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Bannon ST, Shatz N, Wong R, Parekh M, Jurkunas UV. MitoQ relieves mitochondrial dysfunction in UVA and cigarette smoke-induced Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Exp Eye Res 2024; 247:110056. [PMID: 39179169 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), a degenerative corneal condition, is characterized by the droplet-like accumulation of the extracellular matrix, known as guttae and progressive loss of corneal endothelial cells ultimately leading to visual distortion and glare. FECD can be influenced by environmental stressors and genetic conditions. However, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction for advancing FECD pathogenesis is not yet fully studied. Therefore, in the present study we sought to determine whether a combination of environmental stressors (ultraviolet-A (UVA) light and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)) can induce mitochondrial dysfunction leading to FECD. We also investigated if MitoQ, a water-soluble antioxidant, can target mitochondrial dysfunction induced by UVA and CSC in human corneal endothelial cells mitigating FECD pathogenesis. We modeled the FECD by increasing exogenous oxidative stress with CSC (0.2%), UVA (25J/cm2) and a combination of UVA+CSC and performed a temporal analysis of their cellular and mitochondrial effects on HCEnC-21T immortalized cells in vitro before and after MitoQ (0.05 μM) treatment. Interestingly, we observed that a combination of UVA+CSC exposure increased mitochondrial ROS and fragmentation leading to a lower mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of cytochrome c release leading to apoptosis and cell death. MitoQ intervention successfully mitigated these effects and restored cell viability. The UVA+CSC model could be used to study stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, MitoQ can serve as a viable antioxidant in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, underscoring its potential as a molecular-focused treatment approach to combat FECD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Bannon
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Shatz
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond Wong
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Oie Y, Yamaguchi T, Nishida N, Okumura N, Maeno S, Kawasaki R, Jhanji V, Shimazaki J, Nishida K. Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Criteria and Severity Classification for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Cornea 2023; 42:1590-1600. [PMID: 37603692 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no defined diagnostic criteria and severity classification for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which are required for objective standardized assessments. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of the current diagnosis and severity classification of FECD. METHODS We searched the Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for studies published until January 13, 2021. We excluded review articles, conference abstracts, editorials, case reports with <5 patients, and letters. RESULTS Among 468 articles identified, we excluded 173 and 165 articles in the first and second screenings, respectively. Among the 130 included articles, 61 (47%) and 99 (76%) mentioned the diagnostic criteria for FECD and described its severity classification, respectively. Regarding diagnosis, slitlamp microscope alone was the most frequently used device in 31 (51%) of 61 articles. Regarding diagnostic findings, corneal guttae alone was the most common parameter [adopted in 23 articles (38%)]. Regarding severity classification, slitlamp microscopes were used in 88 articles (89%). The original or modified Krachmer grading scale was used in 77 articles (78%), followed by Adami's classification in six (6%). Specular microscopes or Scheimpflug tomography were used in four articles (4%) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in one (1%). CONCLUSIONS FECD is globally diagnosed by the corneal guttae using slitlamp examination, and its severity is predominantly determined by the original or modified Krachmer grading scale. Objective severity grading using Scheimpflug or anterior segment optical coherence tomography can be applied in the future innovative therapies such as cell injection therapy or novel small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Oie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Okumura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan; and
| | - Sayo Maeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Kannabiran C, Chaurasia S, Ramappa M, Mootha VV. Update on the genetics of corneal endothelial dystrophies. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2239-2248. [PMID: 35791103 PMCID: PMC9426112 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_992_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of diseases with different modes of inheritance and genetic basis for each dystrophy. The genes associated with these diseases encode transcription factors, structural components of the stroma and Descemet membrane, cell transport proteins, and others. Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is associated with mutations in two genes, OVOL2 and SLC4A11, for dominant and recessive forms of CHED, respectively. Mutations in three genes are known to cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD). They are OVOL2 (PPCD1), ZEB1 (PPCD3), and GRHL1 (PPCD4). The PPCD2 locus involving the collagen gene COL8A2 on chromosome 1 is disputed due to insufficient evidence. Mutations in the COL8A2 gene are associated with early-onset Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Several genes have been associated with the more common, late-onset FECD. Alterations in each of these genes occur in a fraction of patients, and the most prevalent genetic alteration in FECD patients across the world is a triplet repeat expansion in the TCF4 gene. Knowledge of the genetics of corneal endothelial dystrophies has considerably advanced within the last decade and has contributed to better diagnosis of these dystrophies as well as opened up the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches based on the molecular mechanisms involved. The functions of genes identified to date provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms involved in each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Kannabiran
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sunita Chaurasia
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics; The Cornea Institute; Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Muralidhar Ramappa
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics; The Cornea Institute; Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Kumar V, Jurkunas UV. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Cells 2021; 10:1888. [PMID: 34440658 PMCID: PMC8392447 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a genetically complex, heterogenous, age-related degenerative disease of corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs), occurring in the fifth decade of life with a higher incidence in females. It is characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition called corneal guttae, causing light glare and visual complaints in patients. Corneal transplantation is the only treatment option for FECD patients, which imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. In FECD, CEnCs exhibit stress-induced senescence, oxidative stress, DNA damage, heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial damage, and dysfunction as well as sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Among all of these, mitochondrial dysfunction involving altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics plays a critical role in FECD pathogenesis. Extreme stress initiates mitochondrial damage, leading to activation of autophagy, which involves clearance of damaged mitochondria called auto(mito)phagy. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in FECD. This will provide insights into a novel mechanism of mitophagy in post-mitotic ocular cell loss and help us explore the potential treatment options for FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ula V. Jurkunas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Xu TT, Li YJ, Afshari NA, Aleff RA, Rinkoski TA, Patel SV, Maguire LJ, Edwards AO, Brown WL, Fautsch MP, Wieben ED, Baratz KH. Disease Expression and Familial Transmission of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy With and Without CTG18.1 Expansion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:17. [PMID: 33444430 PMCID: PMC7814354 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize inheritance, penetrance, and trinucleotide repeat expansion stability in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Methods One thousand unrelated and related subjects with and without FECD were prospectively recruited. CTG18.1 repeat length (CTG18.1L) was determined via short tandem repeat assay and Southern blotting of leukocyte DNA. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equation models were employed. Results There were 546 unrelated FECD cases (67.6% female; 70 ± 10 years) and 235 controls (63.8% female; 73 ± 8 years; all ≥ 50 years). CTG18.1 expansion (CTG18.1exp+) was observed in 424 (77.7%) cases and 18 (7.7%) controls (P = 2.48 × 10-44). CTG18.1 expansion was associated with FECD severity (P = 5.62 × 10-7). The family arm of the study included 331 members from 112 FECD-affected families; 87 families were CTG18.1exp+. Autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression of FECD was observed, regardless of expansion status. FECD penetrance of CTG18.1 expansion increased with age, ranging from 44.4% in the youngest (19-46 years) to 86.2% in the oldest (64-91 years) age quartiles. Among 62 parent-offspring transmissions of CTG18.1exp+, 48 (77.4%) had a change in CTG18.1L ≤ 10 repeats, and eight (12.9%) were ≥50 repeats, including five large expansions (∼1000-2000 repeats) that contracted. Among 44 offspring who did not inherit the CTG18.1exp+ allele, eight (18.2%) exhibited FECD. Conclusions CTG18.1 expansion was highly associated with FECD but demonstrated incomplete penetrance. CTG18.1L instability occurred in a minority of parent-offspring transmissions, with large expansions exhibiting contraction. The observation of FECD without CTG18.1 expansion among family members in CTG18.1exp+ families highlights the complexity of the relationship between the FECD phenotype and CTG18.1 expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T. Xu
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Natalie A. Afshari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ross A. Aleff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Tommy A. Rinkoski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sanjay V. Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Leo J. Maguire
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Albert O. Edwards
- Oregon Retina Division, Sterling Vision, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - William L. Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael P. Fautsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Eric D. Wieben
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Keith H. Baratz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Ong Tone S, Kocaba V, Böhm M, Wylegala A, White TL, Jurkunas UV. Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: The vicious cycle of Fuchs pathogenesis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 80:100863. [PMID: 32438095 PMCID: PMC7648733 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most common primary corneal endothelial dystrophy and the leading indication for corneal transplantation worldwide. FECD is characterized by the progressive decline of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) excrescences in Descemet's membrane (DM), called guttae, that lead to corneal edema and loss of vision. FECD typically manifests in the fifth decades of life and has a greater incidence in women. FECD is a complex and heterogeneous genetic disease where interaction between genetic and environmental factors results in cellular apoptosis and aberrant ECM deposition. In this review, we will discuss a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and exogenous factors in inciting oxidative stress, auto(mito)phagy, unfolded protein response, and mitochondrial dysfunction during CEC degeneration. Specifically, we explore the factors that influence cellular fate to undergo apoptosis, senescence, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These findings will highlight the importance of abnormal CEC-DM interactions in triggering the vicious cycle of FECD pathogenesis. We will also review clinical characteristics, diagnostic tools, and current medical and surgical management options for FECD patients. These new paradigms in FECD pathogenesis present an opportunity to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ong Tone
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myriam Böhm
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Wylegala
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tomas L White
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Abstract
Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common disease resulting from corneal endothelial cell dysfunction. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with incomplete penetrance, and with a female bias. Approximately half of cases occur sporadically, and the remainder are familial. Early and late-onset forms of the disease exist. A review of the literature has revealed more than 15 genes harbouring mutations and/or single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with FECD. The proteins encoded by these genes cover a wide range of endothelial function, including transcription regulation, DNA repair, mitochondrial DNA mutations, targeting of proteins to the cell membrane, deglutamylation of proteins, extracellular matrix secretion, formation of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions, water pump, and apoptosis. These genetic variations will form the platform for the further understanding of the pathological basis of the disease, and the development of targeted treatments. This review aims to summarise known genetic variations associated with FECD, discuss any known molecular effects of the variations, how these provide opportunities for targeted therapies, and what therapies are currently in development.
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Detection of mitochondrial transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) gene mutations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. Mitochondrion 2018; 43:43-52. [PMID: 30473003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production may lead to tissue injury associated with two respiratory disorders of unknown origin which are shared by common tissue fibrosis, IPF and sarcoidosis. Sequence analysis of 22 mt-tRNA genes and parts of their flanking genes revealed 32 and 45 mutations in 38/40 IPF and 69/85 sarcoidosis patients respectively. 4 novel mutations were identified. 15/32 and 25/45 mutations were exclusively expressed while 12/32 and 17/45 mutations predominantly occurred in IPF and sarcoidosis group respectively, compared to healthy controls. Novel mutation combinations were solely expressed in disease. Hence, a mitochondrial-mediated pathogenic pathway seems to underlie both entities.
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Collins DW, Gudiseva HV, Trachtman B, Bowman AS, Sagaser A, Sankar P, Miller-Ellis E, Lehman A, Addis V, O'Brien JM. Association of primary open-angle glaucoma with mitochondrial variants and haplogroups common in African Americans. Mol Vis 2016; 22:454-71. [PMID: 27217714 PMCID: PMC4872278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the population frequencies of all common mitochondrial variants and ancestral haplogroups among 1,999 subjects recruited for the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study, including 1,217 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases and 782 controls, and to identify ancestral subpopulations and mitochondrial mutations as potential risk factors for POAG susceptibility. METHODS Subject classification by characteristic glaucomatous optic nerve findings and corresponding visual field defects, as defined by enrolling glaucoma specialists, stereo disc photography, phlebotomy, extraction of total DNA from peripheral blood or saliva, DNA quantification and normalization, PCR amplification of whole mitochondrial genomes, Ion Torrent deep semiconductor DNA sequencing on DNA pools ("Pool-seq"), Sanger sequencing of 3,479 individual mitochondrial DNAs, and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS The distribution of common African haplogroups within the POAAGG study population was broadly similar to prior surveys of African Americans. However, the POAG case population was found to be enriched in L1c2 haplogroups, which are defined in part by missense mutations m.6150G>A (Val83Ile, odds ratio [OR] 1.8, p=0.01), m.6253C>T (Met117Thr, rs200165736, OR 1.6, p=0.04), and m.6480G>A (Val193Ile, rs199476128, OR 4.6, p=0.04) in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (MT-CO1) gene and by a variant, m.2220A>G (OR 2.0, p=0.01), in MT-RNR2, which encodes the mitochondrial ribosomal 16s RNA gene. L2 haplogroups were predicted to be overrepresented in the POAG case population by Pool-seq, and the difference was confirmed to be significant with Sanger sequencing, that targeted the L2-associated variants m.2416T>C (rs28358580, OR 1.2, p=0.02) and m.2332C>T (OR 1.2, p=.02) in MT-RNR2. Another variant within MT-RNR2, m.3010G>A (rs3928306), previously implicated in sensitivity to the optic neuropathy-associated antibiotic linezolid, and arising on D4 and J1 lineages, associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) severity, was confirmed to be common (>5%) but was not significantly enriched in the POAG cases. Two variants linked to the composition of the gut microbiome, m.15784T>C (rs527236194, haplogroup L2a1) and m.16390G>A (rs41378955, L2 haplogroups), were also enriched in the case DNA pools. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate African mtDNA haplogroups L1c2, L1c2b, and L2 as risk factors for POAG. Approximately one in four African Americans have these mitochondrial ancestries, which may contribute to their elevated glaucoma risk. These haplogroups are defined in part by ancestral variants in the MT-RNR2 and/or MT-CO1 genes, several of which have prior disease associations, such as MT-CO1 missense variants that have been implicated in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Collins
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Anita S Bowman
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anna Sagaser
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Prithvi Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Amanda Lehman
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victoria Addis
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Eghrari AO, Riazuddin SA, Gottsch JD. Fuchs Corneal Dystrophy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 134:79-97. [PMID: 26310151 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs corneal dystrophy (FCD) is a hereditary, progressive disease of the posterior cornea which results in excrescences of Descemet membrane, endothelial cell loss, corneal edema, and, in late stages, bullous keratopathy. Structural changes are noted principally in Descemet membrane and the endothelium, with thickening of Descemet membrane, loss of barrier function, and increased corneal hydration, although secondary effects occur throughout all layers. Multiple chromosomal loci and, more recently, causal genetic mutations have been identified for this complex disorder, including in TCF8, SLC4A11, LOXHD1, and AGBL1. A trinucleotide repeat in TCF4 correlates strongly with disease status and interacts in common pathways with previously identified genes. Dysregulation of pathways involving oxidative stress and apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, microRNA, mitochondrial genes, and unfolded protein response has been implicated in FCD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen O Eghrari
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Gottsch
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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12
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Li D, Peng X, Sun H. Association of TCF4 polymorphisms and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy: a meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15:61. [PMID: 26087656 PMCID: PMC4474332 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies investigating the associations between transcription factor 4 (TCF4) genetic polymorphisms and Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (FED) have reported controversial results. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to clarify the effects of TCF4 polymorphisms on FED risk. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inTCF4 and the risk of FED. Relevant studies were selected through an extensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects model. Results Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that there was a strong positive association between the TCF4 rs613872 polymorphism and FED risk in all the genetic models tested (G allele vs. T allele: OR = 4.19, 95 % CI = 3.53–4.97; GG vs. GT/TT: OR = 4.27, 95 % CI = 2.54–7.19; GG/GT vs. TT: OR = 6.29, 95 % CI = 4.23–8.93; GG VS. TT: OR = 10.64, 95 % CI = 5.28–21.41; GT VS. TT: OR = 6.08, 95 % CI = 4.28–8.64). Statistic evidence was also detected for a significant association between three other SNPs and the risk of FED. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested a genetic association between four TCF4 polymorphisms (rs613872, rs2286812, rs17595731, and rs9954153) and the risk of FED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Beijng Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijng di tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - XiaoYan Peng
- Beijng Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - HuiYu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijng di tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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