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Liu X, Yu Y, Zhang H, Zhang M, Liu Y. The Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7560. [PMID: 39062802 PMCID: PMC11277046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3-mAChR) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Owing to specific cardioprotective effects, M3-mAChR is an ideal diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Growing evidence has linked M3-mAChR to the development of multiple CVDs, in which it plays a role in cardiac protection such as anti-arrhythmia, anti-hypertrophy, and anti-fibrosis. This review summarizes M3-mAChR's expression patterns, functions, and underlying mechanisms of action in CVDs, especially in ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure, opening up a new research direction for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Liu
- Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yi Yu
- Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- International Joint Research Center of Human–Machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development on Tropical Herbs, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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2
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Mérida S, Návea A, Desco C, Celda B, Pardo-Tendero M, Morales-Tatay JM, Bosch-Morell F. Glutathione and a Pool of Metabolites Partly Related to Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Low and High Myopia in an Altered Bioenergetic Environment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:539. [PMID: 38790644 PMCID: PMC11117864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress forms part of the molecular basis contributing to the development and manifestation of myopia, a refractive error with associated pathology that is increasingly prevalent worldwide and that subsequently leads to an upsurge in degenerative visual impairment due to conditions that are especially associated with high myopia. The purpose of our study was to examine the interrelation of potential oxidative-stress-related metabolites found in the aqueous humor of high-myopic, low-myopic, and non-myopic patients within a clinical study. We conducted a cross-sectional study, selecting two sets of patients undergoing cataract surgery. The first set, which was used to analyze metabolites through an NMR assay, comprised 116 patients. A total of 59 metabolites were assigned and quantified. The PLS-DA score plot clearly showed a separation with minimal overlap between the HM and control samples. The PLS-DA model allowed us to determine 31 major metabolite differences in the aqueous humor of the study groups. Complementary statistical analysis of the data allowed us to determine six metabolites that presented significant differences among the experimental groups (p < 005). A significant number of these metabolites were discovered to have a direct or indirect connection to oxidative stress linked with conditions of myopic eyes. Notably, we identified metabolites associated with bioenergetic pathways and metabolites that have undergone methylation, along with choline and its derivatives. The second set consisted of 73 patients who underwent a glutathione assay. Here, we showed significant variations in both reduced and oxidized glutathione in aqueous humor among all patient groups (p < 0.01) for the first time. Axial length, refractive status, and complete ophthalmologic examination were also recorded, and interrelations among metabolic and clinical parameters were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Mérida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Amparo Návea
- Instituto de la Retina y Enfermedades Oculares, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carmen Desco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
- Instituto de la Retina y Enfermedades Oculares, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
- FOM, Fundación de Oftalmología Médica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernardo Celda
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morales-Tatay
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosch-Morell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
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3
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Jiang S, Xia N, Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Tang Q, Pfeiffer N, Olinger D, Li H, Gericke A. High-fat diet causes endothelial dysfunction in the mouse ophthalmic artery. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109727. [PMID: 37972749 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health concern that leads to impaired vascular function and subsequent abnormalities in various organs. The impact of obesity on ocular blood vessels, however, remains largely unclear. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that obesity induced by high-fat diet produces vascular endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery. Mice were subjected to a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, while age-matched controls were maintained on a standard diet. Reactivity of isolated ophthalmic artery segments was assessed in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified in cryosections by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Redox gene expression was determined in ophthalmic artery explants by real-time PCR. Furthermore, the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and of the lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) was determined in cryosections using immunofluorescence microscopy. Ophthalmic artery segments from mice on a high-fat diet exhibited impaired vasodilation responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine, while endothelium-independent responses to nitroprusside remained preserved. DHE staining intensity in the vascular wall was notably stronger in mice on a high-fat diet. Messenger RNA expression for NOX2 was elevated in the ophthalmic artery of mice subjected to high fat diet. Likewise, immunostainings revealed increased expression of NOX2 and of RAGE, but not of LOX-1. These findings suggest that a high-fat diet triggers endothelial dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress in the ophthalmic artery via involvement of RAGE and NOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elsa W Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dominik Olinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Buonfiglio F, Xia N, Yüksel C, Manicam C, Jiang S, Zadeh JK, Musayeva A, Elksne E, Pfeiffer N, Patzak A, Li H, Gericke A. Studies on the Effects of Hypercholesterolemia on Mouse Ophthalmic Artery Reactivity. Diseases 2023; 11:124. [PMID: 37873768 PMCID: PMC10594501 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic lipoproteins may impair vascular reactivity, leading to tissue damage in various organs, including the eye. This study aimed to investigate whether ophthalmic artery reactivity is affected in mice lacking the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE-/-), a model for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Twelve-month-old male ApoE-/- mice and age-matched wild-type controls were used to assess vascular reactivity using videomicroscopy. Moreover, the vascular mechanics, lipid content, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of pro-oxidant redox enzymes and the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) were determined in vascular tissue. Unlike the aorta, the ophthalmic artery of ApoE-/- mice developed no signs of endothelial dysfunction and no signs of excessive lipid deposition. Remarkably, the levels of ROS, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1), NOX2, NOX4, and LOX-1 were increased in the aorta but not in the ophthalmic artery of ApoE-/- mice. Our findings suggest that ApoE-/- mice develop endothelial dysfunction in the aorta by increased oxidative stress via the involvement of LOX-1, NOX1, and NOX2, whereas NOX4 may participate in media remodeling. In contrast, the ophthalmic artery appears to be resistant to chronic apolipoprotein E deficiency. A lack of LOX-1 expression/overexpression in response to increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels may be a possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Can Yüksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Subao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenia Kouchek Zadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aytan Musayeva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Elksne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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5
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King DR, Sedovy MW, Eaton X, Dunaway LS, Good ME, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Cell-To-Cell Communication in the Resistance Vasculature. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3833-3867. [PMID: 35959755 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arterial vasculature can be divided into large conduit arteries, intermediate contractile arteries, resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Resistance arteries and arterioles primarily function to control systemic blood pressure. The resistance arteries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow, which are separated by a matrix layer termed the internal elastic lamina from several layers of smooth muscle cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. Cells within the vessel walls communicate in a homocellular and heterocellular fashion to govern luminal diameter, arterial resistance, and blood pressure. At rest, potassium currents govern the basal state of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple stimuli can elicit rises in intracellular calcium levels in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, sourced from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the extracellular space. In general, activation of endothelial cells results in the production of a vasodilatory signal, usually in the form of nitric oxide or endothelial-derived hyperpolarization. Conversely, activation of smooth muscle cells results in a vasoconstriction response through smooth muscle cell contraction. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-35, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan W Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xinyan Eaton
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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6
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Arboit A, Krautwald K, Angenstein F. The cholinergic system modulates negative BOLD responses in the prefrontal cortex once electrical perforant pathway stimulation triggers neuronal afterdischarges in the hippocampus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:364-380. [PMID: 34590894 PMCID: PMC8795231 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211049820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Repeated high-frequency pulse-burst stimulations of the rat perforant pathway elicited positive BOLD responses in the right hippocampus, septum and prefrontal cortex. However, when the first stimulation period also triggered neuronal afterdischarges in the hippocampus, then a delayed negative BOLD response in the prefrontal cortex was generated. While neuronal activity and cerebral blood volume (CBV) increased in the hippocampus during the period of hippocampal neuronal afterdischarges (h-nAD), CBV decreased in the prefrontal cortex, although neuronal activity did not decrease. Only after termination of h-nAD did CBV in the prefrontal cortex increase again. Thus, h-nAD triggered neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex that counteracted the usual neuronal activity-related functional hyperemia. This process was significantly enhanced by pilocarpine, a mACh receptor agonist, and completely blocked when pilocarpine was co-administered with scopolamine, a mACh receptor antagonist. Scopolamine did not prevent the formation of the negative BOLD response, thus mACh receptors modulate the strength of the negative BOLD response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arboit
- Functional Imaging Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karla Krautwald
- Functional Imaging Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Angenstein
- Functional Imaging Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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7
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Yang J, Ouyang X, Fu H, Hou X, Liu Y, Xie Y, Yu H, Wang G. Advances in biomedical study of the myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112472. [PMID: 34861634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia has become one of the most critical health problems in the world with the increasing time spent indoors and increasing close work. Pathological myopia may have multiple complications, such as myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment, cataracts, open-angle glaucoma, and severe cases that can cause blindness. Mounting evidence suggests that the cause of myopia can be attributed to the complex interaction of environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. An increasing number of researchers have focused on the genetic pathogenesis of myopia in recent years. Scleral remodeling and excessive axial elongating induced retina thinning and even retinal detachment are myopia's most important pathological manifestations. The related signaling pathways are indispensable in myopia occurrence and development, such as dopamine, nitric oxide, TGF-β, HIF-1α, etc. We review the current major and recent progress of biomedicine on myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinli Ouyang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hong Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinyu Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Haiqun Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China.
| | - Guohui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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8
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Liu L, Rippe C, Hansson O, Kryvokhyzha D, Fisher S, Ekman M, Swärd K. Regulation of the Muscarinic M 3 Receptor by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710968. [PMID: 34539433 PMCID: PMC8446542 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/MYOCD, MRTF-A/MRTFA, and MRTF-B/MRTFB) are co-factors of serum response factor (SRF) that activate the smooth muscle cell (SMC) gene program and that play roles in cardiovascular development and mechanobiology. Gain and loss of function experiments have defined the SMC gene program under control of MRTFs, yet full understanding of their impact is lacking. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscarinic M3 receptor (CHRM3) is regulated by MRTFs together with SRF. Forced expression of MYOCD (8d) in human coronary artery (SMC) followed by RNA-sequencing showed increased levels of M2, M3, and M5 receptors (CHRM2: 2-fold, CHRM3: 16-fold, and CHRM5: 2-fold). The effect of MYOCD on M3 was confirmed by RT-qPCR using both coronary artery and urinary bladder SMCs, and correlation analyses using human transcriptomic datasets suggested that M3 may also be regulated by MRTF-B. Head-to-head comparisons of MYOCD, MRTF-A and MRTF-B, argued that while all MRTFs are effective, MRTF-B is the most powerful transactivator of CHRM3, causing a 600-fold increase at 120h. Accordingly, MRTF-B conferred responsiveness to the muscarinic agonist carbachol in Ca2+ imaging experiments. M3 was suppressed on treatment with the MRTF-SRF inhibitor CCG-1423 using SMCs transduced with either MRTF-A or MRTF-B and using intact mouse esophagus in culture (by 92±2%). Moreover, silencing of SRF with a short hairpin reduced CHRM3 (by >60%) in parallel with α-actin (ACTA2). Tamoxifen inducible knockout of Srf in smooth muscle reduced Srf (by 54±4%) and Chrm3 (by 41±6%) in the urinary bladder at 10days, but Srf was much less reduced or unchanged in aorta, ileum, colon, trachea, and esophagus. Longer induction (21d) further accentuated the reduction of Chrm3 in the bladder and ileum, but no change was seen in the aorta. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that Mrtfb dominates in ECs, while Myocd dominates in SMCs, raising the possibility that Chrm3 may be driven by Mrtfb-Srf in the endothelium and by Myocd-Srf in SMCs. These findings define a novel transcriptional control mechanism for muscarinic M3 receptors in human cells, and in mice, that could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmytro Kryvokhyzha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Steven Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Birk M, Baum E, Zadeh JK, Manicam C, Pfeiffer N, Patzak A, Helmstädter J, Steven S, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Gericke A. Angiotensin II Induces Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mouse Ophthalmic Arteries via Involvement of AT1 Receptors and NOX2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081238. [PMID: 34439486 PMCID: PMC8389243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various age-dependent ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Ang II induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse ophthalmic arteries and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Ophthalmic arteries were exposed to Ang II in vivo and in vitro to determine vascular function by video microscopy. Moreover, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified and the expression of prooxidant redox genes and proteins was determined. The endothelium-dependent artery responses were blunted after both in vivo and in vitro exposure to Ang II. The Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, candesartan, and the ROS scavenger, Tiron, prevented Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction. ROS levels and NOX2 expression were increased following Ang II incubation. Remarkably, Ang II failed to induce endothelial dysfunction in ophthalmic arteries from NOX2-deficient mice. Following Ang II incubation, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was mainly mediated by cytochrome P450 oxygenase (CYP450) metabolites, while the contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) pathways became negligible. These findings provide evidence that Ang II induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse ophthalmic arteries via AT1R activation and NOX2-dependent ROS formation. From a clinical point of view, the blockade of AT1R signaling and/or NOX2 may be helpful to retain or restore endothelial function in ocular blood vessels in certain ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Birk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 7, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jenia Kouchek Zadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Johanna Helmstädter
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-613-117-8276
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Ruan Y, Patzak A, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Retina-Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4989. [PMID: 34066677 PMCID: PMC8125843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The family of mAChRs is composed of five subtypes, M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5, which have distinct expression patterns and functions. In the eye and its adnexa, mAChRs are widely expressed and exert multiple functions, such as modulation of tear secretion, regulation of pupil size, modulation of intraocular pressure, participation in cell-to-cell signaling and modula-tion of vascular diameter in the retina. Due to this variety of functions, it is reasonable to assume that abnormalities in mAChR signaling may contribute to the development of various ocular diseases. On the other hand, mAChRs may offer an attractive therapeutic target to treat ocular diseases. Thus far, non-subtype-selective mAChR ligands have been used in ophthalmology to treat dry eye disease, myopia and glaucoma. However, these drugs were shown to cause various side-effects. Thus, the use of subtype-selective ligands would be useful to circumvent this problem. In this review, we give an overview on the localization and on the functional role of mAChR subtypes in the eye and its adnexa with a special focus on the retina. Moreover, we describe the pathophysiological role of mAChRs in retinal diseases and discuss potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.P.); (A.G.)
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Frenis K, Helmstädter J, Ruan Y, Schramm E, Kalinovic S, Kröller-Schön S, Bayo Jimenez MT, Hahad O, Oelze M, Jiang S, Wenzel P, Sommer CJ, Frauenknecht KBM, Waisman A, Gericke A, Daiber A, Münzel T, Steven S. Ablation of lysozyme M-positive cells prevents aircraft noise-induced vascular damage without improving cerebral side effects. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:31. [PMID: 33929610 PMCID: PMC8087569 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aircraft noise induces vascular and cerebral inflammation and oxidative stress causing hypertension and cardiovascular/cerebral dysfunction. With the present studies, we sought to determine the role of myeloid cells in the vascular vs. cerebral consequences of exposure to aircraft noise. Toxin-mediated ablation of lysozyme M+ (LysM+) myeloid cells was performed in LysMCreiDTR mice carrying a cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor. In the last 4d of toxin treatment, the animals were exposed to noise at maximum and mean sound pressure levels of 85 and 72 dB(A), respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed accumulation of CD45+, CD11b+, F4/80+, and Ly6G-Ly6C+ cells in the aortas of noise-exposed mice, which was prevented by LysM+ cell ablation in the periphery, whereas brain infiltrates were even exacerbated upon ablation. Aircraft noise-induced increases in blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction of the aorta and retinal/mesenteric arterioles were almost completely normalized by ablation. Correspondingly, reactive oxygen species in the aorta, heart, and retinal/mesenteric vessels were attenuated in ablated noise-exposed mice, while microglial activation and abundance in the brain was greatly increased. Expression of phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA in the aorta was reduced, while NFκB signaling appeared to be activated in the brain upon ablation. In sum, we show dissociation of cerebral and peripheral inflammatory reactions in response to aircraft noise after LysM+ cell ablation, wherein peripheral myeloid inflammatory cells represent a dominant part of the pathomechanism for noise stress-induced cardiovascular effects and their central nervous counterparts, microglia, as key mediators in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Helmstädter
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yue Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Subao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens J Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin B M Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Ivanova E, Bianchimano P, Corona C, Eleftheriou CG, Sagdullaev BT. Optogenetic Stimulation of Cholinergic Amacrine Cells Improves Capillary Blood Flow in Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:44. [PMID: 32841313 PMCID: PMC7452855 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Disruption in blood supply to active retinal circuits is the earliest hallmark of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and has been primarily attributed to vascular deficiency. However, accumulating evidence supports an early role for a disrupted neuronal function in blood flow impairment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that selectively stimulating cholinergic neurons could restore neurovascular signaling to preserve the capillary circulation in DR. Methods We used wild type (wt) and choline acetyltransferase promoter (ChAT)-channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) mice expressing ChR2 exclusively in cholinergic cells. Mice were made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Two to 3 months after the last STZ injection, the rate of capillary blood flow was measured in vivo within each retinal vascular layer using high speed two-photon imaging. Measurements were done at baseline and following ChR2-driven activation of retinal cholinergic interneurons, the sole source of the vasodilating neurotransmitter acetylcholine. After recordings, retinas were collected and assessed for physiological and structural features. Results In retinal explants from ChAT-ChR2 mice, we found that channelrhodopsin2 was selectively expressed in all cholinergic amacrine cells. Its direct activation by blue light led to dilation of adjacent retinal capillaries. In living diabetic ChAT-ChR2 animals, basal capillary blood flow was significantly higher than in diabetic mice without channelrhodopsin. However, optogenetic stimulation with blue light did not result in flickering light-induced functional hyperemia, suggesting a necessity for a concerted neurovascular interaction. Conclusions These findings provide direct support to the utility and efficacy of an optogenetic approach for targeting selective retinal circuits to treat DR and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ivanova
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | | | - Carlo Corona
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States
| | | | - Botir T Sagdullaev
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
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Bello I, Usman NS, Dewa A, Abubakar K, Aminu N, Asmawi MZ, Mahmud R. Blood pressure lowering effect and vascular activity of Phyllanthus niruri extract: The role of NO/cGMP signaling pathway and β-adrenoceptor mediated relaxation of isolated aortic rings. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112461. [PMID: 31830549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus niruri have a long history of use in the traditional treatment of various ailments including hypertension. Literature reports have indicated that it is a potent antihypertensive herbal medication used traditionally. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was carried out to investigate the antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity of four solvents extracts of P. niruri namely; petroleum ether (PEPN), chloroform (CLPN), methanol (MEPN) and water (WEPN), with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action and identifying the phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) were given oral gavage of P. niruri extract daily for two weeks and the blood pressure was recorded in vivo. We also determine the vasodilation effect of the extracts on rings of isolated thoracic aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM). Endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded aorta rings were pre-incubated with various antagonists like 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 μM) and Methylene blue (MB 10 μM), sGC inhibitors; Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 10 μM) a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor; atropine (10 μM), a cholinergic receptor blocker; indomethacin (10 μM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and various K+ channel blockers such as glibenclamide (10 μM) and tetraethyl ammonium (TEA 10 μM) for mechanism study. RESULTS SHRs receiving P. niruri extracts showed a significant decrease in their blood pressure (BP) when compared to the baseline value, with PEPN being more potent. The extracts (0.125-4 mg/mL) also induced vasorelaxation on endothelium-intact aorta rings. PEPN elicited the most potent maximum relaxation effect (Rmax). Mechanism assessment of PEPN showed that its relaxation effect is significantly suppressed in endothelium-denuded aorta rings. Pre-incubation of aorta rings with atropine, L-NAME, ODQ, indomethacin, and propranolol also significantly attenuated its relaxation effect. Conversely, incubation with TEA and glibenclamide did not show a significant effect on PEPN-induced relaxation. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the antihypertensive activity of P. niruri extract is mediated by vasoactive phytoconstituents that dilate the arterial wall via endothelium-dependent pathways and β-adrenoceptor activity which, in turn, cause vasorelaxation and reduce blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Bello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Nasiba Salisu Usman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aidiahmad Dewa
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kabiru Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Nafiu Aminu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Roziahanim Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical cellular sensors that mediate numerous physiological processes. In the heart, multiple GPCRs are expressed on various cell types, where they coordinate to regulate cardiac function by modulating critical processes such as contractility and blood flow. Under pathological settings, these receptors undergo aberrant changes in expression levels, localization and capacity to couple to downstream signalling pathways. Conventional therapies for heart failure work by targeting GPCRs, such as β-adrenergic receptor and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Although these treatments have improved patient survival, heart failure remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. GPCR kinases (GRKs) are responsible for GPCR phosphorylation and, therefore, desensitization and downregulation of GPCRs. In this Review, we discuss the GPCR signalling pathways and the GRKs involved in the pathophysiology of heart disease. Given that increased expression and activity of GRK2 and GRK5 contribute to the loss of contractile reserve in the stressed and failing heart, inhibition of overactive GRKs has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to treat heart failure.
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d'Uscio LV, He T, Santhanam AV, Katusic ZS. Endothelium-specific amyloid precursor protein deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction in cerebral arteries. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1715-1726. [PMID: 28959912 PMCID: PMC6168907 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17735418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The exact physiological function of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) in endothelial cells is unknown. Endothelium-specific APP-deficient (eAPP-/-) mice were created to gain new insights into the role of APP in the control of vascular endothelial function. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were significantly impaired in basilar arteries of global APP knockout (APP-/-) and eAPP-/- mice ( P < 0.05). In contrast, endothelium-independent relaxations to nitric oxide (NO)-donor diethylamine-NONOate were unchanged. Western blot analysis revealed that protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was significantly downregulated in large cerebral arteries of APP-/- mice and eAPP-/- mice as compared to respective wild-type littermates ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, basal levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were also significantly reduced in large cerebral arteries of APP-deficient mice ( P < 0.05). In contrast, protein expression of prostacyclin synthase as well as levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was not affected by genetic inactivation of APP in endothelial cells. By using siRNA to knockdown APP in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells we also found a significant downregulation of eNOS mRNA and protein expressions in APP-deficient endothelium ( P < 0.05). These findings indicate that under physiological conditions, expression of APP in cerebral vascular endothelium plays an important protective function by maintaining constitutive expression of eNOS .
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Affiliation(s)
- Livius V d'Uscio
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anantha V Santhanam
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Sakalis V, Sfiggas V, Vouros I, Salpiggidis G, Papathanasiou A, Apostolidis A. Combination of solifenacin with tamsulosin reduces prostate volume and vascularity as opposed to tamsulosin monotherapy in patients with benign prostate enlargement and overactive bladder symptoms: Results from a randomized pilot study. Int J Urol 2018; 25:737-745. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioannis Vouros
- Department of Urology; Hippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos Apostolidis
- 2nd Department of Urology; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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Saternos HC, Almarghalani DA, Gibson HM, Meqdad MA, Antypas RB, Lingireddy A, AbouAlaiwi WA. Distribution and function of the muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system. Physiol Genomics 2017; 50:1-9. [PMID: 29093194 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00062.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are widely known to mediate numerous functions within the central and peripheral nervous system. Thus, they have become attractive therapeutic targets for various disorders. It has long been known that the parasympathetic system, governed by acetylcholine, plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular function. Unfortunately, due to the lack of pharmacologic selectivity for any one muscarinic receptor, there was a minimal understanding of their distribution and function within this region. However, in recent years, advancements in research have led to the generation of knockout animal models, better antibodies, and more selective ligands enabling a more thorough understanding of the unique role muscarinic receptors play in the cardiovascular system. These advances have shown muscarinic receptor 2 is no longer the only functional subtype found within the heart and muscarinic receptors 1 and 3 mediate both dilation and constriction in the vasculature. Although muscarinic receptors 4 and 5 are still not well characterized in the cardiovascular system, the recent generation of knockout animal models will hopefully generate a better understanding of their function. This mini review aims to summarize recent findings and advances of muscarinic involvement in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Saternos
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Daniyah A Almarghalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hayley M Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Mahmood A Meqdad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Raymond B Antypas
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ajay Lingireddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Wissam A AbouAlaiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
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18
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Chan LW, Hsieh YT, Hsu WC, Cheng HC, Shen EP. Optic Disc Parameters of Myopic Children with Atropine Treatment. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1614-1619. [PMID: 28937823 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1359846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize optic disc parameters, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and the intraocular pressure (IOP) of myopic children under continual topical 0.25% atropine treatment. METHODS From October 1, 2010 to September 31, 2011, 67 eyes of 35 myopic children were recruited. The children were treated with 0.25% atropine nightly for myopia control. Visual acuity, refraction, IOP, axial length (AL, IOL Master), RNFLT, and optic disc parameters (Stratus OCT) were measured at enrollment and every 2 months. All patients had at least 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS Enrolled children had a mean age of 10.3 ± 2.4 years (5-15 years). Of the 67 studied eyes, the mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -2.60 ± 1.58 diopters (D) (-6.75--0.5 D). Under the treatment of 0.25% atropine, myopia increased by 0.53 ± 0.10D per year (P < 0.0001), and AL elongated by 0.245 ± 0.042 mm per year (P < 0.0001). No significant change was noted in the IOP and optic nerve parameters including peripapillary RNFLT, areas of optic disc, cup and rim, or cup/disc ratio over the follow-up period during atropine treatment (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 0.25% Atropine treatment for myopia control did not significantly affect the IOP, optic nerve parameters, and RNFLT in children over a mean of 15.2 ± 2.4 months treatment and follow-up. 0.25% Atropine is a relatively safe option for myopia control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Chan
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cherng Hsu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Han-Chih Cheng
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth P Shen
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Taipei , Taiwan
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Sokolov AY, Murzina AA, Osipchuk AV, Lyubashina OA, Amelin AV. Cholinergic mechanisms of headaches. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712417020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Manicam C, Ginter N, Li H, Xia N, Goloborodko E, Zadeh JK, Musayeva A, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Compensatory Vasodilator Mechanisms in the Ophthalmic Artery of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Knockout Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7111. [PMID: 28769073 PMCID: PMC5541003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in the maintenance of ocular vascular homeostasis. Therefore, perturbations in vascular NO synthesis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases. We recently reported that eNOS contributes significantly to vasodilation of the mouse ophthalmic artery. Interestingly, dilatory responses were also retained in eNOS gene-deficient mice (eNOS-/-), indicating inherent endothelial adaptive mechanism(s) that act as back-up systems in chronic absence of eNOS to preserve vasorelaxation. Thus, this study endeavoured to identify the compensatory mechanism(s) in the ophthalmic artery of eNOS-/- mice employing isolated arterial segments and pharmacological inhibitors in vitro. Endothelium removal virtually abolished acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation, suggesting an obligatory involvement of the endothelium in cholinergic control of vascular tone. However, non-NOS and non-cyclooxygenase components compensate for eNOS deficiency via endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). Notably, arachidonic acid-derived metabolites of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway were key mediators in activating the inwardly rectifying potassium channels to compensate for chronic lack of eNOS. Conclusively, endothelium-dependent cholinergic responses of the ophthalmic artery in the eNOS-/- mice are largely preserved and, this vascular bed has the ability to compensate for the loss of normal vasodilator responses solely via EDHFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Manicam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Natalja Ginter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Evgeny Goloborodko
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenia Kouchek Zadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aytan Musayeva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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The Gatekeepers in the Mouse Ophthalmic Artery: Endothelium-Dependent Mechanisms of Cholinergic Vasodilation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20322. [PMID: 26831940 PMCID: PMC4735817 DOI: 10.1038/srep20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic regulation of arterial luminal diameter involves intricate network of intercellular communication between the endothelial and smooth muscle cells that is highly dependent on the molecular mediators released by the endothelium. Albeit the well-recognized contribution of nitric oxide (NO) towards vasodilation, the identity of compensatory mechanisms that maintain vasomotor tone when NO synthesis is deranged remain largely unknown in the ophthalmic artery. This is the first study to identify the vasodilatory signalling mechanisms of the ophthalmic artery employing wild type mice. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation was only partially attenuated when NO synthesis was inhibited. Intriguingly, the combined blocking of cytochrome P450 oxygenase (CYP450) and lipoxygenase (LOX), as well as CYP450 and gap junctions, abolished vasodilation; demonstrating that the key compensatory mechanisms comprise arachidonic acid metabolites which, work in concert with gap junctions for downstream signal transmission. Furthermore, the voltage-gated potassium ion channel, Kv1.6, was functionally relevant in mediating vasodilation. Its localization was found exclusively in the smooth muscle. In conclusion, ACh-induced vasodilation of mouse ophthalmic artery is mediated in part by NO and predominantly via arachidonic acid metabolites, with active involvement of gap junctions. Particularly, the Kv1.6 channel represents an attractive therapeutic target in ophthalmopathologies when NO synthesis is compromised.
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22
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Kovacevic I, Müller M, Kojonazarov B, Ehrke A, Randriamboavonjy V, Kohlstedt K, Hindemith T, Schermuly RT, Fleming I, Hoffmeister M, Oess S. The F-BAR Protein NOSTRIN Dictates the Localization of the Muscarinic M3 Receptor and Regulates Cardiovascular Function. Circ Res 2015; 117:460-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in cardiovascular disease and characterized by reduced production of nitric oxide (NO). The F-BAR protein NO synthase traffic inducer (NOSTRIN) is an interaction partner of endothelial NO synthase and modulates its subcellular localization, but the role of NOSTRIN in pathophysiology in vivo is unclear.
Objective:
We analyzed the consequences of deleting the
NOSTRIN
gene in endothelial cells on NO production and cardiovascular function in vivo using NOSTRIN knockout mice.
Methods and Results:
The levels of NO and cGMP were significantly reduced in mice with endothelial cell–specific deletion of the
NOSTRIN
gene resulting in diastolic heart dysfunction. In addition, systemic blood pressure was increased, and myograph measurements indicated an impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation of isolated aortic rings and resistance arteries. We found that the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M3 (M3R) interacted directly with NOSTRIN, and the latter was necessary for correct localization of the M3R at the plasma membrane in murine aorta. In the absence of NOSTRIN, the acetylcholine-induced increase in intracellular Ca
2+
in primary endothelial cells was abolished. Moreover, the activating phosphorylation and Golgi translocation of endothelial NO synthase in response to the M3R agonist carbachol were diminished.
Conclusions:
NOSTRIN is crucial for the localization and function of the M3R and NO production. The loss of NOSTRIN in mice leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased blood pressure, and diastolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kovacevic
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Miriam Müller
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Alexander Ehrke
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Karin Kohlstedt
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Tanja Hindemith
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Meike Hoffmeister
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
| | - Stefanie Oess
- From the Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (I.K., M.M., A.E., T.H., M.H., S.O.); Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (B.K., R.T.S.); and Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (V.R., K.K., I.F.)
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Wang R, Szabo C, Ichinose F, Ahmed A, Whiteman M, Papapetropoulos A. The role of H2S bioavailability in endothelial dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:568-78. [PMID: 26071118 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (EDF) reflects pathophysiological changes in the phenotype and functions of endothelial cells that result from and/or contribute to a plethora of cardiovascular diseases. We review the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the pathogenesis of EDF, one of the fastest advancing research topics. Conventionally treated as an environment pollutant, H2S is also produced in endothelial cells and participates in the fine regulation of endothelial integrity and functions. Disturbed H2S bioavailability has been suggested to be a novel indicator of EDF progress and prognosis. EDF manifests in different forms in multiple pathologies, but therapeutics aimed at remedying altered H2S bioavailability may benefit all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 601 Harborside Drive, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Asif Ahmed
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, 15771, Greece; George P. Livanos and Marianthi Simou Laboratories, First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, 10675, Greece
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24
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Chen N, Lv J, Bo L, Li N, Wu C, Yin X, Li J, Tao J, Chen J, He Y, Huang S, Xiao J, Mao C, Xu Z. Muscarinic-mediated vasoconstriction in human, rat and sheep umbilical cords and related vasoconstriction mechanisms. BJOG 2014; 122:1630-9. [PMID: 25403992 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The umbilical cord provides nutrition and oxygen to the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on umbilical cords from humans and other mammals, and the mechanisms of ACh-mediated vasoconstriction in the human umbilical cord. DESIGN Human and animal umbilical cords used in vascular and cellular experiments. SETTING Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. POPULATION A total of 85 pregnant women, 16 Sprague Dawley rats and seven pregnant sheep. METHODS Umbilical cord veins and arteries from humans, rats and sheep, aortas and mesenteric arteries from rats, and mesenteric, carotid and femoral arteries from ovine fetuses were used to compare vascular functions in response to ACh and to determine the mechanisms of ACh-mediated umbilical vasoconstriction. Vascular tension and ion channel currents were measured on isolated vessels and smooth muscle cells from human umbilical cords. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Provision of new evidence to conclude that ACh-stimulated vasoconstriction is common to all umbilical cords, and cellular mechanisms are linked to potassium channels. RESULTS ACh caused reliable vasoconstriction in umbilical veins/arteries in humans, rats and sheep, but not in any other vessels, including fetal vessels. Atropine inhibited the effects of ACh. The mRNA of ACh-muscarinic receptor subtypes M1 -M5 was expressed in human umbilical vessels. The protein kinase C antagonist GF109203X and the calcium inhibitor nifedipine decreased ACh-induced vasoconstriction in human umbilical vessels. ACh also caused a reduction in whole-cell potassium channel currents and the single-channel current of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKca) channels. CONCLUSION Umbilical vessels are significantly different from other vessels in their response to ACh. BKca channels in smooth muscle cells may play important roles in ACh-mediated vasoconstriction in human umbilical cords. This information may be important for fetal medicine and practice with regard to the effect on fetal development of umbilical vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chen
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Lv
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - L Bo
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - N Li
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - C Wu
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - X Yin
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Tao
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y He
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - S Huang
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Xiao
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - C Mao
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Z Xu
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Lorna Linda, CA, USA
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25
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Role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms for ophthalmic artery reactivity in mice. Exp Eye Res 2014; 127:1-8. [PMID: 25017185 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are involved in regulation of ocular vascular tone and blood flow. While endothelial NOS (eNOS) has recently been shown to mediate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mouse retinal arterioles, the contribution of individual NOS isoforms to vascular responses is unknown in the retrobulbar vasculature. Moreover, it is unknown whether the lack of a single NOS isoform affects neuron survival in the retina. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that the lack of individual nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms affects the reactivity of mouse ophthalmic arteries and neuron density in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Mice deficient in one of the three NOS isoforms (nNOS-/-, iNOS-/- and eNOS-/-) were compared to respective wild type controls. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in conscious mice using rebound tonometry. To examine the role of each NOS isoform for mediating vascular responses, ophthalmic arteries were studied in vitro using video microscopy. Neuron density in the RGC layer was calculated from retinal wholemounts stained with cresyl blue. IOP was similar in all NOS-deficient genotypes and respective wild type controls. In ophthalmic arteries, phenylephrine, nitroprusside and acetylcholine evoked concentration-dependent responses that did not differ between individual NOS-deficient genotypes and their respective controls. In all genotypes except eNOS-/- mice, vasodilation to acetylcholine was markedly reduced after incubation with L-NAME, a non-isoform-selective inhibitor of NOS. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of nNOS and iNOS had no effect on acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in any of the mouse genotypes. Neuron density in the RGC layer was similar in all NOS-deficient genotypes and respective controls. Our findings suggest that eNOS contributes to endothelium-dependent dilation of murine ophthalmic arteries. However, the chronic lack of eNOS is functionally compensated by NOS-independent vasodilator mechanisms. The lack of a single NOS isoform does not appear to affect IOP or neuron density in the RGC layer.
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