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Jing H, Huang X, Du X, Mo L, Ma C, Wang H. Facile synthesis of pH-responsive sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel beads promoted by hydrogen bond. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118993. [PMID: 34973796 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel synthesis strategy of sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel beads promoted by hydrogen bond was described. The beads were prepared by dropping the blends of two polymers into the citric acid solution. Besides hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions were also involved in the formation of the hydrogel beads. The thermal stability experiments revealed that the more the content of carboxymethyl chitosan, the better the thermal stability of the beads. The beads exhibited excellent pH sensitivity, pH reversibility, and lactoferrin loading capacity. The swelling ratio of the bead and its protein releasing profile was pH-dependent, which could prevent premature protein release in the gastric environment. Also, the circular dichroism results demonstrated that lactoferrin could maintain its structure during the loading and releasing process. The obtained results revealed that the hydrogel beads prepared in this work could be used as a potential protein carrier for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Jing
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ling Mo
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Chalitangkoon J, Wongkittisin M, Monvisade P. Silver loaded hydroxyethylacryl chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogel films for controlled drug release wound dressings. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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pH-responsive double network alginate/kappa-carrageenan hydrogel beads for controlled protein release: Effect of pH and crosslinking agent. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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4
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Sun L, Pu S, Li J, Cai J, Zhou B, Ren G, Ma Q, Zhong L. Size controllable one step synthesis of gold nanoparticles using carboxymethyl chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:770-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lv X, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Hou M. Hygroscopicity modulation of hydrogels based on carboxymethyl chitosan/Alginate polyelectrolyte complexes and its application as pH-sensitive delivery system. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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pH-sensitive hydrogel based on carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate and its application for drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Ding X, Li D, Shen C, Xu FJ. Dual-Crosslinked Amorphous Polysaccharide Hydrogels Based on Chitosan/Alginate for Wound Healing Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800069. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaokang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Chuanan Shen
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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Huang GQ, Cheng LY, Xiao JX, Wang SQ, Han XN. Genipin-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan–gum Arabic coacervate as a pH-sensitive delivery system and microstructure characterization. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:193-204. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216651393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of genipin-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan–gum Arabic coacervate as a pH-sensitive delivery vehicle was investigated. O-carboxymethyl chitosan–gum Arabic coacervates separated in pH 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 were crosslinked by genipin for different durations and the crosslinked products were subjected to crosslinking degree, swelling behavior, bovine serum albumin release profile, and microstructure characterization. Genipin-crosslinking greatly improved the stability of the coacervates against the simulated gastric solution and created certain pH-sensitivity. The coacervates displayed higher swelling ratios in the simulated gastric solution than in the simulated intestine and colon solutions; meanwhile, the coacervates prepared in pH 4.5 and 6.0 swelled more severely than the complex separated in pH 3.0. Nevertheless, the bovine serum albumin release in the simulated gastric solution from the microcapsules prepared in pH 6.0 was much lower than those prepared in pH 4.5 and 3.0, whose cumulative release percentages in the three simulated solutions were 17.14%, 55.23%, and 79.79%, respectively, in crosslinking duration 2 h. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that genipin-crosslinking improved the regularity and compactness of coacervate structure, whereas confocal laser scanning microscopy observation indicated that O-carboxymethyl chitosan content was possibly the major reason for the different swelling and bovine serum albumin release behavior of the coacervates. It was concluded that the genipin-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan–gum Arabic coacervate was a potential intestine-targeted delivery system and its delivery performance could be tailored by varying the crosslinking degree and coacervation acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling-Yun Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-Xia Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Na Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Huang GQ, Han XN, Xiao JX, Cheng LY. Effects of coacervation acidity on the genipin crosslinking action and intestine-targeted delivery potency of the O-carboxymethyl chitosan–gum arabic coacervates. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1190924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Derinat Protects Skin against Ultraviolet-B (UVB)-Induced Cellular Damage. Molecules 2015; 20:20297-311. [PMID: 26569211 PMCID: PMC6331914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) is one of the most cytotoxic and mutagenic stresses that contribute to skin damage and aging through increasing intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Derinat (sodium deoxyribonucleate) has been utilized as an immunomodulator for the treatment of ROS-associated diseases in clinics. However, the molecular mechanism by which Derinat protects skin cells from UVB-induced damage is poorly understood. Here, we show that Derinat significantly attenuated UVB-induced intracellular ROS production and decreased DNA damage in primary skin cells. Furthermore, Derinat reduced intracellular ROS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and DNA damage in the skin of the BALB/c-nu mice exposed to UVB for seven days in vivo. Importantly, Derinat blocked the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels (TRPCs), as demonstrated by calcium imaging. Together, our results indicate that Derinat acts as a TRPCs blocker to reduce intracellular ROS production and DNA damage upon UVB irradiation. This mechanism provides a potential new application of Derinat for the protection against UVB-induced skin damage and aging.
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Huang GQ, Xiao JX, Jia L, Yang J. Characterization of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan – Gum Arabic Coacervates as a Function of Degree of Substitution. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Preparation and characterization of O-carboxymethyl chitosan–sodium alginate polyelectrolyte complexes. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhang D. Bioinspired assembly of layered double hydroxide/carboxymethyl chitosan bionanocomposite hydrogel films. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1024-1030. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide/carboxymethyl chitosan bionanocomposite hydrogel films with high swelling stability were fabricated by the bioinspired assembly technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
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14
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Active films from water-soluble chitosan/cellulose composites incorporating releasable caffeic acid for inhibition of lipid oxidation in fish oil emulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Reves BT, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO. Fabrication of crosslinked carboxymethylchitosan microspheres and their incorporation into composite scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:630-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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El-Sherbiny IM, Salama A, Sarhan AA. Ionotropically cross-linked pH-sensitive IPN hydrogel matrices as potential carriers for intestine-specific oral delivery of protein drugs. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:121-30. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.495754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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El-Sherbiny IM. Enhanced pH-responsive carrier system based on alginate and chemically modified carboxymethyl chitosan for oral delivery of protein drugs: Preparation and in-vitro assessment. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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El-Sherbiny IM, Abdel-Bary EM, Harding DRK. Preparation andin vitroevaluation of new pH-sensitive hydrogel beads for oral delivery of protein drugs. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liang X, Tian H, Luo H, Wang H, Chang J. Novel quaternized chitosan and polymeric micelles with cross-linked ionic cores for prolonged release of minocycline. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2009; 20:115-31. [PMID: 19105904 DOI: 10.1163/156856208x393536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel multifunctional octadecyl quaternized carboxymethyl chitosans (OQCMCs) with varying degree of quaternary substitution (DS) and molecular mass were prepared and compared with quaternized chitosan. OQCMCs exhibited excellent solubility both in water and organic solvents. Nanoparticles of OQCMCs offered many advantages, such as easier fabrication and modulation of their size and degree of positive charge, and a lower cytotoxic effect compared with PEI (25 kDa). DNA can be successfully adsorbed on its surface. Electrostatic attraction of carboxymethyl and quaternary groups in OQCMCs was utilized as micellar template for the synthesis of cross-linked micelles. Formation and characteristics of OQCMC polymeric micelles were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, tensiometry, SEM, TEM and particle size analysis. Self-assembled OQCMC micelles were evaluated as carrier of the lipophilic drug, minocycline hydrochloride (MH). MH was incorporated into cross-linked ionic cores of micelles with remarkably high efficiency (22.7%, w/w). MH-loaded OQCMC polymeric micelles exhibited a slow steady release profile over a 1-week period at 37 degrees C. The OQCMC micelles are potentially useful for gene and lipophilic drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Institute of Nanobiotechnology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Yamazoe H, Tanabe T. Preparation of water-insoluble albumin film possessing nonadherent surface for cells and ligand binding ability. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:228-34. [PMID: 17975816 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Albumin has the ability to bind to a wide variety of compounds including drugs, and cells as well as proteins do not attach to an albumin-coated surface. These properties of albumin are attractive for biomaterials utilized in biomedical fields. In the present study, we aimed to prepare a water-insoluble albumin film possessing suitable flexibility and native albumin characteristics, such as drug binding ability and resistance to cell adhesion. To confer the film with both water insolubility and flexibility without losing albumin characteristics, we searched a suitable condition for the cross-linking of albumin. As a result, we found that a film having aimed properties could be obtained by conducting the cross-linking reaction at room temperature for 24 h using 215 mM ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. Mouse fibroblast L929 cells did not adhere on thus obtained film in a similar manner to a native albumin-coated surface. In addition, the film could bind 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)-benzoic acid, a representative albumin binding dye, and gradually release it in a pH-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yamazoe
- NanoBio Medical Technology Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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Lee CM, Jeong HJ, Kim DW, Lee KY. Alginate/carboxymethyl scleroglucan hydrogels for controlled release of protein drugs. Macromol Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dai YN, Li P, Zhang JP, Wang AQ, Wei Q. A novel pH sensitiveN-succinyl chitosan/alginate hydrogel bead for nifedipine delivery. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2008; 29:173-84. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schneider HJ, Kato K, Strongin RM. Chemomechanical Polymers as Sensors and Actuators for Biological and Medicinal Applications. SENSORS 2007; 7:1578-1611. [PMID: 19606275 PMCID: PMC3814870 DOI: 10.3390/s7081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the chemical environment can trigger large motions in chemomechanical polymers. The unique feature of such intelligent materials, mostly in the form of hydrogels, is therefore, that they serve as sensors and actuators at the same time, and do not require any measuring devices, transducers or power supplies. Until recently the most often used of these materials responded to changes in pH. Chemists are now increasingly using supramolecular recognition sites in materials, which are covalently bound to the polymer backbone. This allows one to use a nearly unlimited variety of guest (or effector) compounds in the environment for a selective response by automatically triggered size changes. This is illustrated with non-covalent interactions of effectors comprising of metal ions, isomeric organic compounds, including enantiomers, nucleotides, aminoacids, and peptides. Two different effector molecules can induce motions as functions of their concentration, thus representing a logical AND gate. This concept is particularly fruitful with effector compounds such as peptides, which only trigger size changes if, e.g. copper ions are present in the surroundings. Another principle relies on the fast formation of covalent bonds between an effector and the chemomechanical polymer. The most promising application is the selective interaction of covalently fixed boronic acid residues with glucose, which renders itself not only for sensing, but eventually also for delivery of drugs such as insulin. The speed of the responses can significantly increase by increasing the surface to volume ratio of the polymer particles. Of particular interest is the sensitivity increase which can be reached by downsizing the particle volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: ;
| | - Kazuaki Kato
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Advanced Material Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; E-mail:
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: ;
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Lawrie G, Keen I, Drew B, Chandler-Temple A, Rintoul L, Fredericks P, Grøndahl L. Interactions between alginate and chitosan biopolymers characterized using FTIR and XPS. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2533-41. [PMID: 17591747 DOI: 10.1021/bm070014y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) in the form of a film, a precipitate, as well as a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The focus of this study is to fully characterize, using the complementary techniques of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in combination with solution stability evaluation, the interactions between alginate and chitosan in the PECs. In the FTIR spectra, no significant change in the band position of the two carbonyl vibrations from alginate occurs upon interaction with different ionic species. However, protonation of the carboxylate group causes a new band to appear at 1710 cm(-1), as anticipated. Partial protonation of the amine group of chitosan causes the appearance of one new band ( approximately 1530 cm(-1)) due to one of the -NH3+ vibrational modes (the other mode overlaps the amide I band). Importantly, the position of the two main bands in the spectral region of interest in partly protonated chitosan films is not dependent on the extent of protonation. XPS N 1s narrow scans can, however, be used to assess the degree of amine protonation. In our alginate-chitosan film, precipitate, and LbL assembly, the bands observed in the FTIR correspond to the species -COO- and -NH3+, but their position is not different from each of the single components. Thus, the conclusion of the study is that FTIR cannot be used directly to identify the presence of PECs. However, in combination with XPS (survey and narrow N 1s scans) and solution stability evaluation, a more complete description of the structure can be obtained. This conclusion challenges the assignment of FTIR spectra in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Lawrie
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Coviello T, Matricardi P, Marianecci C, Alhaique F. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. J Control Release 2007; 119:5-24. [PMID: 17382422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks, with chemical or physical cross-links, capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids. Among the numerous macromolecules that can be used for hydrogel formation, polysaccharides are extremely advantageous compared to synthetic polymers being widely present in living organisms and often being produced by recombinant DNA techniques. Coming from renewable sources, polysaccharides also have frequently economical advantages over synthetic polymers. Polysaccharides are usually non-toxic, biocompatible and show a number of peculiar physico-chemical properties that make them suitable for different applications in drug delivery systems. We review here a selection of the most important polysaccharides that have been studied and exploited in several fields related to pharmaceutics. Particular attention has been focused on the techniques used for the hydrogel network preparation, on the drug delivery results, on clinical applications as well as on the possible use of such systems as scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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