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Ivanov V, Manenti GL, Plewe SS, Kagan I, Schwiedrzik CM. Decision-making processes in perceptual learning depend on effectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5644. [PMID: 38453977 PMCID: PMC10920771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual perceptual learning is traditionally thought to arise in visual cortex. However, typical perceptual learning tasks also involve systematic mapping of visual information onto motor actions. Because the motor system contains both effector-specific and effector-unspecific representations, the question arises whether visual perceptual learning is effector-specific itself, or not. Here, we study this question in an orientation discrimination task. Subjects learn to indicate their choices either with joystick movements or with manual reaches. After training, we challenge them to perform the same task with eye movements. We dissect the decision-making process using the drift diffusion model. We find that learning effects on the rate of evidence accumulation depend on effectors, albeit not fully. This suggests that during perceptual learning, visual information is mapped onto effector-specific integrators. Overlap of the populations of neurons encoding motor plans for these effectors may explain partial generalization. Taken together, visual perceptual learning is not limited to visual cortex, but also affects sensorimotor mapping at the interface of visual processing and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Ivanov
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Lab, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Grisebachstraße 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Sensorimotor Group, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giorgio L Manenti
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Lab, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Grisebachstraße 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Perception and Plasticity Group, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
- Systems Neuroscience Program, Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences (GGNB), 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandrin S Plewe
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Lab, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Grisebachstraße 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Perception and Plasticity Group, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Kagan
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
- Decision and Awareness Group, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caspar M Schwiedrzik
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Lab, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Grisebachstraße 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Perception and Plasticity Group, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany.
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Fitze DC, Mast FW, Ertl M. Human vestibular perceptual thresholds - A systematic review of passive motion perception. Gait Posture 2024; 107:83-95. [PMID: 37778297 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vestibular system detects head accelerations within 6 degrees of freedom. How well this is accomplished is described by vestibular perceptual thresholds. They are a measure of perceptual performance based on the conscious evaluation of sensory information. This review provides an integrative synthesis of the vestibular perceptual thresholds reported in the literature. The focus lies on the estimation of thresholds in healthy participants, used devices and stimulus profiles. The dependence of these thresholds on the participants clinical status and age is also reviewed. Furthermore, thresholds from primate studies are discussed. RESULTS Thresholds have been measured for frequencies ranging from 0.05 to 5 Hz. They decrease with increasing frequency for five of the six main degrees of freedom (inter-aural, head-vertical, naso-occipital, yaw, pitch). No consistent pattern is evident for roll rotations. For a frequency range beyond 5 Hz, a U-shaped relationship is suggested by a qualitative comparison to primate data. Where enough data is available, increasing thresholds with age and higher thresholds in patients compared to healthy controls can be observed. No effects related to gender or handedness are reported. SIGNIFICANCE Vestibular thresholds are essential for next generation screening tools in the clinical domain, for the assessment of athletic performance, and workplace safety alike. Knowledge about vestibular perceptual thresholds contributes to basic and applied research in fields such as perception, cognition, learning, and healthy aging. This review provides normative values for vestibular thresholds. Gaps in current knowledge are highlighted and attention is drawn to specific issues for improving the inter-study comparability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Fitze
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Fred W Mast
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Ertl
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Cretenoud AF, Barakat A, Milliet A, Choung OH, Bertamini M, Constantin C, Herzog MH. How do visual skills relate to action video game performance? J Vis 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 34269794 PMCID: PMC8297421 DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.7.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been claimed that video gamers possess increased perceptual and cognitive skills compared to non-video gamers. Here, we examined to which extent gaming performance in CS:GO (Counter-Strike: Global Offensive) correlates with visual performance. We tested 94 players ranging from beginners to experts with a battery of visual paradigms, such as visual acuity and contrast detection. In addition, we assessed performance in specific gaming skills, such as shooting and tracking, and administered personality traits. All measures together explained about 70% of the variance of the players’ rank. In particular, regression models showed that a few visual abilities, such as visual acuity in the periphery and the susceptibility to the Honeycomb illusion, were strongly associated with the players’ rank. Although the causality of the effect remains unknown, our results show that high-rank players perform better in certain visual skills compared to low-rank players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Cretenoud
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,
| | - Arthur Barakat
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Logitech Europe S.A., Innovation Park EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,
| | - Alain Milliet
- Logitech Europe S.A., Innovation Park EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,
| | - Oh-Hyeon Choung
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,
| | | | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,
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Abstract
Visual perceptual learning (VPL) is an improvement in visual function following training. Although the practical utility of VPL was once thought to be limited by its specificity to the precise stimuli used during training, more recent work has shown that such specificity can be overcome with appropriate training protocols. In contrast, relatively little is known about the extent to which VPL exhibits motor specificity. Previous studies have yielded mixed results. In this work, we have examined the effector specificity of VPL by training observers on a motion discrimination task that maintains the same visual stimulus (drifting grating) and task structure, but that requires different effectors to indicate the response (saccade vs. button press). We find that, in these conditions, VPL transfers fully between a manual and an oculomotor response. These results are consistent with the idea that VPL entails the learning of a decision rule that can generalize across effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmara Awada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,
| | - Shahab Bakhtiari
- Department of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,
| | - Christopher C Pack
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,
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Hussain Z, Bennett PJ. Perceptual learning of detection of textures in noise. J Vis 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 32692831 PMCID: PMC7424956 DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.7.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether the effects of practice on visual detection are stimulus specific and whether practice alters response bias. Eighty-four subjects performed yes-no detection of band-limited noise patterns (textures) in two levels of external noise, on two consecutive days. On day 2, one-half of the observers switched to novel textures. Texture contrast was varied on signal-present trials using the method of constant stimuli. The signal was present on 50% of the trials. We measured d', detection thresholds, and two measures of response criterion: a global criterion that was based on sensitivity at all signal levels (Jones et al., 2015) and a local criterion computed at a hit rate of 70% or 80% (Wenger & Rasche, 2006). Performance improved for both groups on day 2, indicating that improvement transferred to novel textures. Increases in d' were associated with a decrease in false alarms across days. The global criterion became less liberal and became more optimal (i.e., less biased) with practice; however, this effect was small and was not statistically significant in all conditions. The local criterion measure also became slightly less liberal with practice in most conditions, becoming more or less optimal depending on the hit rate at which it was computed. Overall, the effects of practice on sensitivity in a visual detection task generalized to novel patterns. In addition, we found that practice had relatively small effects on response criterion, and the precise effects on response bias differed between global and local measures of criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hussain
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Patrick J. Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cretenoud AF, Karimpur H, Grzeczkowski L, Francis G, Hamburger K, Herzog MH. Factors underlying visual illusions are illusion-specific but not feature-specific. J Vis 2019; 19:12. [DOI: 10.1167/19.14.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aline F. Cretenoud
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harun Karimpur
- Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Grzeczkowski
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- General and Experimental Psychology, Psychology Department, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregory Francis
- Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kai Hamburger
- Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael H. Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Grzeczkowski L, Cretenoud AF, Mast FW, Herzog MH. Motor response specificity in perceptual learning and its release by double training. J Vis 2019; 19:4. [DOI: 10.1167/19.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Grzeczkowski
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
- Allgemeine und Experimentelle Psychologie, Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Aline F. Cretenoud
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Fred W. Mast
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H. Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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