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Björk E, Israelsson P, Nagaev I, Nagaeva O, Lundin E, Ottander U, Mincheva-Nilsson L. Endometriotic Tissue-derived Exosomes Downregulate NKG2D-mediated Cytotoxicity and Promote Apoptosis: Mechanisms for Survival of Ectopic Endometrial Tissue in Endometriosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:567-576. [PMID: 38984872 PMCID: PMC11335327 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis, affecting 10% of women, is defined as implantation, survival, and growth of endometrium-like/endometriotic tissue outside the uterine cavity, causing inflammation, infertility, pain, and susceptibility to ovarian cancer. Despite extensive studies, its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood and largely unknown. The prevailing view is that the immune system of endometriosis patients fails to clear ectopically disseminated endometrium from retrograde menstruation. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that exhibit immunomodulatory properties. We studied the role of endometriotic tissue-secreted exosomes in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Two exosome-mediated mechanisms known to impair the immune response were investigated: 1) downregulation of NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity and 2) FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis of activated immune cells. We showed that secreted endometriotic exosomes isolated from supernatants of short-term explant cultures carry the NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1-3 and the proapoptotic molecules FasL and TRAIL on their surface, i.e., signature molecules of exosome-mediated immune suppression. Acting as decoys, these exosomes downregulate the NKG2D receptor, impair NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity, and induce apoptosis of activated PBMCs and Jurkat cells through the FasL- and TRAIL pathway. The secreted endometriotic exosomes create an immunosuppressive gradient at the ectopic site, forming a "protective shield" around the endometriotic lesions. This gradient guards the endometriotic lesions against clearance by a cytotoxic attack and creates immunologic privilege by induction of apoptosis in activated immune cells. Taken together, our results provide a plausible, exosome-based mechanistic explanation for the immune dysfunction and the compromised immune surveillance in endometriosis and contribute novel insights into the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björk
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Örnsköldsvik Hospital, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Israelsson
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention/Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nagaev
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga Nagaeva
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ottander
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucia Mincheva-Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Franko R, de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz M. Exploring the potential of in vitro extracellular vesicle generation in reproductive biology. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e70007. [PMID: 39238549 PMCID: PMC11375532 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.70007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The interest in the growing field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research highlights their significance in intercellular signalling and the selective transfer of biological information between donor and recipient cells. EV studies have provided valuable insights into intercellular communication mechanisms, signal identification and their involvement in disease states, offering potential avenues for manipulating pathological conditions, detecting biomarkers and developing drug-delivery systems. While our understanding of EV functions in reproductive tissues has significantly progressed, exploring their potential as biomarkers for infertility, therapeutic interventions and enhancements in assisted reproductive technologies remains to be investigated. This knowledge gap stems partly from the difficulties associated with large-scale EV production relevant to clinical applications. Most existing studies on EV production rely on conventional 2D cell culture systems, characterized by suboptimal EV yields and a failure to replicate in vivo conditions. This results in the generation of EVs that differ from their in vivo counterparts. Hence, this review firstly delves into the importance of EVs in reproduction to then expand on current techniques for in vitro EV production, specifically examining diverse methods of culture and the potential of bioengineering technologies to establish innovative systems for enhanced EV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksan Franko
- Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Oberschleißheim Germany
- Gene Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz
- Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Oberschleißheim Germany
- Gene Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich Germany
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3
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Duval C, Wyse BA, Tsang BK, Librach CL. Extracellular vesicles and their content in the context of polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis: a review. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:160. [PMID: 39103867 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particles enriched in bioactive molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and play key roles in various physiological and pathological processes. EVs have been shown to be involved in ovarian follicular function and to be altered in two prevalent gynecological disorders; polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.Ovarian follicles are complex microenvironments where folliculogenesis takes place with well-orchestrated interactions between granulosa cells, oocytes, and their surrounding stromal cells. Recent research unveiled the presence of EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, in the follicular fluid (FFEVs), which constitutes part of the developing oocyte's microenvironment. In the context of PCOS, a multifaceted endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic disorder, studies have explored the dysregulation of these FFEVs and their cargo. Nine PCOS studies were included in this review and two miRNAs were commonly reported in two different studies, miR-379 and miR-200, both known to play a role in female reproduction. Studies have also demonstrated the potential use of EVs as diagnostic tools and treatment options.Endometriosis, another prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue, has also been linked to aberrant EV signaling. EVs in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis carry molecules that modulate the immune response and promote the establishment and maintenance of endometriosis lesions. EVs derived from endometriosis lesions, serum and peritoneal fluid obtained from patients with endometriosis showed no commonly reported biomolecules between the eleven reviewed studies. Importantly, circulating EVs have been shown to be potential biomarkers, also reflecting the severity of the pathology.Understanding the interplay of EVs within human ovarian follicles may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of both PCOS and endometriosis. Targeting EV-mediated communication may open avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these common gynecological disorders. More research is essential to unravel the mechanisms underlying EV involvement in folliculogenesis and its dysregulation in PCOS and endometriosis, ultimately leading to more effective and personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia Duval
- CReATe Fertility Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Inflammation and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jimenez N, Norton T, Diadala G, Bell E, Valenti M, Farland LV, Mahnert N, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Vaginal and rectal microbiome contribute to genital inflammation in chronic pelvic pain. BMC Med 2024; 22:283. [PMID: 38972981 PMCID: PMC11229265 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a multifactorial syndrome that can substantially affect a patient's quality of life. Endometriosis is one cause of CPP, and alterations of the immune and microbiome profiles have been observed in patients with endometriosis. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate differences in the vaginal and gastrointestinal microbiomes and cervicovaginal immune microenvironment in patients with CPP and endometriosis diagnosis compared to those with CPP without endometriosis and no CPP. METHODS Vaginal swabs, rectal swabs, and cervicovaginal lavages (CVL) were collected among individuals undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy. Participants were grouped based on patients seeking care for chronic pain and/or pathology results: CPP and endometriosis (CPP-Endo) (n = 35), CPP without endometriosis (n = 23), or patients without CPP or endometriosis (controls) (n = 15). Sensitivity analyses were performed on CPP with endometriosis location, stage, and co-occurring gynecologic conditions (abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids). 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to profile the microbiome, and a panel of soluble immune mediators was quantified using a multiplex assay. Statistical analysis was conducted with SAS, R, MicrobiomeAnalyst, MetaboAnalyst, and QIIME 2. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between participants with CPP alone, CPP-Endo, and surgical controls for body mass index, ethnicity, diagnosis of ovarian cysts, and diagnosis of fibroids. In rectal microbiome analysis, both CPP alone and CPP-Endo exhibited lower alpha diversity than controls, and both CPP groups revealed enrichment of irritable bowel syndrome-associated bacteria. CPP-Endo exhibited an increased abundance of vaginal Streptococcus anginosus and rectal Ruminococcus. Patients with CPP and endometrioma (s) demonstrated increased vaginal Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella compared to other endometriosis sites. Further, abnormal uterine bleeding was associated with an increased abundance of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria. Immunoproteomic profiles were distinctly clustered by CPP alone and CPP-Endo compared to controls. CPP-Endo was enriched in TNF⍺, MDC, and IL-1⍺. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal and rectal microbiomes were observed to differ between patients with CPP alone and CPP with endometriosis, which may be useful in personalized treatment for individuals with CPP and endometriosis from those with other causes of CPP. Further investigation is warranted in patients with additional co-occurring conditions, such as AUB/fibroids, which add additional complexity to these conditions and reveal the enrichment of distinct pathogenic bacteria in both mucosal sites. This study provides foundational microbiome-immunoproteomic knowledge related to chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, and co-occurring gynecologic conditions that can help improve the treatment of patients seeking care for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jimenez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Taylor Norton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gurbeen Diadala
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Building ABC-1, Lab 331E, 425 N. 5 St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Emerald Bell
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Building ABC-1, Lab 331E, 425 N. 5 St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michelle Valenti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Leslie V Farland
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nichole Mahnert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Building ABC-1, Lab 331E, 425 N. 5 St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Martínez-Zamora MA, Armengol-Badia O, Quintas-Marquès L, Carmona F, Closa D. Macrophage Phenotype Induced by Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles from Women with Endometriosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:737. [PMID: 39062452 PMCID: PMC11274790 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that immune system dysfunction and macrophages are involved in the disease establishment and progression of endometriosis. Among the factors involved in this alteration in macrophage activity, Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) have been described to play a role favoring the switch to a specific phenotype with controversial results. This study aims to investigate the potential effect of circulating sEVs in the plasma of well-characterized patients with endometriosis on the polarization of macrophages. sEVs were isolated from the plasma of patients diagnosed with endometriosis confirmed by histopathological analysis. Two groups of patients were recruited: the endometriosis group consisted of patients diagnosed with endometriosis by imaging testing (gynecological ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance imaging), confirmed by histopathologic study (n = 12), and the control group included patients who underwent laparoscopy for tubal sterilization without presurgical suspicion of endometriosis and without endometriosis or signs of any inflammatory pelvic condition during surgery (n = 12). Human THP1 monocytic cells were differentiated into macrophages, and the effect of sEVs on cell uptake and macrophage polarization was evaluated by fluorescent labeling and measurement of the IL1B, TNF, ARG1, and MRC1 expression, respectively. Although no changes in cell uptake were detected, sEVs from endometriosis induced a polarization of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, characterized by lower IL1B and TNF expression and a tendency to increase MRC1 and ARG1 levels. When macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides, less activation was also detected after treatment with endometriosis sEVs. Finally, endometriosis sEVs also induced the expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG); however, treatment with rosiglitazone, a PPARG agonist, had no effect on the change in macrophage phenotype. We conclude that circulating sEVs in women with endometriosis have a certain capacity to shift the activation state of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, but this does not modify the uptake level or the response to PPARG ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angeles Martínez-Zamora
- Department of Gynecology, Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.Q.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Olga Armengol-Badia
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.-B.); (D.C.)
| | - Lara Quintas-Marquès
- Department of Gynecology, Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.Q.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francisco Carmona
- Department of Gynecology, Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.Q.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Daniel Closa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.-B.); (D.C.)
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Ji S, Qi H, Yan L, Zhang D, Wang Y, MuDanLiFu H, He C, Xia W, Zhu Q, Liang Y, Zhang J. miR-4443 Contained Extracellular Vesicles: A Factor for Endometriosis Progression by PI3K/AKT/ACSS2 Cascade in-vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6085-6098. [PMID: 38911502 PMCID: PMC11193987 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s456594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometriosis (EM) is an estrogen-dependent benign gynecologic disease affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-age women with a high recurrence rate, but lacks reliable biomarkers. No previous studies have investigated the possible use of extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated micro RNAs (miRNAs) from menstrual blood (MB) as candidate diagnostic or prognostic markers of EM. Methods Specimens were obtained from endometriosis and non-endometriosis patients at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Shanghai. Microarray was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs among peritoneal fluid (PF), fallopian tube fluid (FF), and MB. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to verify the relationship between miR-4443 and ACSS2. Cell proliferation and Transwell invasion assays were performed in vitro after intervention on miR-4443 and ACSS2 in hEM15A human endometrial stromal cells and primary human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs). Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and survival analysis were applied to clinical data, including severity of symptoms and relapse of EM among EM patients. Results EV-associated miR-4443 was abundant in MB of endometriosis patients. ACSS2 knockdown and miR-4443 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration via the PI3K/AKT pathway. miR-4443 levels in MB-EVs were positively correlated with the degree of dyspareunia (r=0.64; P<0.0001) and dysmenorrhea (r=0.42; P<0.01) in the endometriosis group. ROC curve analyses showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.741 (95% CI 0.624-0.858; P<0.05) for miR-4443 and an AUC of 0.929 (95% CI 0.880-0.978; P<0.05) for the combination of miR-4443 and dysmenorrhea. Conclusion MB-derived EV-associated miR-4443 might participate in endometriosis development, thus providing a new candidate biomarker for the noninvasive prediction of endometriosis recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - HaLiSai MuDanLiFu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuqing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Géli V, Nabet N. Saliva, a molecular reflection of the human body? Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Cell Stress 2024; 8:59-68. [PMID: 38826491 PMCID: PMC11144459 DOI: 10.15698/cst2024.05.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
For many diseases, and cancer in particular, early diagnosis allows a wider range of therapies and a better disease management. This has led to improvements in diagnostic procedures, most often based on tissue biopsies or blood samples. Other biological fluids have been used to diagnose disease, and among them saliva offers a number of advantages because it can be collected non-invasively from large populations at relatively low cost. To what extent might saliva content reveal the presence of a tumour located at a distance from the oral cavity and the molecular information obtained from saliva be used to establish a diagnosis are current questions. This review focuses primarily on the content of saliva and shows how it potentially offers a source of diagnosis, possibly at an early stage, for pathologies such as cancers or endometriosis.
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Davis EHS, Jones C, Coward K. Rethinking the application of nanoparticles in women's reproductive health and assisted reproduction. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1231-1251. [PMID: 38686941 PMCID: PMC11285225 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles and nanotechnology may present opportunities to revolutionize the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of a range of reproductive health conditions in women. These technologies are also used to improve outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. We highlight a range of these potential clinical uses of nanoparticles for polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and sexually transmitted infections, considering in vitro and in vivo studies along with clinical trials. In addition, we discuss applications of nanoparticles in assisted reproductive technology, including sperm loading, gamete and embryo preservation and preventing preterm birth. Finally, we present some of the concerns associated with the medical use of nanoparticles, identifying routes for further exploration before nanoparticles can be applied to women's reproductive health in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily HS Davis
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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9
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Paterson ESJ, Scheck S, McDowell S, Bedford N, Girling JE, Henry CE. Comparison of cervicovaginal fluid extracellular vesicles isolated from paired cervical brushes and vaginal swabs. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e153. [PMID: 38939571 PMCID: PMC11080783 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition, with a long diagnostic delay. Surgery is required to confirm a diagnosis, highlighting the need for a non-invasive biomarker. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may have a role in endometriosis pathogenesis, yet there is limited EV biomarker literature available. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of isolating cervico-vaginal fluid EVs sampled using cervical brushes and vaginal swabs and to compare these methods. After providing informed consent, patients undergoing surgery for suspected endometriosis had cervical brush and vaginal swab samples collected under general anaesthetic. Isolated EVs were characterised through negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting (TSG101, CD63, Calnexin, ApoB, Albumin), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), microBCA assays and RT-qPCR of miRNAs. PCR was performed on samples prior to EV isolation to assess bacteria present in samples. Cervical brush and vaginal swab EVs were intact vesicles with limited co-isolated contaminants. Cervical brushes had higher concentrations of particles compared to match vaginal swabs, although both samples had low concentrations. Protein and miRNA yield were similar between matched samples. PCR demonstrated only a small amount DNA within samples was bacterial (>0.5%). Cervico-vaginal fluids EVs were successfully isolated from cervical brushes and vaginal swabs, demonstrating a new method of sampling reproductive EVs. EV yield from both sample types was low. Similar protein and miRNA levels suggest either sampling method may be suitable for biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Scheck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's HealthUniversity of OtagoWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
| | - Simon McDowell
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
| | - Nick Bedford
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
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10
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Afzal A, Khan M, Gul Z, Asif R, Shahzaman S, Parveen A, Imran M, Khawar MB. Extracellular Vesicles: the Next Frontier in Pregnancy Research. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1204-1214. [PMID: 38151656 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) have been involved in several aspects of pregnancy, including endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, and embryo-maternal communication showing them associated with pregnancy disorders, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm birth. Further research is warranted to fully comprehend the exact pathophysiological roles of EVs and to develop new therapies targeting EVs thereby improving pregnancy outcomes. Herein, we review the recent knowledge on the multifaceted roles of EVs during pregnancy and address the majority of the molecular interactions between EVs, maternal, and fetal cells with an emphasis on disorders of pregnancy under the influence of EVs. Moreover, we also discuss its applications in clinical trials followed by prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Madeeha Khan
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Gul
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Asif
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shahzaman
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asia Parveen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Applied Molecular Biology & Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
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11
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Chu X, Hou M, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang S, Ma J. Extracellular vesicles in endometriosis: role and potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1365327. [PMID: 38737555 PMCID: PMC11082332 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1365327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecological disease, which profoundly jeopardizes women's quality of life and places a significant medical burden on society. The pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unclear, posing major clinical challenges in diagnosis and treatment. There is an urgent demand for the development of innovative non-invasive diagnostic techniques and the identification of therapeutic targets. Extracellular vesicles, recognized for transporting a diverse array of signaling molecules, have garnered extensive attention as a novel mode of intercellular communication. A burgeoning body of research indicates that extracellular vesicles play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, which may provide possibility and prospect for both diagnosis and treatment. In light of this context, this article focuses on the involvement of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, which deliver information among endometrial stromal cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, and other cells, and explores their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment, conducing to the emergence of new strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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12
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Zhang Z, Xiong Y, Jiang H, Wang Q, Hu X, Wei X, Chen Q, Chen T. Vaginal extracellular vesicles impair fertility in endometriosis by favoring Th17/Treg imbalance and inhibiting sperm activity. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31188. [PMID: 38192157 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in various diseases. However, their effect on endometriosis (EMs)-associated infertility is poorly understood. We co-cultured EVs from the female vaginal secretions with human sperm and also generated a mouse model of EMs by allogenic transplant to explore the effect of EVs on fertility. EVs from individuals with EMs-associated infertility (E-EVs) significantly inhibited the total motility (26.46% vs. 47.1%), progressive motility (18.78% vs. 41.06%), linear velocity (21.98 vs. 41.91 µm/s) and the acrosome reaction (AR) rate (5% vs. 22.3%) of human sperm in contrast to the control group (PBS). Furthermore, E-EVs dose-dependently decreased the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), a pivotal regulator of sperm function. Conversely, healthy women (H-EVs) increased human sperm motion parameters, the AR rate, and sperm [Ca2+]i. Importantly, the mouse model of EMs confirmed that E-EVs further decreased the conception rate and the mean number of embryo implantations (7.6 ± 3.06 vs. 4.5 ± 3.21) compared with the control mice by inducing the production of inflammatory cytokines leading to a Th17/Treg imbalance. H-EVs could restore impaired fertility by restoring the Th17/Treg balance. We determined the impact of EVs derived from the female genital tract on human sperm function and studied the possible mechanisms by which it affects fertility. Our findings provide a novel rationale to ameliorate EMs-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yangbai Xiong
- International Tourism and Convention Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huifu Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institution of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Khoushab S, Aghmiuni MH, Esfandiari N, Sarvandani MRR, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hashemi M. Unlocking the potential of exosomes in cancer research: A paradigm shift in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155214. [PMID: 38430814 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, which are tiny particles released by cells, have the ability to transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and genetic material containing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are associated with processes like cancer metastasis, immunity, and tissue repair. Clinical trials have shown exosomes to be effective in treating cancer, inflammation, and chronic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are common sources of exosome production. Exosomes have therapeutic potential due to their ability to deliver cargo, modulate the immune system, and promote tissue regeneration. Bioengineered exosomes could revolutionize disease treatment. However, more research is needed to understand exosomes in tumor growth and develop new therapies. This paper provides an overview of exosome research, focusing on cancer and exosome-based therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and vaccines. It explores exosomes as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy, highlighting their advantages. The article discusses using exosomes for various therapeutic agents, including drugs, antigens, and RNAs. It also examines challenges with engineered exosomes. Analyzing exosomes for clinical purposes faces limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and purification. On the other hand, Nanotechnology offers solutions to overcome these challenges and unlock exosome potential in healthcare. Overall, the article emphasizes the potential of exosomes for personalized and targeted cancer therapy, while acknowledging the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloomeh Khoushab
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Hobabi Aghmiuni
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esfandiari
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Rashidi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Ji J, Wang H, Yuan M, Li J, Song X, Lin K. Exosomes from ectopic endometrial stromal cells promote M2 macrophage polarization by delivering miR-146a-5p. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111573. [PMID: 38278065 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and M2 macrophages co-exist in the lesions of endometriosis and participate in the occurrence and progression of endometriosis. However, the interaction between ectopic ESCs and M2-type macrophage polarization is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of exosomes released from ectopic ESCs on M2 macrophage polarization and the potential mechanism. METHODS Human THP-1 monocytic cells induced macrophage differentiation (M0) and M2 polarization. Ectopic ESCs and their exosomes were used to stimulate M2 macrophages. M2 macrophage polarization was examined by detecting CD163 and ARG1 expression. Exosomal microRNAs were analyzed by small-RNA sequencing. RESULTS Our in vitro results suggest that exosomes of ectopic ESCs promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, The miR-146a-5p level was highly increased in ectopic ESCs and their exosomes and promoted the role of exosomes in M2 macrophage polarization. As a target, TRAF6 overexpression inhibits the function of miR-146a-5p mimic on M2 macrophage polarization. In the rat model, exosomes from ectopic ESCs contribute to the development of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that exosomes derived from ectopic ESCs promote the M2 macrophage polarization by delivering miR-146a-5p targeting TRAF6 in the pathological process of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ji
- Hangzhou Normal University Division of Health Sciences, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Huihua Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Jiaochang Road 1918, Tongxiang, Zhejiang 314500, PR China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Hangzhou Normal University Division of Health Sciences, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Kunpeng Road 369, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Song
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Kunpeng Road 369, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Kaiqing Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
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15
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Nazri HM, Greaves E, Quenby S, Dragovic R, Tapmeier TT, Becker CM. The role of small extracellular vesicle-miRNAs in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2296-2311. [PMID: 37877421 PMCID: PMC10694411 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial-like tissue, which can cause pain and infertility in 10% of reproductive-age women. To date, the pathogenesis is poorly understood resulting in significant diagnostic delays and poor therapeutic outcomes in many women. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) (<200 nm) are cell-derived vesicles containing molecules that can influence gene expression and behaviour in target cells. One such cargo are microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, non-coding RNAs mostly 19-25 nucleotides in length that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. This mini-review focuses on the role of sEV-miRNAs, which are conceivably better biomarkers for endometriosis than free miRNAs, which reflect the true pathophysiological state in the body, as sEV-encapsulated miRNAs are protected from degradation compared to free miRNA and provide direct cell-to-cell communication via sEV surface proteins. sEV-miRNAs have been implicated in the immunomodulation of macrophages, the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cells, and angiogenesis, all hallmarks of endometriosis. The diagnostic potential of sEV-miRNA was investigated in one study that reported the sensitivity and specificity of two sEV-miRNAs (hsa-miR-22-3p and hsa-miR-320a-3p) in distinguishing endometriosis from non-endometriosis cases. Only three studies have explored the therapeutic potential of sEV-miRNAs in vivo in mice-two looked into the role of sEV-hsa-miR-214-3p in decreasing fibrosis, and one investigated sEV-hsa-miR-30c-5p in suppressing the invasive and migratory potential of endometriotic lesions. While early results are encouraging, studies need to further address the potential influence of factors such as the menstrual cycle as well as the location and extent of endometriotic lesions on miRNA expression in sEVs. Given these findings, and extrapolating from other conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and pre-eclampsia, sEV-miRNAs could present an attractive and urgently needed future diagnostic and therapeutic target for millions of women suffering from endometriosis. However, research in this area is hampered by lack of adherence to the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 guideline in separating and characterising sEVs, as well as the World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Nazri
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Erin Greaves
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca Dragovic
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas T Tapmeier
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Beal JR, Ma Q, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK. Role of Endometrial Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Uterus: A Review. Cells 2023; 12:2584. [PMID: 37998319 PMCID: PMC10670844 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several critical events that occur in the uterus during early pregnancy which are necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. These events include blastocyst implantation, uterine decidualization, uterine neoangiogenesis, differentiation of trophoblast stem cells into different trophoblast cell lineages, and formation of a placenta. These processes involve several different cell types within the pregnant uterus. Communication between these cell types must be intricately coordinated for successful embryo implantation and the formation of a functional maternal-fetal interface in the placenta. Understanding how this intricate coordination transpires has been a focus of researchers in the field for many years. It has long been understood that maternal endometrial tissue plays a key role in intercellular signaling during early pregnancy, sending signals to nearby tissues in a paracrine manner. Recently, insights have been obtained into the mechanisms by which these signaling events occur. Notably, the endometrium has been shown to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain crucial cargo (proteins, lipids, RNA, miRNA) that are taken up by recipient cells to initiate a response leading to the occurrence of critical events during implantation and placentation. In this review, we aim to summarize the role that endometrium-derived EVs play in mediating cell-to-cell communications within the pregnant uterus to orchestrate the events that must occur to establish and maintain pregnancy. We will also discuss how aberrant endometrial EV signaling may lead to pathophysiological conditions, such as endometriosis and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Beal
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qiuyan Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Indrani C. Bagchi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Milan K. Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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17
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Jiang X, Chen X. Endometrial cell‑derived exosomes facilitate the development of adenomyosis via the IL‑6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:526. [PMID: 37869633 PMCID: PMC10587878 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 upregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication, therefore the present study investigated whether endometrial cell-derived exosomes mediated the crosstalk between the endometrium and the myometrium via IL-6 signaling. Primary adenomyotic myometrial (AM) cells and eutopic endometrial cells were isolated from patients with adenomyosis. Exosomes were obtained from endometrial cells and incubated with AM cells in the presence or absence of tocilizumab (an IL-6 inhibitor). MTT, flow cytometry and wound-healing assays were performed to examine AM cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and migration. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were conducted to determine the expression of the IL-6/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway proteins. Incubation with endometrial cell exosomes suppressed cell apoptosis of AM cells compared with controls, accompanied by increases in IL-6 production and JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. Endometrial cell exosomes promoted cell proliferation, increased the percentage of S-phase cells and enhanced the migration of AM cells. These effects were completely reversed by tocilizumab, along with substantial decreases in IL-6 production and JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. Endometrial cell-derived exosomes promote cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle transition of AM cells through IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 activation, facilitating the development of adenomyosis by mediating the crosstalk between the endometrium and the myometrium, and IL-6 targeted therapy could be a complementary approach against adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchan Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510699, P.R. China
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18
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Soltani-Fard E, Asadi M, Taghvimi S, Vafadar A, Vosough P, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A. Exosomal microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs: as novel biomarkers for endometriosis. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:55-74. [PMID: 37480408 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological inflammatory disorder characterized by the development of endometrial-like cells outside the uterine cavity. This disease is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations, such as debilitating pelvic pain and infertility issues. Endometriosis diagnosis is not easily discovered by ultrasound or clinical examination. Indeed, difficulties in noninvasive endometriosis diagnosis delay the confirmation and management of the disorder, increase symptoms, and place a significant medical and financial burden on patients. So, identifying specific and sensitive biomarkers for this disease should therefore be a top goal. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types. They transport between cells' bioactive molecules such as noncoding RNAs and proteins. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs which are key molecules transferred by exosomes have recently been identified to have a significant role in endometriosis by modulating different proteins and their related genes. As a result, the current review focuses on exosomal micro-and-long noncoding RNAs that are involved in endometriosis disease. Furthermore, major molecular mechanisms linking corresponding RNA molecules to endometriosis development will be briefly discussed to better clarify the potential functions of exosomal noncoding RNAs in the therapy and diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Soltani-Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Marzieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asma Vafadar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Vosough
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran.
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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19
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Gao X, Gao H, Shao W, Wang J, Li M, Liu S. The Extracellular Vesicle-Macrophage Regulatory Axis: A Novel Pathogenesis for Endometriosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1376. [PMID: 37759776 PMCID: PMC10527545 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMs) is a common disease among women whose pathogenesis is still unclear, although there are various hypotheses. Recent studies have considered macrophages the key part of the immune system in developing EMs, inducing inflammation, the growth and invasion of the ectopic endometrium, and angiogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel intercellular vesicle traffic, can be secreted by many kinds of cells, including macrophages. By carrying long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), or other molecules, EVs can regulate the biological functions of macrophages in an autocrine and paracrine manner, including ectopic lesion growth, immune dysfunction, angiogenesis, and can further accelerate the progression of EMs. In this review, the interactions between macrophages and EVs for the pathogenesis of EMs are summarized. Notably, the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms of EVs secreted by macrophages during EMs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Songping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
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20
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Reyes A, Hatcher JD, Salazar E, Galan J, Iliuk A, Sanchez EE, Suntravat M. Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Plasma and Peritoneal Exudate in Mice Induced by Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus Crude Venom and Its Purified Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein (Css-CRiSP). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:434. [PMID: 37505703 PMCID: PMC10467150 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is a frequent outcome of viperid snakebite envenomation, leading to local and systemic complications. We reported that snake venom cysteine-rich secretory proteins (svCRiSPs) from North American pit vipers increase vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. They also induce acute activation of several adhesion and signaling molecules that may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of snakebites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained interest for their diverse functions in intercellular communication, regulating cellular processes, blood-endothelium interactions, vascular permeability, and immune modulation. They also hold potential as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing, predicting, and monitoring therapeutic responses in different diseases. This study aimed to identify proteins in peritoneal exudate and plasma EVs isolated from BALB/c mice following a 30 min post-injection of Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus venom and its purified CRiSP (Css-CRiSP). EVs were isolated from these biofluids using the EVtrap method. Proteomic analysis of exudate- and plasma-derived EVs was performed using LC-MS/MS. We observed significant upregulation or downregulation of proteins involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, signal transduction, immune responses, and vesicle-mediated transports. These findings suggest that svCRiSPs play a crucial role in the acute effects of venom and contribute to the local and systemic toxicity of snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Reyes
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Joseph D. Hatcher
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Emelyn Salazar
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Jacob Galan
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Elda E. Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Montamas Suntravat
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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21
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Li Y, Cai L, Guo N, Liu C, Wang M, Zhu L, Li F, Jin L, Sui C. Oviductal extracellular vesicles from women with endometriosis impair embryo development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1171778. [PMID: 37409222 PMCID: PMC10319124 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1171778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the influence of oviductal extracellular vesicles from patients with endometriosis on early embryo development. Design In vitro experimental study. Setting University-affiliated hospital. Patients Women with and without endometriosis who underwent hysterectomy (n = 27 in total). Interventions None. Main outcome measures Oviductal extracellular vesicles from patients with endometriosis (oEV-EMT) or without endometriosis (oEV-ctrl) were isolated and co-cultured with two-cell murine embryos for 75 hours. Blastocyst rates were recorded. RNA sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed genes in blastocysts cultured either with oEV-EMT or with oEV-ctrl. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed to identify potential biological processes in embryos that oEV-EMT affects. The functions of oEV on early embryo development were determined by reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP), total cell numbers, and apoptotic cell proportions. Results Extracellular vesicles were successfully isolated from human Fallopian tubal fluid, and their characterizations were described. The blastocyst rates were significantly decreased in the oEV-EMT group. RNA sequencing revealed that oxidative phosphorylation was down-regulated in blastocysts cultured with oEV-EMT. Analysis of oxidative stress and apoptosis at the blastocysts stage showed that embryos cultured with oEV-EMT had increased ROS levels, decreased MMP, and increased apoptotic index. Total cell numbers were not influenced. Conclusion Oviductal extracellular vesicles from patients with endometriosis negatively influence early embryo development by down-regulating oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Sui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Beetler DJ, Di Florio DN, Bruno KA, Ikezu T, March KL, Cooper LT, Wolfram J, Fairweather D. Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101155. [PMID: 36456416 PMCID: PMC10073244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of EVs are cell source-specific, inducing distinct signaling responses in recipient cells. The specificity of EVs and their accumulation in fluid spaces that are accessible for liquid biopsies make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers and therapies for disease. The duality of EVs as favorable (therapeutic) or unfavorable (pathological) messengers is context dependent and remains to be fully determined in homeostasis and various disease states. This review describes the use of EVs as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and regenerative therapeutics, highlighting examples involving viral infections, cancer, and neurological diseases. There is growing interest to provide personalized therapy based on individual patient and disease characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that EV biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are ideal for personalized medicine due to the diversity and multifunctionality of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Beetler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Damian N Di Florio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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23
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Zheng F, Wang J, Wang D, Yang Q. Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071984. [PMID: 37046644 PMCID: PMC10093031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the key mediators of intercellular communication. They have the potential for clinical use as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers and have been explored as vectors for drug delivery. Identification of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers, such as sEVs, is important for early diagnosis and precise treatment of gynecologic diseases to improve patient prognosis. Previous reviews have summarized routine sEVs isolation and identification methods; however, novel and unconventional methods have not been comprehensively described. This review summarizes a convenient method of isolating sEVs from body fluids and liquid biopsy-related sEV markers for early, minimally invasive diagnosis of gynecologic diseases. In addition, the characteristics of sEVs as drug carriers and in precision treatment and drug resistance are introduced, providing a strong foundation for identifying novel and potential therapeutic targets for sEV therapy. We propose potential directions for further research on the applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic diseases.
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24
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Cressoni ACL, Penariol LBC, Padovan CC, Orellana MD, Rosa-E-Silva JC, Poli-Neto OB, Ferriani RA, de Paz CCP, Meola J. Downregulation of DROSHA: Could It Affect miRNA Biogenesis in Endometriotic Menstrual Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065963. [PMID: 36983035 PMCID: PMC10057010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) have gained prominence in the endometriosis scientific community, given their multifunctional roles in regenerative medicine as a noninvasive source for future clinical applications. In addition, changes in post-transcriptional regulation via miRNAs have been explored in endometriotic MenSCs with a role in modulating proliferation, angiogenesis, differentiation, stemness, self-renewal, and the mesenchymal-epithelial transition process. In this sense, homeostasis of the miRNA biosynthesis pathway is essential for several cellular processes and is related to the self-renewal and differentiation of progenitor cells. However, no studies have investigated the miRNA biogenesis pathway in endometriotic MenSCs. In this study, we profiled the expression of eight central genes for the miRNA biosynthesis pathway under experimental conditions involving a two-dimensional culture of MenSCs obtained from healthy women (n = 10) and women with endometriosis (n = 10) using RT-qPCR and reported a two-fold decrease in DROSHA expression in the disease. In addition, miR-128-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-452-3p, miR-216a-5p, miR-216b-5p, and miR-93-5p, which have been associated with endometriosis, were identified through in silico analyses as negative regulators of DROSHA. Because DROSHA is essential for miRNA maturation, our findings may justify the identification of different profiles of miRNAs with DROSHA-dependent biogenesis in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Lagazzi Cressoni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia B C Penariol
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Carolina Padovan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela D Orellana
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar Rosa-E-Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Omero Benedicto Poli-Neto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health (Hormona)-CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Cristina Paro de Paz
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health (Hormona)-CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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25
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The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:473-502. [PMID: 35980542 PMCID: PMC9794547 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) which may be useful as therapeutic delivery vehicles and as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are produced naturally within the human body and therefore are not prone to immunogenicity effects which would otherwise destroy unelicited foreign bodies. Clinically, they have been regarded as ideal candidates for applications relating to biomarker developments for the early detection of different diseases. Furthermore, exosomes may be of interest as potential drug delivery vehicles, which may improve factors such as bioavailability of loaded molecular cargo, side effect profiles, off-target effects, and pharmacokinetics of drug molecules. In this review, the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnostics will be explored, alongside exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles. This review will evaluate techniques for cargo loading, and the capacity of loaded exosomes to improve various reproductive disease states. It becomes important, therefore, to consider factors such as loading efficiency, loading methods, cell viability, exosomal sources, exosome isolation, and the potential therapeutic benefits of exosomes. Issues related to targeted drug delivery will also be discussed. Finally, the variety of therapeutic cargo and the application of appropriate loading methods is explored, in the context of establishing clinical utility. Exosomes have more recently been widely accpeted as potential tools for disease diagnostics and the targeted delivery of certain therapeutic molecules-and in due time exosomes will be utilised more commonly within the clinical setting. Specifically, exosomal biomarkers can be identified and related to various detrimental conditions which occur during pregnancy. Considering, this review will explore the potential future of exosomes as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic delivery vehicles to treat related conditions, including the challenges which exist towards incorporating exosomes within the clinical environment to benefit patients.
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26
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Scheck S, Paterson ESJ, Henry CE. A promising future for endometriosis diagnosis and therapy: extracellular vesicles - a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:174. [PMID: 36544197 PMCID: PMC9768904 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory gynaecological disease that can have severe negative impacts on quality of life and fertility, placing burden on patients and the healthcare system. Due to the heterogeneous nature of endometriosis, and the lack of correlation between symptom and surgical disease severity, diagnosis and treatment remain a significant clinical challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biologically active particles containing molecular cargo involved in intercellular communication, that can be exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.We systematically reviewed studies exploring EVs and their role in endometriosis, specifically addressing diagnostic and therapeutic potential and current understanding of pathophysiology. Five databases (Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for keywords 'endometriosis' and either 'extracellular vesicles' or 'exosomes'.There were 28 studies included in the review. Endometrium derived EVs contribute to the development of endometriosis. EVs derived from endometriosis lesions contribute to angiogenesis, immunomodulation and fibrosis. Such EVs can be detected in blood, with early data demonstrating utility in diagnosis and recurrence detection. EV isolation techniques varied between studies and only eight of twenty-eight studies fully characterised EVs according to current recommended standards. Reporting/type of endometriosis was limited across studies. Varied patient population, type of sample and isolation techniques created bias and difficulty in comparing studies.EVs hold promise for improving care for symptomatic patients who have never had surgery, as well as those with recurrent symptoms after previous surgery. We encourage further EV research in endometriosis with the inclusion of rigorous reporting of both the patient population and technical methodology used, with the ultimate goal of achieving clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis and eventually treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Scheck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wellington Hospital, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Emily S J Paterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire E Henry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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27
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Dong L, Xin X, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Yu C, Lian F, Wu H. Expression of long noncoding RNAs in the ovarian granulosa cells of women with diminished ovarian reserve using high-throughput sequencing. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:119. [PMID: 36309699 PMCID: PMC9617369 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility is a global reproductive-health problem, and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is one of the common causes of female infertility. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes in humans. However, whether lncRNAs are involved in the development of DOR remains to be elucidated. Methods Ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) extracted from infertile women with DOR and from women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the differential expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and lncRNAs. Sequencing results were validated by the selection of lncRNAs and mRNAs using real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Compared with the NOR group, a total of 244 lncRNAs were upregulated (53 known and 191 novel), and 222 lncRNAs were downregulated (36 known and 186 novel) in the DOR group. Similarly, 457 mRNAs had differential expression between the two groups. Of these, 169 were upregulated and 288 were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes of mRNA and lncRNAs were considerably enriched in “cell adhesion and apoptosis”, “steroid biosynthesis”, and “immune system”. A co-expression network comprising lncRNAs and their predicted target genes revealed the possible involvement of the “thyroid hormone signaling pathway” and “protein binding, digestion and absorption” in DOR pathogenesis. The expression of SLC16A10 was positively regulated by multiple lncRNAs. After RT-qPCR validation of seven differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, the expression of lncRNA NEAT1, GNG12, ZEB2-AS1, and mRNA FN1, HAS3, RGS4, SUOX were in accordance with RNA-sequencing. Conclusions We presented the first data showing that the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in OGCs between NOR and DOR patients using RNA sequencing. The lncRNAs and mRNAs that we identified may serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers for patients with DOR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-022-01053-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xin Xin
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chen Yu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Fang Lian
- MedicineReproductive and Genetic Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Haicui Wu
- MedicineReproductive and Genetic Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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28
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The role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity and their potential in reproductive therapeutics and diagnosis. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100645. [PMID: 35594727 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, nanometre sized, membrane-enclosed structures released by cells and are thought to be crucial in cellular communication. The cargo of these vesicles includes lipids, proteins, RNAs and DNA, and control various biological processes in their target tissues depending on the parental and receiver cell's origin and phenotype. Recently data has accumulated in the role of EVs in embryo implantation and pregnancy, with EVs identified in the uterine cavity of women, sheep, cows, horses, and mice, in which they aid blastocyst and endometrial preparation for implantation. Herein is a critical review to decipher the role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity and their potential in reproductive therapies and diagnosis. The current knowledge of the function of embryo and endometrial derived EVs and their cargoes, with regards to their effect on implantation and receptivity are summarized and evaluated. The findings of the below review highlight that the combined knowledge on EVs deriving from the endometrium and embryo have the potential to be translated to various clinical applications including treatment, a diagnostic biomarker for diseases and a drug delivery tool to ultimately improve pregnancy rates.
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29
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Barranco I, Salas-Huetos A, Berlanga A, Spinaci M, Yeste M, Ribas-Maynou J. Involvement of extracellular vesicle-encapsulated miRNAs in human reproductive disorders: a systematic review. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:751-775. [PMID: 35527383 DOI: 10.1071/rd21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as essential players in cell-to-cell communication, particularly having an active regulating role in biological systems. Because reproductive-associated processes are not exempt of this communication, multiple studies have been devoted to this realm, focusing on gamete maturation, embryo implantation or fetal development. The aim of the present review was to comprehensively and systematically collect evidence about the function of the microRNA (miRNA) encapsulated in EVs isolated from different reproductive tissues or fluids in reproductive-related diseases. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the literature published in MEDLINE-PubMed until the end of February 2021. After selection, 32 studies were included in the qualitative review comparing the miRNA expression profile in EVs between different pathological disorders. Most reports showed the potential of the miRNAs carried by EVs to be used as putative biomarkers of reproductive disorders, including pregnancy affections, disease progression and quality of preimplantation embryos. The most relevant miRNAs were found to be highly heterogeneous among studies, with some conflicting results. Further research is thus warranted to address whether cofounding factors, such as the methods to isolate EVs and miRNAs, the subset of EVs, the criteria of patient selection, the timing of sample retrieval, or any other factor, may explain the inconsistencies between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angel Berlanga
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marcella Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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30
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Navarro A, Bariani MV, Park HS, Zota AR, Al-Hendy A. Report of Exosomes Isolated from a Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cell Line and Their Impact on Endometrial Vascular Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:577. [PMID: 35631403 PMCID: PMC9143402 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumor in women of reproductive age; they cause irregular heavy menstrual bleeding leading to anemia and subsequent negative effects on quality of life. Exosomes have arisen as main players of disease progression in several illnesses, including a range of benign and malignant conditions; however, their role in leiomyomas' pathophysiology remains unknown. We investigated the effect of exosomes derived from human uterine leiomyoma tumor cells (HULM) and human myometrial cells (UTSM) on the behavior of human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (HEMEC). HULM- and UTSM-derived exosomes were isolated and cocultured with HEMECs. Then, cell proliferation, mRNA expression, tube formation assay, and RNA-seq were performed. Treatment of HEMEC with HULM-derived exosomes increased cell proliferation by 60% compared to control untreated cells, upregulated C-MYC and VEGFA expression levels, and increased tube formation, length, and branching (markers of angiogenesis). Profiling of miRNA revealed that 84 miRNAs were significantly downregulated and 71 were upregulated in HULM-derived exosomes compared to UTSM-derived exosomes. These findings suggest that HULM-derived exosomes might have effects on HEMEC function, containing factors that enhance endometrial proliferation and angiogenesis, which may contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding. Further research on exosomes in uterine leiomyoma may identify possible novel biomarkers for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Hang-Soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Ami R. Zota
- Department of Environment Health, Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
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31
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Soroczynska K, Zareba L, Dlugolecka M, Czystowska-Kuzmicz M. Immunosuppressive Extracellular Vesicles as a Linking Factor in the Development of Tumor and Endometriotic Lesions in the Gynecologic Tract. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091483. [PMID: 35563789 PMCID: PMC9105295 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both gynecological tumors and endometriosis require for their development a favorable environment, termed in the case of tumors a "pre-metastatic niche" and in case of endometriosis a "pro-endometriotic niche". This is characterized by chronic inflammation and immunosuppression that support the further progression of initial lesions. This microenvironment is established and shaped in the course of a vivid cross-talk between the tumor or endometrial cells with other stromal, endothelial and immune cells. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in this cellular communication, mediating both in tumors and endometriosis similar immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the latest findings about EVs as immunosuppressive factors, highlighting the parallels between gynecological tumors and endometriosis. Furthermore, we outline their role as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers as well as their future in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Soroczynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Zareba
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dlugolecka
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czystowska-Kuzmicz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Yates AG, Pink RC, Erdbrügger U, Siljander PR, Dellar ER, Pantazi P, Akbar N, Cooke WR, Vatish M, Dias‐Neto E, Anthony DC, Couch Y. In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo: Part II: Pathology: Part II: Pathology. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12190. [PMID: 35041301 PMCID: PMC8765328 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear from Part I of this series that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of most, if not all, normal physiological systems. However, the majority of our knowledge about EV signalling has come from studying them in disease. Indeed, EVs have consistently been associated with propagating disease pathophysiology. The analysis of EVs in biofluids, obtained in the clinic, has been an essential of the work to improve our understanding of their role in disease. However, to interfere with EV signalling for therapeutic gain, a more fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which they contribute to pathogenic processes is required. Only by discovering how the EV populations in different biofluids change-size, number, and physicochemical composition-in clinical samples, may we then begin to unravel their functional roles in translational models in vitro and in vivo, which can then feedback to the clinic. In Part II of this review series, the functional role of EVs in pathology and disease will be discussed, with a focus on in vivo evidence and their potential to be used as both biomarkers and points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G. Yates
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Ryan C. Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of NephrologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Pia R‐M. Siljander
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Paschalia Pantazi
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - William R. Cooke
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthJohn Radcliffe Hospital, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthJohn Radcliffe Hospital, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Emmanuel Dias‐Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics. A.C. Camargo Cancer CentreSão PauloBrazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM‐27) Institute of PsychiatrySão Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme ‐ Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Sun SG, Guo JJ, Qu XY, Tang XY, Lin YY, Hua KQ, Qiu JJ. The extracellular vesicular pseudogene LGMNP1 induces M2-like macrophage polarization by upregulating LGMN and serves as a novel promising predictive biomarker for ovarian endometriosis recurrence. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:447-465. [PMID: 34893848 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does ectopic endometrial stromal cell (Ecto-ESC)-derived extracellular vesicular Legumain pseudogene 1 (EV-LGMNP1), a newly identified pseudogene of Legumain (LGMN), contribute to M2-phenotype macrophage polarization, and does it predict recurrence in patients with ovarian endometriosis (EMs)? SUMMARY ANSWER EV-LGMNP1, which is abundant in Ecto-ESCs and serum from ovarian EMs, can direct macrophages towards an M2 phenotype by upregulating LGMN expression and is a promising biomarker for predicting ovarian EMs recurrence. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk to promote disease progression via cargo molecule transport. Recently, LGMNP1, a newly identified pseudogene of LGMN, has been reported to promote cancer progression by upregulating LGMN. LGMN is a well-studied protein that can induce M2-like polarization. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An in vitro study was conducted with Ecto-ESCs isolated from ectopic endometrial samples, collected from two patients with ovarian EMs (diagnosed by laparoscopy and histological analysis). A clinical retrospective cohort study of 52 ovarian EMs patients and 21 controls with available preoperative serum samples was carried out (2013-2017). The follow-up period ended either at the time of recurrence or on 31 December 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Ecto-ESC-derived EVs (EV/Ecto-ESCs) were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. EV internalization by THP-1 cells, which are the most widely used primary human macrophages model, was detected by fluorescence labelling. After EV treatment, THP-1 cell polarization was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses of CD86 (M1-related marker) and CD206 (M2-related marker). LGMNP1 mRNA expression level in EVs from both primary ectopic endometrioc stromal cells and serum was examined using qRT-PCR. Additionally, the expression of LGMN, the downstream target gene of LGMNP1, in THP-1 cells was evaluated using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to evaluate the independent predictive factors of EMs recurrence-free survival. A novel nomogram model based on serum EV-LGMNP1 was then formulated to predict EMs recurrence. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In vitro assays demonstrated that EV/Ecto-ESCs drove macrophages towards an M2-like phenotype. Moreover, LGMNP1 contributed to EV/Ecto-ESC-induced M2 macrophage polarization by upregulating LGMN mRNA expression levels. Clinically, serum EV-LGMNP1 was more highly expressed in recurrent EMs patients than in controls and EMs patients without recurrence. Survival analysis and our novel nomogram reconfirmed that serum EV-LGMNP1 was a novel promising and meaningful non-invasive biomarker for predicting EMs recurrence. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In vitro experiments were only performed on samples from two patients with ovarian endometriosis, and a larger sample size is needed. ESCs isolated from the eutopic endometrium of EMs and non-EMs patients should be studied in the future. Additionally, in vitro experiments should be performed using endometrial epithelium cells and further in vivo experiments, such as using mice endometriotic models to investigate whether EV/Ecto could induce M2 macrophage polarization, should be conducted. Moreover, multicentre, large-sample data are needed to validate our predictive nomogram model. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study provides novel insights into the mechanism of M2 polarization involved in ovarian EMs progression mediated by an 'EV-shuttled pseudogene LGMNP1' mode. In addition, serum EV-LGMNP1 may serve as a novel non-invasive biomarker for predicting recurrence, providing a new therapeutic target for ovarian EMs. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971361), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology (19ZR1406900), the Shanghai 'Rising Stars of Medical Talent' Youth Development Program (AB83030002019004), the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (SHDC2020CR4087), the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202040498), the Research and Innovation Project of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2019-01-07-00-07-E00050) and the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (SHDC2020CR1045B). There are no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J J Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Y Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Q Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J J Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lu Z, Gao Y. Screening differentially expressed genes between endometriosis and ovarian cancer to find new biomarkers for endometriosis. Ann Med 2021; 53:1377-1389. [PMID: 34409913 PMCID: PMC8381947 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1966087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Endometriosis is one of the most common reproductive system diseases, but the mechanisms of disease progression are still unclear. Due to its high recurrence rate, searching for potential therapeutic biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is an urgent issue. METHODS Due to the similarities between endometriosis and ovarian cancer, four endometriosis datasets and one ovarian cancer dataset were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Then, we validated gene expression and performed survival analysis with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) datasets in TCGA/GTEx database, and searched for potential drugs in the Drug-Gene Interaction Database. Finally, we explored the miRNAs of key genes to find biomarkers associated with the recurrence of endometriosis. RESULTS In total, 104 DEGs were identified in the endometriosis datasets, and the main enriched GO functions included cell adhesion, extracellular exosome and actin binding. Fifty DEGs were identified between endometriosis and ovarian cancer datasets including 11 consistently regulated genes, and nine DEGs with significant expression in TCGA/GTEx. Only IGHM had both significant expression and an association with survival, three module DEGs and two significantly expressed DEGs had drug associations, and 10 DEGs had druggability. CONCLUSIONS ITGA7, ITGBL1 and SORBS1 may help us understand the invasive nature of endometriosis, and IGHM might be related to recurrence; moreover, these genes all may be potential therapeutic targets.KEY MESSAGEThis manuscript used a bioinformatics approach to find target genes for the treatment of endometriosis.This manuscript used a new approach to find target genes by drawing on common characteristics between ovarian cancer and endometriosis.We screened relevant therapeutic agents for target genes in the drug database, and performed histological validation of target genes with both expression and survival analysis difference in cancer databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Leonova A, Turpin VE, Agarwal SK, Leonardi M, Foster WG. A critical appraisal of the circulating levels of differentially expressed microRNA in endometriosis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1075-1085. [PMID: 34244742 PMCID: PMC8599033 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition characterized by estrogen dependence, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and diagnostic delay of between 5.4 and 12 years. Despite extensive study, no biomarker, either alone or in combination with other markers, has proven superior to laparoscopy for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Recent studies report that circulating levels of differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA) in women with endometriosis compared with controls are potential diagnostic tools. However, the lack of replication and absence of validated differential expression in novel study populations have led some to question the diagnostic value of miRNA. To elucidate potential reasons for the lack of replication of study results and explore future directions to enhance replicability of circulating miRNA results, we carried out an electronic search of the miRNA literature published between 2000 and 2020. Eighteen studies were identified in which 63 different miRNAs were differentially expressed in the circulation of women with endometriosis compared with controls. However, the differential expressions of only 14 miRNAs were duplicated in one or more studies. While individual miRNAs lacked diagnostic value, miRNA panels yielded sensitivity and specificity equal to or better than laparoscopy in five studies. Important differences in study design, sample processing, and analytical methods were identified rendering direct comparisons across studies problematic and could account for the lack of reproducibility of study results. We conclude that while the results of miRNA studies to date are encouraging, refinements to study design and analytical methods should enhance the reliability of circulating miRNA for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria E Turpin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay K Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Center for Endometriosis Research and Treatment, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mathew Leonardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren G Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Center for Endometriosis Research and Treatment, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Wang X, Parodi L, Hawkins SM. Translational Applications of Linear and Circular Long Noncoding RNAs in Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10626. [PMID: 34638965 PMCID: PMC8508676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecologic disease that negatively affects the quality of life of many women. Unfortunately, endometriosis does not have a cure. The current medical treatments involve hormonal manipulation with unwanted side effects and high recurrence rates after stopping the medication. Sadly, a definitive diagnosis for endometriosis requires invasive surgical procedures, with the risk of complications, additional surgeries in the future, and a high rate of recurrence. Both improved therapies and noninvasive diagnostic tests are needed. The unique molecular features of endometriosis have been studied at the coding gene level. While the molecular components of endometriosis at the small RNA level have been studied extensively, other noncoding RNAs, such as long intergenic noncoding RNAs and the more recently discovered subset of long noncoding RNAs called circular RNAs, have been studied more limitedly. This review describes the molecular formation of long noncoding and the unique circumstances of the formation of circular long noncoding RNAs, their expression and function in endometriosis, and promising preclinical studies. Continued translational research on long noncoding RNAs, including the more stable circular long noncoding RNAs, may lead to improved therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Luca Parodi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Istituto Clinico Sant’Anna, 25127 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Shannon M. Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
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Giacomini E, Minetto S, Li Piani L, Pagliardini L, Somigliana E, Viganò P. Genetics and Inflammation in Endometriosis: Improving Knowledge for Development of New Pharmacological Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169033. [PMID: 34445738 PMCID: PMC8396487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a rich body of literature, immune cell dysfunctions, both locally and systemically, and an inflammatory environment characterize all forms of endometriosis. Alterations in transcripts and proteins involved in the recruitment of immune cells, in the interaction between cytokines and their receptors, cellular adhesion and apoptosis have been demonstrated in endometriotic lesions. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the components and mechanisms at the intersection between inflammation and genetics that may constitute vanguard therapeutic approaches in endometriosis. The GWAS technology and pathway-based analysis highlighted the role of the MAPK and the WNT/β-catenin cascades in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. These signaling pathways have been suggested to interfere with the disease establishment via several mechanisms, including apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. Extracellular vesicle-associated molecules may be not only interesting to explain some aspects of endometriosis progression, but they may also serve as therapeutic regimens per se. Immune/inflammatory dysfunctions have always represented attractive therapeutic targets in endometriosis. These would be even more interesting if genetic evidence supported the involvement of functional pathways at the basis of these alterations. Targeting these dysfunctions through next-generation inhibitors can constitute a therapeutic alternative for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giacomini
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Sabrina Minetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Letizia Li Piani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Luca Pagliardini
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Paola Viganò
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5503-4302
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Circulating miRNAs Related to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMT) as the New Molecular Markers in Endometriosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:900-916. [PMID: 34449536 PMCID: PMC8929046 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus, most commonly in the peritoneal cavity. Endometriosis lesions are heterogenous but usually contain endometrial stromal cells and epithelial glands, immune cell infiltrates and are vascularized and innervated by nerves. The complex etiopathogenesis and heterogenity of the clinical symptoms, as well as the lack of a specific non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, underline the need for more advanced diagnostic tools. Unfortunately, the contribution of environmental, hormonal and immunological factors in the disease etiology is insufficient, and the contribution of genetic/epigenetic factors is still fragmentary. Therefore, there is a need for more focused study on the molecular mechanisms of endometriosis and non-invasive diagnostic monitoring systems. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate high stability and tissue specificity and play a significant role in modulating a range of molecular pathways, and hence may be suitable diagnostic biomarkers for the origin and development of endometriosis. Of these, the most frequently studied are those related to endometriosis, including those involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), whose expression is altered in plasma or endometriotic lesion biopsies; however, the results are ambiguous. Specific miRNAs expressed in endometriosis may serve as diagnostics markers with prognostic value, and they have been proposed as molecular targets for treatment. The aim of this review is to present selected miRNAs associated with EMT known to have experimentally confirmed significance, and discuss their utility as biomarkers in endometriosis.
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Lu HY, Wang GY, Zhao JW, Jiang HT. Knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 ameliorates acute kidney injury by mediating the miR-204/APOL1 pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23881. [PMID: 34240756 PMCID: PMC8373329 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) was characterized by loss of renal function, associated with chronic kidney disease, end‐stage renal disease, and length of hospital stay. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participated in AKI development and progression. Here, we aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of lncRNA MALAT1 in AKI. Methods AKI serum samples were obtained from 129 AKI patients. ROC analysis was conducted to confirm the diagnostic value of MALAT1 in differentiating AKI from healthy volunteers. After hypoxic treatment on HK‐2 cells, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, MALAT1, miR‐204, APOL1, p65, and p‐p65, were measured by RT‐qPCR and Western blot assays. The targeted relationship between miR‐204 and MALAT1 or miR‐204 and APOL1 was determined by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull‐down analysis. After transfection, CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining assays were performed to evaluate the effects of MALAT1 and miR‐204 on AKI progression. Results From the results, lncRNA MALAT1 was strongly elevated in serum samples from AKI patients, with the high sensitivity and specificity concerning differentiating AKI patients from healthy controls. In vitro, we established the AKI cell model after hypoxic treatment. After experiencing hypoxia, we found significantly increased MALAT1, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α expressions along with decreased miR‐204 level. Moreover, the targeted relationship between MALAT1 and miR‐204 was confirmed. Silencing of MALAT1 could reverse hypoxia‐triggered promotion of HK‐2 cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the increase of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α after hypoxia treatment could be repressed by MALAT1 knockdown as well. After co‐transfection with MALAT1 silencing and miR‐204 inhibition, we found that miR‐204 could counteract the effects of MALAT1 on HK‐2 cell progression and inflammation after under hypoxic conditions. Finally, NF‐κB signaling was inactivated while APOL1 expression was increased in HK‐2 cells after hypoxia treatment, and lncRNA MALAT1 inhibition reactivated NF‐κB signaling while suppressed APOL1 expression by sponging miR‐204. Conclusions Collectively, these results illustrated that knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 could ameliorate AKI progression and inflammation by targeting miR‐204 through APOL1/NF‐κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Guo-Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jin-Wen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Hai-Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
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Ticconi C, Di Simone N, Campagnolo L, Fazleabas A. Clinical consequences of defective decidualization. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101586. [PMID: 34217128 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decidualization is characterized by a series of genetic, metabolic, morphological, biochemical, vascular and immune changes occurring in the endometrial stroma in response to the implanting embryo or even before conception and involves the stromal cells of the endometrium. It is a fundamental reproductive event occurring in mammalian species with hemochorial placentation. A growing body of experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggests that defective or disrupted decidualization contributes to the establishment of an inappropriate maternal-fetal interface. This has relevant clinical consequences, ranging from recurrent implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss in early pregnancy to several significant complications of advanced gestation. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that selected diseases of the endometrium, such as chronic endometritis and endometriosis, can have a detrimental impact on the decidualization response in the endometrium and may help explain some aspects of the reduced reproductive outcome associated with these conditions. Further research efforts are needed to fully understand the biomolecular mechanisms ans events underlying an abnormal decidualization response. This will permit the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed to improve the likelihood of achieveing a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ticconi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS, Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Asgerally Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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Sun X, Feinberg MW. Vascular Endothelial Senescence: Pathobiological Insights, Emerging Long Noncoding RNA Targets, Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693067. [PMID: 34220553 PMCID: PMC8242592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable form of cell cycle arrest in response to various stressors. While it serves as an endogenous pro-resolving mechanism, detrimental effects ensue when it is dysregulated. In this review, we introduce recent advances for cellular senescence and inflammaging, the underlying mechanisms for the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in tissues during aging, new knowledge learned from p16 reporter mice, and the development of machine learning algorithms in cellular senescence. We focus on pathobiological insights underlying cellular senescence of the vascular endothelium, a critical interface between blood and all tissues. Common causes and hallmarks of endothelial senescence are highlighted as well as recent advances in endothelial senescence. The regulation of cellular senescence involves multiple mechanistic layers involving chromatin, DNA, RNA, and protein levels. New targets are discussed including the roles of long noncoding RNAs in regulating endothelial cellular senescence. Emerging small molecules are highlighted that have anti-aging or anti-senescence effects in age-related diseases and impact homeostatic control of the vascular endothelium. Lastly, challenges and future directions are discussed including heterogeneity of endothelial cells and endothelial senescence, senescent markers and detection of senescent endothelial cells, evolutionary differences for immune surveillance in mice and humans, and long noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in attenuating cellular senescence. Accumulating studies indicate that cellular senescence is reversible. A better understanding of endothelial cellular senescence through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions holds promise to foster a new frontier in the management of cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases Through Dietary Molecules, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Freger S, Leonardi M, Foster WG. Exosomes and their cargo are important regulators of cell function in endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:370-378. [PMID: 34272164 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic oestrogen-dependent gynaecological disorder characterized by non-menstrual pelvic pain, infertility and the extrauterine growth of endometrial-like glands and stroma. It has been noted that the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis is functionally distinct from that of women without endometriosis. Moreover, ectopic endometrial implants are functionally different from the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. However, the mechanisms directing these differences are ill-defined. It is proposed here that small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles called exosomes are important vehicles in the protection and transport of signalling molecules central to the dysregulation of endometrial function in women with endometriosis. Therefore, a critical review of the literature linking exosomes and their cargo to the pathobiology of endometriosis was conducted. Circulating peritoneal fluid and endometrial cell exosomes contained long non-coding RNA, miRNA and proteins involved in histone modification, angiogenesis and immune modulation that differed significantly in women with endometriosis compared with controls. Moreover, experimental evidence supports a role for exosomes and their cargo in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, immune modulation and endometrial stromal cell invasion. It is therefore suggested that exosomes play an important role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Freger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mathew Leonardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warren George Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Lee SR, Lee JC, Kim SH, Oh YS, Chae HD, Seo H, Kang CS, Shin TS. Altered Composition of Microbiota in Women with Ovarian Endometrioma: Microbiome Analyses of Extracellular Vesicles in the Peritoneal Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094608. [PMID: 33925708 PMCID: PMC8124866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota refers to living microorganisms which colonize our body and crucially contribute to the metabolism of nutrients and various physiologic functions. According to recently accumulated evidence, human microbiota dysbiosis in the genital tract or pelvic cavity could be involved in the pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology of endometriosis. We aimed to investigate whether the composition of microbiome is altered in the peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis. We recruited 45 women with histological evidence of ovarian endometrioma and 45 surgical controls without endometriosis. Following the isolation of extracellular vesicles from peritoneal fluid samples from women with and without endometriosis, bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA V3–V4 regions. Diversity analysis showed significant differences in the microbial community at phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels between the two groups. The abundance of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Enhydrobacter significantly increased while the abundance of Propionibacterium, Actinomyces, and Rothia significantly decreased in the endometriosis group compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). These findings strongly suggest that microbiome composition is altered in the peritoneal environment in women with endometriosis. Further studies are necessary to verify whether dysbiosis itself can cause establishment and/or progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Ra Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-R.L.); (J.-C.L.); (Y.-S.O.); (H.-D.C.)
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-R.L.); (J.-C.L.); (Y.-S.O.); (H.-D.C.)
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-R.L.); (J.-C.L.); (Y.-S.O.); (H.-D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3010-3647; Fax: +82-2-476-7331
| | - Young-Sang Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-R.L.); (J.-C.L.); (Y.-S.O.); (H.-D.C.)
| | - Hee-Dong Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-R.L.); (J.-C.L.); (Y.-S.O.); (H.-D.C.)
| | - Hochan Seo
- MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 121-270, Korea; (H.S.); (C.-S.K.); (T.-S.S.)
| | - Chil-Sung Kang
- MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 121-270, Korea; (H.S.); (C.-S.K.); (T.-S.S.)
| | - Tae-Seop Shin
- MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul 121-270, Korea; (H.S.); (C.-S.K.); (T.-S.S.)
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Machtinger R, Baccarelli AA, Wu H. Extracellular vesicles and female reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:549-557. [PMID: 33471231 PMCID: PMC7910356 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-02048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane bound complexes that have been identified as a mean for intercellular communication between cells and tissues both in physiological and pathological conditions. These vesicles contain numerous molecules involved in signal transduction including microRNAs, mRNAs, DNA, proteins, lipids, and cytokines and can affect the behavior of recipient cells. Female reproduction is dependent on extremely fine-tuned endocrine regulation, and EVs may represent an added layer that contributes to this regulation. This narrative review article provides an update on the research of the role of EVs in female reproduction including folliculogenesis, fertilization, embryo quality, and implantation. We also highlight potential pitfalls in typical EV studies and discuss gaps in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Machtinger
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Environmental Precision Biosciences Laboratory, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Environmental Precision Biosciences Laboratory, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Esfandyari S, Elkafas H, Chugh RM, Park HS, Navarro A, Al-Hendy A. Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042165. [PMID: 33671587 PMCID: PMC7926632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and treatment of the related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formally, (NODCAR), Cairo 35521, Egypt
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-773-832-0742
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Jiang L, Wan Y, Feng Z, Liu D, Ouyang L, Li Y, Liu K. Long Noncoding RNA UCA1 Is Related to Autophagy and Apoptosis in Endometrial Stromal Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:618472. [PMID: 33680939 PMCID: PMC7931686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.618472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION The expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) in embryonic tissues is higher than that in most cancer tissues, such as bladder cancer, indicating that RNA is a carcinoembryonic antigen. However, there are no published reports on the role of UCA1 in endometriosis (EMS). Therefore, to address this gap in knowledge, we assessed the potential role of lncRNA UCA1 in the pathogenesis and progression of EMS. DESIGN To verify the expression of UCA1 in EMS, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used. RNA interference (siRNA) was used to study the biological function of UCA1 in EMS in vitro. RESULTS qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of lncRNA UCA1 in EMS was increased (P<0.01). Knockdown of UCA1 in vitro significantly inhibited the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and induced autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSION UCA1 is highly expressed in EMS and promotes the proliferation of ESCs but suppresses autophagy and apoptosis. In EMS, UCA1 may be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yahui Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyi Feng
- College of Clinical Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kuiran Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Identification of candidate microRNA markers of endometriosis with the use of next-generation sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fertil Steril 2021; 113:1232-1241. [PMID: 32482255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel candidate diagnostic microRNA (miRNA) markers of endometriosis by means of an unbiased search with confirmation by means of targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING University teaching hospitals. PATIENT(S) Women with endometriosis and control women, confirmed with the use of laparoscopy. INTERVENTIONS(S) Diagnostic laparoscopy and blood sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULT(S) Candidate miRNAs differentially expressed in women with endometriosis compared with control women were identified by means of NGS and selected for qRT-PCR. Plasma samples from another cohort of women with surgically confirmed endometriosis (n = 53) and disease-free control women (n = 53) were checked for hemolysis using spectrophotometry and the ratio of miR-23a and miR-451 by means of qRT-PCR. MicroRNA signatures were quantified by means of qRT-PCR in hemolysis-free plasma samples of case subjects (n = 25) and control subjects (n = 28) with the use of miRcury LNA miRNA. Circulating levels of eight miRNAs (miR-199a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-340-5p, let-7b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-103a-3p) were significantly lower in case subjects compared to control subjects. The sensitivity and specificity for individual miRNAs ranged from 0.36 to 1.00 and from 0.43 to 1.00, respectively, but when combined produced sensitivity and specificity of 0.92 and 0.86 with positive (PPV) and (NPV) predictive values of 0.85 and 0.92, respectively. However, combination of five miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-143-3p, and let-7b-5p) produced sensitivity and specificity of 0.96 and 0.79 with PPV and NPV of 0.80 and 0.96, respectively. CONCLUSION(S) We conclude that a panel of candidate miRNAs was comparable to laparoscopy in distinguishing between women with endometriosis and control women.
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48
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Mishra A, Ashary N, Sharma R, Modi D. Extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and disorders of the endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13360. [PMID: 33064348 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of the embryo is a rate-limiting step for a successful pregnancy, and it requires an intricate crosstalk between the embryo and the endometrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed, nano-sized structures produced by cells to mediate cell to cell communication and modulate a diverse set of biological processes. Herein, we review the involvement of EVs in the process of embryo implantation and endometrial diseases. EVs have been isolated from uterine fluid, cultured endometrial epithelial/stromal cells and trophectodermal cells. The endometrial epithelial and stromal/decidual cell-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized bythe trophoblast cells, and they regulate a diverse set of genes involved in adhesion, invasion and migration. Conversely, the embryo-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized by epithelial and immune cells of the endometrium for biosensing and immunomodulation required for successful implantation. EVs have also been shown to play a role in infertility, recurrent implantation failure, endometriosis, endometritis and endometrial cancer. Further research should set a stage for EVs as non-invasive "liquid biopsy" tools for assessment of endometrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mishra
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nancy Ashary
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Sharma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
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49
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Jiang NX, Li XL. The Complicated Effects of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cargos on Embryo Implantation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681266. [PMID: 34149619 PMCID: PMC8213030 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a rate-limiting step in pregnancy, embryo implantation is highly dependent on intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly identified to be important in the course of intercellular communication. EVs have been isolated from a wide variety of biofluids and tissues, including plasma, liver, uterine, semen, embryo, etc. The present and future use of EVs not only as biomarkers, but also as targeting drug delivery system, is promisingly pave the way for advanced comprehension of implantation failure in reproductive diseases. However, as the precise mechanisms of EVs in embryo implantation has not been elucidated yet. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the diverse effects of EVs from various sources and their cargos such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, protein, etc. on embryo implantation, and the potential mechanisms of EVs in reproductive diseases such as recurrent implantation failure, polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. It is essential to note that many of the biologically plausible functions of EVs in embryo implantation discussed in present literatures still need further research in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xing Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Lian Li,
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50
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Zhou G, Gu Y, Zhou F, Zhang M, Zhang G, Wu L, Hua K, Ding J. The Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Infertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:758206. [PMID: 34745016 PMCID: PMC8569852 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.758206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is becoming much more common and affects more couples. The past years witnessed the rapid development of the diagnosis and treatment upon infertility, which give numerous coupled more opportunities become parents. Extracellular vesicles are known as nano-sized membrane vesicles to play a major role in intracellular communication. In recent years, several basic and clinical studies have tried to investigate the correlation between the reproductive health/disorder and extracellular vesicles. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we reviewed the relationship between reproductive physiology and extracellular vesicles, and then collectively focused on the recent findings on the relationship between extracellular and infertility, and its consequent influence on the novel insight regarding the therapeutic strategies for infertility in the future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyue Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Menglei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganrong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Ding, ; Keqin Hua, ; Ligang Wu,
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Ding, ; Keqin Hua, ; Ligang Wu,
| | - Jingxin Ding
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Ding, ; Keqin Hua, ; Ligang Wu,
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