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Sun B, Shen K, Zhao R, Li Y, Lin J. Clarithromycin attenuates airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice through modulation of Kv1.3 channels and PI3K/Akt signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112624. [PMID: 39002519 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the important pathological feature of airway remodeling in asthma. While macrolides are not commonly used to treat asthma, they have been shown to have protective effects on the airways, in which mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of clarithromycin on airway EMT in asthma and its potential mechanism. The results revealed an increase in Kv1.3 expression in the airways of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, with symptoms and pathological changes being alleviated after treatment with the Kv1.3 inhibitor 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1). Clarithromycin was found to attenuate airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the inhibition of Kv1.3 and PI3K/Akt signaling. Further experiments in vitro confirmed that PAP-1 could mitigate EMT by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling in airway epithelial cells undergoing transformation into mesenchymal cells. These findings confirmed that clarithromycin might have a certain protective effect on asthma-related airway remodeling and represent a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Sun
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlu Shen
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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2
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Assayag M, Obedeyah T, Abutbul A, Berkman N. The integrin receptor beta 7 subunit mediates airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in allergen exposed mice. Respir Res 2024; 25:273. [PMID: 38997751 PMCID: PMC11241790 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast differentiation to a myofibroblast phenotype is a feature of airway remodeling in asthma. Lung fibroblasts express the integrin receptor α4β7 and fibronectin induces myofibroblast differentiation via this receptor. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of the β7 integrin receptor subunit and α4β7 integrin complex in airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of chronic allergen exposure. METHODS C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and β7 integrin null mice (β7 -/-) were sensitized (days 1,10) and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) three times a week for one or 4 weeks. Similar experiments were performed with WT mice in the presence or absence of α4β7 blocking antibodies. Bronchoalveolar (BAL) cell counts, AHR, histological evaluation, soluble collagen content, Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and Interleukin-13 (IL13) were measured. Phenotype of fibroblasts cultured from WT and β7 -/- saline (SAL) and OVA treated mice was evaluated. RESULTS Eosinophil numbers were similar in WT vs β7-/- mice. Prolonged OVA exposure in β7-/- mice was associated with reduced AHR, lung collagen content, peribronchial smooth muscle, lung tissue TGFβ and IL13 expression as compared to WT. Similar findings were observed in WT mice treated with α4β7 blocking antibodies. Fibroblast migration was enhanced in response to OVA in WT but not β7 -/- fibroblasts. α-SMA and fibronectin expression were reduced in β7-/- fibroblasts relative to WT. CONCLUSIONS The β7 integrin subunit and the α4β7 integrin complex modulate AHR and airway remodeling in a murine model of allergen exposure. This effect is, at least in part, explained by inhibition of fibroblast activation and is independent of eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Assayag
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tahrir Obedeyah
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Abutbul
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neville Berkman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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3
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Hernandez-Lara MA, Richard J, Deshpande DA. Diacylglycerol kinase is a keystone regulator of signaling relevant to the pathophysiology of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L3-L18. [PMID: 38742284 PMCID: PMC11380957 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00091.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and immunoreceptors converge at the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) for the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This is a point for second-messenger bifurcation where DAG via protein kinase C (PKC) and IP3 via calcium activate distinct protein targets and regulate cellular functions. IP3 signaling is regulated by multiple calcium influx and efflux proteins involved in calcium homeostasis. A family of lipid kinases belonging to DAG kinases (DGKs) converts DAG to phosphatidic acid (PA), negatively regulating DAG signaling and pathophysiological functions. PA, through a series of biochemical reactions, is recycled to produce new molecules of PIP2. Therefore, DGKs act as a central switch in terminating DAG signaling and resynthesis of membrane phospholipids precursor. Interestingly, calcium and PKC regulate the activation of α and ζ isoforms of DGK that are predominantly expressed in airway and immune cells. Thus, DGK forms a feedback and feedforward control point and plays a crucial role in fine-tuning phospholipid stoichiometry, signaling, and functions. In this review, we discuss the previously underappreciated complex and intriguing DAG/DGK-driven mechanisms in regulating cellular functions associated with asthma, such as contraction and proliferation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and inflammatory activation of immune cells. We highlight the benefits of manipulating DGK activity in mitigating salient features of asthma pathophysiology and shed light on DGK as a molecule of interest for heterogeneous diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Hernandez-Lara
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua Richard
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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4
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Wu J, Wang P, Xie X, Yang X, Tang S, Zhao J, Liu T, Wang J, Zhang J, Xia T, Feng X. Gasdermin D silencing alleviates airway inflammation and remodeling in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:400. [PMID: 38849380 PMCID: PMC11161474 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that pyroptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the pyroptosis executioner. The mechanism of GSDMD in asthma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential role of GSDMD in asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted on airway epithelial tissues obtained from both asthma patients and healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the expression level of N-GSDMD. ELISA was used to measure concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-17A, and IL-10) in serum samples collected from asthma patients and healthy individuals. We demonstrated that N-GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1β were significantly increased in samples with mild asthma compared with those from the controls. Then, wild type and Gsdmd-knockout (Gsdmd-/-) mice were used to establish asthma model. We performed histopathological staining, ELISA, and flow cytometry to explore the function of GSDMD in allergic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling in vivo. We observed that the expression of N-GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1β was enhanced in OVA-induced asthma mouse model. Gsdmd knockout resulted in attenuated IL-18, and IL-1β production in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue in asthmatic mice. In addition, Gsdmd-/- mice exhibit a significant reduction in airway inflammation and remodeling, which might be associated with reduced Th17 inflammatory response and M2 polarization of macrophages. Further, we found that GSDMD knockout may improve asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling through regulating macrophage adhesion, migration, and macrophage M2 polarization by targeting Notch signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that GSDMD deficiency profoundly alleviates allergic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Therefore, GSDMD may serve as a potential therapeutic target against asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangmei Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongliang Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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5
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Varricchi G, Brightling CE, Grainge C, Lambrecht BN, Chanez P. Airway remodelling in asthma and the epithelium: on the edge of a new era. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301619. [PMID: 38609094 PMCID: PMC11024394 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01619-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease of the airways, often characterised by structural changes known collectively as airway remodelling. In response to environmental insults, including pathogens, allergens and pollutants, the epithelium can initiate remodelling via an inflammatory cascade involving a variety of mediators that have downstream effects on both structural and immune cells. These mediators include the epithelial cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, which facilitate airway remodelling through cross-talk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and between mast cells and airway smooth muscle cells, as well as through signalling with immune cells such as macrophages. The epithelium can also initiate airway remodelling independently of inflammation in response to the mechanical stress present during bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic alterations to epithelial components are believed to influence remodelling. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the roles of the epithelium and epithelial cytokines in driving airway remodelling, facilitated by developments in genetic sequencing and imaging techniques. We also explore how new and existing therapeutics that target the epithelium and epithelial cytokines could modify airway remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- G. Varricchi and C.E. Brightling contributed equally
| | - Christopher E. Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- G. Varricchi and C.E. Brightling contributed equally
| | - Christopher Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Center for Inflammation Research, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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6
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Liu S, Liu M, Zhong J, Chen S, Wang Z, Gao X, Li F. Anti-S100A4 antibody administration alleviates bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in asthmatic mice. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20220622. [PMID: 37873538 PMCID: PMC10590613 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We elucidated the effect of S100A4 on airway remodeling by regulating airway inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mouse models of asthma. Asthmatic mouse models were established by sensitization and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Anti-S100A4 antibody or control IgG antibody was administered daily before the OVA challenge. After the last challenge, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness were measured; lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested. Lung tissue sections were stained and evaluated for pathological changes. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA. Levels of S100A4 and EMT markers were determined via western blotting analysis. Human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with 100 mg/mL house dust mites (HDMs) to evaluate the effect of S100A4 downregulation on EMT in vitro. S100A4 was increased in lung tissues and BALF from asthmatic mice. The asthmatic mice presented airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling. After anti-S100A4 antibody administration, pathophysiological signs, including airway hyperresponsiveness and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, were attenuated. Additionally, anti-S100A4 administration downregulated vimentin and α-SMA expression and upregulated E-cadherin expression in OVA-challenged mice. S100A4 downregulation also inhibited EMT process in HDM-stimulated 16HBE cells. Anti-S100A4 antibody administration alters airway remodeling by preventing EMT in mouse models of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jinnan Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China
| | - Fajiu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, No. 168, Hong Kong Road, Jiang’an District, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China
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7
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Fang L, Zhou L, Kulić Ž, Lehner MD, Tamm M, Roth M. EPs ® 7630 Stimulates Tissue Repair Mechanisms and Modifies Tight Junction Protein Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11230. [PMID: 37446408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium repair after infection consists of wound repair, re-synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and tight junction proteins. In humans, EPs® 7630 obtained from Pelargonium sidoides roots reduces the severity and duration of acute respiratory tract infections. The effect of EPs® 7630 on tissue repair of rhinovirus-16 (RV-16) infected and control human airway epithelial cells was assessed for: (i) epithelial cell proliferation by manual cell counts, (ii) epithelial wound repair by "scratch assay", (iii) ECM composition by Western-blotting and cell-based ELISA, and (iv) epithelial tight junction proteins by Western-blotting. EPs® 7630 stimulated cell proliferation through cAMP, CREB, and p38 MAPK. EPs® 7630 significantly improved wound repair. Pro-inflammatory collagen type-I expression was reduced by EPs® 7630, while fibronectin was increased. Virus-binding tight junction proteins desmoglein2, desmocollin2, ZO-1, claudin1, and claudin4 were downregulated by EPs® 7630. The RV16-induced shift of the ECM towards the pro-inflammatory type was prevented by EPs® 7630. Most of the effects of EPs® 7630 on tissue repair and regeneration were sensitive to inhibition of cAMP-induced signaling. The data suggest that EPs® 7630-dependent modification of epithelial cell metabolism and function might underlie the faster recovery time from viral infections, as reported by others in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University and University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Liang Zhou
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University and University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Žarko Kulić
- Preclinical Research and Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, D-76227 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin D Lehner
- Preclinical Research and Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, D-76227 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University and University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University and University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Zheng Z, Li J, Cui Y, Wang W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Ying S, Gao J. IRAK-M Regulates Proliferative and Invasive Phenotypes of Lung Fibroblasts. Inflammation 2023; 46:763-778. [PMID: 36577924 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts play an important role in subepithelial fibrosis, one feature for airway remodeling. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M was shown to involve fibrosis formation in airways and lung through regulation of inflammatory responses. IRAK-M is expressed by lung fibroblasts, whether IRAK-M has direct impact on lung fibroblasts remains unclear. In this investigation, we evaluated in vitro effect of IRAK-M on phenotypes of lung fibroblasts by silencing or overexpressing IRAK-M. Murine lung fibroblasts (MLg) were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM), IL-33, and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1. Techniques of small interfering RNA or expression plasmid were employed to silence or overexpress IRAK-M in MLg fibroblast cells. Proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and fibrosis-related events were evaluated. Significant upregulation of IRAK-M expression in MLg cells was caused by these stimuli. Silencing IRAK-M significantly increased proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of lung fibroblasts regardless of stimulating conditions. By contrast, IRAK-M overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation and motility of MLg lung fibroblasts. IRAK-M overexpression also significantly decreased the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA in MLg cells. Under stimulation with TGFβ1 or IL-33, IRAK-M silencing reduced MMP9 production, while IRAK-M overexpression increased MMP9 production. Modulation of IRAK-M expression affected cytokines production, either decreased or increased expression of TNFα and CXCL10 by the cells regardless of stimulation. Our in vitro data reveal that IRAK-M directly impacts on lung fibroblasts through modulation of cellular motility, release of inflammatory, and fibrotic cytokines of lung fibroblasts. These might suggest a new target by regulation of IRAK-M in slowing airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoude Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Yan Bai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
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9
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Lima C, Falcão MAP, Pinto FJ, Bernardo JTG, Lopes-Ferreira M. The Anti-Inflammatory Peptide TnP Is a Candidate Molecule for Asthma Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:924. [PMID: 36980265 PMCID: PMC10047759 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease, with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accumulation of peribronchial leukocytes is the hallmark of asthma, in particular, eosinophils, which have been reported as the primary cell associated with the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness. Continued exacerbation and accumulation of other leukocytes, such as neutrophils, Th1, and Th17 cells correlate with many of the long-term effects of asthma, such as airway remodeling. We have patented the TnP family of synthetic cyclic peptides, which is in the preclinical phase of developmental studies for chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate whether TnP could show anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of asthma that includes a mixed phenotype of eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation. For this, Balb/c mice, sensitized with OVA and exposed to 1% challenge with OVA aerosol, were submitted to prophylactic treatment, receiving TnP at 0.3 mg/kg orally, 1 h before each challenge. We found that sensitized mice challenged with OVA and treated with TnP showed no airway hyperreactivity or lung remodeling. TnP acts systemically in secondary lymphoid organs and locally in the lung, inhibiting the production of Th2/Th17 cytokines. Furthermore, TnP prevented the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in the BAL and lung tissue, inhibited the production of IgE/IgG1, prevented hyperplasia of mucus-producing cells, and decreased the thickening and deposition of sub-epithelial collagen. Our results showed TnP as a candidate molecule for the treatment of airway remodeling associated with inflammatory diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, Brazil; (M.A.P.F.); (F.J.P.); (J.T.G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
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10
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Yang Q, Miao Q, Chen H, Li D, Luo Y, Chiu J, Wang HJ, Chuvanjyan M, Parmacek MS, Shi W. Myocd regulates airway smooth muscle cell remodeling in response to chronic asthmatic injury. J Pathol 2023; 259:331-341. [PMID: 36484734 PMCID: PMC10107741 DOI: 10.1002/path.6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal growth of airway smooth muscle cells is one of the key features in asthmatic airway remodeling, which is associated with asthma severity. The mechanisms underlying inappropriate airway smooth muscle cell growth in asthma remain largely unknown. Myocd has been reported to act as a key transcriptional coactivator in promoting airway-specific smooth muscle development in fetal lungs. Whether Myocd controls airway smooth muscle remodeling in asthma has not been investigated. Mice with lung mesenchyme-specific deletion of Myocd after lung development were generated, and a chronic asthma model was established by sensitizing and challenging the mice with ovalbumin for a prolonged period. Comparison of the asthmatic pathology between the Myocd knockout mice and the wild-type controls revealed that abrogation of Myocd mitigated airway smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, accompanied by reduced peri-airway inflammation, decreased fibrillar collagen deposition on airway walls, and attenuation of abnormal mucin production in airway epithelial cells. Our study indicates that Myocd is a key transcriptional coactivator involved in asthma airway remodeling. Inhibition of Myocd in asthmatic airways may be an effective approach to breaking the vicious cycle of asthmatic progression, providing a novel strategy in treating severe and persistent asthma. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongfeng Luo
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Chuvanjyan
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Parmacek
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Shen Y, Li L, Chen W, Li Q, Xu Y, He F, Wang C, Tian Z, Chen Y, Yang Y. Apolipoprotein E negatively regulates allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with OVA-induced chronic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109776. [PMID: 36731155 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a corticosteroid-unresponsive gene that negatively regulates ovalbumin (OVA) -induced allergic airway inflammation in mice with acute asthma. However, whether ApoE negatively regulates airway remodeling in mice with OVA-induced chronic asthma remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ApoE on OVA-induced chronic asthma in a murine model. ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA for 10 weeks to establish the chronic asthma model. Compared with WT mice, the results demonstrated that ApoE deficiency exacerbated OVA-induced airway inflammation, including elevated numbers of inflammatory cells in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as increased T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in lung tissue, Th2 cytokines in BALF, and total IgE levels in plasma. Importantly, ApoE deficiency aggravated OVA-induced airway remodeling, as evidenced by higher plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels, airway goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen deposition compared with WT mice. These results revealed that ApoE deficiency aggravates airway remodeling and inflammation in mice with OVA-induced chronic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wushi Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yixuan Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhong Tian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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PLGA-Based Micro/Nanoparticles: An Overview of Their Applications in Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054333. [PMID: 36901762 PMCID: PMC10002081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are critical areas of medical research, as millions of people are affected worldwide. In fact, more than 9 million deaths worldwide were associated with respiratory diseases in 2016, equivalent to 15% of global deaths, and the prevalence is increasing every year as the population ages. Due to inadequate treatment options, the treatments for many respiratory diseases are limited to relieving symptoms rather than curing the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases are urgently needed. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro/nanoparticles (PLGA M/NPs) have good biocompatibility, biodegradability and unique physical and chemical properties, making them one of the most popular and effective drug delivery polymers. In this review, we summarized the synthesis and modification methods of PLGA M/NPs and their applications in the treatment of respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis (CF), etc.) and also discussed the research progress and current research status of PLGA M/NPs in respiratory diseases. It was concluded that PLGA M/NPs are the promising drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of respiratory diseases due to their advantages of low toxicity, high bioavailability, high drug loading capacity, plasticity and modifiability. And at the end, we presented an outlook on future research directions, aiming to provide some new ideas for future research directions and hopefully to promote their widespread application in clinical treatment.
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13
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Shah SD, Nayak AP, Sharma P, Villalba DR, Addya S, Huang W, Shapiro P, Kane MA, Deshpande DA. Targeted Inhibition of Select Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Functions Mitigates Pathological Features of Asthma in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:23-38. [PMID: 36067041 PMCID: PMC9817918 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0110oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) regulate the activity of various transcription factors that contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Although an attractive drug target, broadly inhibiting ERK1/2 is challenging because of unwanted cellular toxicities. We have identified small molecule inhibitors with a benzenesulfonate scaffold that selectively inhibit ERK1/2-mediated activation of AP-1 (activator protein-1). Herein, we describe the findings of targeting ERK1/2-mediated substrate-specific signaling with the small molecule inhibitor SF-3-030 in a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. In 8- to 10-week-old BALB/c mice, allergic asthma was established by repeated intranasal HDM (25 μg/mouse) instillation for 3 weeks (5 days/week). A subgroup of mice was prophylactically dosed with 10 mg/kg SF-3-030/DMSO intranasally 30 minutes before the HDM challenge. Following the dosing schedule, mice were evaluated for alterations in airway mechanics, inflammation, and markers of airway remodeling. SF-3-030 treatment significantly attenuated HDM-induced elevation of distinct inflammatory cell types and cytokine concentrations in BAL and IgE concentrations in the lungs. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue sections revealed diminished HDM-induced pleocellular peribronchial inflammation, mucus cell metaplasia, collagen accumulation, thickening of airway smooth muscle mass, and expression of markers of cell proliferation (Ki-67 and cyclin D1) in mice treated with SF-3-030. Furthermore, SF-3-030 treatment attenuated HDM-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Finally, mechanistic studies using transcriptome and proteome analyses suggest inhibition of HDM-induced genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling by SF-3-030. These preclinical findings demonstrate that function-selective inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling mitigates multiple features of asthma in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut D. Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, and
| | - Ajay P. Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, and
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, and
| | | | - Sankar Addya
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Brasier AR. Innate Immunity, Epithelial Plasticity, and Remodeling in Asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:265-285. [PMID: 37464126 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses (IIR) of the epithelium play a critical role in the initiation and progression of asthma. The core of the IIR is an intracellular signaling pathway activated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to limit the spread of infectious organisms. This chapter will focus on the epithelium as the major innate sentinel cell and its role in acute exacerbations (AEs). Although the pathways of how the IIR activates the NFκB transcription factor, triggering cytokine secretion, dendritic cell activation, and Th2 polarization are well-described, recent exciting work has developed mechanistic insights into how chronic activation of the IIR is linked to mucosal adaptive responses. These adaptations include changes in cell state, now called epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). EMP is a coordinated, genomic response to airway injury disrupting epithelial barrier function, expanding the basal lamina, and producing airway remodeling. EMP is driven by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a transcriptional response producing metabolic shunting of glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to protein N-glycosylation. NFκB signaling and UPR activation pathways potentiate each other in remodeling the basement membrane. Understanding of injury-repair process of epithelium provides new therapeutic targets for precision approaches to the treatment of asthma exacerbations and their sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Brasier
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Promising Therapeutic Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived-Exosome in Asthma. Can Respir J 2022; 2022:1485719. [PMID: 36582191 PMCID: PMC9794440 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1485719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disturbance of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements are involved. Wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or in the early morning, are typical symptoms of asthma. At present, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting β-agonists (LABAs) are standard treatments for regular management. Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) were recommended for controlling asthma exacerbation but only for a short-term treatment because of the side effects on organs. Biologic therapies have achieved exciting and notable effects in clinical treatment but are not applicable for all phenotypes of asthma. At present, some new approaches are under exploration to lessen side effects and improve curative effects. Studies have revealed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) hold various curative effects in asthma and may benefit in the long term with high safety. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in body fluid were characterized as subcomponents of extracellular vesicles and delivered carriers combined with genetic messages in vivo. The therapeutic potential of exosomes has become a research hotspot in many diseases. BMMSC-derived exosomes were considered as the dominant part of BMMSCs in cell-to-cell communications and playing curative effects. Points also hold that BMMSC-Exo could interfere with airway inflammation and airway remolding in asthma via modulating the immune response, regulating gene expression, adjusting the phenotype of macrophage, etc. However, BMMSC-Exo still lacked more clinical trials for evaluating the effects on asthma, and the technology of extraction and purification still needs to be improved for wide use. This review aims to draw the relationship among asthma, BMMSC, and exosome, which may provide innovate ideas for treatment of asthma, and arouse attention about the curative potential of BMMSC-Exo.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the current understanding of the role of wingless/integrase-1 (Wnt) signaling in pediatric allergic asthma and other pediatric lung diseases. RECENT FINDINGS The Wnt signaling pathway is critical for normal lung development. Genetic and epigenetic human studies indicate a link between Wnt signaling and the development and severity of asthma in children. Mechanistic studies using animal models of allergic asthma demonstrate a key role for Wnt signaling in allergic airway inflammation and remodeling. More recently, data on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) pathogenesis points to the Wnt signaling pathway as an important regulator. SUMMARY Current data indicates that the Wnt signaling pathway is an important mediator in allergic asthma and BPD pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to characterize the roles of individual Wnt signals in childhood disease, and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets to slow or prevent disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooralam Rai
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Cheng F, Lu T, Wang Y, Yuan D, Wei Z, Li Y, Li J, Tang R. Expression of airway smooth muscle contractile proteins in children with acute interstitial pneumonia. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:190-197. [PMID: 35527237 PMCID: PMC9482355 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of α-SMA and SM22α in airway smooth muscle (ASM) of bronchioles from children younger than 14 years who died of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). This is based upon the hypothesis that as contractile marker proteins α-SMA and SM22α can serve as an index of the overcontractile phenotype of ASM that is seen in AIP. Lung tissue samples of children were obtained from autopsies and divided into the AIP group (55.9% male and 44.1% female, between 0.4 and 132 months old, n = 34) and the control group (60% male and 40% female, between 2 and 156 months old, n = 10). We recorded the post-mortem interval (PMI), height, clinical symptoms and abdominal fat thickness (AFT) of each case. Haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections were used to examine the luminal area and observe the morphological changes in the bronchioles. Immunohistochemistry and Masson's trichrome staining were used to detect the expression of contractile marker proteins and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis respectively. Compared with the control group, the luminal areas of bronchioles in the AIP group were smaller (p < .001). The expression differences in α-SMA and SM22α between the two groups were statistically significant (p = .01 and p = .02 respectively). Also, there was no significant correlation of the contractile marker proteins expression with PMI, height, clinical symptoms and AFT. The collagen deposition difference in lung between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = .224). These findings suggest that enhancement of ASM contractile function appears to be involved in the death mechanism of children with AIP, which affords more insights into the understanding of AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Didi Yuan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zehong Wei
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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18
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Kan M, Sun M, Jiang X, Diwadkar AR, Parikh V, Cao G, Gebski E, Jester W, Lan B, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White C, Lu Q, Himes BE. CEBPD modulates the airway smooth muscle transcriptomic response to glucocorticoids. Respir Res 2022; 23:193. [PMID: 35902923 PMCID: PMC9331514 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein D (CEBPD), a pleiotropic glucocorticoid-responsive transcription factor, modulates inflammatory responses. Of relevance to asthma, expression of CEBPD in airway smooth muscle (ASM) increases with glucocorticoid exposure. We sought to characterize CEBPD-mediated transcriptomic responses to glucocorticoid exposure in ASM by measuring changes observed after knockdown of CEBPD and its impact on asthma-related ASM function. Methods Primary ASM cells derived from four donors were transfected with CEBPD or non-targeting (NT) siRNA and exposed to vehicle control, budesonide (100 nM, 18 h), TNFα (10 ng/ml, 18 h), or both budesonide and TNFα. Subsequently, RNA-Seq was used to measure gene expression levels, and pairwise differential expression results were obtained for exposures versus vehicle and knockdown versus control conditions. Weighted gene co-expression analysis was performed to identify groups of genes with similar expression patterns across the various experimental conditions (i.e., CEBPD knockdown status, exposures). Results CEBPD knockdown altered expression of 3037 genes under at least one exposure (q-value < 0.05). Co-expression analysis identified sets of 197, 152 and 290 genes that were correlated with CEBPD knockdown status, TNFα exposure status, and both, respectively. JAK-STAT signaling pathway genes, including IL6R and SOCS3, were among those influenced by both TNFα and CEBPD knockdown. Immunoblot assays revealed that budesonide-induced IL-6R protein expression and augmented IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation levels were attenuated by CEBPD knockdown in ASM. Conclusions CEBPD modulates glucocorticoid responses in ASM, in part via modulation of IL-6 receptor signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02119-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Kan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maoyun Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avantika R Diwadkar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vishal Parikh
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Gebski
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William Jester
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bo Lan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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MiR-21 modulates proliferation and apoptosis of human airway smooth muscle cells by regulating autophagy via PARP-1/AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 301:103891. [PMID: 35341975 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Superfluous human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation is an important pathological feature of airway remodelling in asthma. This study aimed to determine whether miR-21 is involved in the regulation of HASM cell survival. Overexpressed miR-21 inhibited HASM cell apoptosis and autophagy and promoted proliferation, whereas a miR-21 inhibitor exerted the opposite effects (P < 0.05). Overexpressed poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of HASM cells (P < 0.05). Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that miR-21 directly targeted poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) mRNA (P < 0.05). Silencing PARP-1 based on miR-21 downregulation mimicked the role of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor (P < 0.05). Overexpressed PARP-1 reversed the effects of miR-21 on HASM cells, somewhat dependently on PARP-1-induced enhanced autophagy, which we elucidated by 3-MA block (P < 0.05). MicroRNA-21 mimics reduced AMPK and increased mTOR signalling by downregulating PARP-1, and a miR-21 inhibitor exerted the opposite effects (P < 0.05). Collectively, miR-21 inhibitor could upregulate PARP-1 in HASM cells to promote autophagy and thus inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis that might be mediated by the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway.
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20
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Joseph C, Tatler AL. Pathobiology of Airway Remodeling in Asthma: The Emerging Role of Integrins. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:595-610. [PMID: 35592385 PMCID: PMC9112045 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s267222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a complex clinical feature of asthma that involves long-term disruption and modification of airway architecture, which contributes significantly to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung function decline. It is characterized by thickening of the airway smooth muscle layer, deposition of a matrix below the airway epithelium, resulting in subepithelial fibrosis, changes within the airway epithelium, leading to disruption of the barrier, and excessive mucous production and angiogenesis within the airway wall. Airway remodeling contributes to stiffer and less compliant airways in asthma and leads to persistent, irreversible airflow obstruction. Current asthma treatments aim to reduce airway inflammation and exacerbations but none are targeted towards airway remodeling. Inhibiting the development of airway remodeling or reversing established remodeling has the potential to dramatically improve symptoms and disease burden in asthmatic patients. Integrins are a family of transmembrane heterodimeric proteins that serve as the primary receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) components, mediating cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions to initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Cells present within the lungs, including structural and inflammatory cells, express a wide and varying range of integrin heterodimer combinations and permutations. Integrins are emerging as an important regulator of inflammation, repair, remodeling, and fibrosis in the lung, particularly in chronic lung diseases such as asthma. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on integrins in the asthmatic airway and how these integrins promote the remodeling process, and emphasize their potential involvement in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- Centre for Respiratory Research, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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21
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Yang IA, Jenkins CR, Salvi SS. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: risk factors, pathogenesis, and implications for prevention and treatment. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:497-511. [PMID: 35427530 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was traditionally thought to be caused by tobacco smoking. However, recognition of the importance of non-smoking-related risk factors for COPD has increased over the past decade, with evidence on the burden, risk factors, and clinical presentations of COPD in never-smokers. About half of all COPD cases worldwide are due to non-tobacco-related risk factors, which vary by geographical region. These factors include air pollution, occupational exposures, poorly controlled asthma, environmental tobacco smoke, infectious diseases, and low socioeconomic status. Impaired lung growth during childhood, caused by a range of early-life exposures, is associated with an increased risk of COPD. Potential mechanisms for the pathogenesis of COPD in never-smokers include inflammation, oxidative stress, airway remodelling, and accelerated lung ageing. Compared with smokers who develop COPD, never-smokers with COPD have relatively mild chronic respiratory symptoms, little or no emphysema, milder airflow limitation, and fewer comorbidities; however, exacerbations can still be frequent. Further research-including epidemiological, translational, clinical, and implementation studies-is needed to address gaps in understanding and to advance potential solutions to reduce the burden of COPD in never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Christine R Jenkins
- Respiratory Group, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sundeep S Salvi
- Pulmocare Research and Education (PURE) Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Faculty of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Qian L, Mehrabi Nasab E, Athari SM, Athari SS. Mitochondria signaling pathways in allergic asthma. J Investig Med 2022; 70:863-882. [PMID: 35168999 PMCID: PMC9016245 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as the powerhouse organelle of cells, are greatly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways, including those related to the innate and acquired immune systems, cellular differentiation, growth, death, apoptosis, and autophagy as well as hypoxic stress responses in various diseases. Asthma is a chronic complicated airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of airway. The asthma mortality and morbidity rates have increased worldwide, so understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma progression is necessary for new anti-asthma drug development. The lung is an oxygen-rich organ, and mitochondria, by sensing and processing O2, contribute to the generation of ROS and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Asthma pathophysiology has been tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced ATP synthase activity, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and abnormal calcium homeostasis. Defects of the mitochondrial play an essential role in the pro-remodeling mechanisms of lung fibrosis and airway cells' apoptosis. Identification of mitochondrial therapeutic targets can help repair mitochondrial biogenesis and dysfunction and reverse related pathological changes and lung structural remodeling in asthma. Therefore, we here overviewed the relationship between mitochondrial signaling pathways and asthma pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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23
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Roth M. Development of the healthy airway smooth muscle bundles: The basis to understand airway wall remodelling. Respirology 2022; 27:482-483. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Department of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
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24
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Nof E, Zidan H, Artzy-Schnirman A, Mouhadeb O, Beckerman M, Bhardwaj S, Elias-Kirma S, Gur D, Beth-Din A, Levenberg S, Korin N, Ordentlich A, Sznitman J. Human Multi-Compartment Airways-on-Chip Platform for Emulating Respiratory Airborne Transmission: From Nose to Pulmonary Acini. Front Physiol 2022; 13:853317. [PMID: 35350687 PMCID: PMC8957966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.853317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous endeavors to deliver novel preclinical in vitro lung models for pulmonary research endpoints, including foremost with the advent of organ- and lung-on-chips. With growing interest in aerosol transmission and infection of respiratory viruses within a host, most notably the SARS-CoV-2 virus amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of crosstalk between the different lung regions (i.e., extra-thoracic, conductive and respiratory), with distinct cellular makeups and physiology, are acknowledged to play an important role in the progression of the disease from the initial onset of infection. In the present Methods article, we designed and fabricated to the best of our knowledge the first multi-compartment human airway-on-chip platform to serve as a preclinical in vitro benchmark underlining regional lung crosstalk for viral infection pathways. Combining microfabrication and 3D printing techniques, our platform mimics key elements of the respiratory system spanning (i) nasal passages that serve as the alleged origin of infections, (ii) the mid-bronchial airway region and (iii) the deep acinar region, distinct with alveolated airways. Crosstalk between the three components was exemplified in various assays. First, viral-load (including SARS-CoV-2) injected into the apical partition of the nasal compartment was detected in distal bronchial and acinar components upon applying physiological airflow across the connected compartment models. Secondly, nebulized viral-like dsRNA, poly I:C aerosols were administered to the nasal apical compartment, transmitted to downstream compartments via respiratory airflows and leading to an elevation in inflammatory cytokine levels secreted by distinct epithelial cells in each respective compartment. Overall, our assays establish an in vitro methodology that supports the hypothesis for viral-laden airflow mediated transmission through the respiratory system cellular landscape. With a keen eye for broader end user applications, we share detailed methodologies for fabricating, assembling, calibrating, and using our multi-compartment platform, including open-source fabrication files. Our platform serves as an early proof-of-concept that can be readily designed and adapted to specific preclinical pulmonary research endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliram Nof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hikaia Zidan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Margarita Beckerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Saurabh Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shani Elias-Kirma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Didi Gur
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Ordentlich
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Sherpa MT, Kiwamoto T, Matsuyama M, Tsunoda Y, Yazaki K, Yoshida K, Nakajima M, Matsuno Y, Morishima Y, Ishii Y, Hizawa N. Has2 Regulates the Development of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Remodeling and Steroid Insensitivity in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:770305. [PMID: 35069543 PMCID: PMC8777110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HAS2 is a member of the gene family encoding the hyaluronan synthase 2, which can generate high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA). Our previous study identified HAS2 as a candidate gene for increased susceptibility to adult asthma. However, whether HAS2 dysfunction affects airway remodeling and steroid insensitivity is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the Has2 dysfunction, triggering severe airway remodeling and steroid insensitivity in a murine model of asthma. Has2 heterozygous-deficient (Has2+/−) mice and their wild-type littermates have been evaluated in a model of chronic ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Mice present a higher sensitivity to OVA and higher IL-17 release as well as eosinophilic infiltration. RNA sequencing demonstrated the downregulation of EIF2 signaling pathways, TGF-β signaling pathways, and heat shock proteins with Th17 bias in Has2+/−-OVA mice. The combined treatment with anti-IL-17A antibody and dexamethasone reduces steroid insensitivity in Has2+/−-OVA mice. Has2 attenuation worsens eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and steroid insensitivity. These data highlight that HAS2 and HMW-HA are important for controlling intractable eosinophilic airway inflammation and remodeling and could potentially be exploited for their therapeutic benefits in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingma Thsering Sherpa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsuyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tsunoda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kai Yazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Qufeng Xuanbi Formula Ameliorates Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Mice by Suppressing Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation through MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1525110. [PMID: 35186095 PMCID: PMC8849894 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1525110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. The Qufeng Xuanbi formula (QFXBF), a Chinese herbal decoction, has shown efficacy in the management of asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of QFXBF in the treatment of asthma both in vitro and in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) proliferation and MTT assays were used to explore the effects of QFXBF on the proliferation of ASMCs. Moreover, 40 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, ovalbumin (OVA) group, high QFXBF group, low QFXBF group, and dexamethasone (DEX) group (n = 8 per group). A mouse allergic asthma model was established using the intranasally administered OVA sensitization method. Morphological changes in the lung tissue were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Finally, the protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MEK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1/2), phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK1/2), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in ASMCs and lung tissue were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining assays. PDGF significantly increased the viability of ASMCs. Compared with mice in the control group, the airway walls and airway smooth muscle of mice in the OVA group were thickened, and the number of inflammatory cells around the bronchus significantly increased. Moreover, the administration of QFXBF markedly inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs and alleviated the pathological changes induced by OVA. Furthermore, the protein expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, PCNA, and α-SMA were significantly increased in OVA-treated mice and PDGF-treated ASMCs. Finally, treatment with QFXBF also significantly decreased the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, α-SMA, and PCNA. QFXBF inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs by suppressing MEK/ERK signaling in PDGF-induced ASMCs and OVA-induced mice.
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27
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Wang R, Wang Y, Liao G, Chen B, Panettieri RA, Penn RB, Tang DD. Abi1 mediates airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and airway remodeling via Jak2/STAT3 signaling. iScience 2022; 25:103833. [PMID: 35198891 PMCID: PMC8851273 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex pulmonary disorder with multiple pathological mechanisms. A key pathological feature of chronic asthma is airway remodeling, which is largely attributed to airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia that contributes to thickening of the airway wall and further drives asthma pathology. The cellular processes that mediate ASM cell proliferation are not completely elucidated. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate that the adapter protein Abi1 (Abelson interactor 1) is upregulated in ∼50% of ASM cell cultures derived from patients with asthma. Loss-of-function studies demonstrate that Abi1 regulates the activation of Jak2 (Janus kinase 2) and STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) as well as the proliferation of both nonasthmatic and asthmatic human ASM cell cultures. These findings identify Abi1 as a molecular switch that activates Jak2 kinase and STAT3 in ASM cells and demonstrate that a dysfunctional Abi1-associated pathway contributes to the progression of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Bohao Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dale D. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Kim S, Choi S, Kim T, Jin KN, Cho SH, Lee CH, Kang HR. Phenotypic clusters on computed tomography reflects asthma heterogeneity and severity. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100628. [PMID: 36091187 PMCID: PMC9419448 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory airway disorder with various phenotypes. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) methods can differentiate among lung diseases through accurate assessment of the location, extent, and severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to identify asthma clusters using QCT metrics of airway and parenchymal structure, and to identify associations with visual analyses conducted by radiologists. Methods This prospective study used input from QCT-based metrics including hydraulic diameter (Dh), luminal wall thickness (WT), functional small airway disease (fSAD), and emphysematous lung (Emph) to perform a cluster analysis and made comparisons with the visual grouping analysis conducted by radiologists based on site of airway involvement and remodeling evaluated. Results A total of 61 asthmatics of varying severities were grouped into 4 clusters. From C1 to C4, more severe lung function deterioration, higher fixed obstruction rate, and more frequent asthma exacerbations were observed in the 5-year follow-up period. C1 presented non-severe asthma with increased WT, Dh of proximal airways, and fSAD. C2 was mixed with non-severe and severe asthmatics, and showed bronchodilator responses limited to the proximal airways. C3 and C4 included severe asthmatics that showed a reduced Dh of the proximal airway and diminished bronchodilator responses. While C3 was characterized by severe allergic asthma without fSAD, C4 included ex-smokers with high fSAD% and Emph%. These clusters correlated well with the grouping done by radiologists and clinical outcomes. Conclusions Four QCT imaging-based clusters with distinct structural and functional changes in proximal and small airways can stratify heterogeneous asthmatics and can be a complementary tool to predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sanghun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang Nam Jin
- Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author. Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author. Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea,
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Zhang C, Gao J, Zhu S. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells through miRNA-103-mediated signaling pathway under hypoxia. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:944-952. [PMID: 34888746 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activated during asthma development plays a causative role in the abnormal proliferation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and consequential airway remodeling. Although the underlying mechanisms of HIF-1α activity have not been fully revealed, HIF-1α-regulated miRNA signaling is considered important for disrupted differentiation and proliferation of local cells in various tissues under inflammation. We aimed to identify the key miRNA signaling involved in HIF-1α regulation of the proliferation of ASM cells. This study was based on primary ASM cells isolated from adult male rats. Three percent O2 and 21% O2 were set as hypoxic and normoxic condition for ASM cell treatment, respectively. Knockdown of HIF-1α was performed through transfection of pSUPER-shHIF-1α plasmid. Overexpression and knockdown of miRNA-103 were performed through transfection of miRNA-103 mimic or inhibitor, respectively. Levels of HIF-1α, PTEN, and PCNA were determined with Western blot and RT-qPCR. Hypoxia increased HIF-1α and miRNA-103 expression and proliferation in ASM cells. Knockdown of HIF-1α suppressed hypoxia-induced upregulation of proliferation and miRNA-103 expression in ASM cells. Knockdown of miRNA-103 displayed similar effects as knockdown of HIF-1α in ASM cells under hypoxia, while overexpression of miRNA-103 played the opposite role. Additionally, increased or decreased expression of PTEN was also detected when HIF-1α/miRNA-103 was knocked down under hypoxia or miRNA-103 was overexpressed under normoxia, respectively. Our results suggest that HIF-1α promotes the proliferation of ASM cells via upregulating miRNA-103 expression under hypoxia, and PTEN is involved in the miRNA-103-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cantang Zhang
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 89 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyang Zhu
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 89 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
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Fang L, Roth M. Airway Wall Remodeling in Childhood Asthma-A Personalized Perspective from Cell Type-Specific Biology. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111229. [PMID: 34834581 PMCID: PMC8625708 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway wall remodeling is a pathology occurring in chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In 2017, the American Thoracic Society released a research statement highlighting the gaps in knowledge and understanding of airway wall remodeling. The four major challenges addressed in this statement were: (i) the lack of consensus to define “airway wall remodeling” in different diseases, (ii) methodologic limitations and inappropriate models, (iii) the lack of anti-remodeling therapies, and (iv) the difficulty to define endpoints and outcomes in relevant studies. This review focuses on the importance of cell-cell interaction, especially the bronchial epithelium, in asthma-associated airway wall remodeling. The pathology of “airway wall remodeling” summarizes all structural changes of the airway wall without differentiating between different pheno- or endo-types of asthma. Indicators of airway wall remodeling have been reported in childhood asthma in the absence of any sign of inflammation; thus, the initiation event remains unknown. Recent studies have implied that the interaction between the epithelium with immune cells and sub-epithelial mesenchymal cells is modified in asthma by a yet unknown epigenetic mechanism during early childhood.
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31
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D'Annunzio G, Gobbo F, Avallone G, Bacci B, Sabattini S, Sarli G. Airway Remodeling in Feline Lungs. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 46:100587. [PMID: 34624551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling encompass structural changes that occur as the result of chronic injury and lead to persistently altered airway structure and function. Although this process is known in several human respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airway remodeling is poorly characterized in the feline counterpart. In this study, we describe the spontaneous pulmonary changes in 3 cats paralleling the airway remodeling reported in humans. We observed airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) hyperplasia (peribronchial and interstitial), airway subepithelial and interstitial fibrosis, and vascular remodeling by increased number of vessels in the bronchial submucosa. The hyperplastic ASMCs co-expressed α-SMA, vimentin and desmin suggesting that vimentin, which is not normally expressed by ASMCs, may play a role in airway thickening, and remodeling. ASMCs had strong cytoplasmic expression of TGFβ-1, which is known to contribute to tissue remodeling in asthma and in various bronchial and interstitial lung diseases, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of ASMCs hyperplasia. Our findings provide histologic evidence of airway remodeling in cats. Further studies on larger caseloads are needed to support our conclusions on the value of this feline condition as an animal model for nonspecific airway remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Annunzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Bucchieri S, Alfano P, Audino P, Cibella F, Fazio G, Marcantonio S, Cuttitta G. Lung Function Decline in Adult Asthmatics-A 10-Year Follow-Up Retrospective and Prospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091637. [PMID: 34573977 PMCID: PMC8466239 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma may have an impact on lung function decline but conflicting results are reported in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline. We aimed to describe the changes in FEV1 in lifelong non-smoking adult asthmatic outpatients during a 10-year follow-up comparing years 1–5 (1st period) with years 6–10 (2nd period) to assess factors affecting these changes. A total of 100 outpatients performed spirometry every 3 months during a 10-year survey. FEV1/Ht3 slope values of the 2nd period reduced significantly respect to the 1st period (p < 0.0001). FEV1 slopes of years 1–5 and 6–10 were inversely associated with FEV1 at enrolment (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, respectively). Reversibility and variability FEV1 showed a significant effect on the 1st period slopes (p = 0.01 and p < 0.04, respectively). Frequent exacerbators in the 1st year had steeper FEV1/Ht3 slopes in the 1st period (p = 0.01). The number of subjects using higher doses of ICS was significantly lower at the 10th years respect to the 5th and the 1st year (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). This study shows that FEV1 decline in treated adult asthmatics non-smokers, over 10-year follow-up, is not constant. In particular, it slows down over time, and is influenced by FEV1 at enrolment, reversibility, variability FEV1 and exacerbation score in the 1st year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bucchieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via U.La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.B.); (P.A.); (P.A.); (F.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Pietro Alfano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via U.La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.B.); (P.A.); (P.A.); (F.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Palma Audino
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via U.La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.B.); (P.A.); (P.A.); (F.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via U.La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.B.); (P.A.); (P.A.); (F.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Fazio
- Triolo Zanca Clinic, Piazza Fonderia, 23, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Marcantonio
- Quality, Planning and Strategic Support Area, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina, 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Cuttitta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via U.La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.B.); (P.A.); (P.A.); (F.C.); (G.C.)
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Artzy-Schnirman A, Arber Raviv S, Doppelt Flikshtain O, Shklover J, Korin N, Gross A, Mizrahi B, Schroeder A, Sznitman J. Advanced human-relevant in vitro pulmonary platforms for respiratory therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113901. [PMID: 34331989 PMCID: PMC7611797 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, advanced in vitro pulmonary platforms have witnessed exciting developments that are pushing beyond traditional preclinical cell culture methods. Here, we discuss ongoing efforts in bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro interfaces and identify some of the bioengineering challenges that lie ahead in delivering new generations of human-relevant in vitro pulmonary platforms. Notably, in vitro strategies using foremost lung-on-chips and biocompatible "soft" membranes have focused on platforms that emphasize phenotypical endpoints recapitulating key physiological and cellular functions. We review some of the most recent in vitro studies underlining seminal therapeutic screens and translational applications and open our discussion to promising avenues of pulmonary therapeutic exploration focusing on liposomes. Undeniably, there still remains a recognized trade-off between the physiological and biological complexity of these in vitro lung models and their ability to deliver assays with throughput capabilities. The upcoming years are thus anticipated to see further developments in broadening the applicability of such in vitro systems and accelerating therapeutic exploration for drug discovery and translational medicine in treating respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Sivan Arber Raviv
- Department of Chemical, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jeny Shklover
- Department of Chemical, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Gross
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz Mizrahi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Department of Chemical, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.
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TSLP-induced collagen type-I synthesis through STAT3 and PRMT1 is sensitive to calcitriol in human lung fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119083. [PMID: 34147561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway wall remodeling, a main pathology of asthma was linked to vitamin-D deficiency and protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) expression in sub-epithelial cell layers. Calcitriol reduced remodeling in asthma model, but its mode of action is unclear. This study assessed the effect of calcitriol on PRMT1-dependent fibroblast remodeling in human lung fibroblasts, and allergen-induced asthma in E3-rats. Fibroblasts were activated with thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TLSP); asthma was induced by ovalbumin inhalation in rats. The airway structure was assessed by immunohistology. Protein expression in fibroblasts and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases were detected by Western-blotting. Transcription factor activation was determined by luciferase reporter assay. PRMT1 action was blocked by siRNA and PRMT-inhibition. Ovalbumin upregulated the expression of TSLP, PRMT1, matrix metallopro-teinase-1 (MMP1), interleukin-25, and collagen type-I in sub-epithelial fibroblasts. In isolated fibroblasts, TSLP induced the same proteins, which were blocked by inhibition of Erk1/2 and p38. TLSP induced PRMT1 through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. PRMT1 inhibition reduced collagen type-I expression and suppressed MMP1. In fibroblasts, calcitriol supplementation over 12 days prevented TSLP-induced remodeling by blocking the PRMT1 levels. Interestingly, short-term calcitriol treatment had no such effect. The data support the beneficial role of calcitriol in asthma therapy.
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Górka K, Gross-Sondej I, Górka J, Stachura T, Polok K, Celejewska-Wójcik N, Mikrut S, Andrychiewicz A, Sładek K, Soja J. Assessment of Airway Remodeling Using Endobronchial Ultrasound in Asthma-COPD Overlap. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:663-674. [PMID: 34163179 PMCID: PMC8214023 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s306421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural changes of the airways using the endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in ACO patients compared to severe asthma and COPD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 17 patients with ACO, 17 patients with COPD and 33 patients with severe asthma. Detailed clinical data were obtained from all participants. Basic laboratory tests were performed, including measurement of eosinophil counts in blood and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations. All patients underwent spirometry and bronchoscopy with EBUS (a 20‑MHz ultrasound probe) to measure the total thicknesses of the bronchial walls and their particular layers in segmental bronchi of the right lower lobe. EBUS allows to distinguish five layers of the bronchial wall. Layer 1 (L1) and layer 2 (L2) were analyzed separately, while the outer layers (layers 3-5 [L3-5]) that correspond to cartilage were assessed together. RESULTS In patients with ACO the thicknesses of the L1 and L2 layers, which are mainly responsible for remodeling, were significantly greater than in patients with COPD and significantly smaller than in patients with severe asthma (median L1= 0.17 mm vs 0.16 mm vs 0.18 mm, p<0.001; median L2= 0.18 mm vs 0.17 mm vs 0.20 mm, p<0.001, respectively). The thicknesses of the total bronchial walls (L1+L2+L3-5) and L3-5 were significantly smaller in ACO and COPD patients compared to asthma patients (median L1+L2+L3-5= 1.2 mm vs 1.14 mm vs 1.31 mm, p<0.001; median L3-5= 0.85 mm vs, 0.81 mm vs 0.92 mm, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The process of structural changes in the airways assessed by EBUS is more advanced in individuals with ACO compared to patients with COPD, and less pronounced compared to patients with severe asthma. It seems that EBUS may provide useful information about differences in airway remodeling between ACO, COPD and severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Górka
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Gross-Sondej
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Górka
- Centre for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stachura
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Polok
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Celejewska-Wójcik
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mikrut
- Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Sładek
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Soja
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Xing Q, You Y, Zhao X, Ji J, Yan H, Dong Y, Ren L, Ding Y, Hou S. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Reveals Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao Decoction Alleviates Airway Remodeling via Reducing Extracellular Matrix Deposition in a Murine Model of Chronic Remission Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:588588. [PMID: 34194321 PMCID: PMC8237094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.588588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a primary pathological feature of asthma. The current therapy for asthma mainly targets reducing inflammation but not particularly airway remodeling. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop alternative and more effective therapies to attenuate remodeling. Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao Decoction (GBFXD) has been used to effectively and safely treat asthma for decades. In this study, GBFXD regulated airway inflammation, collagen deposition, and the molecules relevant to airway remodeling such as Vimentin, α-SMA, hydroxyproline, and E-cadherin in chronic remission asthma (CRA) murine model. Proteomic analysis indicated that the overlapping differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (Model/Control and GBFXD/Model) were mainly collagens and laminins, which were extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In addition, the KEGG analysis showed that GBFXD could regulate pathways related to airway remodeling including ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesion, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which were the top three significantly enriched pathways containing the most DEPs for both Model/Control and GBFXD/Model. Further validation research showed that GBFXD regulated reticulon-4 (RTN4) and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway to alleviate ECM proteins deposition. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GBFXD possibly regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway via RTN4 to improve airway remodeling, which provides a new insight into the molecular mechanism of GBFXD for the treatment of CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yannan You
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingmei Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishun Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuting Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
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Sadeghdoust M, Mirsadraee M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Khakzad MR, Hashemi Attar A, Naghibi S. Effect of azithromycin on bronchial wall thickness in severe persistent asthma: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Respir Med 2021; 185:106494. [PMID: 34116330 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin reduced airway remodeling in animal models of asthma. However, its effect on human subjects has not been studied yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term treatment with azithromycin on airways wall thickness in patients with severe persistent asthma. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, patients with severe persistent asthma received azithromycin (250 mg, BID, three days a week), prednisolone (5 mg, BID), or placebo for eight months in three separate groups in addition to the standard therapy. The improvement in right upper lobe apical segmental bronchus (RB1) wall thickness obtained by high resolution computed tomography was set as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included: cough severity, dyspnea severity, asthma control test (ACT) score, asthma exacerbation rate, pulmonary function tests, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO). RESULTS Seventy-eight out of ninety randomized subjects completed eight months of treatment with azithromycin (n = 25), prednisolone (n = 27), or placebo (n = 26). Bronchial wall thickness percentage did not change significantly in any of the groups. However, the inner radius and lumen area of azithromycin and prednisolone-treated subjects increased significantly (p < 0.05 for both). Azithromycin also significantly improved the dyspnea severity, ACT score, FENO, and FEV1, FEF25-75, and FEV1/FVC (p < 0.05 for all). Cough severity or asthma exacerbation rate did not change significantly after eight months of treatment with azithromycin. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with azithromycin increased lumen radius and lumen area in patients with severe persistent asthma. However, there was no significant change in wall thickness in any of the treatment groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT.com (IRCT20091111002695N8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Majid Mirsadraee
- Internist and Pulmonologist, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Islamic Azad University- Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Khakzad
- Innovative Medical Research Center and Department of Immunology, Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Saeed Naghibi
- Department of Radiology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
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Camoretti-Mercado B, Lockey RF. Airway smooth muscle pathophysiology in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1983-1995. [PMID: 34092351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell plays a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma and constitutes an important target for treatment. These cells control muscle tone and thus regulate the opening of the airway lumen and air passage. Evidence indicates that ASM cells participate in the airway hyperresponsiveness as well as the inflammatory and remodeling processes observed in asthmatic subjects. Therapeutic approaches require a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the ASM in both the normal and disease states. This review updates current knowledge about ASM and its effects on airway narrowing, remodeling, and inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Camoretti-Mercado
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
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Mann M, Brasier AR. Evolution of proteomics technologies for understanding respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:379-394. [PMID: 34018899 PMCID: PMC8277732 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1931130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major human pathogen associated with long term morbidity. RSV replication occurs primarily in the epithelium, producing a complex cellular response associated with acute inflammation and long-lived changes in pulmonary function and allergic disease. Proteomics approaches provide important insights into post-transcriptional regulatory processes including alterations in cellular complexes regulating the coordinated innate response and epigenome.Areas covered: Peer-reviewed proteomics studies of host responses to RSV infections and proteomics techniques were analyzed. Methodologies identified include 1)." bottom-up" discovery proteomics, 2). Organellar proteomics by LC-gel fractionation; 3). Dynamic changes in protein interaction networks by LC-MS; and 4). selective reaction monitoring MS. We introduce recent developments in single-cell proteomics, top-down mass spectrometry, and photo-cleavable surfactant chemistries that will have impact on understanding how RSV induces extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and airway remodeling.Expert opinion: RSV replication induces global changes in the cellular proteome, dynamic shifts in nuclear proteins, and remodeling of epigenetic regulatory complexes linked to the innate response. Pathways discovered by proteomics technologies have led to deeper mechanistic understanding of the roles of heat shock proteins, redox response, transcriptional elongation complex remodeling and ECM secretion remodeling in host responses to RSV infections and pathological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Mann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Fang L, Li J, Papakonstantinou E, Karakioulaki M, Sun Q, Schumann D, Tamm M, Stolz D, Roth M. Secreted heat shock proteins control airway remodeling: Evidence from bronchial thermoplasty. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1249-1261.e8. [PMID: 33675818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased airway smooth muscle mass is a key pathology in asthma. Bronchial thermoplasty is a treatment for severe asthma based on selective heating of the airways that aims to reduce the mass of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and thereby bronchoconstriction. However, short heat exposure is insufficient to explain the long-lasting effect, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been suggested to play a role. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of HSP70 and HSP90 in the control of airway wall remodeling by bronchial thermoplasty. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and endobronchial biopsies of 20 patients with severe asthma were obtained before and after thermoplasty. Isolated epithelial cells and ASMCs were exposed to 65oC for 10 seconds, mimicking thermoplasty. Proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA; proliferation by cell counts and antigen Ki67 (MKI67) expression. RESULTS Thermoplasty significantly increased the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in the epithelium and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In ASMCs, thermoplasty reduced both HSPs. These cell-type-specific effects were detectable even 1 month after thermoplasty in tissue sections. In epithelial cells, ex vivo exposure to heat (65oC, 10 seconds) increased the expression and secretion of HSP70 and HSP90. In addition, epithelial cell proliferation was upregulated by heat or treatment with human recombinant HSP70 or HSP90. In ASMCs, heat exposure or exogenous HSPs reduced proliferation and differentiation. In both cell types, HSP70 and HSP90 activated the signaling cascade of serine/threonine-protein kinase →mammalian target of rapamycin→ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β→protein arginine methyltransferase 1→ mitochondria activity. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial cell-derived HSP70 and HSP90 improve the function of epithelial cells, but block ASMC remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Junling Li
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; The affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meropi Karakioulaki
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Desiree Schumann
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Schiliro M, Bartman CM, Pabelick C. Understanding hydrogen sulfide signaling in neonatal airway disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:351-372. [PMID: 33086886 PMCID: PMC10599633 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1840981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Airway dysfunction leading to chronic lung disease is a common consequence of premature birth and mechanisms responsible for early and progressive airway remodeling are not completely understood. Current therapeutic options are only partially effective in reducing the burden of neonatal airway disease and premature decline of lung function. Gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently recognized for its therapeutic potential in lung diseases. AREAS COVERED Contradictory to its well-known toxicity at high concentrations, H2S has been characterized to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties at physiological concentrations. In the respiratory system, endogenous H2S production participates in late lung development and exogenous H2S administration has a protective role in a variety of diseases such as acute lung injury and chronic pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis. Literature searches performed using NCBI PubMed without publication date limitations were used to construct this review, which highlights the dichotomous role of H2S in the lung, and explores its promising beneficial effects in lung diseases. EXPERT OPINION The emerging role of H2S in pathways involved in chronic lung disease of prematurity along with its recent use in animal models of BPD highlight H2S as a potential novel candidate in protecting lung function following preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Schiliro
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Christina Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a central role in regulating the functions of a diverse range of cell types in the airway. Taste 2 receptor (T2R) family of GPCRs is responsible for the transduction of bitter taste; however, recent studies have demonstrated that different subtypes of T2Rs and key components of T2R signaling are expressed in several extra-oral tissues including airways with many physiological roles. In the lung, expression of T2Rs has been confirmed in multiple airway cell types including airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, various epithelial cell subtypes, and on both resident and migratory immune cells. Most importantly, activation of T2Rs with a variety of putative agonists elicits unique signaling in ASM and specialized airway epithelial cells resulting in the inhibition of ASM contraction and proliferation, promotion of ciliary motility, and innate immune response in chemosensory airway epithelial cells. Here we discuss the expression of T2Rs and the mechanistic basis of their function in the structural cells of the airways with some useful insights on immune cells in the context of allergic asthma and other upper airway inflammatory disorders. Emphasis on T2R biology and pharmacology in airway cells has an ulterior goal of exploiting T2Rs for therapeutic benefit in obstructive airway diseases.
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Boyman O, Caramori G, Cari L, Fan Chung K, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Kolios A, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Van Esch B, Stellato C. Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases-An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO). Allergy 2021; 76:90-113. [PMID: 32593226 DOI: 10.1111/all.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell-based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell-based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell-based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edward F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Van Esch
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Fang L, Roth M, S'ng CT, Tamm M, Han B, Hoang BX. Zinc salicylate reduces airway smooth muscle cells remodelling by blocking mTOR and activating p21 (Waf1/Cip1). J Nutr Biochem 2020; 89:108563. [PMID: 33326841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling of the airways. Remodeling is resistant to pharmaceutical therapies. This study investigated the effect of zinc salicylate-methylsulfonylmethane (Zn-Sal-MSM) compared to zinc salicylate (Zn-Sal), or sodium salicylate (Na-Sal), or zinc chloride (ZnCl2) on remodeling parameters of human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Human ASMC obtained from asthma patients (n=7) and non-asthma controls (n=7) were treated with one of the reagents. Cell proliferation and viability was determined by direct cell counts and MTT assay. The expression of and phosphorylation proteins was determined by Western-blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and mass spectrometry. Extracellular matrix deposition by ELISA. Zn-Sal-MSM, Zn-Sal and Na-Sal (0.1-100 µg/mL) significantly reduced PDGF-BB-induced proliferation in a concentration dependent manner, while ZnCl2 was toxic. The reduced proliferation correlated with increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1), and reduced activity of Akt, p70S6K, and Erk1/2. Zn-Sal-MSM, Zn-Sal, but not Na-Sal reduced the deposition of fibronectin and collagen type-I. Furthermore, Zn-Sal-MSM reduced the mitochondria specific COX4 expression. Mass spectrometry indicated that Zn-Sal-MSM modified the expression of several signaling proteins and zinc-dependent enzymes. In conclusion, Zn-Sal-MSM and Zn-Sal potentially prevent airway wall remodeling in asthma by inhibition of both the Erk1/2 and mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research/Pneumology, Department of Biomedicine/Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research/Pneumology, Department of Biomedicine/Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research/Pneumology, Department of Biomedicine/Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bo Han
- Cordoba-Nimni Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ba Xuan Hoang
- Cordoba-Nimni Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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46
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Orban NT, Jacobson MR, Nouri-Aria KT, Durham SR, Eifan AO. Repetitive nasal allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis: Priming and Th2-type inflammation but no evidence of remodelling. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 51:329-338. [PMID: 33141493 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local tissue eosinophilia and Th2 cytokines are characteristic features of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Airway remodelling is a feature of asthma whereas evidence for remodelling in allergic rhinitis (AR) is conflicting. OBJECTIVE By use of a novel human repetitive nasal allergen challenge (RAC) model, we evaluated the relationship between allergic inflammation and features of remodelling in AR. METHODS Twelve patients with moderate-severe AR underwent 5 alternate day challenges with diluent which after 4 weeks were followed by 5 alternate day challenges with grass pollen extract. Nasal symptoms, Th1/Th2 cytokines in nasal secretion and serum were evaluated. Nasal biopsies were taken 24 hours after the 1st and 5th challenges with diluent and with allergen. Sixteen healthy controls underwent a single challenge with diluent and with allergen. Using immunohistochemistry, epithelial and submucosal inflammatory cells and remodelling markers were evaluated by computed image analysis. RESULTS There was an increase in early and late-phase symptoms after every allergen challenge compared to diluent (both P < .05) with evidence of both clinical and immunological priming. Nasal tissue eosinophils and IL-5 in nasal secretion increased significantly after RAC compared to corresponding diluent challenges (P < .01, P = .01, respectively). There was a correlation between submucosal mast cells and the early-phase clinical response (r = 0.79, P = .007) and an association between epithelial eosinophils and IL-5 concentrations in nasal secretion (r = 0.69, P = .06) in allergic rhinitis. No differences were observed after RAC with regard to epithelial integrity, reticular basement membrane thickness, glandular area, expression of markers of activation of airway remodelling including α-SMA, HSP-47, extracellular matrix (MMP7, 9 and TIMP-1), angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis for AR compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION Novel repetitive nasal allergen challenge in participants with severe persistent seasonal allergic rhinitis resulted in tissue eosinophilia and increases in IL-5 but no structural changes. Our data support no link between robust Th2-inflammation and development of airway remodelling in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara T Orban
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mikila R Jacobson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kayhan T Nouri-Aria
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aarif O Eifan
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
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47
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Bidirectional interaction of airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1063-1079. [PMID: 32369100 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has long been viewed predominately as an inflammatory condition. Accordingly, current therapeutic interventions focus primarily on resolving inflammation. However, the mainstay of asthma therapy neither fully improves lung function nor prevents disease exacerbations, suggesting involvement of other factors. An emerging concept now holds that airway remodeling, another major pathological feature of asthma, is as important as inflammation in asthma pathogenesis. Structural changes associated with asthma include disrupted epithelial integrity, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and enhanced vascularity. These alterations are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway obstruction, airflow limitation, and progressive decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals. Consequently, targeting inflammation alone does not suffice to provide optimal clinical benefits. Here we review asthmatic airway remodeling, focusing on airway epithelium, which is critical to maintaining a healthy respiratory system, and is the primary defense against inhaled irritants. In asthma, airway epithelium is both a mediator and target of inflammation, manifesting remodeling and resulting obstruction among its downstream effects. We also highlight the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting airway structural alterations. Since pathological tissue remodeling is likewise observed in other injury- and inflammation-prone tissues and organs, our discussion may have implications beyond asthma and lung disease.
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48
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Zhang J, Dong L. Status and prospects: personalized treatment and biomarker for airway remodeling in asthma. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:6090-6101. [PMID: 33209441 PMCID: PMC7656354 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling, as a major characteristic of bronchial asthma, is critical to the progression of this disease, whereas it is of less importance in clinical management. Complying with the current stepwise treatment standard for asthma, the choice of intervention on the clinical status is primarily determined by the patient’s treatment response to airway inflammation. However, a considerable number of asthmatic patients, especially severe asthmatic subjects, remain uncontrolled though they have undergone fortified anti-inflammation treatment. In the past few years, a growing number of biologics specific to asthma phenotypes have emerged, bringing new hope for patients with refractory asthma and severe asthma. While at the same time, the effect of airway remodeling on asthma treatment has become progressively prominent. In the era of personalized treatment, it has become one of the development directions for asthma treatment to find reliable airway remodeling biomarkers to assist in asthma phenotypes classification, and to further combine multiple phenotypes to accurately treat patients. In the present study, the research status of airway remodeling in asthma is reviewed to show the basis for classifying and treating such disease. Besides, several selected airway remodeling biomarkers and possibility to use them in individual treatment are discussed as well. This study considers that continuously optimized mechanisms and emerging biomarkers for airway remodeling in the future may further support individual therapy for asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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49
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Saglani S, Wisnivesky JP, Charokopos A, Pascoe CD, Halayko AJ, Custovic A. Update in Asthma 2019. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:184-192. [PMID: 32338992 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0596up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Antonios Charokopos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Bartman CM, Schiliro M, Helan M, Prakash YS, Linden D, Pabelick C. Hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and calcium regulation in developing human airway smooth muscle. FASEB J 2020; 34:12991-13004. [PMID: 32777143 PMCID: PMC7857779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001180r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants can develop airway hyperreactivity and impaired bronchodilation following supplemental O2 (hyperoxia) in early life, making it important to understand mechanisms of hyperoxia effects. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory effects with oxidative stress. There is little understanding of H2 S signaling in developing airways. We hypothesized that the endogenous H2 S system is detrimentally influenced by O2 and conversely H2 S signaling pathways can be leveraged to attenuate deleterious effects of O2 . Using human fetal airway smooth muscle (fASM) cells, we investigated baseline expression of endogenous H2 S machinery, and effects of exogenous H2 S donors NaHS and GYY4137 in the context of moderate hyperoxia, with intracellular calcium regulation as a readout of contractility. Biochemical pathways for endogenous H2 S generation and catabolism are present in fASM, and are differentially sensitive to O2 toward overall reduction in H2 S levels. H2 S donors have downstream effects of reducing [Ca2+ ]i responses to bronchoconstrictor agonist via blunted plasma membrane Ca2+ influx: effects blocked by O2 . However, such detrimental O2 effects are targetable by exogenous H2 S donors such as NaHS and GYY4137. These data provide novel information regarding the potential for H2 S to act as a bronchodilator in developing airways in the context of oxygen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Schiliro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martin Helan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christina Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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