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Fang Q, Bai Y, Hu S, Ding J, Liu L, Dai M, Qiu J, Wu L, Rao X, Wang Y. Unleashing the Potential of Nrf2: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1978. [PMID: 38001831 PMCID: PMC10669195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, characterized by the thickening of all three layers of the blood vessel wall, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Despite the approval of several drugs for PH treatment, their long-term therapeutic effect remains unsatisfactory, as they mainly focus on vasodilation rather than addressing vascular remodeling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of PH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a vital transcription factor that regulates endogenous antioxidant defense and emerges as a novel regulator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Growing evidence has suggested an involvement of Nrf2 and its downstream transcriptional target in the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pharmacologically targeting Nrf2 has demonstrated beneficial effects in various diseases, and several Nrf2 inducers are currently undergoing clinical trials. However, the exact potential and mechanism of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target in PH remain unknown. Thus, this review article aims to comprehensively explore the role and mechanism of Nrf2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with PH. Additionally, we provide a summary of Nrf2 inducers that have shown therapeutic potential in addressing the underlying vascular remodeling processes in PH. Although Nrf2-related therapies hold great promise, further research is necessary before their clinical implementation can be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuiqing Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meiyan Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Gonzales J, Fraidenburg DR. Pharmacology and Emerging Therapies for Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Lung Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:418. [PMID: 36986517 PMCID: PMC10058846 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates chronic lung disease and is associated with high morbidity and poor outcomes. Individuals with interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develop PH due to structural changes associated with the destruction of lung parenchyma and vasculature with concurrent vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling similar to what is observed in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Treatment for PH due to chronic lung disease is largely supportive and therapies specific to PAH have had minimal success in this population with exception of the recently FDA-approved inhaled prostacyclin analogue treprostinil. Given the significant disease burden of PH due to chronic lung diseases and its associated mortality, a great need exists for improved understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to vascular remodeling in this population. This review will discuss the current understanding of pathophysiology and emerging therapeutic targets and potential pharmaceuticals.
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Lai X, Najafi M. Redox Interactions in Chemo/Radiation Therapy-induced Lung Toxicity; Mechanisms and Therapy Perspectives. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1261-1276. [PMID: 35792117 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220705123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung toxicity is a key limiting factor for cancer therapy, especially lung, breast, and esophageal malignancies. Radiotherapy for chest and breast malignancies can cause lung injury. However, systemic cancer therapy with chemotherapy may also induce lung pneumonitis and fibrosis. Radiotherapy produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly via interacting with water molecules within cells. However, radiation and other therapy modalities may induce the endogenous generation of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) by immune cells and some nonimmune cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. There are several ROS generating enzymes within lung tissue. NADPH Oxidase enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2), and the cellular respiratory system in the mitochondria are the main sources of ROS production following exposure of the lung to anticancer agents. Furthermore, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has a key role in the generation of NO following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Continuous generation of ROS and NO by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes causes apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence, which lead to the release of inflammatory and pro-fibrosis cytokines. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of redox-induced lung injury following cancer therapy and proposes some targets and perspectives to alleviate lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lai
- The Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Wu WH, Bonnet S, Shimauchi T, Toro V, Grobs Y, Romanet C, Bourgeois A, Vitry G, Omura J, Tremblay E, Nadeau V, Orcholski M, Breuils-Bonnet S, Martineau S, Ferraro P, Potus F, Paulin R, Provencher S, Boucherat O. Potential for inhibition of checkpoint kinases 1/2 in pulmonary fibrosis and secondary pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 2021; 77:247-258. [PMID: 34226205 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterised by exuberant tissue remodelling and associated with high unmet medical needs. Outcomes are even worse when IPF results in secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH). Importantly, exaggerated resistance to cell death, excessive proliferation and enhanced synthetic capacity are key endophenotypes of both fibroblasts and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, suggesting shared molecular pathways. Under persistent injury, sustained activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) is integral to the preservation of cells survival and their capacity to proliferate. Checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 (CHK1/2) are key components of the DDR. The objective of this study was to assess the role of CHK1/2 in the development and progression of IPF and IPF+PH. METHODS AND RESULTS Increased expression of DNA damage markers and CHK1/2 were observed in lungs, remodelled pulmonary arteries and isolated fibroblasts from IPF patients and animal models. Blockade of CHK1/2 expression or activity-induced DNA damage overload and reverted the apoptosis-resistant and fibroproliferative phenotype of disease cells. Moreover, inhibition of CHK1/2 was sufficient to interfere with transforming growth factor beta 1-mediated fibroblast activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CHK1/2 using LY2606368 attenuated fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodelling leading to improvement in respiratory mechanics and haemodynamic parameters in two animal models mimicking IPF and IPF+PH. CONCLUSION This study identifies CHK1/2 as key regulators of lung fibrosis and provides a proof of principle for CHK1/2 inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic option for IPF and IPF+PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria Toro
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yann Grobs
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlotte Romanet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alice Bourgeois
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geraldine Vitry
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Junichi Omura
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eve Tremblay
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valerie Nadeau
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Orcholski
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Martineau
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pasquale Ferraro
- Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Rajagopal K, Bryant AJ, Sahay S, Wareing N, Zhou Y, Pandit LM, Karmouty-Quintana H. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: Heracles meets the Hydra. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:172-186. [PMID: 32128790 PMCID: PMC7910027 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease where the additional presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) reduces survival. In particular, the presence of coexistent pulmonary vascular disease in patients with advanced lung parenchymal disease results in worse outcomes than either diagnosis alone. This is true with respect to the natural histories of these diseases, outcomes with medical therapies, and even outcomes following lung transplantation. Consequently, there is a striking need for improved treatments for PH in the setting of IPF. In this review, we summarize existing therapies from the perspective of molecular mechanisms underlying lung fibrosis and vasoconstriction/vascular remodelling and discuss potential future targets for pharmacotherapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Rajagopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew J. Bryant
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sandeep Sahay
- Houston Methodist Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy Wareing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Zhou
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lavannya M. Pandit
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine–Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Abstract
Chemotherapy, alone or in association with radiation therapy, has represented the cornerstone of cancer treatment for decades. However, in the last several years, an unprecedented progress in the understanding of cancer biology and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets have led to a paradigm shift in the management of patients with neoplastic diseases. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, among others, has been associated with prolonged survival in many forms of cancer. A common feature of both chemotherapy and novel cancer treatments is the frequent occurrence of vascular toxicity, mainly mediated by injury to the endothelium. While the mechanisms may vary between agents, the clinical manifestations may overlap and range from hypertension, vasospastic and thrombotic arterial events (myocardial ischemia and infarction, peripheral ischemia, and limb gangrene), venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) to capillary leak syndrome. Therefore, the effective management of patients with cancer requires a multidisciplinary team approach in which oncologist and cardiovascular medicine specialists work together to prevent, detect, and minimize acute vascular toxicity and long-term consequences of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Campia
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Mai N, Miller-Rhodes K, Prifti V, Kim M, O'Reilly MA, Halterman MW. Lung-Derived SOD3 Attenuates Neurovascular Injury After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011801. [PMID: 31030600 PMCID: PMC6512081 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic innate immune priming is a recognized sequela of post‐ischemic neuroinflammation and contributor to delayed neurodegeneration. Given mounting evidence linking acute stroke with reactive lung inflammation, we asked whether enhanced expression of the endogenous antioxidant extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) produced by alveolar type II pneumocytes would protect the lung from transient global cerebral ischemia and the brain from the delayed effects of ischemia‐reperfusion. Methods and Results Following 15 minutes of global cerebral ischemia or sham conditions, transgenic SOD3 and wild‐type mice were followed daily for changes in weight, core temperature, and neurological function. Three days after reperfusion, arterial and venous samples were collected for complete blood counts, flow cytometry, and SOD3 protein blotting, and immunohistochemistry was performed on lung and brain tissue to assess tissue injury, blood‐brain barrier permeability, and neutrophil transmigration. Relative to ischemic controls, transgenic SOD3 mice performed better on functional testing and exhibited reduced peripheral neutrophil activation, lung inflammation, and blood‐brain barrier leak. Once released from the lung, SOD3 was predominantly not cell associated and depleted in the venous phase of circulation. Conclusions In addition to reducing the local inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia, targeted enrichment of SOD3 within the lung confers distal neuroprotection against ischemia‐reperfusion injury. These data suggest that therapies geared toward enhancing adaptive lung‐neurovascular coupling may improve outcomes following acute stroke and cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- 2 Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY.,5 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY
| | - Kathleen Miller-Rhodes
- 2 Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY.,5 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY
| | - Viollandi Prifti
- 5 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY
| | - Minsoo Kim
- 3 Department of Microbiology & Immunology School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- 4 Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY
| | - Marc W Halterman
- 1 Department of Neurology School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY.,2 Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY.,4 Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY.,5 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Rochester NY
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Ohlstrom D, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Garcia AM, Allawzi A, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov CC, Nozik-Grayck E. MicroRNA regulation postbleomycin due to the R213G extracellular superoxide dismutase variant is predicted to suppress inflammatory and immune pathways. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:245-254. [PMID: 32421439 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00116.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the development of dysregulated inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI). A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism in the key extracellular antioxidant enzyme, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), results in an arginine to glycine substitution (R213G) that promotes resolution of inflammation and protection against bleomycin-induced ALI. Previously we found that mice harboring the R213G mutation in EC-SOD exhibit a transcriptomic profile consistent with a striking suppression of inflammatory and immune pathways 7 days postbleomycin. However, the alterations in noncoding regulatory RNAs in wild-type (WT) and R213G EC-SOD lungs have not been examined. Therefore, we used next-generation microRNA (miR) Sequencing of lung tissue to identify dysregulated miRs 7 days after bleomycin in WT and R213G mice. Differential expression analysis identified 92 WT and 235 R213G miRs uniquely dysregulated in their respective genotypes. Subsequent pathway analysis identified that these miRs were predicted to regulate approximately half of the differentially expressed genes previously identified. The gene targets of these altered miRs indicate suppression of immune and inflammatory pathways in the R213G mice versus activation of these pathways in WT mice. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) signaling was identified as the inflammatory pathway with the most striking difference between WT and R213G lungs. miR-486b-3p was identified as the most dysregulated miR predicted to regulate the TREM1 pathway. We validated the increase in TREM1 signaling using miR-486b-3p antagomir transfection. These findings indicate that differential miR regulation is predicted to regulate the inflammatory gene profile, contributing to the protection against ALI in R213G mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Ohlstrom
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
| | - Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
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Mai N, Prifti V, Lim K, O'Reilly MA, Kim M, Halterman MW. Lung SOD3 limits neurovascular reperfusion injury and systemic immune activation following transient global cerebral ischemia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104942. [PMID: 32807413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies implicate the lung in moderating systemic immune activation via effects on circulating leukocytes. In this study, we investigated whether targeted expression of the antioxidant extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) within the lung would influence post-ischemic peripheral neutrophil activation and CNS reperfusion injury. METHODS Adult, male mice expressing human SOD3 within type II pneumocytes were subjected to 15 min of transient global cerebral ischemia. Three days post-reperfusion, lung and brain tissue was collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for inflammation and injury markers. In vitro motility and neurotoxicity assays were conducted to ascertain the direct effects of hSOD3 on PMN activation. Results were compared against C57BL/6 age and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Relative to wild-type controls, hSOD3 heterozygous mice exhibited a reduction in lung inflammation, blood-brain barrier damage, and post-ischemic neuronal injury within the hippocampus and cortex. PMNs harvested from hSOD3 mice were also resistant to LPS priming, slower-moving, and less toxic to primary neuronal cultures. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive, focal expression of hSOD3 is neuroprotective in a model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The underlying mechanism of SOD3-dependent protection is attributable in part to effects on the activation state and toxic potential of circulating neutrophils. These results implicate lung-brain coupling as a determinant of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and highlight post-stroke lung inflammation as a potential therapeutic target in acute ischemic cerebrovascular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642 United States
| | - Viollandi Prifti
- Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642 United States
| | - Kihong Lim
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642 United States
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642 United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642 United States
| | - Marc W Halterman
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642 United States; Departments of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642 United States.
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10
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Campia U, Moslehi JJ, Amiri-Kordestani L, Barac A, Beckman JA, Chism DD, Cohen P, Groarke JD, Herrmann J, Reilly CM, Weintraub NL. Cardio-Oncology: Vascular and Metabolic Perspectives: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e579-e602. [PMID: 30786722 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardio-oncology has organically developed as a new discipline within cardiovascular medicine as a result of the cardiac and vascular adverse sequelae of the major advances in cancer treatment. Patients with cancer and cancer survivors are at increased risk of vascular disease for a number of reasons. First, many new cancer therapies, including several targeted therapies, are associated with vascular and metabolic complications. Second, cancer itself serves as a risk factor for vascular disease, especially by increasing the risk for thromboembolic events. Finally, recent data suggest that common modifiable and genetic risk factors predispose to both malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Vascular complications in patients with cancer represent a new challenge for the clinician and a new frontier for research and investigation. Indeed, vascular sequelae of novel targeted therapies may provide insights into vascular signaling in humans. Clinically, emerging challenges are best addressed by a multidisciplinary approach in which cardiovascular medicine specialists and vascular biologists work closely with oncologists in the care of patients with cancer and cancer survivors. This novel approach realizes the goal of providing superior care through the creation of cardio-oncology consultative services and the training of a new generation of cardiovascular specialists with a broad understanding of cancer treatments.
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Abstract
The introduction of targeted agents into modern cancer therapy pursued the goal of molecularly more specific, and thereby more effective and safer, therapies. Paradoxically, however, several toxicities were brought to greater attention, among these not only cardiac but also vascular toxicities. The latter reach far beyond venous thromboembolism and include a broad spectrum of presentations based on the vascular territories and pathomechanisms involved, including abnormal vascular reactivity, acute thrombosis, or accelerated atherosclerosis. This article provides an overview of the most common presentations and their management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
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12
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Allawzi A, Elajaili H, Redente EF, Nozik-Grayck E. Oxidative Toxicology of Bleomycin: Role of the Extracellular Redox Environment. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019; 13:68-73. [PMID: 31289762 PMCID: PMC6615752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin is a commonly used cancer therapeutic that is associated with oxidative stress leading to pulmonary toxicity. Bleomycin has been used in animal studies to model pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary hypertension secondary to interstitial lung disease. The toxicity with bleomycin is initiated by direct oxidative damage, which then leads to subsequent inflammation and fibrosis mediated by generation of both extracellular ROS and intracellular ROS. While most studies focus on the intracellular ROS implicated in TGFβ signaling and fibrosis, the changes in the extracellular redox environment, particularly with the initiation of early inflammation, is also critical to the pathogenesis of bleomycin induced injury and fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the role of extracellular redox environment in bleomycin toxicity, with attention to the generation of extracellular ROS, alterations in the redox state of extracellular thiols, and the central role of the extracellular isoform of superoxide dismutase in the development of bleomycin induced injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Allawzi
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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13
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Elajaili HB, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Ranguelova K, Dikalov S, Nozik-Grayck E. Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biological Samples at Ambient Temperature and 77 K. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30688300 DOI: 10.3791/58461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate and specific detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cellular and tissue compartments is essential to the study of redox-regulated signaling in biological settings. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is the only direct method to assess free radicals unambiguously. Its advantage is that it detects physiologic levels of specific species with a high specificity, but it does require specialized technology, careful sample preparation, and appropriate controls to ensure accurate interpretation of the data. Cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes react selectively with superoxide or other radicals to generate a nitroxide signal that can be quantified by EPR spectroscopy. Cell-permeable spin probes and spin probes designed to accumulate rapidly in the mitochondria allow for the determination of superoxide concentration in different cellular compartments. In cultured cells, the use of cell permeable 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH) along with and without cell-impermeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) pretreatment, or use of cell-permeable PEG-SOD, allows for the differentiation of extracellular from cytosolic superoxide. The mitochondrial 1-hydroxy-4-[2-triphenylphosphonio)-acetamido]-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-[2-(triphenylphosphonio)acetamido] piperidinium dichloride (mito-TEMPO-H) allows for measurement of mitochondrial ROS (predominantly superoxide). Spin probes and EPR spectroscopy can also be applied to in vivo models. Superoxide can be detected in extracellular fluids such as blood and alveolar fluid, as well as tissues such as lung tissue. Several methods are presented to process and store tissue for EPR measurements and deliver intravenous 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CPH) spin probe in vivo. While measurements can be performed at room temperature, samples obtained from in vitro and in vivo models can also be stored at -80 °C and analyzed by EPR at 77 K. The samples can be stored in specialized tubing stable at -80 °C and run at 77 K to enable a practical, efficient, and reproducible method that facilitates storing and transferring samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Elajaili
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Sergey Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus;
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14
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Rashid J, Nozik-Grayck E, McMurtry IF, Stenmark KR, Ahsan F. Inhaled combination of sildenafil and rosiglitazone improves pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac function, and arterial remodeling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L119-L130. [PMID: 30307312 PMCID: PMC6383494 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00381.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, dual- or triple-drug combinations comprising different vasodilators are the mainstay for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the patient outcome continues to be disappointing because the existing combination therapy cannot restrain progression of the disease. Previously, we have shown that when given as a monotherapy, long-acting inhaled formulations of sildenafil (a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) and rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator receptor-γ agonist) ameliorate PAH in rats. Thus, with a goal to develop a new combination therapy, we prepared and characterized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based long-acting inhalable particles of sildenafil and rosiglitazone. We then assessed the efficacy of the combinations of sildenafil and rosiglitazone, given in plain forms or as PLGA particles, in reducing mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and improving pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in Sugen 5416 plus hypoxia-induced PAH rats. After intratracheal administration of the formulations, we catheterized the rats and measured mPAP, cardiac output, total pulmonary resistance, and RVH. We also conducted morphometric studies using lung tissue samples and assessed the degree of muscularization, the arterial medial wall thickening, and the extent of collagen deposition. Compared with the plain drugs, given via the pulmonary or oral route as a single or dual combination, PLGA particles of the drugs, although given at a longer dosing interval compared with the plain drugs, caused more pronounced reduction in mPAP without affecting mean systemic pressure, improved cardiac function, slowed down right heart remodeling, and reduced arterial muscularization. Overall, PLGA particles of sildenafil and rosiglitazone, given as an inhaled combination, could be a viable alternative to currently available vasodilator-based combination therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
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15
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Zelko IN, Zhu J, Roman J. Role of SOD3 in silica-related lung fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Respir Res 2018; 19:221. [PMID: 30453980 PMCID: PMC6245633 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-place exposure to silica dust may lead to progressive lung inflammation culminating in the development of silicosis, an irreversible condition that can be complicated by onset of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The molecular mechanisms leading to the development of PH and lung fibrosis in response to silica are not well understood. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the lung may promote fibroproliferation and vascular smooth muscle proliferation, ultimately leading to the development of PH. Herein, we analyze the development of PH and lung fibrosis in mice deficient in extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), an enzyme with anti-oxidant activity. METHODS PH and silicosis were induced in wild-type and Sod3-/- mice through intratracheal injection of crystalline silica at dose 0.4 g/kg. Pulmonary hypertension and lung fibrosis were characterized by changes in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and collagen deposition 28 days following silica injections. Vascular remodeling was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. The expression of genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS C57BL6 mice exposed to silica showed attenuated expression of Sod3 in the lung suggesting a protective role for Sod3. Consistent with this, Sod3-/- mice developed more severe fibrotic inflammatory nodules with increased collagen deposition. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in tissue remodeling (Timp1), fibrotic lesion formation (Fsp1) and inflammatory response (Mcp1) were significantly elevated in Sod3-/- mice compared to Sod3+/+ mice treated with silica. Infiltration of neutrophils and activated macrophages into affected lung was significantly higher in Sod3 deficient mice. In addition, silica produced more profound effects on elevation of RVSP in Sod3-/- compared to wild-type littermate. Increase in RVSP was concomitant with hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries located in silicotic nodules of both mouse strains, however, vascular remodeling in unaffected areas of lung was detected only in Sod3-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Sod3 and extracellular oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of pneumoconiosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling following exposure to environmental and occupational silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Zelko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Jianxin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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16
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Garcia AM, Allawzi A, Tatman P, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Swain K, Mouradian G, Bowler R, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov CC, Nozik-Grayck E. R213G polymorphism in SOD3 protects against bleomycin-induced inflammation and attenuates induction of proinflammatory pathways. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:807-816. [PMID: 30004839 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00053.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), one of three mammalian SOD isoforms, is the sole extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide. A known human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix-binding domain of EC-SOD characterized by an arginine-to-glycine substitution at position 213 (R213G) redistributes EC-SOD from the matrix into extracellular fluids. We previously reported that knock-in mice harboring the human R213G SNP (R213G mice) exhibited enhanced resolution of inflammation with subsequent protection against fibrosis following bleomycin treatment compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Herein we set out to determine the underlying pathways with RNA-Seq analysis of WT and R213G lungs 7 days post-PBS and bleomycin. RNA-Seq analysis uncovered significant differential gene expression changes induced in WT and R213G strains in response to bleomycin. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to predict differentially regulated up- and downstream processes based on transcriptional changes. Most prominent was the induction of inflammatory and immune responses in WT mice, which were suppressed in the R213G mice. Specifically, PKC signaling in T lymphocytes, IL-6, and NFΚB signaling were opposed in WT mice when compared with R213G. Several upstream regulators such as IFNγ, IRF3, and IKBKG were implicated in the divergent responses between WT and R213G mice. Our data suggest that the redistributed EC-SOD due to the R213G SNP attenuates the dysregulated inflammatory responses observed in WT mice. We speculate that redistributed EC-SOD protects against dysregulated alveolar inflammation via reprogramming of recruited immune cells toward a proresolving state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Philip Tatman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kalin Swain
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gary Mouradian
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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17
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Mertens TCJ, Hanmandlu A, Tu L, Phan C, Collum SD, Chen NY, Weng T, Davies J, Liu C, Eltzschig HK, Jyothula SSK, Rajagopal K, Xia Y, Guha A, Bruckner BA, Blackburn MR, Guignabert C, Karmouty-Quintana H. Switching-Off Adora2b in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Halts the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:555. [PMID: 29910735 PMCID: PMC5992271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating and progressive disease characterized by excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and remodeling of the lung vasculature. Adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B receptor has previously been implicated in disease progression and tissue remodeling in chronic lung disease. In experimental models of PH associated with chronic lung injury, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ADORA2B improved markers of chronic lung injury and hallmarks of PH. However, the contribution of ADORA2B expression in the PASMC was not fully evaluated. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B receptor in PASMC mediates the development of PH. Methods: PASMCs from controls and patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) were characterized for expression levels of all adenosine receptors. Next, we evaluated the development of PH in ADORA2Bf/f-Transgelin (Tagln)cre mice. These mice or adequate controls were exposed to a combination of SUGEN (SU5416, 20 mg/kg/b.w. IP) and hypoxia (10% O2) for 28 days (HX-SU) or to chronic low doses of bleomycin (BLM, 0.035U/kg/b.w. IP). Cardiovascular readouts including right ventricle systolic pressures (RVSPs), Fulton indices and vascular remodeling were determined. Using PASMCs we identified ADORA2B-dependent mediators involved in vascular remodeling. These mediators: IL-6, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and tissue transglutaminase (Tgm2) were determined by RT-PCR and validated in our HX-SU and BLM models. Results: Increased levels of ADORA2B were observed in PASMC from iPAH patients. ADORA2Bf/f-Taglncre mice were protected from the development of PH following HX-SU or BLM exposure. In the BLM model of PH, ADORA2Bf/f- Taglncre mice were not protected from the development of fibrosis. Increased expression of IL-6, HAS2 and Tgm2 was observed in PASMC in an ADORA2B-dependent manner. These mediators were also reduced in ADORA2Bf/f- Taglncre mice exposed to HX-SU or BLM. Conclusions: Our studies revealed ADORA2B-dependent increased levels of IL-6, hyaluronan and Tgm2 in PASMC, consistent with reduced levels in ADORA2Bf/f- Taglncre mice exposed to HX-SU or BLM. Taken together, our data indicates that ADORA2B on PASMC mediates the development of PH through the induction of IL-6, hyaluronan and Tgm2. These studies point at ADORA2B as a therapeutic target to treat PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ankit Hanmandlu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ly Tu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Carole Phan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Scott D Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Soma S K Jyothula
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keshava Rajagopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashrith Guha
- Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian A Bruckner
- Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Rashid J, Nahar K, Raut S, Keshavarz A, Ahsan F. Fasudil and DETA NONOate, Loaded in a Peptide-Modified Liposomal Carrier, Slow PAH Progression upon Pulmonary Delivery. Mol Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29528655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of a combination therapy comprising fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and DETA NONOate (diethylenetriamine NONOate, DN), a long-acting nitric oxide donor, both loaded in liposomes modified with a homing peptide, CAR (CARSKNKDC), in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We first prepared and characterized unmodified and CAR-modified liposomes of fasudil and DN. Using individual drugs alone or a mixture of fasudil and DN as controls, we studied the efficacy of the two liposomal preparations in reducing mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in monocrotaline (MCT) and SUGEN-hypoxia-induced PAH rats. We also conducted morphometric studies (degree of muscularization, arterial medial wall thickness, and collagen deposition) after treating the PAH rats with test and control formulations. When the rats were treated acutely and chronically, the reduction in mPAP was more pronounced in the liposomal formulation-treated rats than in plain drug-treated rats. CAR-modified liposomes were more selective in reducing mPAP than unmodified liposomes of the drugs. Both drugs, formulated in CAR-modified liposomes, reduced the degree of muscularization, medial arterial wall thickness, and collagen deposition more than the combination of plain drugs did. As seen with the in vivo data, CAR-modified liposomes of fasudil or DN increased the levels of the vasodilatory signaling molecule, cGMP, in the smooth muscle cells of PAH-afflicted human pulmonary arteries. Overall, fasudil and DN, formulated in liposomes, could be used as a combination therapy for a better management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Snehal Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
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Sherlock LG, Trumpie A, Hernandez-Lagunas L, McKenna S, Fisher S, Bowler R, Wright CJ, Delaney C, Nozik-Grayck E. Redistribution of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Causes Neonatal Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and PH but Protects Against Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7030042. [PMID: 29538340 PMCID: PMC5874528 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), (R213G), in extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), decreases SOD3 matrix binding affinity. Humans and mature mice expressing the R213G SNP exhibit increased cardiovascular disease but decreased lung disease. The impact of this SNP on the neonatal lung at baseline or with injury is unknown. METHODS Wild type and homozygous R213G mice were injected with intraperitoneal bleomycin or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) three times weekly for three weeks and tissue harvested at 22 days of life. Vascular and alveolar development were evaluated by morphometric analysis and immunostaining of lung sections. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was assessed by right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Lung protein expression for superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, catalase, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-1) was evaluated by western blot. SOD activity and SOD3 expression were measured in serum. RESULTS In R213G mice, SOD3 lung protein expression decreased, serum SOD3 protein expression and SOD serum activity increased compared to wild type (WT) mice. Under control conditions, R213G mice developed pulmonary vascular remodeling (decreased vessel density and increased medial wall thickness) and PH; alveolar development was similar between strains. After bleomycin injury, in contrast to WT, R213G mice were protected from impaired alveolar development and their vascular abnormalities and PH did not worsen. Bleomycin decreased VEGFR2 and GTPCH-1 only in WT mice. CONCLUSION R213G neonatal mice demonstrate impaired vascular development and PH at baseline without alveolar simplification, yet are protected from bleomycin induced lung injury and worsening of pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH. These results show that vessel bound SOD3 is essential in normal pulmonary vascular development, and increased serum SOD3 expression and SOD activity prevent lung injury in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Sherlock
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Ashley Trumpie
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Sarah McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Susan Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Cassidy Delaney
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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20
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Mouradian GC, Gaurav R, Pugliese S, El Kasmi K, Hartman B, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Stenmark KR, Bowler RP, Nozik-Grayck E. Superoxide Dismutase 3 R213G Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Blocks Murine Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis and Promotes Resolution of Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:362-371. [PMID: 27805412 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0153oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) contributes to inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases. The human SOD3 R213G polymorphism decreases matrix binding, redistributing SOD3 from the lung to extracellular fluids, and protects against LPS-induced alveolar inflammation. We used R213G mice expressing a naturally occurring single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs1799895, within the heparin-binding domain of SOD3, which results in an amino acid substitution at position 213 to test the hypothesis that the redistribution of SOD3 into the extracellular fluids would impart protection against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH). In R213G mice, SOD3 content and activity was increased in extracellular fluids and decreased in lung at baseline, with greater increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) SOD3 compared with wild-type mice 3 days after bleomycin. R213G mice developed less fibrosis based on pulmonary mechanics, fibrosis scoring, collagen quantification, and gene expression at 21 days, and less PH by right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary arteriole medial wall thickening at 28 days. In wild-type mice, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, proinflammatory cytokines, and protein increased in BALF on Day 7 and/or 21. In R213G mice, total BALF cell counts increased on Day 7 but resolved by 21 days. At 1 or 3 days, BALF pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines and BALF protein were higher in R213G mice, resolving by 21 days. We conclude that the redistribution of SOD3 as a result of the R213G single-nucleotide polymorphism protects mice from bleomycin-induced fibrosis and secondary PH by improved resolution of alveolar inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Mouradian
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Steve Pugliese
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Karim El Kasmi
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Brittany Hartman
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Russell P Bowler
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
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21
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Willems MGM, Kemp MW, Fast LA, Wagemaker NMM, Janssen LEW, Newnham JP, Payne MS, Spiller OB, Kallapur SG, Jobe AH, Delhaas T, Kramer BW, Wolfs TGAM. Pulmonary vascular changes in extremely preterm sheep after intra-amniotic exposure to Ureaplasma parvum and lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180114. [PMID: 28666032 PMCID: PMC5493356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chorioamnionitis can induce pulmonary inflammation and promote bronchopulmonary dysplasia development, distinguished by alveolar simplification and impaired vascular growth. Chorioamnionitis is more common during the extremely preterm canalicular lung stage (crucial for vascular development); and increases the risk for subsequent sepsis. We hypothesized that single/combined exposure to chronic and/or acute inflammation induces pulmonary inflammatory responses and vascular changes. Methods Ovine fetuses were intra-amniotically exposed to chronic Ureaplasma parvum (UP) at 24 days (d) before extreme preterm delivery at 94d (term 147d) and/or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 7 or 2d before delivery. Pulmonary inflammation, vascular remodeling and angiogenic factors were assessed. Results LPS exposure increased CD3-positive and myeloperoxidase-positive cells. Combined UP-LPS exposure increased pulmonary inflammation compared with 2d LPS or UP groups. The UP+2d LPS group had an increased adventitial fibrosis score when compared with UP-treated animals. A reduced wall-to-lumen ratio was found in the 7d LPS animals when compared to the 2d LPS-treated animals. Exposure to UP+2d LPS reduced VEGF and VEGFR-2 levels compared with 2d LPS-treated animals. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie-2) levels were decreased after UP+7d LPS as well as after 7d LPS, but not with UP alone. Conclusion Chronic UP and subsequent LPS exposure increased pulmonary inflammation and decreased expression of angiogenic growth factors and receptors when compared to single hit-exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique G. M. Willems
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew W. Kemp
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laura A. Fast
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick M. M. Wagemaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon E. W. Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matt S. Payne
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Owen B. Spiller
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Suhas G. Kallapur
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, Unites States of America
| | - Alan H. Jobe
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, Unites States of America
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Boris W. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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22
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Gupta N, Rashid J, Nozik-Grayck E, McMurtry IF, Stenmark KR, Ahsan F. Cocktail of Superoxide Dismutase and Fasudil Encapsulated in Targeted Liposomes Slows PAH Progression at a Reduced Dosing Frequency. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:830-841. [PMID: 28165252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently, two or more pulmonary vasodilators are used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but conventional vasodilators alone cannot reverse disease progression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a combination therapy comprising a vasodilator plus a therapeutic agent that slows pulmonary arterial remodeling and right heart hypertrophy is an efficacious alternative to current vasodilator-based PAH therapy. Thus, we encapsulated a cocktail of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide scavenger, and fasudil, a specific rho-kinase inhibitor, into a liposomal formulation equipped with a homing peptide, CAR. We evaluated the effect of the formulations on pulmonary hemodynamics in monocrotaline-induced PAH rats (MCT-induced PAH) and assessed the formulation's efficacy in slowing the disease progression in Sugen-5416/hypoxia-induced PAH rats (SU/hypoxia-induced PAH). For acute studies, we monitored both mean pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures (mPAP and mSAP) for 2 to 6 h after a single dose of the plain drugs or formulations. In chronic studies, PAH rats received plain drugs every 48 h and the formulations every 72 h for 21 days. In MCT-induced PAH rats, CAR-modified liposomes containing fasudil plus SOD elicited a more pronounced, prolonged, and selective reduction in mPAP than unmodified liposomes and plain drugs did. In SU/hypoxia-induced PAH rats, the formulation produced a >50% reduction in mPAP and slowed right ventricular hypertrophy. When compared with individual plain drugs or combination, CAR-modified-liposomes containing both drugs reduced the extent of collagen deposition, muscularization of arteries, increased SOD levels in the lungs, and decreased the expression of pSTAT-3 and p-MYPT1. Overall, CAR-modified-liposomes of SOD plus fasudil, given every 72 h, was as efficacious as plain drugs, given every 48 h, suggesting that the formulation can reduce the total drug intake, systemic exposures, and dosing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Jahidur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine and the Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
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Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Current and Future Perspectives. Can Respir J 2017; 2017:1430350. [PMID: 28286407 PMCID: PMC5327768 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1430350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly present in patients with chronic lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) where it is classified as Group III PH by the World Health Organization (WHO). PH has been identified to be present in as much as 40% of patients with COPD or IPF and it is considered as one of the principal predictors of mortality in patients with COPD or IPF. However, despite the prevalence and fatal consequences of PH in the setting of chronic lung diseases, there are limited therapies available for patients with Group III PH, with lung transplantation remaining as the most viable option. This highlights our need to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of Group III PH. In this review we have chosen to focus on the current understating of PH in IPF, we will revisit the main mediators that have been shown to play a role in the development of the disease. We will also discuss the experimental models available to study PH associated with lung fibrosis and address the role of the right ventricle in IPF. Finally we will summarize the current available treatment options for Group III PH outside of lung transplantation.
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Redox Regulation of the Superoxide Dismutases SOD3 and SOD2 in the Pulmonary Circulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:57-70. [PMID: 29047081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
When evaluating the role of redox-regulating signaling in pulmonary vascular diseases, it is intriguing to consider the modulation of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) because SOD isoforms are regulated by redox reactions, and, in turn, modulate downstream redox sensitive processes. The emerging field of redox biology is built upon understanding the regulation and consequences of tightly controlled and specific reduction-oxidation reactions that are critical for diverse cellular processes including cell signaling. Of relevance, both the site of production of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the site of the antioxidant defenses are highly compartmentalized within the cell. For example, superoxide is generated during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria as well as by a number of enzymatic sources within the cytosol and at the cell membrane. In the pulmonary circulation, these sources include the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases (NOX1-4, Duox1,2), nitric oxide synthases, and xanthine oxidase; this important topic has been thoroughly reviewed recently [1]. In parallel with these different cellular sites of superoxide production, the three SOD isoforms are also specifically localized to the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2) or extracellular compartment (SOD3). This chapter focuses on the role of redox mechanisms regulating SOD2 and SOD3, with an emphasis on these processes in the setting of pulmonary hypertension.
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25
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Herrmann J, Yang EH, Iliescu CA, Cilingiroglu M, Charitakis K, Hakeem A, Toutouzas K, Leesar MA, Grines CL, Marmagkiolis K. Vascular Toxicities of Cancer Therapies: The Old and the New--An Evolving Avenue. Circulation 2016; 133:1272-89. [PMID: 27022039 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.018347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, there has been a steady decline in cancer-related mortality, in part related to the introduction of so-called targeted therapies. Intended to interfere with a specific molecular pathway, these therapies have, paradoxically, led to a number of effects off their intended cancer tissue or molecular targets. The latest examples are tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the Philadelphia Chromosome mutation product, which have been associated with progressive atherosclerosis and acute vascular events. In addition, agents designed to interfere with the vascular growth factor signaling pathway have vascular side effects ranging from hypertension to arterial events and cardiomyocyte toxicity. Interestingly, the risk of cardiotoxicity with drugs such as trastuzumab is predicted by preexisting cardiovascular risk factors and disease, posing the question of a vascular component to the pathophysiology. The effect on the coronary circulation has been the leading explanation for the cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and may be the underlying the mechanism of presentation of apical ballooning syndrome with various chemotherapeutic agents. Classical chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, often used in combination with bleomycin and vinca alkaloids, can lead to vascular events including acute coronary thrombosis and may be associated with an increased long-term cardiovascular risk. This review is intended to provide an update on the evolving spectrum of vascular toxicities with cancer therapeutics, particularly as they pertain to clinical practice, and to the conceptualization of cardiovascular diseases, as well. Vascular toxicity with cancer therapy: the old and the new, an evolving avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Herrmann
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.).
| | - Eric H Yang
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Cezar A Iliescu
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Mehmet Cilingiroglu
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Charitakis
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Abdul Hakeem
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Massoud A Leesar
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Cindy L Grines
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Marmagkiolis
- From Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rochester, MN (J.H.); University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles (E.-H.Y.); University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (C.A.I.); Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR and Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.C.); University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.C.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (A.H.); Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece (K.T.); University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.A.L.); Detroit Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, MI (C.L.G.); and Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, MO and University of Missouri, Columbia (K.M.)
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Nozik-Grayck E, Woods C, Stearman RS, Venkataraman S, Ferguson BS, Swain K, Bowler RP, Geraci MW, Ihida-Stansbury K, Stenmark KR, McKinsey TA, Domann FE. Histone deacetylation contributes to low extracellular superoxide dismutase expression in human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L124-34. [PMID: 27233998 PMCID: PMC4967185 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00263.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, regulate gene expression in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). These mechanisms can modulate expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3 or EC-SOD), a key vascular antioxidant enzyme, and loss of vascular SOD3 worsens outcomes in animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that SOD3 gene expression is decreased in patients with IPAH due to aberrant DNA methylation and/or histone deacetylation. We used lung tissue and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from subjects with IPAH at transplantation and from failed donors (FD). Lung SOD3 mRNA expression and activity was decreased in IPAH vs. FD. In contrast, mitochondrial SOD (Mn-SOD or SOD2) protein expression was unchanged and intracellular SOD activity was unchanged. Using bisulfite sequencing in genomic lung or PASMC DNA, we found the methylation status of the SOD3 promoter was similar between FD and IPAH. Furthermore, treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine did not increase PASMC SOD3 mRNA, suggesting DNA methylation was not responsible for PASMC SOD3 expression. Though total histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, acetylated histones, and acetylated SP1 were similar between IPAH and FD, treatment with two selective class I HDAC inhibitors increased SOD3 only in IPAH PASMC. Class I HDAC3 siRNA also increased SOD3 expression. Trichostatin A, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, decreased proliferation in IPAH, but not in FD PASMC. These data indicate that histone deacetylation, specifically via class I HDAC3, decreases SOD3 expression in PASMC and HDAC inhibitors may protect IPAH in part by increasing PASMC SOD3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Crystal Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert S Stearman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kalin Swain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado
| | - Mark W Geraci
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Kaori Ihida-Stansbury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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SOD3 Ameliorates Aβ 25-35-Induced Oxidative Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells by Inhibiting the Mitochondrial Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:513-525. [PMID: 27272114 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) against amyloid beta (Aβ25-35)-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this beneficial effect. SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing SOD3 were generated by adenoviral vector-mediated infection and Aβ25-35 was then added to the cell culture system to establish an in vitro model of oxidative stress. Cell viability, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, the levels of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes and calcium images were examined. Following Aβ25-35 exposure, SOD3 overexpression promoted the survival of SH-SY5Y cells, decreased the production of ROS, decreased MDA and calcium levels, and decreased cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax gene expression. Furthermore, SOD3 overexpression increased the expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme genes and Bcl-2 expression. Together, our data demonstrate that SOD3 ameliorates Aβ25-35-induced oxidative damage in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway. These data provide new insights into the functional actions of SOD3 on oxidative stress-induced cell damage.
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SOD3 Ameliorates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells by Inhibiting the Mitochondrial Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1818-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, Cheng WH, Bao Y, Ho YS, Reddi AR, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ. Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:307-64. [PMID: 26681794 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongping Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit R Reddi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Possible role of increased oxidative stress in pulmonary hypertension in experimental diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:141-5. [PMID: 26534761 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the causes of respiratory failure in newborns due to lung hypoplasia and pulmonary abnormalities leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH). NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) is a family of isoenzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can contribute to PH-induced vascular dysfunction. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-2 and catalase are the antioxidant enzymes that eliminate the excess of ROS in pulmonary vascular cells. Our aim is to examine whether PH-associated with CDH is due to a dysregulation of ROS production in lungs from CDH fetuses. METHODS Pregnant rats received either 100 mg nitrofen or vehicle on E9.5. Fetuses were recovered on E21. (1) Nox activity, (2) H2O2 production and (3) mRNA levels of Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, SOD1, SOD2 and catalase were analyzed in fetal lungs. RESULTS Nox activity and Nox1 and Nox2 mRNA levels were increased in the lungs of fetuses with CDH. However, there were no changes in H2O2 production and Nox4 mRNA levels. SOD1, SOD2 and catalase were decreased. CONCLUSIONS The raised oxidative stress due to increase in ROS generation by Nox isoenzymes and dysfunction of antioxidant enzymes seems to be a potential mechanism responsible on PH-associated with CDH.
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Delaney C, Wright RH, Tang JR, Woods C, Villegas L, Sherlock L, Savani RC, Abman SH, Nozik-Grayck E. Lack of EC-SOD worsens alveolar and vascular development in a neonatal mouse model of bleomycin-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:634-40. [PMID: 26322414 PMCID: PMC4689645 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) worsens clinical outcomes in former preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Oxidant stress disrupts alveolar and vascular development in models of BPD. Bleomycin causes oxidative stress and induces BPD and PAH in neonatal rats. Disruption in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide signaling pathways contributes to BPD. We hypothesized that loss of EC-SOD would worsen PAH associated with BPD in a neonatal mouse model of bleomycin-induced BPD by disrupting the VEGF/NO signaling pathway. METHODS Neonatal wild-type mice (WT), and mice lacking EC-SOD (EC-SOD KO) received intraperitoneal bleomycin (2 units/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) three times weekly and were evaluated at weeks 3 or 4. RESULTS Lack of EC-SOD impaired alveolar development and resulted in PH (elevated right ventricular systolic pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)), decreased vessel density, and increased small vessel muscularization. Exposure to bleomycin further impaired alveolar development, worsened RVH and vascular remodeling. Lack of EC-SOD and bleomycin treatment decreased lung total and phosphorylated VEGFR2 and eNOS protein expression. CONCLUSION EC-SOD is critical in preserving normal lung development and loss of EC-SOD results in disrupted alveolar development, PAH and vascular remodeling at baseline, which is further worsened with bleomycin and associated with decreased activation of VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Delaney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States,Corresponding Author: Cassidy Delaney, MD, 13121 E 17th Ave B8402, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, , Office: 303-724-0759, Fax: 303-724-7323
| | - Rachel H. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Jen-Ruey Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Crystal Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Leah Villegas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Laurie Sherlock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Rashmin C. Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX United States
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
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32
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Association of Nrf2 with airway pathogenesis: lessons learned from genetic mouse models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1931-57. [PMID: 26194645 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a key transcription factor for antioxidant response element (ARE)-bearing genes involved in diverse host defense functions including redox balance, cell cycle, immunity, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and carcinogenesis. Nrf2 in the airways is particularly essential as the respiratory system continuously interfaces with environmental stress. Since Nrf2 was determined to be a susceptibility gene for a model of acute lung injury, its protective capacity in the airways has been demonstrated in experimental models of human disorders using Nrf2 mutant mice which were susceptible to supplemental respiratory therapy (e.g., hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation), cigarette smoke, allergens, virus, environmental pollutants, and fibrotic agents compared to wild-type littermates. Recent studies also determined that Nrf2 is indispensable in developmental lung injury. While association studies with genetic NRF2 polymorphisms supported a protective role for murine Nrf2 in oxidative airway diseases, somatic NRF2 mutations enhanced NRF2-ARE responses, and were favorable for lung carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Bioinformatic tools have elucidated direct Nrf2 targets as well as Nrf2-interacting networks. Moreover, potent Nrf2-ARE agonists protected oxidant-induced lung phenotypes in model systems, suggesting a therapeutic or preventive intervention. Further investigations on Nrf2 should yield greater understanding of its contribution to normal and pathophysiological function in the airways.
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Nozik-Grayck E, Woods C, Taylor JM, Benninger RKP, Johnson RD, Villegas LR, Stenmark KR, Harrison DG, Majka SM, Irwin D, Farrow KN. Selective depletion of vascular EC-SOD augments chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L868-76. [PMID: 25326578 PMCID: PMC4254965 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00096.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess superoxide has been implicated in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We previously found lung overexpression of the antioxidant extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) attenuates PH and pulmonary artery (PA) remodeling. Although comprising a small fraction of total SOD activity in most tissues, EC-SOD is abundant in arteries. We hypothesize that the selective loss of vascular EC-SOD promotes hypoxia-induced PH through redox-sensitive signaling pathways. EC-SOD(loxp/loxp) × Tg(cre/SMMHC) mice (SMC EC-SOD KO) received tamoxifen to conditionally deplete smooth muscle cell (SMC)-derived EC-SOD. Mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 35 days, and PH was assessed by right ventricular systolic pressure measurements and right ventricle hypertrophy. Vascular remodeling was evaluated by morphometric analysis and two-photon microscopy for collagen. We examined cGMP content and soluble guanylate cyclase expression and activity in lung, lung phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) expression and activity, and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. Knockout of SMC EC-SOD selectively decreased PA EC-SOD without altering total lung EC-SOD. PH and vascular remodeling induced by chronic hypoxia was augmented in SMC EC-SOD KO. Depletion of SMC EC-SOD did not impact content or activity of lung soluble guanylate cyclase or PDE5, yet it blunted the hypoxia-induced increase in cGMP. Although total eNOS was not altered, active eNOS and GTPCH-1 decreased with hypoxia only in SMC EC-SOD KO. We conclude that the localized loss of PA EC-SOD augments chronic hypoxic PH. In addition to oxidative inactivation of NO, deletion of EC-SOD seems to reduce eNOS activity, further compromising pulmonary vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Crystal Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joann M Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Richard K P Benninger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Leah R Villegas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David G Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan M Majka
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David Irwin
- Department of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathryn N Farrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Pugliese SC, Poth JM, Fini MA, Olschewski A, El Kasmi KC, Stenmark KR. The role of inflammation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: from cellular mechanisms to clinical phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L229-52. [PMID: 25416383 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00238.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases sharing the common feature of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. The disease is usually characterized by mild to moderate pulmonary vascular remodeling that is largely thought to be reversible compared with the progressive irreversible disease seen in World Health Organization (WHO) group I disease. However, in these patients, the presence of PH significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. In addition, a small subset of patients with hypoxic PH develop "out-of-proportion" severe pulmonary hypertension characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling that is irreversible and similar to that in WHO group I disease. In all cases of hypoxia-related vascular remodeling and PH, inflammation, particularly persistent inflammation, is thought to play a role. This review focuses on the effects of hypoxia on pulmonary vascular cells and the signaling pathways involved in the initiation and perpetuation of vascular inflammation, especially as they relate to vascular remodeling and transition to chronic irreversible PH. We hypothesize that the combination of hypoxia and local tissue factors/cytokines ("second hit") antagonizes tissue homeostatic cellular interactions between mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells) and macrophages and arrests these cells in an epigenetically locked and permanently activated proremodeling and proinflammatory phenotype. This aberrant cellular cross-talk between mesenchymal cells and macrophages promotes transition to chronic nonresolving inflammation and vascular remodeling, perpetuating PH. A better understanding of these signaling pathways may lead to the development of specific therapeutic targets, as none are currently available for WHO group III disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Pugliese
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Jens M Poth
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Marriott S, Baskir RS, Gaskill C, Menon S, Carrier EJ, Williams J, Talati M, Helm K, Alford CE, Kropski JA, Loyd J, Wheeler L, Johnson J, Austin E, Nozik-Grayck E, Meyrick B, West JD, Klemm DJ, Majka SM. ABCG2pos lung mesenchymal stem cells are a novel pericyte subpopulation that contributes to fibrotic remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C684-98. [PMID: 25122876 PMCID: PMC4200000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genesis of myofibroblasts is obligatory for the development of pathology in many adult lung diseases. Adult lung tissue contains a population of perivascular ABCG2(pos) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that are precursors of myofibroblasts and distinct from NG2 pericytes. We hypothesized that these MSC participate in deleterious remodeling associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and associated hypertension (PH). To test this hypothesis, resident lung MSC were quantified in lung samples from control subjects and PF patients. ABCG2(pos) cell numbers were decreased in human PF and interstitial lung disease compared with control samples. Genetic labeling of lung MSC in mice enabled determination of terminal lineage and localization of ABCG2 cells following intratracheal administration of bleomycin to elicit fibrotic lung injury. Fourteen days following bleomycin injury enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeled lung MSC-derived cells were increased in number and localized to interstitial areas of fibrotic and microvessel remodeling. Finally, gene expression analysis was evaluated to define the response of MSC to bleomycin injury in vivo using ABCG2(pos) MSC isolated during the inflammatory phase postinjury and in vitro bleomycin or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated cells. MSC responded to bleomycin treatment in vivo with a profibrotic gene program that was not recapitulated in vitro with bleomycin treatment. However, TGF-β1 treatment induced the appearance of a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype in vitro. Additionally, when exposed to the profibrotic stimulus, TGF-β1, ABCG2, and NG2 pericytes demonstrated distinct responses. Our data highlight ABCG2(pos) lung MSC as a novel cell population that contributes to detrimental myofibroblast-mediated remodeling during PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennea Marriott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Rubin S Baskir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Christa Gaskill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Kochi and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Janice Williams
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Electron Microscopy-Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megha Talati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Karen Helm
- Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine E Alford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Lisa Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Joyce Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Barbara Meyrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James D West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Susan M Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse;
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36
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LI BINGBING, YAN JIE, SHEN YAN, LIU YONG, MA ZHENGLIANG. Dichloroacetate prevents but not reverses the formation of neointimal lesions in a rat model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2144-52. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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37
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The c10orf10 gene product is a new link between oxidative stress and autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1076-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Aggarwal S, Gross CM, Sharma S, Fineman JR, Black SM. Reactive oxygen species in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:1011-34. [PMID: 23897679 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is a complex multifactorial process that involves the remodeling of pulmonary arteries. This remodeling process encompasses concentric medial thickening of small arterioles, neomuscularization of previously nonmuscular capillary-like vessels, and structural wall changes in larger pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arterial muscularization is characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. In addition, in uncontrolled pulmonary hypertension, the clonal expansion of apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells leads to the formation of plexiform lesions. Based upon a large number of studies in animal models, the three major stimuli that drive the vascular remodeling process are inflammation, shear stress, and hypoxia. Although, the precise mechanisms by which these stimuli impair pulmonary vascular function and structure are unknown, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage appears to play an important role. ROS are highly reactive due to their unpaired valence shell electron. Oxidative damage occurs when the production of ROS exceeds the quenching capacity of the antioxidant mechanisms of the cell. ROS can be produced from complexes in the cell membrane (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase), cellular organelles (peroxisomes and mitochondria), and in the cytoplasm (xanthine oxidase). Furthermore, low levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and L-arginine the rate limiting cofactor and substrate for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), can cause the uncoupling of eNOS, resulting in decreased NO production and increased ROS production. This review will focus on the ROS generation systems, scavenger antioxidants, and oxidative stress associated alterations in vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Aggarwal
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Ji WJ, Ma YQ, Zhou X, Zhang YD, Lu RY, Guo ZZ, Sun HY, Hu DC, Yang GH, Li YM, Wei LQ. Spironolactone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury partially via modulating mononuclear phagocyte phenotype switching in circulating and alveolar compartments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81090. [PMID: 24260540 PMCID: PMC3834272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent experimental studies provide evidence indicating that manipulation of the mononuclear phagocyte phenotype could be a feasible approach to alter the severity and persistence of pulmonary injury and fibrosis. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has been reported as a target to regulate macrophage polarization. The present work was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of MR antagonism in bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and fibrosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We first demonstrated the expression of MR in magnetic bead-purified Ly6G-/CD11b+ circulating monocytes and in alveolar macrophages harvested in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from C57BL/6 mice. Then, a pharmacological intervention study using spironolactone (20mg/kg/day by oral gavage) revealed that MR antagonism led to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine production (downregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor β1, and interleukin-1β at mRNA and protein levels) and collagen deposition (decreased lung total hydroxyproline content and collagen positive area by Masson’ trichrome staining) in bleomycin treated (2.5mg/kg, via oropharyngeal instillation) male C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, serial flow cytometry analysis in blood, BALF and enzymatically digested lung tissue, revealed that spironolactone could partially inhibit bleomycin-induced circulating Ly6Chi monocyte expansion, and reduce alternative activation (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) of mononuclear phagocyte in alveoli, whereas the phenotype of interstitial macrophage (F4/80+CD11c-) remained unaffected by spironolactone during investigation. Conclusions/Significance The present work provides the experimental evidence that spironolactone could attenuate bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis, partially via inhibition of MR-mediated circulating monocyte and alveolar macrophage phenotype switching.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced
- Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy
- Acute Lung Injury/metabolism
- Acute Lung Injury/pathology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Bleomycin
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
- Spironolactone/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WJJ) ; (LQW)
| | - Yong-Qiang Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Yi Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Zeng Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Dao-Chuan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Hong Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Qing Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WJJ) ; (LQW)
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40
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Chow K, Fessel JP, Kaoriihida-Stansbury, Schmidt EP, Gaskill C, Alvarez D, Graham B, Harrison DG, Wagner DH, Nozik-Grayck E, West JD, Klemm DJ, Majka SM. Dysfunctional resident lung mesenchymal stem cells contribute to pulmonary microvascular remodeling. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:31-49. [PMID: 23662173 PMCID: PMC3641738 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling and oxidative stress are common to many adult lung diseases. However, little is known about the relevance of lung mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in these processes. We tested the hypothesis that dysfunctional lung MSCs directly participate in remodeling of the microcirculation. We employed a genetic model to deplete extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in lung MSCs coupled with lineage tracing analysis. We crossed floxpsod3 and mT/mG reporter mice to a strain expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the ABCG2 promoter. We demonstrated In vivo that depletion of EC-SOD in lung MSCs resulted in their contribution to microvascular remodeling in the smooth muscle actin positive layer. We further characterized lung MSCs to be multipotent vascular precursors, capable of myofibroblast, endothelial and pericyte differentiation in vitro. EC-SOD deficiency in cultured lung MSCs accelerated proliferation and apoptosis, restricted colony-forming ability, multilineage differentiation potential and promoted the transition to a contractile phenotype. Further studies correlated cell dysfunction to alterations in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which were more evident under conditions of oxidative stress. Our data establish that lung MSCs are a multipotent vascular precursor population, a population which has the capacity to participate in vascular remodeling and their function is likely regulated in part by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These studies highlight an important role for microenviromental regulation of multipotent MSC function as well as their potential to contribute to tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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41
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Voelkel NF, Bogaard HJ, Al Husseini A, Farkas L, Gomez-Arroyo J, Natarajan R. Antioxidants for the treatment of patients with severe angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension? Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1810-7. [PMID: 22870869 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pathobiological mechanisms that contribute to pulmonary vasoconstriction, lung vascular remodeling, and the development of right heart failure include the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the response of lung vascular and cardiac cells to these molecules. We review the information regarding oxidant stress balanced by antioxidant mechanisms and the role of oxidants and antioxidants in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and their potential role in an animal model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RECENT ADVANCES In human lung tissue from patients with idiopathic PAH, we find reduced superoxide dismutase activity and high expression of the oxidant stress markers nitrotyrosine and 8-OH-guanosine. In the Sugen 5416/chronic hypoxia model of PAH, lung tissue expression of nitrotyrosine and hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) is substantial, while HO-1 expression in the failing right ventricle is decreased. This model, based on administration of the VEGF receptor blocker Sugen 5416 and chronic hypoxia (Su/Hx), reproduces many of the characteristic features of severe angioobliterative human PAH. Treatment of Su/Hx rats with protandim, which nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2)-dependently upregulates the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, protects against right heart failure without affecting angioobliterative PAH. CRITICAL ISSUES In human severe PAH, patient survival is determined by the function of the stressed right ventricle; investigation of oxidative and nitrosative stresses and their potential contribution to right heart failure is necessary. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Antioxidant therapeutic strategies may be of benefit in the setting of human severe PAH. Whether antioxidant strategies affect lung vascular remodeling and/or prevent right heart failure remains to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F Voelkel
- Victoria Johnson Center for Lung Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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42
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Ramiro-Diaz JM, Nitta CH, Maston LD, Codianni S, Giermakowska W, Resta TC, Gonzalez Bosc LV. NFAT is required for spontaneous pulmonary hypertension in superoxide dismutase 1 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L613-25. [PMID: 23475768 PMCID: PMC3652021 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated reactive oxygen species are implicated in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) limits superoxide bioavailability, and decreased SOD activity is associated with PH. A decrease in SOD activity is expected to increase superoxide and reduce hydrogen peroxide levels. Such an imbalance of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide has been implicated as a mediator of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation in epidermal cells. We have shown that NFATc3 is required for chronic hypoxia-induced PH. However, it is unknown whether NFATc3 is activated in the pulmonary circulation in a mouse model of decreased SOD1 activity and whether this leads to PH. Therefore, we hypothesized that an elevated pulmonary arterial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide ratio activates NFATc3, leading to PH. We found that SOD1 knockout (KO) mice have elevated pulmonary arterial wall superoxide and decreased hydrogen peroxide levels compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was elevated in SOD1 KO and was associated with pulmonary arterial remodeling. Vasoreactivity to endothelin-1 was also greater in SOD1 KO vs. WT mice. NFAT activity and NFATc3 nuclear localization were increased in pulmonary arteries from SOD1 KO vs. WT mice. Administration of A-285222 (selective NFAT inhibitor) decreased RVSP, arterial wall thickness, vasoreactivity, and NFAT activity in SOD1 KO mice to WT levels. The SOD mimetic, tempol, also reduced NFAT activity, NFATc3 nuclear localization, and RVSP to WT levels. These findings suggest that an elevated superoxide/hydrogen peroxide ratio activates NFAT in pulmonary arteries, which induces vascular remodeling and increases vascular reactivity leading to PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ramiro-Diaz
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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43
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Gupta V, Gupta N, Shaik IH, Mehvar R, Nozik-Grayck E, McMurtry IF, Oka M, Komatsu M, Ahsan F. Inhaled PLGA particles of prostaglandin E₁ ameliorate symptoms and progression of pulmonary hypertension at a reduced dosing frequency. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1655-67. [PMID: 23485062 DOI: 10.1021/mp300426u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the efficacy of a noninvasive and long acting polymeric particle based formulation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a potent pulmonary vasodilator, in alleviating the signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and reversing the biochemical changes that occur in the diseased lungs. PH rats, developed by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT), were treated with two types of polymeric particles of PGE1, porous and nonporous, and intratracheal or intravenous plain PGE1. For chronic studies, rats received either intratracheal porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles, once- or thrice-a-day, or plain PGE1 thrice-a-day for 10 days administered intratracheally or intravenously. The influence of formulations on disease progression was studied by measuring the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), evaluating right ventricular hypertrophy and assessing various molecular and cellular makers including the degree of muscularization, platelet aggregation, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Both plain PGE1 and large porous particles of PGE1 reduced MPAP and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in rats that received the treatments for 10 days. Polymeric porous particles of PGE1 produced the same effects at a reduced dosing frequency compared to plain PGE1 and caused minimal off-target effects on systemic hemodynamics. Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies revealed that porous particles of PGE1 also reduced the degree of muscularization, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and PCNA expression in the lungs of PH rats. Overall, our study suggests that PGE1 loaded inhalable particulate formulations improve PH symptoms and arrest the progression of disease at a reduced dosing frequency compared to plain PGE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
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44
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Clifford RL, Singer CA, John AE. Epigenetics and miRNA emerge as key regulators of smooth muscle cell phenotype and function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:75-85. [PMID: 22800879 PMCID: PMC4076625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of phenotypic plasticity in smooth muscle requires an understanding of the mechanisms regulating phenotype-specific genes and the processes dysregulated during pathogenesis. Decades of study in airway smooth muscle has provided extensive knowledge of the gene expression patterns and signaling pathways necessary to maintain and alter smooth muscle cell phenotype. With this solid foundation, the importance and complexity of inheritable epigenetic modifications and mechanisms silencing gene expression have now emerged as fundamental components regulating aspects of inflammation, proliferation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Clifford
- University of Nottingham Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England, UK
| | - Cherie A. Singer
- University of Nevada School of Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine 573 Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Alison E. John
- Corresponding Author University of Nottingham Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England, UK Tel:+44 115 8231106 Fax: +44 115 8231946
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45
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Stenmark KR, Yeager ME, El Kasmi KC, Nozik-Grayck E, Gerasimovskaya EV, Li M, Riddle SR, Frid MG. The adventitia: essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 75:23-47. [PMID: 23216413 PMCID: PMC3762248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex compartment of the vessel wall and is composed of a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, immunomodulatory cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), progenitor cells, vasa vasorum endothelial cells and pericytes, and adrenergic nerves. In response to vascular stress or injury, resident adventitial cells are often the first to be activated and reprogrammed to influence the tone and structure of the vessel wall; to initiate and perpetuate chronic vascular inflammation; and to stimulate expansion of the vasa vasorum, which can act as a conduit for continued inflammatory and progenitor cell delivery to the vessel wall. This review presents the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitia acts as a key regulator of vascular wall function and structure from the outside in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Stenmark
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Michael E. Yeager
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | | | - Min Li
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Suzette R. Riddle
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Maria G. Frid
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
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46
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Zhong H, Acero L, Weng T, Melicoff E, West JD, Hemnes A, Grenz A, Eltzschig HK, Blackwell TS, Xia Y, Johnston RA, Zeng D, Belardinelli L, Blackburn MR. The A2B adenosine receptor modulates pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease. FASEB J 2012; 26:2546-57. [PMID: 22415303 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of pulmonary hypertension is a common and deadly complication of interstitial lung disease. Little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease, and effective treatment options are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the adenosine 2B receptor (A(2B)R) as a regulator of vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. To accomplish this, cellular and molecular changes in vascular remodeling were monitored in mice exposed to bleomycin in conjunction with genetic removal of the A(2B)R or treatment with the A(2B)R antagonist GS-6201. Results demonstrated that GS-6201 treatment or genetic removal of the A(2B)R attenuated vascular remodeling and hypertension in our model. Furthermore, direct A(2B)R activation on vascular cells promoted interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 release. These studies identify a novel mechanism of disease progression to pulmonary hypertension and support the development of A(2B)R antagonists for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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47
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Amanso AM, Griendling KK. Differential roles of NADPH oxidases in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012; 4:1044-64. [PMID: 22202108 DOI: 10.2741/s317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by all vascular cells and regulate the major physiological functions of the vasculature. Production and removal of ROS are tightly controlled and occur in discrete subcellular locations, allowing for specific, compartmentalized signaling. Among the many sources of ROS in the vessel wall, NADPH oxidases are implicated in physiological functions such as control of vasomotor tone, regulation of extracellular matrix and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. They are involved in the response to injury, whether as an oxygen sensor during hypoxia, as a regulator of protein processing, as an angiogenic stimulus, or as a mechanism of wound healing. These enzymes have also been linked to processes leading to disease development, including migration, proliferation, hypertrophy, apoptosis and autophagy. As a result, NADPH oxidases participate in atherogenesis, systemic and pulmonary hypertension and diabetic vascular disease. The role of ROS in each of these processes and diseases is complex, and a more full understanding of the sources, targets, cell-specific responses and counterbalancing mechanisms is critical for the rational development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Amanso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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48
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Hartney T, Birari R, Venkataraman S, Villegas L, Martinez M, Black SM, Stenmark KR, Nozik-Grayck E. Xanthine oxidase-derived ROS upregulate Egr-1 via ERK1/2 in PA smooth muscle cells; model to test impact of extracellular ROS in chronic hypoxia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27531. [PMID: 22140445 PMCID: PMC3225357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of newborn calves to chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension and remodeling. Previous studies showed that the redox-sensitive transcription factor, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), is upregulated in the PA of chronically hypoxic calves and regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore, we established in mice a correlation between hypoxic induction of Egr-1 and reduced activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), an antioxidant that scavenges extracellular superoxide. We now hypothesize that loss of EC-SOD in chronically hypoxic calves leads to extracellular superoxide-mediated upregulation of Egr-1. To validate our hypothesis and identify the signaling pathways involved, we utilized PA tissue from normoxic and chronically hypoxic calves and cultured calf and human PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Total SOD activity was low in the PA tissue, and only the extracellular SOD component decreased with hypoxia. PA tissue of hypoxic calves showed increased oxidative stress and increased Egr-1 mRNA. To mimic the in vivo hypoxia-induced extracellular oxidant imbalance, cultured calf PASMC were treated with xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. We found that 1) XO increased Egr-1 mRNA and protein, 2) XO induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and, 3) pretreatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor prevented induction of Egr-1 by XO. siRNA knock-down of EC-SOD in human PASMC also upregulated Egr-1 mRNA and protein, activated ERK1/2, and enhanced SMC proliferation and reduced apoptosis. We conclude that an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance arising from loss of EC-SOD in the PA with chronic hypoxia induces Egr-1 via activation of ERK1/2 and contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Hartney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rahul Birari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Leah Villegas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maylyn Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Abstract
During wound healing, contractile fibroblasts called myofibroblasts regulate the formation and contraction of granulation tissue; however, pathological and persistent myofibroblast activation, which occurs in hypertrophic scars or tissue fibrosis, results in a loss of function. Many reviews outline the cellular and molecular features of myofibroblasts and their roles in a variety of diseases. This review focuses on the origins of myofibroblasts and the factors that control their differentiation and prolonged survival in fibrotic tissues. Pulmonary fibrosis is used to illustrate many key points, but examples from other tissues and models are also included. Myofibroblasts originate mostly from tissue-resident fibroblasts, and also from epithelial and endothelial cells or other mesenchymal precursors. Their differentiation is influenced by cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix composition and stiffness, and cell surface molecules such as proteoglycans and THY1, among other factors. Many of these effects are modulated by cell contraction. Myofibroblasts resist programmed cell death, which promotes their accumulation in fibrotic tissues. The cause of resistance to apoptosis in myofibroblasts is under ongoing investigation, but many of the same stimuli that regulate their differentiation are involved. The contributions of oxidative stress, the WNT-β-catenin pathway and PPARγ to myofibroblast differentiation and survival are increasingly appreciated.
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50
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Zelko IN, Stepp MW, Vorst AL, Folz RJ. Histone acetylation regulates the cell-specific and interferon-γ-inducible expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase in human pulmonary arteries. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:953-61. [PMID: 21493784 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0012oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the major antioxidant enzyme present in the vascular wall, and is responsible for both the protection of vessels from oxidative stress and for the modulation of vascular tone. Concentrations of EC-SOD in human pulmonary arteries are very high relative to other tissues, and the expression of EC-SOD appears highly restricted to smooth muscle. The molecular basis for this smooth muscle-specific expression of EC-SOD is not known. Here we assessed the role of epigenetic factors in regulating the cell-specific and IFN-γ-inducible expression of EC-SOD in human pulmonary artery cells. The analysis of CpG site methylation within the promoter and coding regions of the EC-SOD gene demonstrated higher levels of DNA methylation within the distal promoter region in endothelial cells compared with smooth muscle cells. Exposure of both cell types to DNA demethylation agents reactivated the transcription of EC-SOD in endothelial cells alone. However, exposure to the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) significantly induced EC-SOD gene expression in both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Concentrations of EC-SOD mRNA were also induced up to 45-fold by IFN-γ in smooth muscle cells, but not in endothelial cells. The IFN-γ-dependent expression of EC-SOD was regulated by the Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins signaling pathway. Simultaneous exposure to TSA and IFN-γ produced a synergistic effect on the induction of EC-SOD gene expression, but only in endothelial cells. These findings provide strong evidence that EC-SOD cell-specific and IFN-γ-inducible expression in pulmonary artery cells is regulated, to a major degree, by epigenetic mechanisms that include histone acetylation and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Zelko
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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