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Centeno D, Farsinejad S, Kochetkova E, Volpari T, Gladych-Macioszek A, Klupczynska-Gabryszak A, Polotaye T, Greenberg M, Kung D, Hyde E, Alshehri S, Pavlovic T, Sullivan W, Plewa S, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Monsma FJ, Muller PAJ, Matysiak J, Zaborowski MP, DiFeo A, Norberg E, Martin LA, Iwanicki M. Modeling of Intracellular Taurine Levels Associated with Ovarian Cancer Reveals Activation of p53, ERK, mTOR and DNA-Damage-Sensing-Dependent Cell Protection. Nutrients 2024; 16:1816. [PMID: 38931171 PMCID: PMC11206249 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a non-proteogenic amino acid and commonly used nutritional supplement, can protect various tissues from degeneration associated with the action of the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Whether and how taurine protects human ovarian cancer (OC) cells from DNA damage caused by cisplatin is not well understood. We found that OC ascites-derived cells contained significantly more intracellular taurine than cell culture-modeled OC. In culture, elevation of intracellular taurine concentration to OC ascites-cell-associated levels suppressed proliferation of various OC cell lines and patient-derived organoids, reduced glycolysis, and induced cell protection from cisplatin. Taurine cell protection was associated with decreased DNA damage in response to cisplatin. A combination of RNA sequencing, reverse-phase protein arrays, live-cell microscopy, flow cytometry, and biochemical validation experiments provided evidence for taurine-mediated induction of mutant or wild-type p53 binding to DNA, activation of p53 effectors involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle (p21), and glycolysis (TIGAR). Paradoxically, taurine's suppression of cell proliferation was associated with activation of pro-mitogenic signal transduction including ERK, mTOR, and increased mRNA expression of major DNA damage-sensing molecules such as DNAPK, ATM and ATR. While inhibition of ERK or p53 did not interfere with taurine's ability to protect cells from cisplatin, suppression of mTOR with Torin2, a clinically relevant inhibitor that also targets DNAPK and ATM/ATR, broke taurine's cell protection. Our studies implicate that elevation of intracellular taurine could suppress cell growth and metabolism, and activate cell protective mechanisms involving mTOR and DNA damage-sensing signal transducti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Centeno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Sadaf Farsinejad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Elena Kochetkova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.K.); (H.V.-N.); (E.N.)
| | - Tatiana Volpari
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10019, USA; (T.V.); (W.S.); (F.J.M.J.)
| | | | - Agnieszka Klupczynska-Gabryszak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (A.K.-G.); (S.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Teagan Polotaye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Michael Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Douglas Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Emily Hyde
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Sarah Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - Tonja Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
| | - William Sullivan
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10019, USA; (T.V.); (W.S.); (F.J.M.J.)
| | - Szymon Plewa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (A.K.-G.); (S.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Helin Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.K.); (H.V.-N.); (E.N.)
| | - Frederick J. Monsma
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10019, USA; (T.V.); (W.S.); (F.J.M.J.)
| | | | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (A.K.-G.); (S.P.); (J.M.)
| | | | - Analisa DiFeo
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Erik Norberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.K.); (H.V.-N.); (E.N.)
| | - Laura A. Martin
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10019, USA; (T.V.); (W.S.); (F.J.M.J.)
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (D.C.); (S.F.); (T.P.); (M.G.); (D.K.); (E.H.); (S.A.); (T.P.)
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Centeno D, Farsinejad S, Kochetkova E, Volpari T, Gladych-Macioszek A, Klupczynska-Gabryszak A, Polotaye T, Greenberg M, Kung D, Hyde E, Alshehri S, Pavlovic T, Sullivan W, Plewa S, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Monsma FJ, Muller PAJ, Matysiak J, Zaborowski M, DiFeo A, Norberg E, Martin LA, Iwanicki M. Modeling of Intracellular Taurine Levels Associated with Ovarian Cancer Reveals Activation of p53, ERK, mTOR and DNA-damage-sensing-dependent Cell Protection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.24.529893. [PMID: 36909636 PMCID: PMC10002676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Taurine, a non-proteogenic amino acid, and commonly used nutritional supplement can protect various tissues from degeneration associated with the action of the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Whether and how taurine protects human ovarian cancer (OC) cells from DNA damage caused by cisplatin is not well understood. We have found that OC ascites-derived cells contained significantly more intracellular taurine than cell cultures modeling OC. In culture, elevation of intracellular taurine concentration to OC ascites-cells-associated levels suppressed proliferation of various OC cell lines and patient-derived organoids, reduced glycolysis, and induced cell protection from cisplatin. Taurine cell protection was associated with decreased DNA damage in response to cisplatin. A combination of RNA sequencing, reverse phase protein arrays, live-cell microscopy, flow cytometry, and biochemical validation experiments provided evidence for taurine-mediated induction of mutant- or wild-type p53 binding to DNA, and activation of p53 effectors involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle (p21), and glycolysis (TIGAR). Paradoxically, taurine's suppression of cell proliferation was associated with activation of pro-mitogenic signal transduction including ERK, mTOR, and increased mRNA expression of major DNA damage sensing molecules such as DNAPK, ATM and ATR. While inhibition of ERK or p53 did not interfere with taurine's ability to protect cells from cisplatin, suppression of mTOR with Torin2, a clinically relevant inhibitor that also targets DNAPK and ATM/ATR, broke taurine's cell protection. Our studies implicate that elevation of intracellular taurine could suppress cell growth, metabolism, and activate cell protective mechanisms involving mTOR and DNA damage sensing signal transduction.
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He D, Zhang X, Chang Z, Liu Z, Li B. Survival time prediction in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer based on 18F-FDG PET/CT- derived inter-tumor heterogeneity metrics. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:337. [PMID: 38475819 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of heterogeneity is a significant attribute within the context of ovarian cancer. This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of models utilizing quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT derived inter-tumor heterogeneity metrics in determining progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Additionally, the study investigated the potential correlation between model risk scores and the expression levels of p53 and Ki-67. METHODS A total of 292 patients diagnosed with HGSOC were retrospectively enrolled at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (median age: 54 ± 9.4 years). Quantitative inter-tumor heterogeneity metrics were calculated based on conventional measurements and texture features of primary and metastatic lesions in 18F-FDG PET/CT. Conventional models, heterogeneity models, and integrated models were then constructed to predict PFS and OS. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to evaluate the correlation between immunohistochemical scores of p53 and Ki-67 and model risk scores. RESULTS The C-indices of the integrated models were the highest for both PFS and OS models. The C-indices of the training set and testing set of the integrated PFS model were 0.898 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.881-0.914) and 0.891 (95% CI: 0.860-0.921), respectively. For the integrated OS model, the C-indices of the training set and testing set were 0.894 (95% CI: 0.871-0.917) and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.873-0.936), respectively. The integrated PFS model showed the strongest correlation with the expression levels of p53 (ρ = 0.859, p < 0.001) and Ki-67 (ρ = 0.829, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The models based on 18F-FDG PET/CT quantitative inter-tumor heterogeneity metrics exhibited good performance for predicting the PFS and OS of patients with HGSOC. p53 and Ki-67 expression levels were strongly correlated with the risk scores of the integrated predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianning He
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Chang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Li
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
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Shea AA, Heffron CL, Grieco JP, Roberts PC, Schmelz EM. Obesity modulates the cellular and molecular microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity: implication for ovarian cancer risk. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1323399. [PMID: 38264656 PMCID: PMC10803595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abdominal obesity increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer but the molecular mechanisms of how obesity supports ovarian cancer development remain unknown. Here we investigated the impact of obesity on the immune cell and gene expression profiles of distinct abdominal tissues, focusing on the peritoneal serous fluid (PSF) and the omental fat band (OFB) as critical determinants for the dissemination of ovarian metastases and early metastatic events within the peritoneal cavity. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks until the body weights in the HFD group were significantly higher and the mice displayed an impaired glucose tolerance. Then the mice were injected with the murine ovarian cancer cells (MOSE-LTICv) while remaining on their diets. After 21 days, the mice were sacrificed, tumor burden was evaluated and tissues were harvested. The immune cell composition of abdominal tissues and changes in gene expression in the PSF and OFB were evaluated by flow cytometry and qPCR RT2-profiler PCR arrays and confirmed by qRT-PCR, respectively. Other peritoneal adipose tissues including parametrial and retroperitoneal white adipose tissues as well as blood were also investigated. Results While limited effects were observed in the other peritoneal adipose tissues, feeding mice the HFD led to distinct changes in the immune cell composition in the PSF and the OFB: a depletion of B cells but an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and mono/granulocytes, generating pro-inflammatory environments with increased expression of cyto- and chemokines, and genes supporting adhesion, survival, and growth, as well as suppression of apoptosis. This was associated with a higher peritoneal tumor burden compared to mice fed a LFD. Changes in cellular and genetic profiles were often exacerbated by the HFD. There was a large overlap in genes that were modulated by both the HFD and the cancer cells, suggesting that this 'genetic fingerprint' is important for ovarian metastases to the OFB. Discussion In accordance with the 'seed and soil' theory, our studies show that obesity contributes to the generation of a pro-inflammatory peritoneal environment that supports the survival of disseminating ovarian cancer cells in the PSF and the OFB and enhances the early metastatic adhesion events in the OFB through an increase in extracellular matrix proteins and modulators such as fibronectin 1 and collagen I expression as well as in genes supporting growth and invasion such as Tenacin C. The identified genes could potentially be used as targets for prevention strategies to lower the ovarian cancer risk in women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. Shea
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Connie Lynn Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joseph P. Grieco
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Paul C. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Mauro LJ, Spartz A, Austin JR, Lange CA. Reevaluating the Role of Progesterone in Ovarian Cancer: Is Progesterone Always Protective? Endocr Rev 2023; 44:1029-1046. [PMID: 37261958 PMCID: PMC11048595 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) represents a collection of rare but lethal gynecologic cancers where the difficulty of early detection due to an often-subtle range of abdominal symptoms contributes to high fatality rates. With the exception of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, OC most often manifests as a post-menopausal disease, a time in which the ovaries regress and circulating reproductive hormones diminish. Progesterone is thought to be a "protective" hormone that counters the proliferative actions of estrogen, as can be observed in the uterus or breast. Like other steroid hormone receptor family members, the transcriptional activity of the nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR) may be ligand dependent or independent and is fully integrated with other ubiquitous cell signaling pathways often altered in cancers. Emerging evidence in OC models challenges the singular protective role of progesterone/nPR. Herein, we integrate the historical perspective of progesterone on OC development and progression with exciting new research findings and critical interpretations to help paint a broader picture of the role of progesterone and nPR signaling in OC. We hope to alleviate some of the controversy around the role of progesterone and give insight into the importance of nPR actions in disease progression. A new perspective on the role of progesterone and nPR signaling integration will raise awareness to the complexity of nPRs and nPR-driven gene regulation in OC, help to reveal novel biomarkers, and lend critical knowledge for the development of better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mauro
- Department of Animal Science-Physiology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia R Austin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation) and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Haagsma J, Kolendowski B, Buensuceso A, Valdes YR, DiMattia GE, Shepherd TG. Gain-of-function p53 R175H blocks apoptosis in a precursor model of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11424. [PMID: 37452087 PMCID: PMC10349050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a highly lethal malignancy for which early detection is a challenge and treatment of late-stage disease is ineffective. HGSC initiation involves exfoliation of fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells which form multicellular clusters called spheroids that colonize and invade the ovary. HGSC contains universal mutation of the tumour suppressor gene TP53. However, not all TP53 mutations are the same, as specific p53 missense mutants contain gain-of-function (GOF) properties that drive tumour formation. Additionally, the role of GOF p53 in spheroid-mediated spread is poorly understood. In this study, we developed and characterized an in vitro model of HGSC based on mutation of TP53 in mouse oviductal epithelial cells (OVE). We discovered increased bulk spheroid survival and increased anchorage-independent growth in OVE cells expressing the missense mutant p53R175H compared to OVE parental and Trp53ko cells. Transcriptomic analysis on spheroids identified decreased apoptosis signaling due to p53R175H. Further assessment of the apoptosis pathway demonstrated decreased expression of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling molecules due to Trp53 deletion and p53R175H, but Caspase-3 activation was only decreased in spheroids with p53R175H. These results highlight this model as a useful tool for discovering early HGSC transformation mechanisms and uncover a potential anti-apoptosis GOF mechanism of p53R175H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Haagsma
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bart Kolendowski
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Buensuceso
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel E DiMattia
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer: Genomic dysregulation, clinical evaluation of inhibitors, and potential for combinatorial therapies. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:293-306. [PMID: 36911068 PMCID: PMC9999170 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been sought as therapeutic targets for EOC, as they are frequently hyperactivated in primary tumors and drive disease relapse, progression, and metastasis. More recently, these oncogenic drivers have been implicated in EOC response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and epigenome-interfering agents. This evidence revives RTKs as promising targets for therapeutic intervention of EOC. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of RTKs in EOC malignancy and the use of their inhibitors for clinical treatment. Our focus is on the ERBB family, c-Met, and VEGFR, as they are linked to drug resistance and targetable using commercially available drugs. The importance of these RTKs and their inhibitors is highlighted by their impact on signal transduction and intratumoral heterogeneity in EOC and successful use as maintenance therapy in the clinic through suppression of the VEGF/VEGFR axis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of RTK inhibitors is discussed in the context of combinatorial targeting via co-inhibiting proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, epigenomic/transcriptional programs, and harnessing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors and programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 immune checkpoint therapies.
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Brown Y, Hua S, Tanwar PS. Extracellular Matrix in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Advances in Understanding of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology. Matrix Biol 2023; 118:16-46. [PMID: 36781087 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is notoriously known as the "silent killer" of post-menopausal women as it has an insidious progression and is the deadliest gynaecological cancer. Although a dual origin of HGSOC is now widely accepted, there is growing evidence that most cases of HGSOC originate from the fallopian tube epithelium. In this review, we will address the fallopian tube origin and involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in HGSOC development. There is limited research on the role of ECM at the earliest stages of HGSOC carcinogenesis. Here we aim to synthesise current understanding on the contribution of ECM to each stage of HGSOC development and progression, beginning at serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursor lesions and proceeding across key events including dissemination of tumourigenic fallopian tube epithelial cells to the ovary, survival of these cells in peritoneal fluid as multicellular aggregates, and colonisation of the ovary. Likewise, as part of the metastatic series of events, serous ovarian cancer cells survive travel in peritoneal fluid, attach to, migrate across the mesothelium and invade into the sub-mesothelial matrix of secondary sites in the peritoneal cavity. Halting cancer at the pre-metastatic stage and finding ways to stop the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells from the primary site is critical for improving patient survival. The development of drug resistance also contributes to poor survival statistics in HGSOC. In this review, we provide an update on the involvement of the ECM in metastasis and drug resistance in HGSOC. Interplay between different cell-types, growth factor gradients as well as evolving ECM composition and organisation, creates microenvironment conditions that promote metastatic progression and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. By understanding ECM involvement in the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of HGSOC, this may prompt ideas for further research for developing new early diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies for HGSOC with the end goal of improving patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Brown
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
| | - Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
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9
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Doberstein K, Spivak R, Reavis HD, Hooda J, Feng Y, Kroeger PT, Stuckelberger S, Mills GB, Devins KM, Schwartz LE, Iwanicki MP, Fogel M, Altevogt P, Drapkin R. L1CAM is required for early dissemination of fallopian tube carcinoma precursors to the ovary. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1362. [PMID: 36509990 PMCID: PMC9744873 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) arise from Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC) lesions in the distal end of the fallopian tube (FT). Formation of STIC lesions from FT secretory cells leads to seeding of the ovarian surface, with rapid tumor dissemination to other abdominal structures thereafter. It remains unclear how nascent malignant cells leave the FT to colonize the ovary. This report provides evidence that the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) contributes to the ability of transformed FT secretory cells (FTSEC) to detach from the tube, survive under anchorage-independent conditions, and seed the ovarian surface. L1CAM was highly expressed on the apical cells of STIC lesions and contributed to ovarian colonization by upregulating integrins and fibronectin in malignant cells and activating the AKT and ERK pathways. These changes increased cell survival under ultra-low attachment conditions that mimic transit from the FT to the ovary. To study dissemination to the ovary, we developed a tumor-ovary co-culture model. We showed that L1CAM expression was important for FT cells to invade the ovary as a cohesive group. Our results indicate that in the early stages of HGSC development, transformed FTSECs disseminate from the FT to the ovary in a L1CAM-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Doberstein
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebecca Spivak
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hunter D Reavis
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jagmohan Hooda
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paul T Kroeger
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Stuckelberger
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kyle M Devins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcin P Iwanicki
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Mina Fogel
- Central Laboratories, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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10
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Alshehri S, Pavlovič T, Farsinejad S, Behboodi P, Quan L, Centeno D, Kung D, Rezler M, Lee W, Jasiński P, Dziabaszewska E, Nowak-Markwitz E, Kalyon D, Zaborowski MP, Iwanicki M. Extracellular Matrix Modulates Outgrowth Dynamics in Ovarian Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200197. [PMID: 36084257 PMCID: PMC9772079 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) forms outgrowths that extend from the outer surface of an afflicted organ into the peritoneum. OC outgrowth formation is poorly understood due to the limited availability of cell culture models examining the behavior of cells that form outgrowths. Prompted by immunochemical evaluation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in human tissues, laminin and collagen-rich ECM-reconstituted cell culture models amenable to studies of cell clusters that can form outgrowths are developed. It is demonstrated that ECM promotes outgrowth formation in fallopian tube non-ciliated epithelial cells (FNE) expressing mutant p53 and various OC cell lines. Outgrowths are initiated by cells that underwent outward translocation and retained the ability to intercalate into mesothelial cell monolayers. Electron microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments reveal that increased ECM levels led to increased fibrous network thickness and high shear elasticity of the microenvironment. These physical characteristics are associated with outgrowth suppression. The low ECM microenvironment mimicks the viscoelasticity of malignant peritoneal fluid (ascites) and supports cell proliferation, cell translocation, and outgrowth formation. These results highlight the importance of the ECM microenvironment in modulating OC growth and can provide additional insights into the mode of dissemination of primary and recurrent ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Tonja Pavlovič
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Sadaf Farsinejad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Panteha Behboodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Li Quan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Daniel Centeno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Douglas Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Marta Rezler
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, Poznań, 61-701, Poland
| | - Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Piotr Jasiński
- Department of Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Dziabaszewska
- Department of Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Dilhan Kalyon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Mikołaj P Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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11
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Estrogen Receptor-Beta2 (ERβ2)-Mutant p53-FOXM1 Axis: A Novel Driver of Proliferation, Chemoresistance, and Disease Progression in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051120. [PMID: 35267428 PMCID: PMC8909529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer without effective therapeutic options. The high prevalence of mutations (~96%) in tumor suppressor p53 is a hallmark of HGSOC. Estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) has been reported to be another important player in HGSOC, although the pro-versus anti-tumorigenic role of its different isoforms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the crosstalk between ERβ and mutant p53 and its impact on the pro-tumorigenic processes in HGSOC. Using the HGSOC cell line models and patient tumor tissue specimens, we demonstrated functional interaction between the ERβ2 isoform and mutant p53 and their ability to co-dependently increase FOXM1 gene transcription, decrease cell death, increase cell proliferation, and mediate resistance to carboplatin treatment. Furthermore, high levels of ERβ2 as well as FOXM1 correlated with worse patient survival. Collectively, our data suggest that the ERβ2-mutant p53-FOXM1 axis could be a novel therapeutic target for HGSOC. Abstract High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. Prevalence (~96%) of mutant p53 is a hallmark of HGSOC. Estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) has been reported to be another important player in HGSOC, although the pro-versus anti-tumorigenic role of its different isoforms remains unsettled. However, whether there is functional interaction between ERβ and mutant p53 in HGSOC is unknown. ERβ1 and ERβ2 mRNA and protein analysis in HGSOC cell lines demonstrated that ERβ2 is the predominant isoform in HGSOC. Specificity of ERβ2 antibody was ascertained using cells depleted of ERβ2 and ERβ1 separately with isoform-specific siRNAs. ERβ2-mutant p53 interaction in cell lines was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Expression levels of ERβ2, ERα, p53, and FOXM1 proteins and ERβ2-mutant p53 interaction in patient tumors were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PLA, respectively. ERβ2 levels correlate positively with FOXM1 levels and negatively with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) and mRNA expression analysis revealed that ERβ2 and mutant p53 co-dependently regulated FOXM1 gene transcription. The combination of ERβ2-specific siRNA and PRIMA-1MET that converts mutant p53 to wild type conformation increased apoptosis. Our work provides the first evidence for a novel ERβ2-mutant p53-FOXM1 axis that can be exploited for new therapeutic strategies against HGSOC.
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12
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Capellero S, Erriquez J, Battistini C, Porporato R, Scotto G, Borella F, Di Renzo MF, Valabrega G, Olivero M. Ovarian Cancer Cells in Ascites Form Aggregates That Display a Hybrid Epithelial-Mesenchymal Phenotype and Allows Survival and Proliferation of Metastasizing Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020833. [PMID: 35055018 PMCID: PMC8775835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in ovarian cancer. Cancer cells float in peritoneal fluid, named ascites, together with a definitely higher number of non neo-neoplastic cells, as single cells or multicellular aggregates. The aim of this work is to uncover the features that make these aggregates the metastasizing units. Immunofluorescence revealed that aggregates are made almost exclusively of ovarian cancer cells expressing the specific nuclear PAX8 protein. The same cells expressed epithelial and mesenchymal markers, such as EPCAM and αSMA, respectively. Expression of fibronectin further supported a hybrid epithelia-mesenchymal phenotype, that is maintained when aggregates are cultivated and proliferate. Hematopoietic cells as well as macrophages are negligible in the aggregates, while abundant in the ascitic fluid confirming their prominent role in establishing an eco-system necessary for the survival of ovarian cancer cells. Using ovarian cancer cell lines, we show that cells forming 3D structures neo-expressed thoroughly fibronectin and αSMA. Functional assays showed that αSMA and fibronectin are necessary for the compaction and survival of 3D structures. Altogether these data show that metastasizing units display a hybrid phenotype that allows maintenance of the 3D structures and the plasticity necessary for implant and seeding into peritoneal lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Capellero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (J.E.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Jessica Erriquez
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (J.E.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
| | - Chiara Battistini
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberta Porporato
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (J.E.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
| | - Giulia Scotto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (J.E.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy;
| | - Maria F. Di Renzo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (J.E.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (J.E.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-993-3521
| | - Martina Olivero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (J.E.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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13
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Tangri A, Lighty K, Loganathan J, Mesmar F, Podicheti R, Zhang C, Iwanicki M, Drapkin R, Nakshatri H, Mitra S. Deubiquitinase UCHL1 Maintains Protein Homeostasis through the PSMA7-APEH-Proteasome Axis in High-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1168-1181. [PMID: 33753553 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by chromosomal instability, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and high metabolic demand that exacerbate misfolded, unfolded, and damaged protein burden resulting in increased proteotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms that maintain protein homeostasis to promote HGSOC growth remain poorly understood. This study reports that the neuronal deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), is overexpressed in HGSOC and maintains protein homeostasis. UCHL1 expression was markedly increased in HGSOC patient tumors and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (HGSOC precursor lesions). High UCHL1 levels correlated with higher tumor grade and poor patient survival. UCHL1 inhibition reduced HGSOC cell proliferation and invasion, as well as significantly decreased the in vivo metastatic growth of ovarian cancer xenografts. Transcriptional profiling of UCHL1-silenced HGSOC cells revealed downregulation of genes implicated with proteasome activity along with upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced genes. Reduced expression of proteasome subunit alpha 7 (PSMA7) and acylaminoacyl peptide hydrolase (APEH), upon silencing of UCHL1, resulted in a significant decrease in proteasome activity, impaired protein degradation, and abrogated HGSOC growth. Furthermore, the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in the UCHL1-silenced cells led to attenuation of mTORC1 activity and protein synthesis, and induction of terminal unfolded protein response. Collectively, these results indicate that UCHL1 promotes HGSOC growth by mediating protein homeostasis through the PSMA7-APEH-proteasome axis. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies the novel links in the proteostasis network to target protein homeostasis in HGSOC and recognizes the potential of inhibiting UCHL1 and APEH to sensitize cancer cells to proteotoxic stress in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Tangri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kinzie Lighty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jagadish Loganathan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fahmi Mesmar
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sumegha Mitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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14
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Mauro LJ, Seibel MI, Diep CH, Spartz A, Perez Kerkvliet C, Singhal H, Swisher EM, Schwartz LE, Drapkin R, Saini S, Sesay F, Litovchick L, Lange CA. Progesterone Receptors Promote Quiescence and Ovarian Cancer Cell Phenotypes via DREAM in p53-Mutant Fallopian Tube Models. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1929-1955. [PMID: 33755733 PMCID: PMC8499172 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The ability of ovarian steroids to modify ovarian cancer (OC) risk remains controversial. Progesterone is considered to be protective; recent studies indicate no effect or enhanced OC risk. Knowledge of progesterone receptor (PR) signaling during altered physiology that typifies OC development is limited. OBJECTIVE This study defines PR-driven oncogenic signaling mechanisms in p53-mutant human fallopian tube epithelia (hFTE), a precursor of the most aggressive OC subtype. METHODS PR expression in clinical samples of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions and high-grade serous OC (HGSC) tumors was analyzed. Novel PR-A and PR-B isoform-expressing hFTE models were characterized for gene expression and cell cycle progression, emboli formation, and invasion. PR regulation of the DREAM quiescence complex and DYRK1 kinases was established. RESULTS STICs and HGSC express abundant activated phospho-PR. Progestin promoted reversible hFTE cell cycle arrest, spheroid formation, and invasion. RNAseq/biochemical studies revealed potent ligand-independent/-dependent PR actions, progestin-induced regulation of the DREAM quiescence complex, and cell cycle target genes through enhanced complex formation and chromatin recruitment. Disruption of DREAM/DYRK1s by pharmacological inhibition, HPV E6/E7 expression, or DYRK1A/B depletion blocked progestin-induced cell arrest and attenuated PR-driven gene expression and associated OC phenotypes. CONCLUSION Activated PRs support quiescence and pro-survival/pro-dissemination cell behaviors that may contribute to early HGSC progression. Our data support an alternative perspective on the tenet that progesterone always confers protection against OC. STICs can reside undetected for decades prior to invasive disease; our studies reveal clinical opportunities to prevent the ultimate development of HGSC by targeting PRs, DREAM, and/or DYRKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mauro
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota, Department of Animal Science, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Megan I Seibel
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Caroline H Diep
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Hari Singhal
- Northwestern University, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- University of Washington Seattle, Dept Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- University of Pennsylvania, Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Dept Obstetrics & Gynecology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Siddharth Saini
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Fatmata Sesay
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota, Dept Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Izar B, Tirosh I, Stover EH, Wakiro I, Cuoco MS, Alter I, Rodman C, Leeson R, Su MJ, Shah P, Iwanicki M, Walker SR, Kanodia A, Melms JC, Mei S, Lin JR, Porter CBM, Slyper M, Waldman J, Jerby-Arnon L, Ashenberg O, Brinker TJ, Mills C, Rogava M, Vigneau S, Sorger PK, Garraway LA, Konstantinopoulos PA, Liu JF, Matulonis U, Johnson BE, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Rotem A, Regev A. A single-cell landscape of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Med 2020; 26:1271-1279. [PMID: 32572264 PMCID: PMC7723336 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant abdominal fluid (ascites) frequently develops in women with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and is associated with drug resistance and a poor prognosis1. To comprehensively characterize the HGSOC ascites ecosystem, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile ~11,000 cells from 22 ascites specimens from 11 patients with HGSOC. We found significant inter-patient variability in the composition and functional programs of ascites cells, including immunomodulatory fibroblast sub-populations and dichotomous macrophage populations. We found that the previously described immunoreactive and mesenchymal subtypes of HGSOC, which have prognostic implications, reflect the abundance of immune infiltrates and fibroblasts rather than distinct subsets of malignant cells2. Malignant cell variability was partly explained by heterogeneous copy number alteration patterns or expression of a stemness program. Malignant cells shared expression of inflammatory programs that were largely recapitulated in single-cell RNA sequencing of ~35,000 cells from additionally collected samples, including three ascites, two primary HGSOC tumors and three patient ascites-derived xenograft models. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway, which was expressed in both malignant cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, had potent anti-tumor activity in primary short-term cultures and patient-derived xenograft models. Our work contributes to resolving the HSGOC landscape3-5 and provides a resource for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elizabeth H Stover
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac Wakiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Idan Alter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christopher Rodman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Leeson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei-Ju Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parin Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Abhay Kanodia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaolin Mei
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline B M Porter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Waldman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Livnat Jerby-Arnon
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Mills
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meri Rogava
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sébastien Vigneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Joyce F Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ursula Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce E Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Asaf Rotem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at MIT, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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16
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Seo J, Park M. Molecular crosstalk between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2659-2680. [PMID: 31884567 PMCID: PMC7326806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The progression of cancers and neurodegenerative disorders is largely defined by a set of molecular determinants that are either complementarily deregulated, or share remarkably overlapping functional pathways. A large number of such molecules have been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of both diseases. In this review, we particularly discuss our current knowledge on p53, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, Pin1 and protein phosphatase 2A, and their implications in the shared or distinct pathways that lead to cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we focus on the inter-dependent regulation of brain cancers and neurodegeneration, mediated by intercellular communication between tumor and neuronal cells in the brain through the extracellular microenvironment. Finally, we shed light on the therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of both cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Seo
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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17
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Fritz JL, Collins O, Saxena P, Buensuceso A, Ramos Valdes Y, Francis KE, Brown KR, Larsen B, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Rottapel R, Shepherd TG. A novel role for NUAK1 in promoting ovarian cancer metastasis through regulation of fibronectin production in spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051250. [PMID: 32429240 PMCID: PMC7280971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a unique mode of metastasis, where cells shed from the primary tumour, form aggregates called spheroids to evade anoikis, spread through the peritoneal cavity, and adhere to secondary sites. We previously showed that the master kinase Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is required for EOC spheroid viability and metastasis. We have identified novel (nua) kinase 1 (NUAK1) as a top candidate LKB1 substrate in EOC cells and spheroids using a multiplex inhibitor beads-mass spectrometry approach. We confirmed that LKB1 maintains NUAK1 phosphorylation and promotes its stabilization. We next investigated NUAK1 function in EOC cells. Ectopic NUAK1-overexpressing EOC cell lines had increased adhesion, whereas the reverse was seen in OVCAR8-NUAK1KO cells. In fact, cells with NUAK1 loss generate spheroids with reduced integrity, leading to increased cell death after long-term culture. Following transcriptome analysis, we identified reduced enrichment for cell interaction gene expression pathways in OVCAR8-NUAK1KO spheroids. In fact, the FN1 gene, encoding fibronectin, exhibited a 745-fold decreased expression in NUAK1KO spheroids. Fibronectin expression was induced during native spheroid formation, yet this was completely lost in NUAK1KO spheroids. Co-incubation with soluble fibronectin restored the compact spheroid phenotype to OVCAR8-NUAK1KO cells. In a xenograft model of intraperitoneal metastasis, NUAK1 loss extended survival and reduced fibronectin expression in tumours. Thus, we have identified a new mechanism controlling EOC metastasis, through which LKB1-NUAK1 activity promotes spheroid formation and secondary tumours via fibronectin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lee Fritz
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Olga Collins
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
| | - Parima Saxena
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Adrian Buensuceso
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
| | - Kyle E. Francis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; (K.E.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Kevin R. Brown
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
| | - Brett Larsen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (B.L.); (K.C.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (B.L.); (K.C.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (B.L.); (K.C.); (A.-C.G.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; (K.E.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Trevor G. Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-685-8500 (ext. 56347)
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18
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Gain-of-Function Mutant p53: All the Roads Lead to Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246197. [PMID: 31817996 PMCID: PMC6940767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is mutated in about 50% of human cancers. Aside from losing the tumor-suppressive functions of the wild-type form, mutant p53 proteins often acquire inherent, novel oncogenic functions, a phenomenon termed mutant p53 gain-of-function (GOF). A growing body of evidence suggests that these pro-oncogenic functions of mutant p53 proteins are mediated by affecting the transcription of various genes, as well as by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other effectors. In the current review, we discuss the various GOF effects of mutant p53, and how it may serve as a central node in a network of genes and proteins, which, altogether, promote the tumorigenic process. Finally, we discuss mechanisms by which "Mother Nature" tries to abrogate the pro-oncogenic functions of mutant p53. Thus, we suggest that targeting mutant p53, via its reactivation to the wild-type form, may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for many cancers that harbor mutant p53. Not only will this strategy abrogate mutant p53 GOF, but it will also restore WT p53 tumor-suppressive functions.
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19
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Ovarian Cancer Dissemination-A Cell Biologist's Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121957. [PMID: 31817625 PMCID: PMC6966436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) comprises multiple disease states representing a variety of distinct tumors that, irrespective of tissue of origin, genetic aberrations and pathological features, share common patterns of dissemination to the peritoneal cavity. EOC peritoneal dissemination is a stepwise process that includes the formation of malignant outgrowths that detach and establish widespread peritoneal metastases through adhesion to serosal membranes. The cell biology associated with outgrowth formation, detachment, and de novo adhesion is at the nexus of diverse genetic backgrounds that characterize the disease. Development of treatment for metastatic disease will require detailed characterization of cellular processes involved in each step of EOC peritoneal dissemination. This article offers a review of the literature that relates to the current stage of knowledge about distinct steps of EOC peritoneal dissemination, with emphasis on the cell biology aspects of the process.
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20
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Zaborowski MP, Cheah PS, Zhang X, Bushko I, Lee K, Sammarco A, Zappulli V, Maas SLN, Allen RM, Rumde P, György B, Aufiero M, Schweiger MW, Lai CPK, Weissleder R, Lee H, Vickers KC, Tannous BA, Breakefield XO. Membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase as a tool to track shedding of membrane proteins from the surface of extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17387. [PMID: 31758005 PMCID: PMC6874653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells play a role in intercellular communication. Reporter and targeting proteins can be modified and exposed on the surface of EVs to investigate their half-life and biodistribution. A characterization of membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase (mbGluc) revealed that its signal was detected also in a form smaller than common EVs (<70 nm). We demonstrated that mbGluc initially exposed on the surface of EVs, likely undergoes proteolytic cleavage and processed fragments of the protein are released into the extracellular space in active form. Based on this observation, we developed a new assay to quantitatively track shedding of membrane proteins from the surface of EVs. We used this assay to show that ectodomain shedding in EVs is continuous and is mediated by specific proteases, e.g. metalloproteinases. Here, we present a novel tool to study membrane protein cleavage and release using both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Bushko
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyungheon Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sybren Lein Nikola Maas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Purva Rumde
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bence György
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Aufiero
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Markus W Schweiger
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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21
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Zaborowski MP, Lee K, Na YJ, Sammarco A, Zhang X, Iwanicki M, Cheah PS, Lin HY, Zinter M, Chou CY, Fulci G, Tannous BA, Lai CPK, Birrer MJ, Weissleder R, Lee H, Breakefield XO. Methods for Systematic Identification of Membrane Proteins for Specific Capture of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cell Rep 2019; 27:255-268.e6. [PMID: 30943406 PMCID: PMC6528836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biofluids potentially provides a source of disease biomarkers. At present there is no procedure to systematically identify which antigens should be targeted to differentiate cancer-derived from normal host cell-derived EVs. Here, we propose a computational framework that integrates information about membrane proteins in tumors and normal tissues from databases: UniProt, The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, and the Human Protein Atlas. We developed two methods to assess capture of EVs from specific cell types. (1) We used palmitoylated fluorescent protein (palmtdTomato) to label tumor-derived EVs. Beads displaying antibodies of interest were incubated with conditioned medium from palmtdTomato-expressing cells. Bound EVs were quantified using flow cytometry. (2) We also showed that membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase allows the detection of cancer-derived EVs in blood of tumor-bearing animals. Our analytical and validation platform should be applicable to identify antigens on EVs from any tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Kyungheon Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Young Jeong Na
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Hsing-Ying Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Max Zinter
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chung-Yu Chou
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Giulia Fulci
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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22
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Cooper J, Giancotti FG. Integrin Signaling in Cancer: Mechanotransduction, Stemness, Epithelial Plasticity, and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:347-367. [PMID: 30889378 PMCID: PMC6684107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins mediate cell adhesion and transmit mechanical and chemical signals to the cell interior. Various mechanisms deregulate integrin signaling in cancer, empowering tumor cells with the ability to proliferate without restraint, to invade through tissue boundaries, and to survive in foreign microenvironments. Recent studies have revealed that integrin signaling drives multiple stem cell functions, including tumor initiation, epithelial plasticity, metastatic reactivation, and resistance to oncogene- and immune-targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the mechanisms leading to the deregulation of integrin signaling in cancer and its various consequences. We place emphasis on novel functions, determinants of context dependency, and mechanism-based therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cooper
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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23
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Natarajan S, Foreman KM, Soriano MI, Rossen NS, Shehade H, Fregoso DR, Eggold JT, Krishnan V, Dorigo O, Krieg AJ, Heilshorn SC, Sinha S, Fuh KC, Rankin EB. Collagen Remodeling in the Hypoxic Tumor-Mesothelial Niche Promotes Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2271-2284. [PMID: 30862717 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Accumulating evidence suggests that mesothelial cells are an important component of the metastatic microenvironment in HGSOC. However, the mechanisms by which mesothelial cells promote metastasis are unclear. Here, we report that the HGSOC tumor-mesothelial niche was hypoxic, and hypoxic signaling enhanced collagen I deposition by mesothelial cells. Specifically, hypoxic signaling increased expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in mesothelial and ovarian cancer cells to promote collagen crosslinking and tumor cell invasion. The mesothelial niche was enriched with fibrillar collagen in human and murine omental metastases. Pharmacologic inhibition of LOX reduced tumor burden and collagen remodeling in murine omental metastases. These findings highlight an important role for hypoxia and mesothelial cells in the modification of the extracellular matrix and tumor invasion in HGSOC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies HIF/LOX signaling as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit collagen remodeling and tumor progression in HGSOC.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/9/2271/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Natarajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kaitlyn M Foreman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Michaela I Soriano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ninna S Rossen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Hussein Shehade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Daniel R Fregoso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Joshua T Eggold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Adam J Krieg
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Katherine C Fuh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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24
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Kotler E, Shani O, Goldfeld G, Lotan-Pompan M, Tarcic O, Gershoni A, Hopf TA, Marks DS, Oren M, Segal E. A Systematic p53 Mutation Library Links Differential Functional Impact to Cancer Mutation Pattern and Evolutionary Conservation. Mol Cell 2019; 71:178-190.e8. [PMID: 29979965 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The TP53 gene is frequently mutated in human cancer. Research has focused predominantly on six major "hotspot" codons, which account for only ∼30% of cancer-associated p53 mutations. To comprehensively characterize the consequences of the p53 mutation spectrum, we created a synthetically designed library and measured the functional impact of ∼10,000 DNA-binding domain (DBD) p53 variants in human cells in culture and in vivo. Our results highlight the differential outcome of distinct p53 mutations in human patients and elucidate the selective pressure driving p53 conservation throughout evolution. Furthermore, while loss of anti-proliferative functionality largely correlates with the occurrence of cancer-associated p53 mutations, we observe that selective gain-of-function may further favor particular mutants in vivo. Finally, when combined with additional acquired p53 mutations, seemingly neutral TP53 SNPs may modulate phenotypic outcome and, presumably, tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Kotler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Odem Shani
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Guy Goldfeld
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Lotan-Pompan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ohad Tarcic
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Gershoni
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Thomas A Hopf
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debora S Marks
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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25
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Qian B, Zhao LJ, Teng F, Gao LJ, Shen R. Role of the tumour protein P53 gene in human cervical squamous carcinoma cells: Discussing haematopoietic cell-specific protein 1-associated protein X-1-induced survival, migration and proliferation. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2629-2637. [PMID: 30013658 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic cell-specific protein 1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1), as a mitochondrial membrane protein, induces cancer progression and metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of HAX-1-induced survival, migration and proliferation of human cervical squamous carcinoma cells and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms. The level of HAX-1 was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The survival, migration and proliferation of the human cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cell line were measured by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, Transwell assay and 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA (3H-TdR) assay, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by the fluorescence of H2DCFDA, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was tested using a JC-1 probe. The expression of the HAX-1 gene was significantly increased in human cervical carcinoma tissues relative to non-cancerous cervix tissues. Overexpression of HAX-1 increased the survival, migration and proliferation ability of SiHa cells, decreased the production of ROS, and maintained the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane and morphology. The effect brought on these cells could be abrogated by the addition of wild-type tumour protein P53 (p53) or carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoro methoxyphenylhydrazone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In summary, these data support the notion that HAX-1 induced the survival, migration and proliferation of human cervical squamous carcinoma cells by inhibiting its downstream regulatory factor p53 in SiHa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qian
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Zhao
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fang Teng
- Department of Gynaecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Juan Gao
- Department of Gynaecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Gynaecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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McKenzie AJ, Hicks SR, Svec KV, Naughton H, Edmunds ZL, Howe AK. The mechanical microenvironment regulates ovarian cancer cell morphology, migration, and spheroid disaggregation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7228. [PMID: 29740072 PMCID: PMC5940803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation of the importance of the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment on disease progression. However, the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and cellular mechanotransduction in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of substrate rigidity on various aspects of SKOV3 human EOC cell morphology and migration. Young’s modulus values of normal mouse peritoneum, a principal target tissue for EOC metastasis, were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and hydrogels were fabricated to mimic these values. We find that cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and cellular traction forces all increase on stiffer matrices. Substrate rigidity also positively regulates random cell migration and, importantly, directional increases in matrix tension promote SKOV3 cell durotaxis. Matrix rigidity also promotes nuclear translocation of YAP1, an oncogenic transcription factor associated with aggressive metastatic EOC. Furthermore, disaggregation of multicellular EOC spheroids, a behavior associated with dissemination and metastasis, is enhanced by matrix stiffness through a mechanotransduction pathway involving ROCK, actomyosin contractility, and FAK. Finally, this pattern of mechanosensitivity is maintained in highly metastatic SKOV3ip.1 cells. These results establish that the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment may play a role in EOC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McKenzie
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Stephanie R Hicks
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Kathryn V Svec
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Hannah Naughton
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Zöe L Edmunds
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Alan K Howe
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States.
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Ovarian Cancers: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5010016. [PMID: 29389895 PMCID: PMC5874581 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four main histological subtypes of ovarian cancer exist: serous (the most frequent), endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell; in each subtype, low and high grade. The large majority of ovarian cancers are diagnosed as high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCas). TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in HGS-OvCas; about 50% of these tumors displayed defective homologous recombination due to germline and somatic BRCA mutations, epigenetic inactivation of BRCA and abnormalities of DNA repair genes; somatic copy number alterations are frequent in these tumors and some of them are associated with prognosis; defective NOTCH, RAS/MEK, PI3K and FOXM1 pathway signaling is frequent. Other histological subtypes were characterized by a different mutational spectrum: LGS-OvCas have increased frequency of BRAF and RAS mutations; mucinous cancers have mutation in ARID1A, PIK3CA, PTEN, CTNNB1 and RAS. Intensive research was focused to characterize ovarian cancer stem cells, based on positivity for some markers, including CD133, CD44, CD117, CD24, EpCAM, LY6A, ALDH1. Ovarian cancer cells have an intrinsic plasticity, thus explaining that in a single tumor more than one cell subpopulation, may exhibit tumor-initiating capacity. The improvements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of ovarian cancers should lead to more efficacious treatments.
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28
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Ghannam-Shahbari D, Jacob E, Kakun RR, Wasserman T, Korsensky L, Sternfeld O, Kagan J, Bublik DR, Aviel-Ronen S, Levanon K, Sabo E, Larisch S, Oren M, Hershkovitz D, Perets R. PAX8 activates a p53-p21-dependent pro-proliferative effect in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:2213-2224. [PMID: 29379162 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer and it is now widely accepted that this disease often originates from the fallopian tube epithelium. PAX8 is a fallopian tube lineage marker with an essential role in embryonal female genital tract development. In the adult fallopian tube, PAX8 is expressed in the fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (FTSEC) and its expression is maintained through the process of FTSEC transformation to HGSC. We now report that PAX8 has a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic role in HGSC. The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is mutated in close to 100% of HGSC; in the majority of cases, these are missense mutations that endow the mutant p53 protein with potential gain of function (GOF) oncogenic activities. We show that PAX8 positively regulates the expression of TP53 in HGSC and the pro-proliferative role of PAX8 is mediated by the GOF activity of mutant p53. Surprisingly, mutant p53 transcriptionally activates the expression of p21, which localizes to the cytoplasm of HGSC cells where it plays a non-canonical, pro-proliferative role. Together, our findings illustrate how TP53 mutations in HGSC subvert a normal regulatory pathway into a driver of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Ghannam-Shahbari
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Jacob
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reli Rachel Kakun
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tanya Wasserman
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lina Korsensky
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofir Sternfeld
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Juliana Kagan
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Debora Rosa Bublik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarit Aviel-Ronen
- Department of Pathology, The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Keren Levanon
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Edmond Sabo
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Larisch
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Perets
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The most common type of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), was originally thought to develop from the ovarian surface epithelium. However, recent data suggest that the cells that undergo neoplastic transformation and give rise to the majority of HGSOC are from the fallopian tube. This development has impacted both translational research and clinical practice, revealing new opportunities for early detection, prevention, and treatment of ovarian cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Genomic studies indicate that approximately 50% of HGSOC are characterized by mutations in genes involved in the homologous recombination pathway of DNA repair, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2. Clinical trials have demonstrated successful treatment of homologous recombination-defective cancers with poly-ribose polymerase inhibitors through synthetic lethality. Recently, amplification of CCNE1 was found to be another major factor in HGSOC tumorigenesis, accounting for approximately 20% of all cases. Interestingly, amplification of CCNE1 and mutation of homologous recombination repair genes are mutually exclusive in HGSOC. SUMMARY The fallopian tube secretory cell is the cell of origin for the majority of ovarian cancers. Although it remains unclear what triggers neoplastic transformation of these cells, certain tumors exhibit loss of BRCA function or amplification of CCNE1. These alterations represent unique therapeutic opportunities in ovarian cancer.
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Bulzico D, Torres DC, Ferreira GM, Pires BRB, de Faria PAS, Hassan R, Abdelhay E, Vaisman M, Vieira Neto L. A Novel TP53 Mutation Associated with TWIST1 and SIP1 Expression in an Aggressive Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Endocr Pathol 2017; 28:326-331. [PMID: 28421464 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-017-9482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are very rare tumors related to TP53 mutations mostly in childhood onset cases. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors TWIST1 and Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) are related to poorer outcomes in other malignancies, but their role in ACC is unknown. We describe a case of an advanced metastatic ACC (Weiss-score of 9) in a patient at age 76. After primary tumor resection, mitotane therapy was started as palliation to low-volume liver metastasis. After a 2-year period of stable disease, the patient died due to brain metastasis. Somatic gene sequencing revealed a novel TP53 mutation in DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue, a deletion of 8bp in exon 8 (c.811_818del8; GAGGTGCG/-) in homo or hemizygosis causing a subsequent frameshift and premature stop codon at position 302. Immunohistochemistry of P53 and p-Ser-15 P53 showed absent tumoral staining. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed an increased expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin. At last, EMT transcription factors TWIST1 and SIP1 were also overexpressed in tumoral cells. This case report describes an aggressive ACC with not only a novel somatic mutation, but also a novel International Agency for Research on Cancer database 8 base-pair deletion in TP53 exon 8. In addition, the expression of EMT inducers TWIST1 and SIP1 have been reported for the first time in an ACC case. Further investigation is needed to clarify the biologic significance of this new TP53 mutation and its role in the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bulzico
- Endocrine Oncology Unit, Brazilian National Cancer Institute-INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 8th floor, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, CEP 20.230-130, Brazil.
- Endocrinology Section, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Davi Coe Torres
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerson Moura Ferreira
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ricardo Barreto Pires
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rocio Hassan
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Vaisman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Section-Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vieira Neto
- Endocrinology Section, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Section-Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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31
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Ahn JH, Kim TJ, Lee JH, Choi JH. Mutant p53 stimulates cell invasion through an interaction with Rad21 in human ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9076. [PMID: 28831167 PMCID: PMC5567302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations of TP53 are extremely common, and mutant p53 accumulation and gain-of-function play crucial roles in human ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the role of mutant p53 in cell migration and invasion as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms in human ovarian cancer cells. Overexpression of mutant p53 significantly increased migration and invasion in p53-null SKOV3 cells. In contrast, knockdown of mutant p53 significantly compromised mutant p53-induced cell migration and invasion. Microarray analysis revealed that several migration/invasion-related genes, including S1PR1 (Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1) and THBS1 (Thrombospodin 1), were significantly upregulated in SKOV3 cells that overexpressed mutant p53-R248 (SKOV3R248). We found that Rad21 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the migration/invasion-related genes induced by mutant p53-R248. Knockdown of Rad21 significantly attenuated the mutant p53-R248-induced invasion and the expressions of S1PR1 and THBS1. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that mutant p53 interacts with Rad21 and binds to the Rad21-binding elements in the S1PR1 and THBS1 genes. Finally, downregulation of S1PR1 significantly attenuated the invasion driven by mutant p53-R248. These novel findings reveal that mutant p53-R248 maintains gain-of-function activity to stimulate cell invasion and induces the related gene expressions through an interaction with Rad21 in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Ahn
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.,Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04619, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04619, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea. .,Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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32
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Bilyk O, Coatham M, Jewer M, Postovit LM. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Female Reproductive Tract: From Normal Functioning to Disease Pathology. Front Oncol 2017; 7:145. [PMID: 28725636 PMCID: PMC5497565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that is vital throughout the human lifespan. In addition to contributing to the development of various tissues within the growing embryo, EMT is also responsible for wound healing and tissue regeneration later in adulthood. In this review, we highlight the importance of EMT in the development and normal functioning of the female reproductive organs (the ovaries and the uterus) and describe how dysregulation of EMT can lead to pathological conditions, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, and carcinogenesis. We also summarize the current literature relating to EMT in the context of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, with a particular focus on how molecular mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment can govern cancer cell plasticity, therapy resistance, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Bilyk
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Coatham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Jewer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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33
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Functions of the Tumor Suppressors p53 and Rb in Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9231057. [PMID: 28078303 PMCID: PMC5203884 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9231057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical microenvironments, such as extracellular matrix stiffness and strain, have crucial roles in cancer progression. Cells sense their microenvironments with mechanosensing biomolecules, which is accompanied by the modulation of actin cytoskeleton structures, and the signals are subsequently transduced downstream as biochemical signals. The tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) are known to prevent cancer progression. The p53 and Rb signaling pathways are disrupted in many types of cancers. Here, we review recent findings about the roles of these tumor suppressors in the regulation of mechanosensing biomolecules and the actin cytoskeleton. We further discuss how dysfunction in the p53- and/or Rb-mediated mechanosignaling pathways is potentially involved in cancer progression. These pathways might provide good targets for developing anticancer therapies.
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34
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Comparative transcriptome analysis links distinct peritoneal tumor spread types, miliary and non-miliary, with putative origin, tubes and ovaries, in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:158-166. [PMID: 27940126 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by extensive local, i.e. peritoneal, tumor spread, manifested in two different clinical presentations, miliary (many millet sized peritoneal implants) and non-miliary (few large exophytically growing peritoneal nodes), and an overall unfavorable outcome. HGSOC is thought to arise from fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, via so called serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) but an ovarian origin was never ruled out for at least some cases. Comparative transcriptome analyses of isolated tumor cells from fresh HGSOC tissues and (immortalized) ovarian surface epithelial and fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell lines revealed a close relation between putative origin and tumor spread characteristic, i.e. miliary from tubes and non-miliary from ovaries. The latter were characterized by more mesenchymal cell characteristics, more adaptive tumor immune infiltration, and a favorable overall survival. Several molecular sub-classification systems (Crijns' overall survival signature, Yoshihara's subclasses, and a collagen-remodeling signature) seem to already indicate origin. Putative origin alone is a significant independent predictor for HGSOC outcome, validated in independent patient cohorts. Characteristics of both spread types could guide development of new targeted therapeutics, which are urgently needed.
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35
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Bianconi D, Unseld M, Prager GW. Integrins in the Spotlight of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122037. [PMID: 27929432 PMCID: PMC5187837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that bind to different extracellular ligands depending on their composition and regulate all processes which enable multicellular life. In cancer, integrins trigger and play key roles in all the features that were once described as the Hallmarks of Cancer. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of integrins to these hallmarks, including uncontrolled and limitless proliferation, invasion of tumor cells, promotion of tumor angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis and resistance to growth suppressors, by highlighting the latest findings. Further on, given the paramount role of integrins in cancer, we will present novel strategies for integrin inhibition that are starting to emerge, promising a hopeful future regarding cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bianconi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Unseld
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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