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
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Santos VH, Pfeifer JPH, de Souza JB, Milani BHG, de Oliveira RA, Assis MG, Deffune E, Moroz A, Alves ALG. Culture of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine synovial membrane in alginate hydrogel microcapsules. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:114. [PMID: 29587733 PMCID: PMC5870504 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hugo Santos
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Hübbe Pfeifer
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Brandão de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Betsabéia Heloisa Gentilha Milani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Antonio de Oliveira
- Departament of Statistics, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Golim Assis
- Departament of Graduate Program in Research and Development: Medical Biotechnology (Professional Master's) from the Blood Center of UNESP, Blood Centre Division, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n° -, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Departament of Urology, University of Medicine, UNESP, District of Rubião Junior s / n° - Blood Centre Division - Laboratory of Cellular Engineering, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Departament of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, FCFAR - UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, KM 01, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Seth D, Mishra HN, Deka SC. Effect of microencapsulation using extrusion technique on viability of bacterial cells during spray drying of sweetened yoghurt. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:802-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Borlongan CV, Thanos CG, Skinner SJM, Geaney M, Emerich DF. Transplants of Encapsulated Rat Choroid Plexus Cells Exert Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:987-992. [PMID: 28866919 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783472426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells secrete several neurotrophic factors and have been used in transplantation studies designed to impart neuroprotection against central nervous system (CNS) trauma. In the present study, CP was isolated from adult rats, encapsulated within alginate microcapsules, and transplanted unilaterally into the rat striatum. Three days later, unilateral injections of quinolinic acid (QA; 225 nmol) were made into the ipsilateral striatum to mimic the pathology observed in Huntington's disease (HD). After surgery, animals were tested for motor function using the placement test. Rats receiving CP transplants were significantly less impaired on this test. Nissl-stained sections demonstrated that CP transplants significantly reduced the volume of the striatal lesion produced by QA. Quantitative analysis of striatal neurons further demonstrated that choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive, but not diaphorase-positive, neurons were protected by CP transplants. These data demonstrate that transplanted CP cells can be used to protect striatal neurons from excitotoxic damage and that the pattern of neuroprotection varies across specific neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesario V Borlongan
- Neurology/Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.,Research and Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
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8
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Emerich DF, Thanos CG. In Vitro Culture Duration does Not Impact the Ability of Encapsulated Choroid Plexus Transplants to Prevent Neurological Deficits in an Excitotoxin-Lesioned Rat Model of Huntington's Disease. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:595-602. [PMID: 17176611 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of neurotrophic molecules to the CNS is a potential treatment strategy for preventing the neuronal loss accompanying many neurological disorders. Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells secrete a cocktail of neurotrophic factors, and encapsulated CP transplants are neuroprotective in animal models of stroke and Huntington's disease (HD). Prior to clinical use, it is essential to identify and optimize parameters such as the length of time that transplant products such as encapsulated CP can be maintained. In the present study, neonatal porcine CP was encapsulated within alginate microcapsules and maintained in vitro for 1, 2, or 7 months. The encapsulated cells remained viable (>80%) at all time points and were transplanted unilaterally into the rat striatum. Seven days later, the same animals received unilateral injections of quinolinic acid (QA; 225 nmol) adjacent to the implant site. Separate groups of animals served as controls and received QA alone. After surgery, animals were periodically evaluated for weight loss and were tested for motor function 14 days post-QA. In controls, QA lesions produced a significant loss of body weight and impaired function of the contralateral forelimb. In contrast, implants of CP were potently neuroprotective as rats receiving CP transplants did not lose body weight and were not significantly impaired when tested for motor function. These benefits were independent of the length of time that the cells were held in vitro and demonstrate that the potential potency of alginate encapsulated CP cells can be retained for extremely long periods of time in vitro.
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Blocki A, Beyer S, Dewavrin JY, Goralczyk A, Wang Y, Peh P, Ng M, Moonshi SS, Vuddagiri S, Raghunath M, Martinez EC, Bhakoo KK. Microcapsules engineered to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) survival and proliferation enable long-term retention of MSCs in infarcted myocardium. Biomaterials 2015; 53:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Mohajeri S, Burke NA, Stöver HD. The stability of enamine crosslinks formed from acetoacetate/amine in synthetic hydrogels. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Gañán-Calvo A, Montanero J, Martín-Banderas L, Flores-Mosquera M. Building functional materials for health care and pharmacy from microfluidic principles and Flow Focusing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1447-69. [PMID: 23954401 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we aim at establishing a relationship between the fundamentals of the microfluidics technologies used in the Pharmacy field, and the achievements accomplished by those technologies. We describe the main methods for manufacturing micrometer drops, bubbles, and capsules, as well as the corresponding underlying physical mechanisms. In this regard, the review is intended to show non-specialist readers the dynamical processes which determine the success of microfluidics techniques. Flow focusing (FF) is a droplet-based method widely used to produce different types of fluid entities on a continuous basis by applying an extensional co-flow. We take this technique as an example to illustrate how microfluidics technologies for drug delivery are progressing from a deep understanding of the physics of fluids involved. Specifically, we describe the limitations of FF, and review novel methods which enhance its stability and robustness. In the last part of this paper, we review some of the accomplishments of microfluidics when it comes to drug manufacturing and delivery. Special attention is paid to the production of the microencapsulated form because this fluidic structure gathers the main functionalities sought for in Pharmacy. We also show how FF has been adapted to satisfy an ample variety of pharmaceutical requirements to date.
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Zhang W, Zhao S, Rao W, Snyder J, Choi JK, Wang J, Khan IA, Saleh NB, Mohler PJ, Yu J, Hund TJ, Tang C, He X. A Novel Core-Shell Microcapsule for Encapsulation and 3D Culture of Embryonic Stem Cells. J Mater Chem B 2012; 2013:1002-1009. [PMID: 23505611 DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the preparation of a novel microcapsule of ~ 100 μm with a liquid (as compared to solid-like alginate hydrogel) core and an alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) shell for encapsulation and culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells in the miniaturized 3D space of the liquid core. Murine R1 ES cells cultured in the microcapsules were found to survive (> 90%) well and proliferate to form either a single aggregate of pluripotent cells or embryoid body (EB) of more differentiated cells in each microcapsule within 7 days, dependent on the culture medium used. This novel microcapsule technology allows massive production of the cell aggregates or EBs of uniform size and controllable pluripotency, which is important for the practical application of stem cell based therapy. Moreover, the semipermeable ACA shell was found to significantly reduce immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to the encapsulated cells by up to 8.2 times, compared to non-encapsulated cardiac fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and ES cells. This reduction should minimize inflammatory and immune responses induced damage to the cells implanted in vivo becasue IgG binding is an important first step of the undesired host responses. Therefore, the ACA microcapsule with selective shell permeability should be of importance to advance the emerging cell-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA ; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA ; Biomolecular Engineering Program, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
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Controlled release of Pantoea agglomerans E325 for biocontrol of fire blight disease of apple. J Control Release 2012; 161:109-15. [PMID: 22516094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation and controlled release of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 (E325), an antagonist to the bacterial plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora that causes fire blight, a devastating disease of apple and pear, have been investigated. Uniform core-shell alginate microcapsules (AMCs), 60-300 μm in diameter, were fabricated to encapsulate E325 within the core, along with nutrients, to preserve viability and promote proliferation. Controlled release of E325 was achieved by separately adjusting alginate concentrations in the shell and core solutions, and by modifying the AMC size. Viability of E325 was monitored via fluorescent staining, revealing either lack of or minimal stress during or after encapsulation. Proliferation of E325 within AMCs, followed by their subsequent release, and colonization activities within confines of apple flowers were studied under different encapsulation conditions using rfp-labeled E325 to obtain highly promising results. This study provided a 'proof of concept' of the successful use of a microencapsulated biocontrol agent, E325, against E. amylovora, and could serve as a model for further studies on the development of effective plant disease management strategies.
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Santos E, Orive G, Calvo A, Catena R, Fernández-Robredo P, Layana AG, Hernández R, Pedraz J. Optimization of 100μm alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate capsules for intravitreous administration. J Control Release 2012; 158:443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Zhang W, He X. Microencapsulating and Banking Living Cells for Cell-Based Medicine. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2011; 2:427-446. [PMID: 22180835 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.2.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge to the eventual success of the emerging cell-based medicine such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell transplantation is the limited availability of the desired cell sources. This challenge can be addressed by cell microencapsulation to overcome the undesired immune response (i.e., to achieve immunoisolation) so that non-autologous cells can be used to treat human diseases, and by cell/tissue preservation to bank living cells for wide distribution to end users so that they are readily available when needed in the future. This review summarizes the status quo of research in both cell microencapsulation and banking the microencapsulated cells. It is concluded with a brief outlook of future research directions in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Kontturi LS, Yliperttula M, Toivanen P, Määttä A, Määttä AM, Urtti A. A laboratory-scale device for the straightforward production of uniform, small sized cell microcapsules with long-term cell viability. J Control Release 2011; 152:376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Ranganath SH, Ling Tan A, He F, Wang CH, Krantz WB. Control and enhancement of permselectivity of membrane-based microcapsules for favorable biomolecular transport and immunoisolation. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Sakai S, Kawakami K. Development of Subsieve-Size Capsules and Application to Cell Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 670:22-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5786-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rago AP, Chai PR, Morgan JR. Encapsulated arrays of self-assembled microtissues: an alternative to spherical microcapsules. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:387-95. [PMID: 19193131 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-encapsulation and immuno-isolation of allogenic and xenogenic tissues and cells is a promising method for the treatment of a variety of metabolic disorders. Many years have been spent optimizing spherical microcapsules, yet micro-encapsulation has not achieved its full clinical potential. As an alternative to spherical microcapsules, this study presents an alginate-encapsulated array of self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) microtissues. Monodispersed HepG2 cells were seeded onto a micro-molded agarose gel. Cells settled to the bottom of the mold recesses and self-assembled 3D microtissues (n = 822) within 24 h. This array of densely packed microtissues was encapsulated in situ using alginate. When separated from the agarose micro-mold, the encapsulated array had HepG2 microtissues in close proximity to its surface. This surface could be further modified by a simple dipping process. Microtissue size, viability, and albumin secretion were all controllable by the number of cells seeded onto the original agarose micro-mold, and microtissue shape and spacing were controllable by the design of the micro-mold. This approach to encapsulation and the use of self-assembled/self-packing 3D microtissues offers new design possibilities that may help to address certain limitations of conventional microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Rago
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Zhang W, He X. Encapsulation of Living Cells in Small (∼100 μm) Alginate Microcapsules by Electrostatic Spraying: A Parametric Study. J Biomech Eng 2009; 131:074515. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A parametric study was performed to understand the effect of preparation parameters on size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency (i.e., cells/microcapsule) of alginate microcapsules prepared using the electrostatic spray method. The preparation parameters studied include sodium alginate concentration, spray voltage, flow rate, and cell density. It was found that both the flow rate and spray voltage have a significant impact on microcapsule size while the microcapsule morphology is greatly influenced by both the sodium alginate concentration and spray voltage. To obtain small (∼100 μm) cell-loaded microcapsules with good morphology (i.e., round in shape and uniform in size) and high encapsulation efficiency (>5 cells/microcapsule), the optimal ranges of spray voltage, flow rate, alginate concentration, and cell density are from 1.6–1.8 kV, 1.5–3 ml/h, >1.5% (w/v), and (3–5)×106 cells/ml, respectively. Under optimal preparation conditions, cells were found to survive the microencapsulation process well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujie Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208
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21
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Genipin Cross-Linked Polymeric Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules for Oral Delivery: In-Vitro Analysis. INT J POLYM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1155/2009/617184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the preparation of the genipin cross-linked alginate-chitosan (GCAC) microcapsules composed of an alginate core with a genipin cross-linked chitosan membrane. This paper is the further investigation on their structural and physical characteristics. Results showed that the GCAC microcapsules had a smooth and dense surface and a networked interior. Cross-linking by genipin substantially reduced swelling and physical disintegration of microcapsules induced by nongelling ions and calcium sequestrants. Strong resistance to mechanical shear forces and enzymatic degradation was observed. Furthermore, the GCAC membranes were permeable to bovine serum albumin and maintained a molecular weight cutoff at 70 KD, analogous to the widely studied alginate-chitosan, and alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate microcapsules. The release features and the tolerance of the GCAC microcapsules in the stimulated gastrointestinal environment were also investigated. This GCAC microcapsule formulation offers significant potential as a delivery vehicle for many biomedical applications.
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Sakai S, Kawabata K, Ono T, Ijima H, Kawakami K. Higher Viscous Solution Induces Smaller Droplets for Cell-Enclosing Capsules in a Co-flowing Stream. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:994-7. [PMID: 15932285 DOI: 10.1021/bp049600i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical strength of cell-enclosing capsules governs the success of the transplantation of enclosed cells in vivo for cell therapy. Mechanical strength closely correlates with the concentration and molecular weight of the polymers present in the aqueous solution that end up in the capsules, and the viscosity of the aqueous polymer solution also depends on these two factors. Three aqueous solutions differing in viscosity (1.0, 36, and 194 mPa s) were extruded from a needle (300 microm inner diameter) at a velocity of 1.2 cm/s into an ambient co-flowing liquid paraffin laminar stream. Smaller droplets were obtained from a higher viscous solution. At a liquid paraffin velocity of 23.5 cm/s, the diameter of droplets obtained from the highest viscous solution (194 mPa s)) was 44 +/- 4 microm, and it represented 40% and 20% of that from droplets in solutions of 36 and 1.0 mPa s viscosity, respectively. The cells enclosed in these droplets maintained more than 95% viability during the droplet breakup process independent of the viscosity of the aqueous solution (p > 0.50). In addition, retrieved cells from the droplets showed the same proliferation profiles as the cells that were not subjected to the droplet breakup process, on tissue culture dishes (p > 0.13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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He H, Ping F, Chen G, Zhang S. Chemoembolization of tongue carcinoma with ethylcellulose microcapsuled carboplatinum and its basic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 36:114-22. [PMID: 18437588 DOI: 10.1080/10731190801932108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By using lingual artery chemoembolization on the basis of detailed basic studies to search an additional way for treatment of certain tongue carcinoma. METHODS Study of lingual artery cast specimens in post-mortem human was processed. Patients with tongue carcinoma were chemoembolized with Carboplatinum microcapsules. RESULTS Microcapsule embolism located approximately at the fifth to the sixth branches level of deep lingual artery. Effective clinical outcomes complied with the anatomy. CONCLUSION Lingual artery chemoembolization with microcapsuled Carboplatinum of 214.0 +/- 48.0 microm showed nice efficacy in therapy of mid-tongue carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhe Jiang University, Hang Zhou, China
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Emerich DF, Schneider P, Bintz B, Hudak J, Thanos CG. Aging reduces the neuroprotective capacity, VEGF secretion, and metabolic activity of rat choroid plexus epithelial cells. Cell Transplant 2008; 16:697-705. [PMID: 18019359 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783465145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of neurotrophic molecules to the brain has potential for preventing neuronal loss in neurodegenerative disorders. Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells secrete numerous neurotrophic factors, and encapsulated CP transplants are neuroprotective in models of stroke and Huntington's disease (HD). To date, all studies examining the neuroprotective potential of CP transplants have used cells isolated from young donor animals. Because the aging process significantly impacts the cytoarchitecture and function of the CP the following studies determined whether age-related impairments occur in its neuroprotective capacity. CP was isolated from either young (3-4 months) or aged (24 months) rats. In vitro, young CP epithelial cells secreted more VEGF and were metabolically more active than aged CP epithelial cells. Additionally, conditioned medium from cultured aged CP was less potent than young CP at enhancing the survival of serum-deprived neurons. Finally, encapsulated CP was tested in an animal model of HD. Cell-loaded or empty alginate capsules (control group) were transplanted unilaterally into the rat striatum. Seven days later, the animals received an injection of quinolinic acid (QA; 225 nmol) adjacent to the implant site. Animals were tested for motor function 28 days later. In the control group, QA lesions severely impaired function of the contralateral forelimb. Implants of young CP were potently neuroprotective as rats receiving CP transplants were not significantly impaired when tested for motor function. In contrast, implants of CP from aged rats were only modestly effective and were much less potent than young CP transplants. These data are the first to directly link aging with diminished neuroprotective capacity of CP epithelial cells.
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Wilson JT, Chaikof EL. Challenges and emerging technologies in the immunoisolation of cells and tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:124-45. [PMID: 18022728 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protection of transplanted cells from the host immune system using immunoisolation technology will be important in realizing the full potential of cell-based therapeutics. Microencapsulation of cells and cell aggregates has been the most widely explored immunoisolation strategy, but widespread clinical application of this technology has been limited, in part, by inadequate transport of nutrients, deleterious innate inflammatory responses, and immune recognition of encapsulated cells via indirect antigen presentation pathways. To reduce mass transport limitations and decrease void volume, recent efforts have focused on developing conformal coatings of micron and submicron scale on individual cells or cell aggregates. Additionally, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities are being integrated into immunoisolation devices to generate bioactive barriers that locally modulate host responses to encapsulated cells. Continued exploration of emerging paradigms governed by the inherent challenges associated with immunoisolation will be critical to actualizing the clinical potential of cell-based therapeutics.
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Ciofani G, Raffa V, Pizzorusso T, Menciassi A, Dario P. Characterization of an alginate-based drug delivery system for neurological applications. Med Eng Phys 2007; 30:848-55. [PMID: 18042419 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a drug delivery system based on alginate gels. The biocompatibility, the flexibility in size and shape, and the ability to entrap biomolecules make alginate-based systems ideal for in vivo drug delivery. Specifically, by considering the target application of neural regeneration and neuroprotection, the issue of biocompatibility as well as morphologic compatibility (e.g. shape and size of an implant) have to be addressed. The authors describe various types of alginate gels; fibers of cylindrical shape resulted the best choice in terms of simplicity of realization, insertion and release effectiveness, as shown by preliminary in vivo assays. Consequently, fibers release is tested in vitro and theoretically modelled, in order to obtain mathematical correlations between the release kinetics and key parameters affecting the realization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Ciofani
- CRIM (Center for Research in Microengineering) Lab, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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He H, Huang JQ, Ping FY, Chen GF, Zhang SZ. Deep lingual arterial chemoembolization of tongue carcinoma with microcapsuled anticancer drug. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:704-8. [PMID: 17910111 PMCID: PMC1997222 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microcapsule chemoembolism is a promising treatment of tumors. We describe a deep lingual arterial embolization of tongue carcinoma with microcapsuled carboplatinum. METHODS Lingual artery cast specimens from cadavers were microscopically examined, and 78 patients with tongue cancer were recruited and treated with the deep lingual arterial embolization therapy. RESULTS Microcapsule embolism occurred approximately at the fifth or sixth level of the deep lingual artery branches. The five-year survival rate was 88.5% (69 out of 78), and the ten-year survival rate 52.6% (41 out of 78). CONCLUSION The deep lingual arterial embolization of tongue carcinoma with microcapsuled carboplatinum is an effective therapy to treat carcinoma in mid-margin or mid-body of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian-qi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fei-yun Ping
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- †E-mail:
| | - Guan-fu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Su-zhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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He H, Huang J, Ping F, Chen G, Zhang S, Dong Y. Anatomical and clinical study of lingual arterial chemoembolization for tongue carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:e1-5. [PMID: 17317232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an alternative treatment approach using lingual artery chemoembolization for certain tongue carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN Fifty-three lingual artery, postmortem, cast human specimens were studied. Seventy-eight patients with tongue carcinoma were chemoembolized with Car-platinum microcapsules. RESULTS The deposition of the microcapsule embolism was approximately at the fifth- to the sixth-branch level of the deep lingual artery. The results complied with the anatomy, and the clinical outcomes were effective. CONCLUSIONS Lingual artery chemoembolization showed efficacy for curing carcinoma in the midmargin and midbody areas of the tongue, within the limitations of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhe Jiang University, Hang Zhou, China.
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Thanos CG, Bintz BE, Emerich DF. Stability of alginate-polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 81:1-11. [PMID: 17089418 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alginate encapsulation is a form of cell-based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate-polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in-life. Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Thanos
- LCT BioPharma, Incorporated, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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Sugiura S, Oda T, Aoyagi Y, Matsuo R, Enomoto T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Satake M, Ochiai A, Ohkohchi N, Nakajima M. Microfabricated airflow nozzle for microencapsulation of living cells into 150 micrometer microcapsules. Biomed Microdevices 2006; 9:91-9. [PMID: 17106639 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-006-9011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of genetically engineered cells has attracted much attention as an alternative nonviral strategy to gene therapy. Though smaller microcapsules (i.e. less than 300 microm) theoretically have various advantages, technical limitations made it difficult to prove this notion. We have developed a novel microfabricated device, namely a micro-airflow-nozzle (MAN), to produce 100 to 300 microm alginate microcapsules with a narrow size distribution. The MAN is composed of a nozzle with a 60 microm internal diameter for an alginate solution channel and airflow channels next to the nozzle. An alginate solution extruded through the nozzle was sheared by the airflow. The resulting alginate droplets fell directly into a CaCl2 solution, and calcium alginate beads were formed. The device enabled us to successfully encapsulate living cells into 150 microm microcapsules, as well as control microcapsule size by simply changing the airflow rate. The encapsulated cells had a higher growth rate and greater secretion activity of marker protein in 150 microm microcapsules compared to larger microcapsules prepared by conventional methods because of their high diffusion efficiency and effective scaffold surface area. The advantages of smaller microcapsules offer new prospects for the advancement of microencapsulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Food Engineering Division, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
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Emerich DF, Thanos CG, Goddard M, Skinner SJM, Geany MS, Bell WJ, Bintz B, Schneider P, Chu Y, Babu RS, Borlongan CV, Boekelheide K, Hall S, Bryant B, Kordower JH. Extensive neuroprotection by choroid plexus transplants in excitotoxin lesioned monkeys. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 23:471-80. [PMID: 16777422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) results from degeneration of striatal neurons. Choroid plexus (CP) cells secrete neurotrophic factors, and CP transplants are neuroprotective in rat models of HD. To determine if similar neuroprotective effects could be obtained in primates, porcine CP was encapsulated in alginate capsules. PCR confirmed that the CP cells expressed transthyretin and immunocytochemistry demonstrated typical ZO-1 and tubulin staining. In vitro, CP conditioned media enhanced the survival and preserved neurite number and length on serum deprived neurons. Cynomolgus primates were transplanted with CP-loaded capsules into the caudate and putamen followed by quinolinic acid (QA) lesions 1 week later. Control monkeys received empty capsules plus QA. Choroid plexus transplants significantly protected striatal neurons as revealed by stereological counts of NeuN-positive neurons (8% loss vs. 43% in controls) and striatum volume (10% decrease vs. 40% in controls). These data indicate that CP transplants might be useful for preventing the degeneration of neurons in HD.
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Sakai S, Kawabata K, Ono T, Ijima H, Kawakami K. Development of mammalian cell-enclosing subsieve-size agarose capsules (<100μm) for cell therapy. Biomaterials 2005; 26:4786-92. [PMID: 15763258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Agarose capsules were prepared using a droplet breakup method in a coflowing stream. Subsieve-size capsules 76+/-9 microm in diameter were obtained by extruding 4 wt% agarose solution from a needle (300 microm inner diameter) at a velocity of 1.2 cm/s into an ambient liquid paraffin flow of 20.8 cm/s. Increasing the flow rate of the liquid paraffin and decreasing that of the agarose solution resulted in a decreased resultant capsule diameter. Reduction in diameter from several hundred micrometers to subsieve-size (<100 microm) enhanced molecular exchange and mechanical stability. Measurements based on the percentage of intact mitochondria in the cells demonstrated that the viability of the enclosed cells was independent of capsule diameter. No significant difference was observed between the viabilities of cells enclosed in capsules with diameters of 79+/-8 and 351+/-41 microm (p=0.43). Compared with cells seeded in a tissue culture dish, the cells enclosed in the subsieve-size capsules showed 89.2% viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Orive G, Hernández RM, Gascón AR, Pedraz JL. Challenges in Cell Encapsulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3363-x_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Sakai S, Kawabata K, Ono T, Ijima H, Kawakami K. Preparation of mammalian cell-enclosing subsieve-sized capsules (<100 microm) in a coflowing stream. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 86:168-73. [PMID: 15052636 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The droplet breakup technique with an immiscible liquid coflowing stream was investigated for the preparation of mammalian cell-enclosing subsieve-sized capsules of less than 100 microm in diameter. The major parts of the droplet generation device were a needle of several hundred micrometers in diameter for extruding the cell-suspending sodium alginate aqueous solution and a tubule of 2.5 mm in diameter through which the extruded alginate solution flowed into ambient immiscible liquid paraffin. The needle was positioned upstream in the vicinity of the coaxial tubule. The droplet diameter of the viscous sodium alginate aqueous solution could be controlled from several dozen to several hundred micrometers by changing the velocities of the inner and ambient fluids and the diameter of the needle. By utilizing a 300-microm diameter needle, CHO-K1 cell-enclosing droplets of 48 +/- 8 microm in diameter were obtained by extruding a cell-suspending sodium alginate solution at a velocity of 1.2 cm/sec into the ambient liquid paraffin flowing at a velocity of 23.5 cm/sec. The breakup process did not influence the viability of the enclosed cells, since more than 95% of the CHO-K1 cells remained alive after the enclosing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Healing and Preventive Effects of Calcium Alginate on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Mar Drugs 2004. [DOI: 10.3390/md203108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/0265204031000114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Orive G, Gascón AR, Hernández RM, Igartua M, Luis Pedraz J. Cell microencapsulation technology for biomedical purposes: novel insights and challenges. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24:207-10. [PMID: 12767713 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-6147(03)00073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of cell microencapsulation technology is to treat multiple diseases in the absence of immunosuppression. Using this technique, cells are immobilized within carefully designed capsules that allow the long-term function of the graft. Although the potential impact of this field is likely to be wide-ranging, the past few years have seen several 'firsts' that have brought the whole technology much closer to a realistic clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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