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Kumar V, Joshi M, Vats A, Kumar LK, Verma SK, Neeraj, Baithalu RK, Veerappa VG, Singh D, Onteru SK. Mucin and salt combination simulate typical fern-like pattern of buffalo saliva smear at estrus. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1753-1765. [PMID: 38504429 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Estrus detection in buffaloes primarily relies on behavioral and physiological signs. Especially during summer, these signs are less prominent to recognize. Thus, estrus detection is a pronounced challenge within the realm of buffalo husbandry, particularly in the summer. Therefore, a simple and accurate estrus detection method is required for buffalo farmers. The observation of fern-like salivary crystallization patterns is one such simple method to detect estrus in buffaloes, bactrian camels, beagle bitches, and cows. However, the exact mechanism for the formation of typical fern-like is not known. We hypothesized that it might be because of the estrus-specific mucins and salts. To test this hypothesis, we prepared the smears by combining different concentrations of mucin type -2 (MUC2) and -3 (MUC3) with sodium chloride (NaCl). Microscopic examination confirmed that fern-like patterns resulted from a combination of the MUC3 and NaCl produced more realistic fern patterns than that of MUC2 or BSA with salt. To predict possible mucin and salt concentration showing natural fern-like patterns at the estrus stage in buffalo saliva, we constructed a guide tree of artificially generated fern-like patterns using an image analysis online tool. This computation analysis revealed that most of the natural buffalo estrus saliva samples showing typical fern-like patterns clustered in the cluster 2 of the guide tree comprising of 13 clusters. In the cluster 2, MUC3 in combination with the salt concentrations of 100, 150, and 250 mM was commonly found in a close proximity to the natural typical fern-like patterns of saliva smear of buffaloes at estrus. Conclusively, the buffalo saliva at estrus is predicted to have a gel-forming heavily glycosylated protein such as mucin along with at least 100 mM of NaCl. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Glycoprotein and salts combination replicates fern-like pattern of buffalo saliva at estrus. MUC3 and NaCl salt combination produces more realistic fern-like patterns compared with MUC2 or BSA and salt combination. MUC3 with NaCl at 100, 150, and 250 mM consistently resembled natural estrus saliva fern-like patterns. During estrus, buffalo saliva is expected to contain heavily glycosylated mucin and at least of 100 mM NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mansi Joshi
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ashutosh Vats
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Lal Krishan Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Surya Kant Verma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj
- Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rubina Kumari Baithalu
- Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vedamurthy Gowdar Veerappa
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Kazmerski TM, Moy C, Aliaj E, Hudson J, Wright B, Poranski M, Sjoberg J, Taylor-Cousar JL, Georgiopoulos AM, Ladores SL, Trimble A, Tangpricha V, Khan FN, Ramasamy R, Leitner DV, West NE, Santos RD, Stransky OM, Wilson A, Keller A, Jain R. Prioritizing sexual and reproductive health research and care for people with cystic fibrosis: A 2023 workshop report from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Sexual Health, Reproduction, and Gender (SHARING) Research Working Group. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:639-646. [PMID: 38485603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address sexual and reproductive health (SRH) concerns among people with cystic fibrosis(PwCF), the CF Foundation created the Sexual Health, Reproduction, and Gender Research (SHARING) Working Group. This report summarizes CF community SRH research priorities and workshop discussions/future study planning. METHODS Pre-workshop, we distributed a community prioritization survey on CF SRH research/care. During the workshop, we used results and reviewed existing research to establish research priorities and design studies to address identified knowledge gaps. RESULTS A total of 303 respondents (85 % PwCF, 15 % caregivers) completed the survey. Highly-rated SRH topics were: 1) effects of CF modulator therapy on sex hormones; 2) effects of sex hormones on CF; 3) fertility; 4) pregnancy; and 5) SRH/mental health. Twenty-four workshop participants established the need for further research on sex hormones and CF, optimizing SRH care provision, and fertility/ART. CONCLUSION SRH is an important and emerging area in CF and thoughtful consideration of community perspectives can ensure that future research is relevant and responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci M Kazmerski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University Center, 120 Lytton Ave, Suite M060, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Innovative Research on Gender Health Equity (CONVERGE), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Christie Moy
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD 15213, United States.
| | - Enid Aliaj
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD 15213, United States.
| | - Jessica Hudson
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD 15213, United States.
| | - Brandon Wright
- Patient Partner, SHARING Research Working Group, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Maddie Poranski
- Patient Partner, SHARING Research Working Group, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Jacqui Sjoberg
- Patient Partner, SHARING Research Working Group, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | | | - Anna M Georgiopoulos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Yawkey 6900, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Sigrid L Ladores
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 S. 2nd Ave., NB485-A, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Aaron Trimble
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3270 Southwest Pavilion Loop OHSU Physicians Pavilion, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States.
| | - Farah Naz Khan
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | | | - Natalie E West
- The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 Building 5th Floor Pulmonary, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Rochelle Delos Santos
- Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
| | - Olivia M Stransky
- Center for Innovative Research on Gender Health Equity (CONVERGE), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Alexandra Wilson
- National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St. J318 Denver, CO 80206, United States.
| | - Ashley Keller
- University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8558, United States.
| | - Raksha Jain
- University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8558, United States.
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3
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Suh DI, Johnston SL. The Wiser Strategy of Using Beta-Agonists in Asthma: Mechanisms and Rationales. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:217-234. [PMID: 38910281 PMCID: PMC11199159 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the safety of beta-2 agonists have led to revisions of the major asthma guidelines to better address these issues. Although these updates allow for a combination of previous and current strategies, they may confuse clinical practitioners. Beta-2 agonists are vital for alleviating asthma symptoms by relaxing smooth muscles; however, they also pose significant risks by inducing pro-inflammatory mediators both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the risks of overuse and symptom masking, the use of beta-agonists alone at therapeutic doses can worsen airway inflammation and enhance virus-induced inflammation during asthma exacerbation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can effectively prevent these adverse effects. With new insights into the mechanisms of these adverse events, reserving short-acting beta-agonists for acute symptom relief during exacerbations and only for those who are already on ICS or oral steroids represents a careful approach to using beta-agonists with least adverse effects in patients with asthma. However, a major drawback of this approach is the potential non-compliance with ICS, leading to beta-agonist use without the necessary counteraction by ICS. An optimal strategy, both during and outside exacerbations, would integrate beta-agonists into an anti-inflammatory regimen that includes ICS, ideally combined with the same inhaler to ensure their concurrent use where finances allow. This would maintain the beneficial effects of beta-agonists, such as bronchodilation, while preventing the adverse effects from the induction of inflammatory mediators. This method is aligned with diverse clinical settings, maximizes the safe use of beta-agonists, and supports a comprehensive guideline-compliant management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Suh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Ambhore NS, Balraj P, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Sathish V. Estrogen receptors differentially modifies lamellipodial and focal adhesion dynamics in airway smooth muscle cell migration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 579:112087. [PMID: 37827228 PMCID: PMC10842142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex-steroid signaling, especially estrogen, has a paradoxical impact on regulating airway remodeling. In our previous studies, we demonstrated differential effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) towards estrogen receptors (ERs: α and β) in regulating airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. However, the role of ERs and their signaling on ASM migration is still unexplored. In this study, we examined how ERα versus ERβ affects the mitogen (Platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF)-induced human ASM cell migration as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. We used Lionheart-FX automated microscopy and transwell assays to measure cell migration and found that activating specific ERs had differential effects on PDGF-induced ASM cell migration. Pharmacological activation of ERβ or shRNA mediated knockdown of ERα and specific activation of ERβ blunted PDGF-induced cell migration. Furthermore, specific ERβ activation showed inhibition of actin polymerization by reducing the F/G-actin ratio. Using Zeiss confocal microscopy coupled with three-dimensional algorithmic ZEN-image analysis showed an ERβ-mediated reduction in PDGF-induced expressions of neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and actin-related proteins-2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, thereby inhibiting actin-branching and lamellipodia. In addition, ERβ activation also reduces the clustering of actin-binding proteins (vinculin and paxillin) at the leading edge of ASM cells. However, cells treated with E2 or ERα agonists do not show significant changes in actin/lamellipodial dynamics. Overall, these findings unveil the significance of ERβ activation in regulating lamellipodial and focal adhesion dynamics to regulate ASM cell migration and could be a novel target to blunt airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Premanand Balraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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5
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Habibullah MM. The role of CFTR channel in female infertility. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:1228-1237. [PMID: 36576330 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2022.2161427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated trans-membrane ATP gated anion channel present in most epithelia, which transports chloride and bicarbonate ions across the apical membrane. Mutations in the CFTR protein are known to result in defective expression or function, notably the inhibition of chloride and bicarbonate transport. This can result in cystic fibrosis (CF), a disorder characterised by thickness of the mucus lining of the epithelial cells of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, sweat ducts and reproductive organs. As a consequence, there is a reduction in fluid transport at the apical surface. While the most devastating effect of CF is mortality, about 98% of men with CF are infertile, consequent of early blockage of or failure to develop the mesonephrotic ducts as well as the vas deferens. The effect of CF of female fertility is less well-understood. This review highlights the genetics and pathophysiology as well as the mechanism of action of CF on female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Habibullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Palla JB, Laguna TA. Health inequities in the modulator era. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2023; 29:626-633. [PMID: 37611037 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the existing health inequities in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and how the recent development of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators may impact these inequities. RECENT FINDINGS People with CF (pwCF) from low socioeconomic status (SES) have more pulmonary exacerbations, worse nutritional status, lower pulmonary function, and an increased mortality rate with less access to lung transplantation. pwCF who identify as racial and ethnic minorities have earlier mortality, lower lung function, are less likely to be detected on newborn screening resulting in a delayed diagnosis, are underrepresented in clinic trials, and less likely to be eligible for a CFTR modulator. Female sex is associated with more pulmonary exacerbations and earlier mortality. Sexual gender minorities are a vulnerable population with worse health outcomes, and more research is needed in CF. CFTR modulators are inaccessible to low to middle-income countries due to significant cost burden. SUMMARY People with CF from low SES, racial and ethnic minorities, female sex, and sexual gender minorities face health inequities. CFTR modulator use will further widen existing health inequities given the unequal access to modulators based on nonqualifying genetics and exorbitant cost restricting use both on an individual and global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Palla
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Theresa A Laguna
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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7
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Tarracchini C, Alessandri G, Fontana F, Rizzo SM, Lugli GA, Bianchi MG, Mancabelli L, Longhi G, Argentini C, Vergna LM, Anzalone R, Viappiani A, Turroni F, Taurino G, Chiu M, Arboleya S, Gueimonde M, Bussolati O, van Sinderen D, Milani C, Ventura M. Genetic strategies for sex-biased persistence of gut microbes across human life. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4220. [PMID: 37452041 PMCID: PMC10349097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although compositional variation in the gut microbiome during human development has been extensively investigated, strain-resolved dynamic changes remain to be fully uncovered. In the current study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of 12,415 fecal microbiomes from healthy individuals are employed for strain-level tracking of gut microbiota members to elucidate its evolving biodiversity across the human life span. This detailed longitudinal meta-analysis reveals host sex-related persistence of strains belonging to common, maternally-inherited species, such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. Comparative genome analyses, coupled with experiments including intimate interaction between microbes and human intestinal cells, show that specific bacterial glycosyl hydrolases related to host-glycan metabolism may contribute to more efficient colonization in females compared to males. These findings point to an intriguing ancient sex-specific host-microbe coevolution driving the selective persistence in women of key microbial taxa that may be vertically passed on to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- GenProbio srl, Parma, Italy
| | - Sonia Mirjam Rizzo
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Giovanni Bianchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Argentini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Maria Vergna
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Chiu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, CSIC, 33300, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, CSIC, 33300, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, T12YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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8
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Palla JB. Disparities and therapeutic advances in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023. [PMID: 37133222 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has seen a multitude of therapeutic advances targeting its downstream effects. This has led to a steady increase in survival over the past few decades. The recent development of disease-modifying drugs targeting the underlying CFTR mutation has revolutionized treatment for CF. Despite these advances, individuals with CF who are racial and ethnic minorities, from low socioeconomic status, or female sex have worse clinical outcomes. The inequitable access to CFTR modulators from cost and/or genetic eligibility has the potential to further worsen the existing health disparities seen within the CF community.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Palla
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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9
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Huang D, Berglund M, Damdimopoulos A, Antonson P, Lindskog C, Enblad G, Amini RM, Okret S. Sex- and Female Age-Dependent Differences in Gene Expression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma-Possible Estrogen Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041298. [PMID: 36831639 PMCID: PMC9954534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For most lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the male incidence is higher, and the prognosis is worse compared to females. The reasons are unclear; however, epidemiological and experimental data suggest that estrogens are involved. With this in mind, we analyzed gene expression data from a publicly available cohort (EGAD00001003600) of 746 DLBCL samples based on RNA sequencing. We found 1293 genes to be differentially expressed between males and females (adj. p-value < 0.05). Few autosomal genes and pathways showed common sex-regulated expression between germinal center B-cell (GCB) and activated B-cell lymphoma (ABC) DLBCL. Analysis of differentially expressed genes between pre- vs. postmenopausal females identified 208 GCB and 345 ABC genes, with only 5 being shared. When combining the differentially expressed genes between females vs. males and pre- vs. postmenopausal females, nine putative estrogen-regulated genes were identified in ABC DLBCL. Two of them, NR4A2 and MUC5B, showed induced and repressed expression, respectively. Interestingly, NR4A2 has been reported as a tumor suppressor in lymphoma. We show that ABC DLBCL females with a high NR4A2 expression showed better survival. Inversely, MUC5B expression causes a more malignant phenotype in several cancers. NR4A2 and MUC5B were confirmed to be estrogen-regulated when the ABC cell line U2932 was grafted to mice. The results demonstrate sex- and female reproductive age-dependent differences in gene expression between DLBCL subtypes, likely due to estrogens. This may contribute to the sex differences in incidence and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mattias Berglund
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Antonson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sam Okret
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-8-524-81069
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Zhai T, Diergaarde B, Wilson DO, Kang H, Sood A, Bayliss SH, Yuan JM, Picchi MA, Lan Q, Belinsky SA, Siegfried JM, Cook LS, Leng S. Early natural menopause is associated with poor lung health and increased mortality among female smokers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:885.e1-885.e12. [PMID: 35934119 PMCID: PMC9729368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early natural menopause has been regarded as a biomarker of reproductive and somatic aging. Cigarette smoking is the most harmful factor for lung health and also an established risk factor for early menopause. Understanding the effect of early menopause on health outcomes in middle-aged and older female smokers is important to develop preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations of early menopause with multiple lung health and aging biomarkers, lung cancer risk, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in postmenopausal women who were moderate or heavy smokers. STUDY DESIGN This study was conducted on postmenopausal women with natural (n=1038) or surgical (n=628) menopause from the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study. The Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study is a community-based research cohort of current and former smokers, screened with low-dose computed tomography and followed up for lung cancer. Early menopause was defined as occurring before 45 years of age. The analyses were stratified by menopause types because of the different biological and medical causes of natural and surgical menopause. Statistical methods included linear model, generalized linear model, linear mixed-effects model, and time-to-event analysis. RESULTS The average age of the 1666 female smokers was 59.4±6.7 years, with 1519 (91.2%) of the population as non-Hispanic Whites and 1064 (63.9%) of the population as current smokers at baseline. Overall, 646 (39%) women reported early menopause, including 198 (19.1%) women with natural menopause and 448 (71.3%) women with surgical menopause (P<.001). Demographic variables did not differ between early and nonearly menopause groups, regardless of menopause type. Significant associations were identified between early natural menopause and higher risk of wheezing (odds ratio, 1.65; P<.01), chronic bronchitis (odds ratio, 1.73; P<.01), and radiographic emphysema (odds ratio, 1.70; P<.001) and lower baseline lung spirometry in an obstructive pattern (-104.8 mL/s for forced expiratory volume in the first second with P<.01, -78.6 mL for forced vital capacity with P=.04, and -2.1% for forced expiratory volume in the first second-to-forced vital capacity ratio with P=.01). In addition, early natural menopause was associated with a more rapid decline of forced expiratory volume in the first second-to-forced vital capacity ratio (-0.16% per year; P=.01) and incident airway obstruction (odds ratio, 2.02; P=.04). Furthermore, women early natural menopause had a 40% increased risk of death (P=.023), which was mainly driven by respiratory diseases (hazard ratio, 2.32; P<.001). Mediation analyses further identified that more than 33.3% of the magnitude of the associations between early natural menopause and all-cause and respiratory mortality were explained by baseline forced expiratory volume in the first second. Additional analyses in women with natural menopause identified that the associations between continuous smoking and subsequent lung cancer risk and cancer mortality were moderated by early menopause status, and females with early natural menopause who continued smoking had the worst outcomes (hazard ratio, >4.6; P<.001). This study did not find associations reported above in female smokers with surgical menopause. CONCLUSION Early natural menopause was found to be a risk factor for malignant and nonmalignant lung diseases and mortality in middle-aged and older female smokers. These findings have strong public health relevance as preventive strategies, including smoking cessation and chest computed tomography screening, should target this population (ie, female smokers with early natural menopause) to improve their postmenopausal health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David O Wilson
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Samuel H Bayliss
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM; Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Arora, CO
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM; Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM.
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11
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Ueda Y, Mogami H, Kawamura Y, Takakura M, Inohaya A, Yasuda E, Matsuzaka Y, Chigusa Y, Ito S, Mandai M, Kondoh E. Cervical MUC5B and MUC5AC are Barriers to Ascending Pathogens During Pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3010-3021. [PMID: 36112402 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cervical excision is a risk factor for preterm birth. This suggests that the cervix plays an essential role in the maintenance of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of the cervix through proteomic analysis of cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) from pregnant women after trachelectomy surgery, the natural model of a lack of cervix. METHODS The proteome compositions of CVF in pregnant women after trachelectomy were compared with those in control pregnant women by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and label-free relative quantification. MUC5B/AC expression in the human and murine cervices was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Regulation of MUC5B/AC expression by sex steroids was assessed in primary human cervical epithelial cells. In a pregnant mouse model of ascending infection, Escherichia coli or phosphate-buffered saline was inoculated into the vagina at 16.5 dpc, and the cervices were collected at 17.5 dpc. RESULTS The expression of MUC5B/5AC in cervicovaginal fluid was decreased in pregnant women after trachelectomy concomitant with the anatomical loss of cervical glands. Post-trachelectomy women delivered at term when MUC5B/AC abundance was greater than the mean normalized abundance of the control. MUC5B levels in the cervix were increased during pregnancy in both humans and mice. MUC5B mRNA was increased by addition of estradiol in human cervical epithelial cells, whereas MUC5AC was not. In a pregnant mouse model of ascending infection, E. coli was trapped in the MUC5B/AC-expressing mucin of the cervix, and neutrophils were colocalized there. CONCLUSION Endocervical MUC5B and MUC5AC may be barriers to ascending pathogens during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ueda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruta Mogami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawamura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahito Takakura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Asako Inohaya
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eriko Yasuda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Matsuzaka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Chigusa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondoh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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12
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Greenwald MA, Wolfgang MC. The changing landscape of the cystic fibrosis lung environment: From the perspective of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Siegfried JM. Sex and Gender Differences in Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6470418. [PMID: 34927202 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two highly prevalent pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), show both sex and gender differences in their presentations and outcomes. Sex differences are defined as biological differences associated with the male vs female genotype, and gender differences are defined as behavioral or social differences that primarily arise because of gender identity. The incidence of both lung cancer and COPD has increased dramatically in women over the past 50 years, and both are associated with chronic pulmonary inflammation. Development of COPD is also a risk factor for lung cancer. In this review, the main differences in lung cancer and COPD biology observed between men and women will be summarized. Potential causative factors will be discussed, including the role of estrogen in promoting pro-growth and inflammatory phenotypes which may contribute to development of both lung cancer and COPD. Response of the innate and adaptive immune system to estrogen is a likely factor in the biology of both lung cancer and COPD. Estrogen available from synthesis by reproductive organs as well as local pulmonary estrogen synthesis may be involved in activating estrogen receptors expressed by multiple cell types in the lung. Estrogenic actions, although more pronounced in women, may also have importance in the biology of lung cancer and COPD in men. Effects of estrogen are also timing and context dependent; the multiple cell types that mediate estrogen action in the lungs may confer both positive and negative effects on disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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14
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Zhang GQ, Özuygur Ermis SS, Rådinger M, Bossios A, Kankaanranta H, Nwaru B. Sex Disparities in Asthma Development and Clinical Outcomes: Implications for Treatment Strategies. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:231-247. [PMID: 35210789 PMCID: PMC8863331 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A gender-related disparity exists in asthma morbidity and mortality, which shifts at around puberty from a male predominance to a female predominance. This is clinically reflected in the fact that asthma that occurs in childhood (childhood-onset asthma) mainly affects boys, and that asthma that occurs in adulthood (adult-onset asthma) mainly affects women. Adult-onset asthma is often non-atopic, more severe, and associated with a poorer prognosis, thus posing a marked burden to women’s health and healthcare system. Many factors have been indicated to explain this gender-related disparity, including sociocultural and environmental factors as well as biological sex differences (genetic, pulmonary and immunological factors). It has long been suggested that sex hormones may be implicated in at least these biological sex differences. Overall, the evidence remains equivocal for the role of most sex hormones in asthma pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. Well-designed randomized clinical trials are required assessing the potential preventive or therapeutic effects of hormonal contraceptives on asthma in women, thereby helping to advance the evidence to inform future practice guidelines. The mechanisms underlying the role of sex hormones in asthma are complex, and our understanding is not yet complete. Additional mechanistic studies elucidating sex hormone signaling pathways and their interactions involved in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of asthma will help to identify potential sex hormone-driven asthma endotypes and novel therapeutic targets, providing the basis for a more personalized asthma management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saliha Selin Özuygur Ermis
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bright Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: Bright Nwaru, Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 424, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden, Tel +46 076 064 2614, Email
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15
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Chiarella SE, Cardet JC, Prakash YS. Sex, Cells, and Asthma. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1955-1969. [PMID: 34218868 PMCID: PMC8262071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are marked sex differences in asthma prevalence and severity. Sex hormones play a central role in these sex biases and directly interact with multiple key cells involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Here we review the known effects of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone on airway epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, the mononuclear phagocyte system, innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, mast cells, T cells, and B cells, all in the context of asthma. Furthermore, we explore unresolved clinical questions, such as the role of sex hormones in the link between asthma and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Juan Carlos Cardet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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16
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Surla GN, Hebbar A, Kumar V, Nayan V, Vedamurthy VG, Singh D, Onteru SK. Validation of salivary ferning based estrus identification method in a large population of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using Foldscope. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100528. [PMID: 34171716 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Missing an estrus event is an economic problem in buffaloes because of lack of a simple and accurate estrus identification method. Saliva, a non-invasive fluid available every time, showed typical fern-like crystallization patterns at early estrus in buffaloes. However, to implement this salivary ferning based estrus identification method in the field conditions, the present study, for the first time, validated this method in four buffalo population samples (PS) representing four different field scenarios, an organized herd (PS1, 10 buffaloes monitored daily for a year (149 estrus events)), artificial insemination (AI) centers (PS2, 114 buffaloes brought for AI), induced estrus condition (PS3, 44 buffaloes) and farmers' doorsteps (PS4, 275 random buffaloes with unknown reproductive history and no estrous signs). Totally, 582 saliva samples were collected from 443 buffaloes. Salivary smears were observed under a simple microscope and/or a less expensive (< 1USD) paper microscope, Foldscope. On the basis of salivary fern-like patterns, the proportions of estrus identification were significantly different among PS. Specifically, the proportions in the PS1 (0.74, P < 0.0001) and PS4 (0.08, P < 0.05) were significantly higher than their population proportion estimates, 0.5 and zero, respectively. Therefore, this estrus identification method is much useful in the PS1 and PS4, the practical field scenarios requiring an accurate estrus prediction method, compared to the PS2 and PS3. Especially, this method is 91 % confirmatory to detect early estrus in PS4. Therefore, salivary ferning is a useful technique to identify early estrus in buffaloes in the field conditions at farmers' doorsteps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangu Naidu Surla
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology, Laboratory Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Aparna Hebbar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology, Laboratory Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology, Laboratory Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Varij Nayan
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Computational Biology, Laboratory Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Veerappa Gowdar Vedamurthy
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology, Laboratory Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology, Laboratory Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology, Laboratory Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
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17
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Kim TW, Choi ES, Kim WJ, Jo HS. The Association with COPD Readmission Rate and Access to Medical Institutions in Elderly Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1599-1606. [PMID: 34113092 PMCID: PMC8184368 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s302631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Up to 20% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) require re-admission within 30 days of discharge after hospitalization for acute exacerbations of the disease. These re-admissions can increase morbidity and the economic burden of COPD. Reducing re-admissions has become a policy target in many developed countries. We investigated the risk factors for COPD re-admissions among older adults with COPD. Patients and Methods Data obtained from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort (NHIS-SC) in Korea were analyzed. The subjects included 558,147 patients aged ≥70 who had been admitted for COPD between 2013 and 2015. Re-admission was defined as being re-hospitalized within 30 days after discharge. The key variables selected from the database included income-based insurance contributions, demographical variables, information on inpatient medical services, types of healthcare facilities, and emergency time relevance index (TRI). The TRI is a regional medical-use analysis index that evaluates whether the capacity of the medical services available is appropriate for the medical needs of the target residents. Results In 814 COPD re-admission cases among 4867 total admissions due to COPD in elderly subjects, higher re-admission rates were associated with male sex, admission to district hospitals, medical aid recipients, and a longer hospital stay. When additionally adjusting the TRI to identify the difference in re-admission rates due to medical service accessibility, the same results were found, except for the areas of residence. The TRI was lower in re-admission cases (odds ratio 0.991 [95% CI, 0.984‒0.998], P = 0.013). Conclusion In this study, COPD re-admission rates among older adults were significantly associated with sex, length of hospital stay, and the type of hospital. The capacity of the medical services provided was also related to the COPD re-admission rate. Better access to appropriate emergency services is associated with reduction of COPD re-admission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Sil Choi
- Gangwon Public Health Policy Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Heui Sug Jo
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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18
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Lam GY, Goodwin J, Wilcox PG, Quon BS. Sex disparities in cystic fibrosis: review on the effect of female sex hormones on lung pathophysiology and outcomes. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00475-2020. [PMID: 33532475 PMCID: PMC7836644 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00475-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in morbidity and mortality have been reported in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population worldwide. However, it is unclear why CF women have worse clinical outcomes than men. In this review, we focus on the influence of female sex hormones on CF pulmonary outcomes and summarise data from in vitro and in vivo experiments on how oestrogen and progesterone might modify mucociliary clearance, immunity and infection in the CF airways. The potential for novel sex hormone-related therapeutic interventions is also discussed. A disparity in survival has been noted between men and women with cystic fibrosis where female sex hormones may facilitate lung disease progression. There is strong evidence that implicates oestrogen in numerous aspects of CF airway pathophysiology.https://bit.ly/34ef4Cv
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Lam
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jodi Goodwin
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pearce G Wilcox
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bradley S Quon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Cephus J, Gandhi VD, Shah R, Brooke Davis J, Fuseini H, Yung JA, Zhang J, Kita H, Polosukhin VV, Zhou W, Newcomb DC. Estrogen receptor-α signaling increases allergen-induced IL-33 release and airway inflammation. Allergy 2021; 76:255-268. [PMID: 32648964 DOI: 10.1111/all.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are stimulated by IL-33 to increase IL-5 and IL-13 production and airway inflammation. While sex hormones regulate airway inflammation, it remained unclear whether estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor-α (ER-α, Esr1) or ER-β (Esr2) increased ILC2-mediated airway inflammation. We hypothesize that estrogen signaling increases allergen-induced IL-33 release, ILC2 cytokine production, and airway inflammation. METHODS Female Esr1-/- , Esr2-/- , wild-type (WT), and IL33fl/fl eGFP mice were challenged with Alternaria extract (Alt Ext) or vehicle for 4 days. In select experiments, mice were administered tamoxifen or vehicle pellets for 21 days prior to challenge. Lung ILC2, IL-5 and IL-13 production, and BAL inflammatory cells were measured on day 5 of Alt Ext challenge model. Bone marrow from WT and Esr1-/- female mice was transferred (1:1 ratio) into WT female recipients for 6 weeks followed by Alt Ext challenge. hBE33 cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were pretreated with 17β-estradiol (E2), propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT, ER-α agonist), or diarylpropionitrile (DPN, ER-β agonist) before allergen challenge to determine IL-33 gene expression and release, extracellular ATP release, DUOX-1 production, and necrosis. RESULTS Alt Ext challenged Esr1-/- , but not Esr2-/- , mice had decreased IL-5 and IL-13 production, BAL eosinophils, and IL-33 release compared to WT mice. Tamoxifen decreased IL-5 and IL-13 production and BAL eosinophils. IL-33eGFP + epithelial cells were decreased in Alt Ext challenged Esr1-/- mice compared to WT mice. 17β-E2 or PPT, but not DPN, increased IL-33 gene expression, release, and DUOX-1 production in hBE33 or NHBE cells. CONCLUSION Estrogen receptor -α signaling increased IL-33 release and ILC2-mediated airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline‐Yvonne Cephus
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Vivek D. Gandhi
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Jordan Brooke Davis
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Hubaida Fuseini
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Yung
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Allergic Diseases Research Laboratory Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Weisong Zhou
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
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Hughan KS, Daley T, Rayas MS, Kelly A, Roe A. Female reproductive health in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 18 Suppl 2:S95-S104. [PMID: 31679735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Women with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer and healthier lives, and opportunities for childbearing are increasingly promising. However, this population can also face sexual and reproductive health concerns, including menstrual irregularities, unplanned pregnancies, infertility and pregnancy complications. Additionally, more women are entering menopause and are at risk for the consequences of estrogen deficiency. The exact mechanisms involved in female reproductive health conditions in CF are not clearly understood, but are thought to include cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-mediated abnormalities, changes in female sex hormones, and other CF health-related factors. In the era of CFTR modulator therapy, new data are necessary to understand the impact of CFTR modulation on contraceptive effectiveness, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes to help guide future clinical care. This article reviews the current scientific knowledge of major reproductive health issues for women with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara S Hughan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tanicia Daley
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Emory Children's Pediatric Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1400 Tullie Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Socorro Rayas
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Roe
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1000 Courtyard, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Chatterjee M, van Putten JPM, Strijbis K. Defensive Properties of Mucin Glycoproteins during Respiratory Infections-Relevance for SARS-CoV-2. mBio 2020; 11:e02374-20. [PMID: 33184103 PMCID: PMC7663010 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02374-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus plays a pivotal role in protecting the respiratory tract against microbial infections. It acts as a primary contact site to entrap microbes and facilitates their removal from the respiratory tract via the coordinated beating of motile cilia. The major components of airway mucus are heavily O-glycosylated mucin glycoproteins, divided into gel-forming mucins and transmembrane mucins. The gel-forming mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B are the primary structural components of airway mucus, and they enable efficient clearance of pathogens by mucociliary clearance. MUC5B is constitutively expressed in the healthy airway, whereas MUC5AC is upregulated in response to inflammatory challenge. MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 are the three major transmembrane mucins of the respiratory tracts which prevent microbial invasion, can act as releasable decoy receptors, and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. Pathogens have evolved virulence factors such as adhesins that facilitate interaction with specific mucins and mucin glycans, for example, terminal sialic acids. Mucin expression and glycosylation are dependent on the inflammatory state of the respiratory tract and are directly regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and microbial ligands. Gender and age also impact mucin glycosylation and expression through the female sex hormone estradiol and age-related downregulation of mucin production. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the role of respiratory mucins and their glycans during bacterial and viral infections of the airways and their relevance for the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding the impact of microbe-mucin interaction in the respiratory tract could inspire the development of novel therapies to boost mucosal defense and combat respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitrayee Chatterjee
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jo YS, Rhee CK, Kim KJ, Yoo KH, Park YB. Risk factors for early readmission after acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620961688. [PMID: 33070701 PMCID: PMC7580139 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620961688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients discharged after treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at high risk for readmission. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for readmission. METHODS We included 16,105 patients who had claimed their medical expenses from 1 May 2014 to 1 May 2016 after discharge from any medical facility in Korea, following treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD. We analysed the potential risk factors for readmission within 30 days of discharge. RESULTS Readmission rate was 26.4% (3989 patients among 15,101 patients) and over 50% of readmissions occurred within 10 days of discharge. Approximately 57% of readmissions occurred due to respiratory causes. Major causes of readmission were COPD (27%), pneumonia (14.2%), and lung cancer (7.1%), in that order. Patients who were readmitted were male, had more comorbidities and were less frequently admitted to tertiary hospitals than those who were not readmitted. Risk factors for readmission within 30 days of discharge were male sex, medical aid coverage, longer hospital stay, longer duration of systemic steroid use during hospital stay, high comorbid condition index, and discharge to skilled nursing facility. CONCLUSION Readmission occurred in approximately one-quarter of patients, and was associated with patient-related and clinical factors. Using these results, we can identify high-risk patients for readmission and precautions are needed to be taken before deciding on a discharge plan. Further research is needed to develop accurate tools for predicting the risk of readmission before discharge, and development and evaluation of an effective care programme for COPD patients are necessary.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Suk Jo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Allergy Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05355, Korea
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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23
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Abstract
Dysregulation of gel-forming mucins is associated with many airway diseases. Better knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking mucins and respiratory diseases will advance the understanding of their pathogenesis and should provide opportunities to develop new therapeutic compounds for treatment. MUC5B and MUC5AC are the two main gel-forming mucins in the respiratory tract. The organization in domains and the expression profile of mouse Muc5b are very similar to those in humans, which makes the mouse a relevant model for studies of the translational activities of human mucins. To assess the in vivo biological functions of Muc5b, a mouse reporter tagged in frame with the green fluorescent protein marker has been engineered by homologous recombination. The proof of concept that this reporter model may be informative for translational studies was confirmed by the finding that interleukin-13 administration in living mice upregulated Muc5b production.
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24
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The Possible Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis considering MUC5B. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9712464. [PMID: 31309122 PMCID: PMC6594326 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9712464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the MUC5B protein is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but little information is available regarding the pathogenic effects and regulatory mechanisms of overexpressed MUC5B in IPF. Main Body The overexpression of MUC5B in terminal bronchi and honeycomb cysts produces mucosal host defensive dysfunction in the distal airway which may play an important role in the development of IPF. This review addresses the possible association of overexpression of MUC5B, with MUC5B promoter polymorphism, MUC5B gene epigenetic changes, effects of some transcriptional factors, and inflammatory mediators in IPF. In addition, the associated signaling pathways which may influence the expression of MUC5B are also discussed. Conclusion This work has important implications for further exploration of the mechanisms of overexpression of MUC5B in IPF, and future personalized treatment.
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Gut-Gobert C, Cavaillès A, Dixmier A, Guillot S, Jouneau S, Leroyer C, Marchand-Adam S, Marquette D, Meurice JC, Desvigne N, Morel H, Person-Tacnet C, Raherison C. Women and COPD: do we need more evidence? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/151/180055. [PMID: 30814138 PMCID: PMC9488562 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0055-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasingly female face of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence among women has equalled that of men since 2008, due in part to increased tobacco use among women worldwide and exposure to biomass fuels. This finding is supported by a number of characteristics. There is evidence of susceptibility to smoking and other airborne contaminants, along with epidemiological and phenotypic manifestations. COPD has thus become the leading cause of death in women in the USA. The clinical presentation is characterised by increasingly pronounced dyspnoea with a marked tendency towards anxiety and depression, undernutrition, nonsmall cell lung cancer (especially adenocarcinoma) and osteoporosis. Quality of life is also more significantly impacted. The theories advanced to explain these differences involve the role played by oestrogens, impaired gas exchange in the lungs and smoking habits. While these differences require appropriate therapeutic responses (smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy), barriers to the treatment of women with COPD include greater under-diagnosis than in men, fewer spirometry tests and medical consultations. Faced with this serious public health problem, we need to update and adapt our knowledge to the epidemiological changes. The face of COPD is increasingly female. We need more evidence and a change in how the disease is managed. http://ow.ly/zueL30mWqlS
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Gut-Gobert
- G.E.T.B.O. (Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale), Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, EA3878, IFR148, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Cavaillès
- Institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, Dept of Pulmonology, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Dixmier
- Dept of Pulmonology, Orléans Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | - Stéphanie Guillot
- Unité d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, CHRU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.,IRSET UMR 1085, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Leroyer
- G.E.T.B.O. (Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale), Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, EA3878, IFR148, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie, Brest, France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- Université François Rabelais Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Inserm 1100, CHRU de Tours Service de Pneumologie, Tours, France
| | - David Marquette
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Meurice
- Dept of Pulmonology Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Hugues Morel
- Dept of Pulmonology, Orléans Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | | | - Chantal Raherison
- Service des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Bordeaux, Epicene U1219 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Imberti R, Garavaglia ML, Verduci I, Cannavale G, Balduzzi G, Papetti S, Mazzanti M. Antiestrogen- and tamoxifen-induced effects on calcium-activated chloride currents in epithelial cells carrying the ∆F508-CFTR point mutation. Respir Res 2018; 19:198. [PMID: 30290809 PMCID: PMC6173901 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although pharmacological treatment has increased the average life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis, the median survival of females is shorter than that of males. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that estrogens play a relevant role in the disease progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen citrate (TMX) on calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) currents in human bronchial epithelial cells carrying the ΔPhe508-CFTR mutation both in homozygosis and in heterozygosis. Methods Perforated patch clamp experiments were performed on single cells of the immortalized cell lines CFBE and IB3–1. Gramicidin (10 or 20 μM) was added to the electrode solution to reach the whole cell configuration. The electrical stimulation protocol consisted of square voltages ranging from − 80 to + 80 mV, in steps of 20 mV and with a duration of 800 msec. Results The presence of 17β-estradiol significantly reduced the CaCC currents, both in basal conditions and in the presence of ATP (100 μM). The addition of TMX (10 μM) completely restored the currents abolished by 17β-estradiol, in basal conditions and after stimulation with ATP in both CFBE and IB3–1 cells. TMX had a strong, direct action on membrane current density, which significantly increased more than 4-fold in both cases. The membrane current stimulation produced by TMX was further enhanced by the addition of ATP. CFBE cells incubated for 24 h with 3 μM VX-809 (a CFTR corrector) and then acutely stimulated with VX-770 (a CFTR potentiator) in the presence of forskolin, showed an increase of chloride currents which were abolished by Inh-172. The chloride current density induced by TMX + ATP was, on average, greater than that obtained with VX-809 + VX-770 + forskolin. The currents elicited by TMX + ATP were abolished by the addition of NPPB, a CaCC inhibitor. The combined administration of TMX/ATP and VXs/FSK had an additional effect on chloride currents. Conclusions Our results show that TMX restores CaCC currents inhibited by 17ß-estradiol and directly activates the transmembrane chloride currents potentiated by ATP, an effect which is mutation independent. The combined effect of TMX with current used treatments for cystic fibrosis could be of benefit to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Imberti
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit and Experimental Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Garavaglia
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Verduci
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cannavale
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Papetti
- GB Pharma S.r.l., via Ferreri 11, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy.
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Fuseini H, Yung JA, Cephus JY, Zhang J, Goleniewska K, Polosukhin VV, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC. Testosterone Decreases House Dust Mite-Induced Type 2 and IL-17A-Mediated Airway Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1843-1854. [PMID: 30127088 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As adults, women are twice as likely as men to have asthma; however, the mechanisms explaining this sexual dimorphism remain unclear. Increased type 2 cytokines and/or IL-17A, leading to increased airway eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively, are associated with asthma. Previous studies showed that testosterone, signaling through the androgen receptor (AR), decreased Th2-mediated allergic inflammation and type 2 innate immune responses during allergic inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that testosterone and AR signaling attenuate type 2 and IL-17A-mediated airway inflammation. To test our hypothesis, sham-operated and gonadectomized female and male mice were intranasally challenged with house dust mite (HDM) or vehicle (PBS) for 3 wk. Testosterone decreased and ovarian hormones increased HDM-induced eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, IgE production, and airway hyperresponsiveness, as well as decreased the numbers of IL-13+ CD4 Th2 cells and IL-17A+ CD4 Th17 cells in the lung. Next, using wild-type male and female mice and ARtfm male mice that are unable to signal through the AR, we determined AR signaling intrinsically attenuated IL-17A+ Th17 cells but indirectly decreased IL-13+ CD4 Th2 cells in the lung by suppressing HDM-induced IL-4 production. In vitro Th2 and Th17 differentiation experiments showed AR signaling had no direct effect on Th2 cell differentiation but decreased IL-17A protein expression and IL-23R mRNA relative expression from Th17 cells. Combined, these findings show AR signaling attenuated type 2 and IL-17A inflammation through different mechanisms and provide a potential explanation for the increased prevalence of asthma in women compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubaida Fuseini
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Jeffrey A Yung
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and .,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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28
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Jo YS, Kwon SO, Kim J, Kim WJ. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a complementary biomarker for the asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:5047-5056. [PMID: 30233879 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.07.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background There is no standardized definition of the asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO). Although the blood eosinophil count is regarded as a biomarker for identifying ACO, it has no distinct value. This study aimed to measure plasma levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a potential biomarker for distinguishing between ACO and non-ACO COPD. Methods We used the Korean cohort in the COPD in dusty area (CODA) study which included 137 subjects with COPD confirmed by spirometry. We defined ACO by a positive bronchodilator response (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FEV1 >12% and >200 mL from baseline) or based on a previous history of asthma. Plasma levels of NGAL were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results Among the 137 subjects, 77 were ACO and 60 were non-ACO COPD. Overall, the plasma NGAL levels were 15.9±7.9 and 15.6±6.6 ng/mL for non-ACO and ACO subjects respectively, and not significantly different. However, NGAL levels were significantly higher in female subjects with ACO (17.0±6.4 vs. 11.1±4.5, P=0.01). In female subjects, NGAL levels showed a good predictive ability to discriminate between ACO and non-ACO COPD [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), 0.77]; the predictive ability was similar to that of the blood eosinophil count (AUROC, 0.79). There was a higher probability of discriminating ACO from non-ACO among subjects in the highest tertile of NGAL levels (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-4.28; P for trend =0.01). Conclusions NGAL levels were significantly higher in ACO compared to non-ACO COPD in female subjects. After adjusting for gender as a confounding factor, the ability to distinguish ACO was better at higher levels of NGAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Suk Jo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Vidaillac C, Yong VFL, Jaggi TK, Soh MM, Chotirmall SH. Gender differences in bronchiectasis: a real issue? Breathe (Sheff) 2018; 14:108-121. [PMID: 29875830 PMCID: PMC5980467 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in chronic respiratory disease, including cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis are clinically apparent and of increasing importance. Differences in disease prevalence, severity and outcome are all described, however, the precise cause of the gender dichotomy and their associated underlying mechanisms have been poorly characterised. A lack of dedicated clinical and epidemiological research focused in this area has led to a paucity of data and therefore a lack of understanding of its key drivers. Diagnosis, disease pathogenesis and treatment response are all complex but important aspects of bronchiectasis with an evident gender bias. Broadening our understanding of the interplay between microbiology, host physiology and the environment in the context of chronic lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis, is critical to unravelling mechanisms driving the observed gender differences. In this review, epidemiological, biological and environmental evidence related to gender in bronchiectasis is summarised. This illustrates gender differences as a “real issue” with the objective of mapping out a future framework upon which a gender-tailored medical approach may be incorporated into the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of bronchiectasis. CF and non-CF bronchiectasis are complex multifactorial chronic pulmonary diseases demonstrating gender differences in their prevalence, severity and infections, some of which are attributable to sex hormoneshttp://ow.ly/beDf30jseK4
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vidaillac
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Valerie F L Yong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tavleen K Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Min-Min Soh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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30
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Yung JA, Fuseini H, Newcomb DC. Hormones, sex, and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:488-494. [PMID: 29410216 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current literature on the sex disparity in asthma and the role of sex hormone signaling in allergic and neutrophilic airway inflammation. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention health surveys were searched. STUDY SELECTIONS Clinical and epidemiologic studies in children and adults as well as animal models of asthma were included in this review. RESULTS Compared with males, females have an increase in asthma prevalence starting around puberty, and fluctuations in hormones during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause are associated with changes in asthma symptoms. Animal studies using genetic deletions of estrogen receptors or androgen receptors have shown that estrogen signaling promotes and androgen signaling attenuates allergen-mediated type 2 airway inflammation. Furthermore, animal studies have found that ovarian hormones are important for interleukin 17A-mediated airway inflammation. CONCLUSION Sex hormones are important in regulating asthma pathogenesis. However, additional studies need to be conducted to further elucidate how sex hormones are initiating and driving the inflammatory response(s) in asthma. Determining these pathways will provide the foundation necessary for the development of treatment strategies and potentially new therapeutics for patients, in particular females, with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Yung
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hubaida Fuseini
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many phenotypes of asthma exist, ranging from mild asthma with onset during childhood to severe asthma with later onset, making asthma a broad disease with different pathologies. A gender disparity exists in asthma prevalence. As adults, women have an increased asthma prevalence compared to men. Further, women are more likely to have severe asthma and a later onset of asthma compared to men. Here, we review clinical and animal studies that have defined the role of sex hormones in airway inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, mucus production, and airway mechanics associated with asthma pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical evidence shows that increased asthma symptoms occur in females starting at puberty compared to those in boys. However, after puberty, the role for sex hormones in regulating asthma symptoms during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause is not as clear. Animal studies have shown that estrogen increases and testosterone decreases Th2-mediated airway inflammation, and that females have increased IL-17A-mediated airway inflammation compared to males. Further, females had increased DC and Mϕ function compared to males. However, the mechanisms driving the types of allergic inflammation are not fully elucidated. Overall, ovarian hormones increased and testosterone decreased airway inflammation in asthma, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Delineating these pathways using animal models as well as women and men with various phenotypes of asthma will help determine if women with asthma should take (or avoid) hormonal contraceptives as well as predict changes in asthma symptoms during life phases, including pregnancy and menopause, when sex hormones are dramatically changing.
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Maddison JW, Rickard JP, Bernecic NC, Tsikis G, Soleilhavoup C, Labas V, Combes-Soia L, Harichaux G, Druart X, Leahy T, de Graaf SP. Oestrus synchronisation and superovulation alter the cervicovaginal mucus proteome of the ewe. J Proteomics 2017; 155:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Assaggaf H, Felty Q. Gender, Estrogen, and Obliterative Lesions in the Lung. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:8475701. [PMID: 28469671 PMCID: PMC5392403 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8475701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender has been shown to impact the prevalence of several lung diseases such as cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Controversy over the protective effects of estrogen on the cardiopulmonary system should be of no surprise as clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy have failed to show benefits observed in experimental models. Potential confounders to explain these inconsistent estrogenic effects include the dose, cellular context, and systemic versus local tissue levels of estrogen. Idiopathic PAH is disproportionately found to be up to 4 times more common in females than in males; however, estrogen levels cannot explain why males develop PAH sooner and have poorer survival. Since the sex steroid hormone 17β-estradiol is a mitogen, obliterative processes in the lung such as cell proliferation and migration may impact the growth of pulmonary tissue or vascular cells. We have reviewed evidence for biological differences of sex-specific lung obliterative lesions and highlighted cell context-specific effects of estrogen in the formation of vessel lumen-obliterating lesions. Based on this information, we provide a biological-based mechanism to explain the sex difference in PAH severity as well as propose a mechanism for the formation of obliterative vascular lesions by estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- *Quentin Felty:
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Saliva ferning, an unorthodox estrus detection method in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2016; 86:1147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Raghavan D, Jain R. Increasing awareness of sex differences in airway diseases. Respirology 2015; 21:449-59. [PMID: 26677803 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing epidemiologic data demonstrating sex differences with respect to prevalence and progression of airway diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF-related bronchiectasis. In asthma, for example, young boys have increased exacerbations and higher morbidity than girls which distinctly reverses after adolescence and into adulthood. In COPD, a disease that was historically considered an illness of men, the number of women dying per year is now greater than in men. Finally, women with CF-related bronchiectasis have a decreased median life expectancy relative to men and a higher risk of respiratory infections despite equal prevalence of the disease. A number of studies now exist demonstrating mechanisms behind these sex differences, including influences of genetic predisposition, sex hormones and comorbidities. The notable sex disparity has potential diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications and for the practicing respiratory or general physician, a familiarity with these distinctions may augment effective management of patients with airway diseases. This review seeks to concisely summarize the data regarding gender-based differences in airway diseases, outline the current understanding of contributing factors and discuss therapeutic implications for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Raghavan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Raksha Jain
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Keselman A, Heller N. Estrogen Signaling Modulates Allergic Inflammation and Contributes to Sex Differences in Asthma. Front Immunol 2015; 6:568. [PMID: 26635789 PMCID: PMC4644929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects ~300 million people worldwide. It is characterized by airway constriction that leads to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. The most common treatments are corticosteroids and β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, which target inflammation and airway smooth muscle constriction, respectively. The incidence and severity of asthma is greater in women than in men, and women are more prone to develop corticosteroid-resistant or “hard-to-treat” asthma. Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, and oral contraceptives are known to contribute to disease outcome in women, suggesting a role for estrogen and other hormones impacting allergic inflammation. Currently, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences are poorly understood, although the effect of sex hormones, such as estrogen, on allergic inflammation is gaining interest. Asthma presents as a heterogeneous disease. In typical Th2-type allergic asthma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 predominate, driving IgE production and recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs. Chronic Th2-inflammation in the lung results in structural changes and activation of multiple immune cell types, leading to a deterioration of lung function over time. Most immune cells express estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, or the membrane-bound G-protein-coupled ER) to varying degrees and can respond to the hormone. Together these receptors have demonstrated the capacity to regulate a spectrum of immune functions, including adhesion, migration, survival, wound healing, and antibody and cytokine production. This review will cover the current understanding of estrogen signaling in allergic inflammation and discuss how this signaling may contribute to sex differences in asthma and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Keselman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Nicola Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Aoshiba K, Tsuji T, Itoh M, Yamaguchi K, Nakamura H. An evolutionary medicine approach to understanding factors that contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2015; 89:243-52. [PMID: 25677028 DOI: 10.1159/000369861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have been published on the causes and mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the reason for the existence of COPD and the reasons why COPD develops in humans have hardly been studied. Evolutionary medical approaches are required to explain not only the proximate factors, such as the causes and mechanisms of a disease, but the ultimate (evolutionary) factors as well, such as why the disease is present and why the disease develops in humans. According to the concepts of evolutionary medicine, disease susceptibility is acquired as a result of natural selection during the evolutionary process of traits linked to the genes involved in disease susceptibility. In this paper, we discuss the following six reasons why COPD develops in humans based on current evolutionary medical theories: (1) evolutionary constraints; (2) mismatch between environmental changes and evolution; (3) co-evolution with pathogenic microorganisms; (4) life history trade-off; (5) defenses and their costs, and (6) reproductive success at the expense of health. Our perspective pursues evolutionary answers to the fundamental question, 'Why are humans susceptible to this common disease, COPD, despite their long evolutionary history?' We believe that the perspectives offered by evolutionary medicine are essential for researchers to better understand the significance of their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Japan
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Bermbach S, Weinhold K, Roeder T, Petersen F, Kugler C, Goldmann T, Rupp J, König P. Mechanisms of cilia-driven transport in the airways in the absence of mucus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:56-67. [PMID: 24467665 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0530oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus is thought to be required for the clearance of inhaled particles by mucociliary transport, but this view has recently been challenged. To test if mucus is necessary for cilia-driven particle transport, we removed mucus from murine and human ex vivo airway preparations by thorough rinsing with buffer with or without additional dithiothreitol washing. The transport of particles with diameters of 4.5 μm, 200 nm, and 40 nm and of bacteria was analyzed by video microscopy. Complete removal of mucus was verified by wheat germ agglutinin staining and by scanning electron microscopy. In the absence of mucus, we observed efficient transport of particles and bacteria by direct cilia-mediated propulsion or via fluid flow generated by ciliary beating. Virus-sized particles had the tendency to attach to cilia. Because direct contact of particles with ciliated cells occurs in the absence of mucus, we examined if this direct interaction changes epithelial function. Neither bacteria- nor LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in ciliated cells occurred, indicating that mere contact between ciliated cells and bacteria during transport does not activate the epithelium. Attachment of virus-sized particles to cilia could induce mucus release and/or increase the ciliary beat frequency. Our results indicate that cilia-driven transport of particles with various sizes is possible in murine and human airways without the presence of mucus. If mucus-free transport fails, the epithelium can react by releasing mucus or increasing the ciliary beat frequency to maintain particle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bermbach
- 1 Institut für Anatomie, Zentrum für medizinische Struktur- und Zellbiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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Ji X, Wu B, Jin K, Luo C, Han R, Chen M, Hou Z, Fan J, Ni C. MUC5B promoter polymorphisms and risk of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in a Chinese population. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4171-6. [PMID: 24924948 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is characterized by fibrosing nodular lesions that eventually develop into progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Genetic variations have been recognized to be involved in the multi-factorial susceptibility to CWP, and MUC5B is a candidate lung fibrosis susceptibility gene. In the present study, we investigated possible genetic associations between three single nucleotide polymorphisms in MUC5B promoter region and CWP in a case-control study including 686 CWP patients and 680 controls. Genotyping was carried out by TaqMan method. Only rs2672794 allele and genotype frequencies distributions were significantly different between CWP patients and controls (P = 0.017 and 0.046 for allele and genotype, respectively). The MUC5B rs2672794 CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of CWP, compared with the TT genotype. Moreover, individuals with TC/CC genotype had an obviously increased risk of CWP than those with TT genotype, particularly among subgroups of dust exposure <27 years and smokers. This is the first report showing an association between the MUC5B rs2672794 polymorphism and CWP, and our results suggest that MUC5B rs2672794 CC genotype could increase the risk of CWP. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ji
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Taillé C, Raherison C, Sobaszek A, Thumerelle C, Prudhomme A, Biron E, Nocent C, Tillie-Leblond I. [Features of asthma in women: what is the relationship with hormonal status?]. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 31:469-77. [PMID: 25012033 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence and control of asthma are modulated by hormonal changes in women, suggesting an influence of sex hormones on the airways. BACKGROUND The blood levels of both oestrogens and progesterone can modulate airway tone and inflammation. Asthma prevalence changes at puberty and the menopause, events also associated with modifications of adipose tissue and behaviour. Changes in lung function and asthma control are well documented during the menstrual cycle. However, an effect of hormone therapy on asthma control has not been demonstrated. PERSPECTIVE The effect of a targeted hormonal therapeutic intervention in menopausal asthma, a phenotype, which is frequently particularly severe, or in premenstrual asthma, should be evaluated by randomized trials. CONCLUSION Involvement of sex hormones and their cyclical variations in the characteristics of asthma in women is probable, despite lack of convincing data. However, no definitive protective or deleterious effect can be assigned. Complex interactions with adipose tissue, airways anatomy and the domestic or working environment must be taken into account to explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Taillé
- Inserm U700, service de pneumologie, département hospitalo-universitaire FIRE, centre de compétence des maladies pulmonaires rares, hôpital Bichat, université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex, France.
| | - C Raherison
- U897 ISPED, service des maladies respiratoires, CHU de Bordeaux, université Bordeaux Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Sobaszek
- Service de médecine du travail et pathologies professionnelles, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Thumerelle
- Unité de pneumologie pédiatrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Prudhomme
- Service de pneumologie, CHG de Bigorre, 65000 Tarbes, France
| | - E Biron
- Hôpital privé Jean-Mermoz, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - C Nocent
- Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier de la Côte Basque, 64100 Bayonne, France
| | - I Tillie-Leblond
- Inserm U1019, service de pneumologie et d'immuno-allergologie, institut Pasteur de Lille, hôpital Calmette, université de Lille-2, CHRU, 59000 Lille, France
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Tam A, Sin DD. Why are women more vulnerable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 7:197-9. [PMID: 23734641 DOI: 10.1586/ers.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sutton S, Rosenbluth D, Raghavan D, Zheng J, Jain R. Effects of puberty on cystic fibrosis related pulmonary exacerbations in women versus men. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:28-35. [PMID: 23460461 PMCID: PMC4509589 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic data from studies of airway diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis indicate a gender disparity where women have worse outcomes. The explanation for this is largely unknown. We hypothesize that female sex hormones play a role in this gender disparity, predisposing women to more exacerbations and decreased lung function post-puberty. OBJECTIVE In Cystic Fibrosis, to determine if puberty marks a point of increasing exacerbations and decreasing lung function in women relative to men. METHODS Using the United States Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, we used linear regression to compare lung function and rate of pulmonary exacerbations in men versus women before and after puberty. RESULTS Of 5,137 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 2,689 were male and 2,448 were female. Average age of puberty was found to be 13.2 ± 2.2 years in men and 11.2 ± 2.0 years of age in women. Percent predicted FEV1 pre- and post-puberty were no different between males versus females (P = 0.44 pre-puberty and P = 0.16 post-puberty). In contrast, women had a significantly higher rate of pulmonary exacerbations post-puberty than men (1.17 ± 1.35 exacerbations per year in women versus 0.95 ± 1.27 in men; P < 0.001) despite controlling for morphometrics, co-morbidities, and microbiologic variables. CONCLUSION After puberty, the rate of pulmonary exacerbations increased in adolescent women relative to men with cystic fibrosis, supporting a role for sex hormones in the disease process. Further understanding of the mechanisms that modulate sex hormone receptors in airway disease may serve as future targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Sutton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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Van Winkle LS, Murphy SR, Boetticher MV, VandeVoort CA. Fetal exposure of rhesus macaques to bisphenol a alters cellular development of the conducting airway by changing epithelial secretory product expression. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:912-8. [PMID: 23757601 PMCID: PMC3734491 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure early in life results in organizational changes in reproductive organs, but the effect of BPA on conducting airway cellular maturation has not been studied. Late gestation is characterized by active differentiation of secretory cells in the lung epithelium. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the hypothesis that BPA exposure disrupts epithelial secretory cell development in the fetal conducting airway of the rhesus macaque. METHODS We exposed animals to BPA during either the second (early term) or the third (late term) trimester. There were four treatment groups: a) sham control early term, b) sham control late term, c) BPA early term (BPA-early), and d) BPA late term (BPA-late). Because cellular maturation occurs nonuniformly in the lung, we defined mRNA and protein expression by airway level using microdissection. RESULTS BPA exposure of the dam during late term significantly accelerated secretory cell maturation in the proximal airways of the fetus; both Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) and MUC5AC/5B mRNA and protein expression increased. CONCLUSIONS BPA exposure during late gestation accelerates secretory cell maturation in the proximal conducting airways. We identified a critical window of fetal susceptibility for BPA effects on lung epithelial cell maturation in the third trimester. This is of environmental health importance because increases in airway mucins are hallmarks of a number of childhood lung diseases that may be affected by BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Van Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Konkel L. BPA and altered airway cells: association seen in rhesus macaques after third-trimester exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:A254. [PMID: 23907107 PMCID: PMC3733680 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.121-a254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the clinical, radiological, and pathological manifestations of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD), it remains difficult for the clinician to predict the clinical course or the response to therapy for the subtypes of ILD, even from individual to individual with the same diagnosis. This article reviews the genetic and environmental causes of pulmonary fibrosis, specifically focusing on genetic and epigenetic variants of MUC5B and several types of ILD, to discuss why only some individuals with the MUC5B promoter polymorphism develop pulmonary fibrosis. Once we discover how these genetic and epigenetic risks lead to the development of ILD, we and others can apply these discoveries to: (1) identify individuals at risk of developing ILD, (2) diagnose the condition at an earlier stage, (3) identify novel mechanisms that cause ILD, and (4) eventually develop personalized therapeutic strategies for intervention.
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Essack M, MacPherson CR, Schmeier S, Bajic VB. Identification of estrogen responsive genes using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:135. [PMID: 23101584 PMCID: PMC3495646 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Estrogen therapy has positively impact the treatment of several cancers, such as prostate, lung and breast cancers. Moreover, several groups have reported the importance of estrogen induced gene regulation in esophageal cancer (EC). This suggests that there could be a potential for estrogen therapy for EC. The efficient design of estrogen therapies requires as complete as possible list of genes responsive to estrogen. Our study develops a systems biology methodology using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model to identify estrogen responsive genes. These genes, on the other hand, could be affected by estrogen therapy in ESCC. Results Based on different sources of information we identified 418 genes implicated in ESCC. Putative estrogen responsive elements (EREs) mapped to the promoter region of the ESCC genes were used to initially identify candidate estrogen responsive genes. EREs mapped to the promoter sequence of 30.62% (128/418) of ESCC genes of which 43.75% (56/128) are known to be estrogen responsive, while 56.25% (72/128) are new candidate estrogen responsive genes. EREs did not map to 290 ESCC genes. Of these 290 genes, 50.34% (146/290) are known to be estrogen responsive. By analyzing transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in the promoters of the 202 (56+146) known estrogen responsive ESCC genes under study, we found that their regulatory potential may be characterized by 44 significantly over-represented co-localized TFBSs (cTFBSs). We were able to map these cTFBSs to promoters of 32 of the 72 new candidate estrogen responsive ESCC genes, thereby increasing confidence that these 32 ESCC genes are responsive to estrogen since their promoters contain both: a/mapped EREs, and b/at least four cTFBSs characteristic of ESCC genes that are responsive to estrogen. Recent publications confirm that 47% (15/32) of these 32 predicted genes are indeed responsive to estrogen. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge our study is the first to use a cancer disease model as the framework to identify hormone responsive genes. Although we used ESCC as the disease model and estrogen as the hormone, the methodology can be extended analogously to other diseases as the model and other hormones. We believe that our results provide useful information for those interested in genes responsive to hormones and in the design of hormone-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Aestivation is a survival strategy used by many vertebrates and invertebrates to endure arid environmental conditions. Key features of aestivation include strong metabolic rate suppression, strategies to retain body water, conservation of energy and body fuel reserves, altered nitrogen metabolism, and mechanisms to preserve and stabilize organs, cells and macromolecules over many weeks or months of dormancy. Cell signaling is crucial to achieving both a hypometabolic state and reorganizing multiple metabolic pathways to optimize long-term viability during aestivation. This commentary examines the current knowledge about cell signaling pathways that participate in regulating aestivation, including signaling cascades mediated by the AMP-activated kinase, Akt, ERK, and FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6.
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Abstract
COPD is a worldwide public health problem that reduces the quality of life. The exact pathways by which CS and other environmental toxins produce COPD are not known. Currently, the leading candidates are (1) the protease-antiprotease hypothesis, (2) the Dutch hypothesis, (3) the British hypothesis, and the (4) autoimmunity hypothesis. Given the heterogeneity of the disease (and phenotypes), it is probably unrealistic that one pathway will fully explain COPD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tam
- Department of Medicine, The UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart and Lung Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Verma MK, Miki Y, Sasano H. Sex steroid receptors in human lung diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:216-22. [PMID: 21856418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have reported that gender differences exist in clinical and biological manifestations of human lung diseases. In particular, women are far more likely to develop both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases than men. This gender difference above suggests that sex steroid may be involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. These sex steroids mediate their effects through sex steroid receptors including estrogen receptors (ER) i.e. ERα and ERβ progesterone receptors (PR) i.e. PR-A and PR-B and androgen receptors (ARs), all of which have been reported to be expressed in lung tissue. Therefore it becomes important to clarify the potential roles of sex steroid receptor in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases toward improved treatment options for the patients. In this review, we summarized a number of studies in humans and experimental animals that have identified possible roles of sex steroids in respiratory physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit K Verma
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi-ken, Japan
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Choi YH, Lee SN, Aoyagi H, Yamasaki Y, Yoo JY, Park B, Shin DM, Yoon HG, Yoon JH. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase/ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 cascade phosphorylates cAMP response element-binding protein to induce MUC5B gene expression via D-prostanoid receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34199-214. [PMID: 21832046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.247684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is a prominent feature of respiratory diseases, and MUC5B is a major airway mucin. Mucin gene expression can be affected by inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin (PG) D(2,) an inflammatory mediator synthesized by hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS). PGD(2) binds to either D-prostanoid receptor (DP1) or chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on T-helper type 2 cells (CRTH2). We investigated the mechanisms by which PGD(2) induces MUC5B gene expression in airway epithelial cells. Western blot analysis showed that H-PGDS was highly expressed in nasal polyps. Similar results were obtained for PGD(2) expression. In addition, we could clearly detect the expressions of both H-PGDS and DP1 in nasal epithelial cells but not CRTH2. We demonstrated that PGD(2) increased MUC5B gene expression in normal human nasal epithelial cells as well as in NCI-H292 cells in vitro. S5751, a DP1 antagonist, inhibited PGD(2)-induced MUC5B expression, whereas a CRTH2 antagonist (OC0459) did not. These data suggest that PGD(2) induced MUC5B expression via DP1. Pretreatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (PD98059) blocked both PGD(2)-induced ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and MUC5B expression. Proximity ligation assays showed direct interaction between RSK1 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Stimulation with PGD(2) caused an increase in intracellular cAMP levels, whereas intracellular Ca(2+) did not have such an effect. PGD(2)-induced MUC5B mRNA levels were regulated by CREB via direct interaction with two cAMP-response element sites (-921/-914 and -900/-893). Finally, we demonstrated that PGD(2) can induce MUC5B overproduction via ERK MAPK/RSK1/CREB signaling and that DP1 receptor may have suppressive effects in controlling MUC5B overproduction in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ho Choi
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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