1
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Xu C, Mei Y, Yang R, Luo Q, Zhang J, Kou X, Hu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen R, Zhang Z, Yao Y, Sima J. Edaravone Dexborneol mitigates pathology in animal and cell culture models of Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting neuroinflammation and neuronal necroptosis. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:55. [PMID: 38678262 PMCID: PMC11056062 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease with limited disease-modifying treatments. Drug repositioning strategy has now emerged as a promising approach for anti-AD drug discovery. Using 5×FAD mice and Aβ-treated neurons in culture, we tested the efficacy of Y-2, a compounded drug containing the antioxidant Edaravone (Eda), a pyrazolone and (+)-Borneol, an anti-inflammatory diterpenoid from cinnamon, approved for use in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. RESULTS We examined effects of Y-2 versus Eda alone by i.p. administered in 8-week-old 5×FAD mice (females) for 4 months by comparing cognitive function, Aβ pathologies, neuronal necroptosis and neuroinflammation. Using primary neurons and astrocytes, as well as neuronal and astrocytic cell lines, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of Y-2 by examining neuronal injury, astrocyte-mediated inflammation and necroptosis. Here, we find that Y-2 improves cognitive function in AD mice. Histopathological data show that Y-2, better than Eda alone, markedly ameliorates Aβ pathologies including Aβ burden, astrogliosis/microgliosis, and Tau phosphorylation. In addition, Y-2 reduces Aβ-induced neuronal injury including neurite damage, mitochondrial impairment, reactive oxygen species production and NAD+ depletion. Notably, Y-2 inhibits astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and attenuates TNF-α-triggered neuronal necroptosis in cell cultures and AD mice. RNA-seq further demonstrates that Y-2, compared to Eda, indeed upregulates anti-inflammation pathways in astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings infer that Y-2, better than Eda alone, mitigates AD pathology and may provide a potential drug candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yilan Mei
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiudan Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jienian Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaolin Kou
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Jianfeng Hu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yue Li
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China.
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jian Sima
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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2
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Zhang GH, Chin KL, Yan SY, Pare R. Antioxioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of Thymosin β4 in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells via the 5-HTR1A/ERK axis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287817. [PMID: 37788276 PMCID: PMC10547165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common amnestic cognitive impairment characterised by β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques deposit in the brain of the elderly. AD is a yet incurable disease due to its unknown exact pathogenesis and unavailability of effective remedies in clinical application. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a housekeeping protein that plays important role in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. It has the ability to protect and repair neurons however it is still unclear involvement in AD. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the role and mechanism of Tβ4 in mediating the improvement of AD. AD-like cell model was constructed in neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y treated with Aβ. Overexpression of Tβ4 were done using lentivirus infection and downregulation through siRNA transfection. We performed western blot and flow cytometry to study the apoptosis and standard kits to measure the oxidative stress-associated biomarkers. There is significant increased in viability and decreased apoptosis in Tβ4 overexpression group compared to control. Furthermore, overexpression of Tβ4 suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bax meanwhile upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Tβ4 alleviated oxidative damage by reducing MDA, LDH and ROS and increasing SOD and GSH-PX in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. We found that Tβ4 inhibit ERK/p38 MAPK pathway and intensify the expression of 5-HTR1A. Additionally, we showed that upregulation of 5-HTR1A dampened the Tβ4 to activate ERK signalling. In conclusion, our study revealed the neuroprotective role of Tβ4 in AD which may open up new therapeutic applications in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Shi-Yan Yan
- International Innovation Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Rahmawati Pare
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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3
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Barbieri R, Nizzari M, Zanardi I, Pusch M, Gavazzo P. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Dysfunctions in Neurological Disorders. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051191. [PMID: 37240836 DOI: 10.3390/life13051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pore-forming subunits (α subunits) of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are encoded in humans by a family of nine highly conserved genes. Among them, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, and SCN8A are primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The encoded proteins Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, and Nav1.6, respectively, are important players in the initiation and propagation of action potentials and in turn of the neural network activity. In the context of neurological diseases, mutations in the genes encoding Nav1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.6 are responsible for many forms of genetic epilepsy and for Nav1.1 also of hemiplegic migraine. Several pharmacological therapeutic approaches targeting these channels are used or are under study. Mutations of genes encoding VGSCs are also involved in autism and in different types of even severe intellectual disability (ID). It is conceivable that in these conditions their dysfunction could indirectly cause a certain level of neurodegenerative processes; however, so far, these mechanisms have not been deeply investigated. Conversely, VGSCs seem to have a modulatory role in the most common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, where SCN8A expression has been shown to be negatively correlated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanardi
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Michael Pusch
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Gavazzo
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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Gupta SM, Behera A, Jain NK, Kumar D, Tripathi A, Tripathi SM, Mujwar S, Patra J, Negi A. Indene-Derived Hydrazides Targeting Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme in Alzheimer's: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010094. [PMID: 36678724 PMCID: PMC9860787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a crucial role in advancing Alzheimer's disease (AD), its inhibition is a promising approach for treating AD. Sulindac is an NSAID of the aryl alkanoic acid class, consisting of a indene moiety, which showed neuroprotective behavior in recent studies. In this study, newer Indene analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro AChE inhibition. Additionally, compared with donepezil as the standard drug, these Indene analogs were accessed for their cell line-based toxicity study on SH-SY5Y cell line. The molecule SD-30, having hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at para-position, showed maximum AChE inhibition potential (IC50 13.86 ± 0.163 µM) in the indene series. Further, the SD-30 showed maximum BuChE inhibition potential (IC50 = 48.55 ± 0.136 µM) with a selectivity ratio of 3.50 and reasonable antioxidant properties compared to ascorbic acid (using DPPH assay). SD-30 (at a dose level: of 10 µM, 20 µM) effectively inhibited AChE-induced Aβ aggregation and showed no significant toxicity up to 30 mM against SH-SY5Y cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Manish Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore 453555, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ashok Behera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Neetesh K. Jain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore 453555, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Avanish Tripathi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Shailesh Mani Tripathi
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Jeevan Patra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: or
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5
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Kim H, Kim S, Cho B, Shin J, Kim J. APOE ε4-dependent effects on the early amyloid pathology in induced neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:45. [PMID: 36284363 PMCID: PMC9594913 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4) is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), associated with amyloid pathogenesis. However, it is not clear how APOE ε4 accelerates amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition during the seeding stage of amyloid development in AD patient neurons. Methods AD patient induced neurons (iNs) with an APOE ε4 inducible system were prepared from skin fibroblasts of AD patients. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA isolated from the AD patient iNs expressing APOE ε4 at amyloid-seeding and amyloid-aggregation stages. Knockdown of IGFBP3 was applied in the iNs to investigate the role of IGFBP3 in the APOE ε4-mediated amyloidosis. Results We optimized amyloid seeding stage in the iNs of AD patients that transiently expressed APOE ε4. Remarkably, we demonstrated that Aβ pathology was aggravated by the induction of APOE ε4 gene expression at the amyloid early-seeding stage in the iNs of AD patients. Moreover, transcriptome analysis in the early-seeding stage revealed that IGFBP3 was functionally important in the molecular pathology of APOE ε4-associated AD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the presence of APOE ε4 at the early Aβ-seeding stage in patient iNs is critical for aggravation of sporadic AD pathology. These results provide insights into the importance of APOE ε4 expression for the progression and pathogenesis of sporadic AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-022-00319-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwon Kim
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea ,grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Kim
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Byounggook Cho
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaein Shin
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea ,grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
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6
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Alkyl 2-(2-(arylidene)alkylhydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates: Synthesis, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition and docking studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Zhang GH, Pare RB, Chin KL, Qian YH. Tβ4 ameliorates oxidative damage and apoptosis through ERK/MAPK and 5-HT1A signaling pathway in Aβ insulted SH-SY5Y cells. Life Sci 2021:120178. [PMID: 34838849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder seriously endangering the physical and mental health of the elderly, while no effective treatments and drugs in clinical practice are available. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a multifunctional polypeptide involved in many physiological and pathological processes including AD. This study aims to understand the function and molecular mechanism of Tβ4 in the development of AD. MAIN METHODS Neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was treated with β-amyloid (Aβ) to induce AD-like pathological changes, which serves as Alzheimer's disease model. Tβ4 was overexpressed in SH-SY5Y cells by lentivirus infection, and downregulated by siRNA transfection. Apoptosis of transfected SH-SY5Y cells after Aβ-treatment was examined by western blot and flow cytometry. Apoptotic proteins and Tβ4-related signaling pathways were also investigated by western blot. KEY FINDINGS We found that Tβ4 overexpression increased viability and suppressed apoptosis of Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Tβ4 ameliorated oxidative damage and suppressed reactive oxygen species production in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Consistently, Tβ4 overexpression down-regulated the expression levels of pro-apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bax, while up-regulated the expression level of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 in Aβ-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Tβ4 dampened ERK/p38 MAPK signaling and enhanced 5-HTR1A expression in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, we revealed that Tβ4 inhibited the activation of ERK pathway through up-regulating 5-HTR1A in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our findings provide evidences to support the neuroprotective role of Tβ4 and might open up new therapeutic applications of Tβ4 in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi, China; Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FPSK), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rahmawati Binti Pare
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FPSK), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ling Chin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FPSK), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Hua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center.
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8
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Xu H, Liu X, Li W, Xi Y, Su P, Meng B, Shao X, Tang B, Yang Q, Mao Z. p38 MAPK-mediated loss of nuclear RNase III enzyme Drosha underlies amyloid beta-induced neuronal stress in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13434. [PMID: 34528746 PMCID: PMC8521488 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs ubiquitously expressed in the brain and regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. The nuclear RNase III enzyme Drosha initiates the maturation process of miRNAs in the nucleus. Strong evidence suggests that dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in many neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunction of miRNA biogenesis components may be involved in the processes of those diseases. However, the role of Drosha in AD remains unknown. By using immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, and subcellular fractionation methods, we show here that the level of Drosha protein was significantly lower in the postmortem brain of human AD patients as well as in the transgenic rat model of AD. Interestingly, Drosha level was specifically reduced in neurons of the cortex and hippocampus but not in the cerebellum in the AD brain samples. In primary cortical neurons, amyloid‐beta (Aβ) oligomers caused a p38 MAPK‐dependent phosphorylation of Drosha, leading to its redistribution from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and a decrease in its level. This loss of Drosha function preceded Aβ‐induced neuronal death. Importantly, inhibition of p38 MAPK activity or overexpression of Drosha protected neurons from Aβ oligomers‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results establish a role for p38 MAPK‐Drosha pathway in modulating neuronal viability under Aβ oligomers stress condition and implicate loss of Drosha as a key molecular change in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Ye Xi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Xiaoyun Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tangdu Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zixu Mao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
- Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
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9
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Siddappaji KK, Gopal S. Molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and the impact of physical exercise with advancements in therapeutic approaches. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:357-389. [PMID: 34183987 PMCID: PMC8222772 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common, severe neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles in the brain causing neural disintegration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death leading to dementia. Although many US-FDA-approved drugs like Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine are available in the market, their consumption reduces only the symptoms of the disease but fails in potency to cure the disease. This disease affects many individuals with aging. Combating the disease tends to be very expensive. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms in the neuron both at normal and AD state with relevance to the tau hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, the risk factors influencing dementia, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation altogether integrated with neurodegeneration. A brief survey is carried out on available biomarkers in the diagnosis of the disease, drugs used for the treatment, and the challenges in approaching therapeutic targets in inhibiting the disease pathologies. This review conjointly assesses the demerits with the inefficiency of drugs to reach targets, their side effects, and toxicity. Optimistically, this review directs on the advantageous strategies in using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to cross the blood-brain barrier for improving the efficacy of drugs combined with a novel neuronal stem cell therapy approach. Determinately, this review aims at the natural, non-therapeutic healing impact of physical exercise on different model organisms and the effect of safe neuromodulation treatments using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) in humans to control the disease pathologies prominent in enhancing the synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubha Gopal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
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10
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Hsu JL, Lin CH, Chen PL, Lin KJ, Chen TF. Genetic study of young-onset dementia using targeted gene panel sequencing in Taiwan. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:67-76. [PMID: 33580635 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic progress allows the molecular diagnosis of young-onset dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We aimed to identify the mutational and clinical spectra of causal genes in a Taiwanese cohort of young-onset dementia. Ninety-one patients with young-onset dementia and 22 age/gender-matched controls were recruited. Genetic causes were identified by a targeted panel containing 90 causative genes for AD, FTD, and related neurodegenerative disorders. Plasma biomarkers, including total tau, Aβ42, and Aβ40, were assayed. Molecular amyloid and tau PET scans were performed in some patients carrying mutations. Nine of 52 patients (17.3%) with young-onset AD had mutations: 2 (22.2%), 4 (44.5%), 2 (22.2%), and 1 (11.1%) in APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and TREM2, respectively. Two of 33 patients (6.1%) with young-onset FTD had mutations in MAPT and LRRK2. Three of the 6 patients (50.0%) with possible FTD combined with other neurodegenerative disorders had individual mutations in APP, PSEN2, or MAPT. Patients with PSEN1 mutations had earlier onset of disease than those without mutations (p = .02). Plasma level of total tau was increased and Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels decreased in all groups of dementia patients compared to controls. Our findings provide a genetic spectrum of young-onset dementia in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine and Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Cardoso D, Muchir A. Need for NAD +: Focus on Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102248. [PMID: 33036437 PMCID: PMC7599962 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases caused by genetic mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding A-type lamins. A-type lamins are nuclear envelope proteins which associate with B-type lamins to form the nuclear lamina, a meshwork underlying the inner nuclear envelope of differentiated cells. The laminopathies include lipodystrophies, progeroid phenotypes and striated muscle diseases. Research on striated muscle laminopathies in the recent years has provided novel perspectives on the role of the nuclear lamina and has shed light on the pathological consequences of altered nuclear lamina. The role of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the physiopathology of striated muscle laminopathies has been recently highlighted. Here, we have summarized these findings and reviewed the current knowledge about NAD+ alteration in striated muscle laminopathies, providing potential therapeutic approaches.
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12
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Altered γ-Secretase Processing of APP Disrupts Lysosome and Autophagosome Function in Monogenic Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3647-3660.e2. [PMID: 30590039 PMCID: PMC6315085 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the endolysosomal and autophagy systems are found in Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not clear whether defects in these systems are a cause or consequence of degenerative processes in the disease. In human neuronal models of monogenic Alzheimer’s disease, APP and PSEN1 mutations disrupt lysosome function and autophagy, leading to impaired lysosomal proteolysis and defective autophagosome clearance. Processing of APP by γ-secretase is central to the pathogenic changes in the lysosome-autophagy system caused by PSEN1 and APP mutations: reducing production of C-terminal APP by inhibition of BACE1 rescued these phenotypes in both APP and PSEN1 mutant neurons, whereas inhibition of γ-secretase induced lysosomal and autophagic pathology in healthy neurons. Defects in lysosomes and autophagy due to PSEN1 mutations are rescued by CRISPR-knockout of APP. These data demonstrate a key role for proteolysis of the C-terminal of APP by γ-secretase in neuronal dysfunction in monogenic Alzheimer’s disease. APP and PSEN1 mutant neurons have deficits in lysosome proteolysis BACE1 inhibition rescues lysosome and autophagy defects PSEN1 mutant phenotypes are rescued by genetic deletion of APP Lysosome and autophagy defects are causes of neuronal dysfunction in AD
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13
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Singhrao SK, Olsen I. Assessing the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis to determine a causative relationship with Alzheimer's disease. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1563405. [PMID: 30728914 PMCID: PMC6352933 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1563405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis of 10 years' duration is reported to become a twofold risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Periodontitis is modifiable, and this fits with the current action plan for preventing AD. However, until periodontitis, becomes acknowledged as a firm risk factor for AD, this risk will continue. Here, we put forward our own argument based on the current literature for in vivo infection-mediated periodontal disease models supporting the antimicrobial protection hypothesis of AD and interventional studies supporting the causal links. Oral infections with Porphyromonas gingivalis, or introduction of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in various mouse models has demonstrated the development of key neuropathological hallmark lesions defining AD. These are extracellular amyloid-beta plaques, phosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles, widespread acute and chronic inflammation, blood-brain barrier defects together with the clinical phenotype showing impaired learning and spatial memory. Live P. gingivalis and its LPS (commercial or from 'microbullets') are powerful peripheral and intracerebral inflammatory signalling initiators, and this has direct implications on memory and lesion development. Maintaining a healthy oral microbiome and managing periodontal disease with regular surveillance and good oral hygiene throughout life is likely to reduce the unnecessary burden of AD in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim K Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Susceptibility to Aβo and TBOA of LTD and Extrasynaptic NMDAR-Dependent Tonic Current in the Aged Rat Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:692-702. [PMID: 30426348 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging, as the major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), may increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases through many gradual molecular and biochemical changes. Extracellular glutamate homeostasis and extrasynaptic glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are among early synaptic targets of oligomeric amyloid β (Aβo), one of the AD related synaptotoxic protein species. In this study, we asked for the effects of Aβo on long-term depression (LTD), a form of synaptic plasticity dependent on extrasynaptic NMDAR activation, and on a tonic current (TC) resulting from the activation of extrasynaptic NMDAR by ambient glutamate in hippocampal slices from young (3-6-month-old) and aged (24-28-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats. Aβo significantly enhanced the magnitude of LTD and the amplitude of TC in aged slices compared to young ones. TBOA, a glutamate transporter inhibitor, also significantly increased LTD magnitude and TC amplitude in slices from aged rats, suggesting either an age-related weakness of the glutamate clearance system and/or a facilitated extrasynaptic NMDAR activation. From our present data, we hypothesize that senescence-related impairment of the extrasynaptic environment may be a vector of vulnerability of the aged hippocampus to neurodegenerative promotors such as Aβo.
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15
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Li X, Sultana P, Yin M, Wang Z. Amyloid-β 1-42 dynamically regulates the migration of neural stem/progenitor cells via MAPK-ERK pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 298:96-103. [PMID: 30399361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) based therapy represents an attractive treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment to date. This can be achieved by stimulating endogenous NSPCs and/or administrating exogenously produced NSPCs. Successful repair requires the migration of NSPCs to the loci where neuronal loss occurs, differentiation and integration into neural networks. However, the progressive loss of neurons in the brain of AD patients suggests that the repair by endogenous NSPCs in the setting of AD may be defective. The production and deposition of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptides is thought to be a central event in the pathogenesis of AD. Here we report that Aβ1-42 peptides inhibit the migration of in vitro cultured NSPCs by disturbing the ERK-MAPK signal pathway. We found that the migratory capacity of NSPCs was compromised upon treatment with oligomeric Aβ1-42; the inhibitory effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Our previous studies have shown that Aβ1-42 triggers the expression of GRK2 by unknown mechanism. Herein we found that the Aβ1-42 evoked upregulation of GRK2 expression was attenuated upon treatment with the ERK inhibitor SCH772984 at 2.5 μM, but not with inhibitors for p38 or JNK. We detected a dose-dependent increase in levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 after incubation of cells with oligomeric Aβ1-42 peptides for 3 days. We observed that an increase in the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK coincided with reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 upon treatment with Aβ1-42 for 6 and/or 9 days. We hypothesize that the divergence of the activation of the MAPK family of pathways may contribute to the inhibition of NSPCs migration after the long-term incubation with Aβ1-42. Pretreatment with 1 μM MEK inhibitor U0126 reversed the effects of Aβ1-42 on GRK2 expression of and NSPC migration. Together, our results suggest that Aβ1-42 oligomers compromise the migratory capacity of NSPCs through the MEK-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yantian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueyi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114 the 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Pinky Sultana
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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16
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Donner L, Gremer L, Ziehm T, Gertzen CGW, Gohlke H, Willbold D, Elvers M. Relevance of N-terminal residues for amyloid-β binding to platelet integrin α IIbβ 3, integrin outside-in signaling and amyloid-β fibril formation. Cell Signal 2018; 50:121-130. [PMID: 29964150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the aggregation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) into fibrils, leading to deposits in cerebral parenchyma and vessels known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Platelets are major players of hemostasis but are also implicated in AD. Recently we provided strong evidence for a direct contribution of platelets to AD pathology. We found that monomeric Aβ40 binds through its RHDS sequence to integrin αIIbβ3, and promotes the formation of fibrillar Aβ aggregates by the secretion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the chaperone protein clusterin (CLU) from platelets. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms of Aβ binding to integrin αIIbβ3 by using Aβ11 and Aβ16 peptides. These peptides include the RHDS binding motif important for integrin binding but lack the central hydrophobic core and the C-terminal sequence of Aβ. We observed platelet adhesion to truncated N-terminal Aβ11 and Aβ16 peptides that was not mediated by integrin αIIbβ3. Thus, no integrin outside-in signaling and reduced CLU release was detected. Accordingly, platelet mediated Aβ fibril formation was not observed. Taken together, the RHDS motif of Aβ is not sufficient for Aβ binding to platelet integrin αIIbβ3 and platelet mediated Aβ fibril formation but requires other recognition or binding motifs important for platelet mediated processes in CAA. Thus, increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Aβ binding to platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is important to understand the role of platelets in amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Donner
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tamar Ziehm
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute for Complex Systems - Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6) Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Hou Y, Lautrup S, Cordonnier S, Wang Y, Croteau DL, Zavala E, Zhang Y, Moritoh K, O'Connell JF, Baptiste BA, Stevnsner TV, Mattson MP, Bohr VA. NAD + supplementation normalizes key Alzheimer's features and DNA damage responses in a new AD mouse model with introduced DNA repair deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1876-E1885. [PMID: 29432159 PMCID: PMC5828618 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718819115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging findings suggest that compromised cellular bioenergetics and DNA repair contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their role in disease-defining pathology is unclear. We developed a DNA repair-deficient 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mouse that exacerbates major features of human AD including phosphorylated Tau (pTau) pathologies, synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and cognitive impairment. Here we report that 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice have a reduced cerebral NAD+/NADH ratio indicating impaired cerebral energy metabolism, which is normalized by nicotinamide riboside (NR) treatment. NR lessened pTau pathology in both 3xTgAD and 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice but had no impact on amyloid β peptide (Aβ) accumulation. NR-treated 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice exhibited reduced DNA damage, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and increased activity of SIRT3 in the brain. NR improved cognitive function in multiple behavioral tests and restored hippocampal synaptic plasticity in 3xTgAD mice and 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice. In general, the deficits between genotypes and the benefits of NR were greater in 3xTgAD/Polβ+/- mice than in 3xTgAD mice. Our findings suggest a pivotal role for cellular NAD+ depletion upstream of neuroinflammation, pTau, DNA damage, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal degeneration in AD. Interventions that bolster neuronal NAD+ levels therefore have therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Cordonnier
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Eduardo Zavala
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Tinna V Stevnsner
- Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224;
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Chiaravalloti A, Ursini F, Fiorentini A, Barbagallo G, Martorana A, Koch G, Tavolozza M, Schillaci O. Functional correlates of TSH, fT3 and fT4 in Alzheimer disease: a F-18 FDG PET/CT study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6220. [PMID: 28740088 PMCID: PMC5524843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the relationships between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), freeT3 (fT3) and freeT4 (fT4) and brain glucose consumption as detectable by means of 2-deoxy-2-(F-18) fluoro-D-glucose (F-18 FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in a selected population with Alzheimer disease (AD). We evaluated 87 subjects (37 males and 50 females, mean age 70 (±6) years old) with AD. All of them were subjected to TSH, fT3 and fT4 assay and to cerebrospinal fluid amyloid (Aβ1-42) and tau [phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) and total-tau (t-tau)] assay prior PET/CT examination. Values for TSH, fT3 and fT4 were in the normal range. The relationships were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) using age, sex, MMSE, scholarship and CSF values of amyloid and tau as covariates. We found a significant positive correlation between TSH values and cortical glucose consumption in a wide portion of the anterior cingulate cortex bilaterally (BA32) and left frontal lobe (BA25) (p FWE-corr <0.001; p FDRcorr <0.000; cluster extent 66950). No significant relationships were found between cortical F-18 FDG uptake and T3 and T4 serum levels. The results of our study suggest that a cortical dysfunction in anterior cingulate and frontal lobes may affect serum values of TSH in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Martorana
- Department of Neurosciences, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neurosciences, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Tavolozza
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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19
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Shi Z, Chen T, Yao Q, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Wang J, Hu Z, Cui H, Han Y, Han X, Zhang K, Hong W. The circular RNA ciRS-7 promotes APP and BACE1 degradation in an NF-κB-dependent manner. FEBS J 2017; 284:1096-1109. [PMID: 28296235 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and enhanced cleavage of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) has a major causative role in AD. Despite their prominence in AD pathogenesis, the regulation of BACE1 and APP is incompletely understood. In this study, we report that the circular RNA circular RNA sponge for miR-7 (ciRS-7) has an important role in regulating BACE1 and APP protein levels. Previous studies have shown that ciRS-7, which is highly expressed in the human brain, is down-regulated in the brain of people with AD but the relevance of this finding was not clear. We have found that ciRS-7 is not involved in the regulation of APP and BACE1 gene expression, but instead reduces the protein levels of APP and BACE1 by promoting their degradation via the proteasome and lysosome. Consequently, overexpression of ciRS-7 reduces the generation of Aβ, indicating a potential neuroprotective role of ciRS-7. Our data also suggest that ciRS-7 modulates APP and BACE1 levels in a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent manner: ciRS-7 expression inhibits translation of NF-κB and induces its cytoplasmic localization, thus derepressing expression of UCHL1, which promotes APP and BACE1 degradation. Additionally, we demonstrated that APP reduces the level of ciRS-7, revealing a mutual regulation of ciRS-7 and APP. Taken together, our data provide a molecular mechanism implicating reduced ciRS-7 expression in AD, suggesting that ciRS-7 may represent a useful target in the development of therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemin Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Qingbin Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Jingzhao Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhimei Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Hongmei Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yawei Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaohui Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
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20
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Hou Y, Song H, Croteau DL, Akbari M, Bohr VA. Genome instability in Alzheimer disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:83-94. [PMID: 27105872 PMCID: PMC5195918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Autosomal dominant, familial AD (fAD) is very rare and caused by mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN-1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN-2) genes. The pathogenesis of sporadic AD (sAD) is more complex and variants of several genes are associated with an increased lifetime risk of AD. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA integrity is pivotal during neuronal development, maintenance and function. DNA damage and alterations in cellular DNA repair capacity have been implicated in the aging process and in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. These findings are supported by research using animal models of AD and in DNA repair deficient animal models. In recent years, novel mechanisms linking DNA damage to neuronal dysfunction have been identified and have led to the development of noninvasive treatment strategies. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms connecting DNA damage to AD pathology may help to develop novel treatment strategies for this debilitating disease. Here we provide an overview of the role of genome instability and DNA repair deficiency in AD pathology and discuss research strategies that include genome instability as a component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hyundong Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, SUND, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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21
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Devassy JG, Leng S, Gabbs M, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Neuroinflammation and Management of Alzheimer Disease. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:905-16. [PMID: 27633106 PMCID: PMC5015035 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is becoming one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions worldwide. Although the disease progression is becoming better understood, current medical interventions can only ameliorate some of the symptoms but cannot slow disease progression. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the advancement of this disorder, and n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in both the reduction in and resolution of inflammation. These effects may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory and proresolving effects of bioactive lipid mediators (oxylipins) derived from n-3 PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in fish oil. Although interventions have generally used fish oil containing both EPA and DHA, several studies that used either EPA or DHA alone or specific oxylipins derived from these fatty acids indicate that they have distinct effects. Both DHA and EPA can reduce neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, but EPA positively influences mood disorders, whereas DHA maintains normal brain structure. Fewer studies with a plant-derived n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid, suggest that other n-3 PUFAs and their oxylipins also may positively affect AD. Further research identifying the unique anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties of oxylipins from individual n-3 PUFAs will enable the discovery of novel disease-management strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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22
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Zhang X, Hu J, Zhong L, Wang N, Yang L, Liu CC, Li H, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Xu H, Bu G, Zhuang J. Quercetin stabilizes apolipoprotein E and reduces brain Aβ levels in amyloid model mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:179-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Shinohara M, Murray ME, Frank RD, Shinohara M, DeTure M, Yamazaki Y, Tachibana M, Atagi Y, Davis MD, Liu CC, Zhao N, Painter MM, Petersen RC, Fryer JD, Crook JE, Dickson DW, Bu G, Kanekiyo T. Impact of sex and APOE4 on cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:225-234. [PMID: 27179972 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) often coexists with Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 is a strong genetic risk factor for both AD and CAA. Sex-dependent differences have been shown in AD as well as in cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, we examined the effects of APOE4, sex, and pathological components on CAA in AD subjects. A total of 428 autopsied brain samples from pathologically confirmed AD cases were analyzed. CAA severity was histologically scored in inferior parietal, middle frontal, motor, superior temporal and visual cortexes. In addition, subgroups with severe CAA (n = 60) or without CAA (n = 39) were subjected to biochemical analysis of amyloid-β (Aβ) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) by ELISA in the temporal cortex. After adjusting for age, Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage and Thal amyloid phase, we found that overall CAA scores were higher in males than females. Furthermore, carrying one or more APOE4 alleles was associated with higher overall CAA scores. Biochemical analysis revealed that the levels of detergent-soluble and detergent-insoluble Aβ40, and insoluble apoE were significantly elevated in individuals with severe CAA or APOE4. The ratio of Aβ40/Aβ42 in insoluble fractions was also increased in the presence of CAA or APOE4, although it was negatively associated with male sex. Levels of insoluble Aβ40 were positively associated with those of insoluble apoE, which were strongly influenced by CAA status. Pertaining to insoluble Aβ42, the levels of apoE correlated regardless of CAA status. Our results indicate that sex and APOE genotypes differentially influence the presence and severity of CAA in AD, likely by affecting interaction and aggregation of Aβ40 and apoE.
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Fu Y, Zhao J, Atagi Y, Nielsen HM, Liu CC, Zheng H, Shinohara M, Kanekiyo T, Bu G. Apolipoprotein E lipoprotein particles inhibit amyloid-β uptake through cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:37. [PMID: 27151330 PMCID: PMC4857252 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation, aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alzheimer's disease risk increases significantly in individuals carrying one or two copies of APOE ε4 allele compared to individuals with an ε3/ε3 genotype. Growing evidence has demonstrated that apolipoprotein E (apoE) strongly influences AD pathogenesis by controlling Aβ aggregation and metabolism. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are abundant cell surface molecules that bind to both apoE and Aβ. HSPGs have been associated with Aβ aggregation and deposition. Although several lines of research have shown that apoE influences Aβ clearance in the brain, it is not clear how apoE influences HSPG-mediated cellular uptake of Aβ. RESULTS In this study, we show that apoE lipoprotein particles from conditioned media of immortalized astrocytes isolated from human APOE-targeted replacement (TR) mice significantly suppress cellular Aβ42 and Aβ40 uptake through cell surface HSPG. ApoE3 and apoE4 particles have similar binding affinity to heparin, while apoE4 particles are likely hypolipidated compared to apoE particles. We also found that the apoE particles antagonize Aβ binding to cell surface, and inhibited Aβ uptake in a concentration-dependent manner in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. While the effect was not apoE isoform-dependent, the suppressive effect of apoE particles on Aβ uptake was not observed in HSPG-deficient CHO cells. We further demonstrated that apoE particles reduced the internalization of Aβ in mouse primary neurons, an effect that is eliminated by the presence of heparin. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings indicate that apoE particles irrespective of isoform inhibit HSPG-dependent cellular Aβ uptake. Modulating the ability of apoE particles to affect Aβ cellular uptake may hold promises for developing new strategies for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yuka Atagi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | | | | | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Better Utilization of Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Preclinical Studies: From the Bench to the Clinic. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1438:311-47. [PMID: 27150098 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3661-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The major symptom of Alzheimer's disease is dementia progressing with age. Its clinical diagnosis is preceded by a long prodromal period of brain pathology that encompasses both formation of extracellular amyloid and intraneuronal tau deposits in the brain and widespread neuronal death. At present, familial cases of dementia provide the most promising foundation for modeling neurodegenerative tauopathies, a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by prominent intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In this chapter, we describe major behavioral hallmarks of tauopathies, briefly outline the genetics underlying familial cases, and discuss the arising implications for modeling the disease in transgenic mouse systems. The selection of tests performed to evaluate the phenotype of a model should be guided by the key behavioral hallmarks that characterize human disorder and their homology to mouse cognitive systems. We attempt to provide general guidelines and establish criteria for modeling dementia in a mouse; however, interpretations of obtained results should avoid a reductionist "one gene, one disease" explanation of model characteristics. Rather, the focus should be directed to the question of how the mouse genome can cope with the over-expression of the protein coded by transgene(s). While each model is valuable within its own constraints and the experiments performed are guided by specific hypotheses, we seek to expand upon their methodology by offering guidance spanning from issues of mouse husbandry to choices of behavioral tests and routes of drug administration that might increase the external validity of studies and consequently optimize the translational aspect of preclinical research.
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Celebi O, Uzdogan A, Oguz KK, Has AC, Dolgun A, Cakmakli GY, Akbiyik F, Elibol B, Saka E. Default mode network connectivity is linked to cognitive functioning and CSF Aβ1–42 levels in Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 62:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Functional correlates of t-Tau, p-Tau and Aβ₁₋₄₂ amyloid cerebrospinal fluid levels in Alzheimer's disease: a ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT study. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:461-8. [PMID: 25646706 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of t-Tau, p-Tau and amyloid-β (Aβ₁₋₄₂) amyloid peptide and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) brain distribution in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 81 newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease patients according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 70 (±6) years; 44 were male and 37 were female. All patients underwent a CSF assay and MRI before ¹⁸F-FDG PET scanning. The relationships were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM8). RESULTS Increased t-Tau CSF levels were related to reduced glucose consumption in a wide portion of the right frontal lobe [Brodmann area (BA 47)] and limbic lobe bilaterally (BA 31,32), whereas no areas of increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake related to t-Tau levels were detected. Elevated p-Tau concentrations in CSF were related to increased glucose consumption in both the right and the left limbic lobe and in the left frontal lobe (BA 32 and 8). We did not find any specific cortical area of reduced glucose consumption being related to low levels of Aβ₁₋₄₂ in CSF, whereas a spawn of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake was detectable in BA 18,19 and in the right cerebellum. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that reduced Aβ₁₋₄₂ concentrations in CSF are related to a wide cortical dysfunction, whereas t-Tau and p-Tau are related to more selective cortical metabolic patterns that mainly involve the cingulate cortex.
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Sachdeva AK, Chopra K. Naringin mitigate okadaic acid-induced cognitive impairment in an experimental paradigm of Alzheimer's disease. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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29
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Biundo F, Ishiwari K, Del Prete D, D'Adamio L. Interaction of ApoE3 and ApoE4 isoforms with an ITM2b/BRI2 mutation linked to the Alzheimer disease-like Danish dementia: Effects on learning and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 126:18-30. [PMID: 26528887 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Amyloid β Precursor Protein (APP) and in genes that regulate APP processing--such as PSEN1/2 and ITM2b/BRI2--cause familial dementia, such Familial Alzheimer disease (FAD), Familial Danish (FDD) and British (FBD) dementias. The ApoE gene is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. Three major variants of ApoE exist in humans (ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4), with the ApoE4 allele being strongly associated with AD. ITM2b/BRI2 is also a candidate regulatory node genes predicted to mediate the common patterns of gene expression shared by healthy ApoE4 carriers and late-onset AD patients not carrying ApoE4. This evidence provides a direct link between ITM2b/BRI2 and ApoE4. To test whether ApoE4 and pathogenic ITM2b/BRI2 interact to modulate learning and memory, we crossed a mouse carrying the ITM2b/BRI2 mutations that causes FDD knocked-in the endogenous mouse Itm2b/Bri2 gene (FDDKI mice) with human ApoE3 and ApoE4 targeted replacement mice. The resultant ApoE3, FDDKI/ApoE3, ApoE4, FDDKI/ApoE4 male mice were assessed longitudinally for learning and memory at 4, 6, 12, and 16-17 months of age. The results showed that ApoE4-carrying mice displayed spatial working/short-term memory deficits relative to ApoE3-carrying mice starting in early middle age, while long-term spatial memory of ApoE4 mice was not adversely affected even at 16-17 months, and that the FDD mutation impaired working/short-term spatial memory in ApoE3-carrying mice and produced impaired long-term spatial memory in ApoE4-carrying mice in middle age. The present results suggest that the FDD mutation may differentially affect learning and memory in ApoE4 carriers and non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Keita Ishiwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Dolores Del Prete
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Luciano D'Adamio
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States.
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Li F, Wei G, Bai Y, Li Y, Huang F, Lin J, Hou Q, Deng R, Zhou JH, Zhang SX, Chen DF. MicroRNA-574 is involved in cognitive impairment in 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice through regulation of neuritin. Brain Res 2015; 1627:177-88. [PMID: 26423933 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. The recent evidence in AD research suggests that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) could contribute to risk for the disease. However, little is understood about the roles of miRNAs in cognitive impairment of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we used 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice, which mimic many of the salient features of the early stage of AD pathological process, to further investigate the roles of miRNAs in synaptic loss involved in learning and memory. We used miRNA expression microarrays on RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice and wild type mice. Real-time reverse transcription PCR was conducted to verify the candidate miRNAs discovered by microarray analysis. The data showed that miR-574 was increased significantly in the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice, which were concomitant with that APP/PS1 mice at the same age displayed a significant synaptic loss and cognitive deficits. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that neuritin (Nrn1) mRNA is targeted by miR-574. Overexpression of miR-574 lowers the levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression in primary hippocampal neurons damage induced by Aβ25-35. And the expression of miR-574 was also up-regulated in the hippocampal neurons from APP/PS1 mice compared with WT littermates. In contrast, suppression of miR-574 by miR-574 inhibitor significantly results in higher levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression. Taken together, miR-574 is involved in cognitive impairment in 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice through regulation of neuritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Research & Development of New Drugs, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuke Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rudong Deng
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hong Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Xia Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Cui J, Wang X, Li X, Wang X, Zhang C, Li W, Zhang Y, Gu H, Xie X, Nan F, Zhao J, Pei G. Targeting the γ-/β-secretase interaction reduces β-amyloid generation and ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related pathogenesis. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15021. [PMID: 27462420 PMCID: PMC4860824 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense global effort, no disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer’s disease have emerged. Molecules targeting catalytic activities of γ-secretase or β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) have been beset by undesired side effects. We hypothesized that blocking the interaction between BACE1 and γ-secretase subunit presenilin-1 (PS1) might offer an alternative strategy to selectively suppress Aβ generation. Through high-throughput screening, we discovered that 3-α-akebonoic acid (3AA) interferes with PS1/BACE1 interaction and reduces Aβ production. Structural analogs of 3AA were systematically synthesized and the functional analog XYT472B was identified. Photo-activated crosslinking and biochemical competition assays showed that 3AA and XYT472B bind to PS1, interfere with PS1/BACE1 interaction, and reduce Aβ production, whereas sparing secretase activities. Furthermore, treatment of APP/PS1 mice with XYT472B alleviated cognitive dysfunction and Aβ-related pathology. Together, our results indicate that chemical interference of PS1/BACE1 interaction is a promising strategy for Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Yangming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Weissmiller AM, Natera-Naranjo O, Reyna SM, Pearn ML, Zhao X, Nguyen P, Cheng S, Goldstein LSB, Tanzi RE, Wagner SL, Mobley WC, Wu C. A γ-secretase inhibitor, but not a γ-secretase modulator, induced defects in BDNF axonal trafficking and signaling: evidence for a role for APP. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118379. [PMID: 25710492 PMCID: PMC4339551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clues to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis come from a variety of different sources including studies of clinical and neuropathological features, biomarkers, genomics and animal and cellular models. An important role for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its processing has emerged and considerable interest has been directed at the hypothesis that Aβ peptides induce changes central to pathogenesis. Accordingly, molecules that reduce the levels of Aβ peptides have been discovered such as γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and modulators (GSMs). GSIs and GSMs reduce Aβ levels through very different mechanisms. However, GSIs, but not GSMs, markedly increase the levels of APP CTFs that are increasingly viewed as disrupting neuronal function. Here, we evaluated the effects of GSIs and GSMs on a number of neuronal phenotypes possibly relevant to their use in treatment of AD. We report that GSI disrupted retrograde axonal trafficking of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), suppressed BDNF-induced downstream signaling pathways and induced changes in the distribution within neuronal processes of mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. In contrast, treatment with a novel class of GSMs had no significant effect on these measures. Since knockdown of APP by specific siRNA prevented GSI-induced changes in BDNF axonal trafficking and signaling, we concluded that GSI effects on APP processing were responsible, at least in part, for BDNF trafficking and signaling deficits. Our findings argue that with respect to anti-amyloid treatments, even an APP-specific GSI may have deleterious effects and GSMs may serve as a better alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M. Weissmiller
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Orlangie Natera-Naranjo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sol M. Reyna
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Pearn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- V.A. San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaobei Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Soan Cheng
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. B. Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Muñoz G, Urrutia JC, Burgos CF, Silva V, Aguilar F, Sama M, Yeh HH, Opazo C, Aguayo LG. Low concentrations of ethanol protect against synaptotoxicity induced by Aβ in hippocampal neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:845-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Li X, Cui J, Ding J, Wang Y, Zeng X, Ling Y, Shen X, Chen S, Huang C, Pei G. Smart Soup, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, ameliorates amyloid pathology and related cognitive deficits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111215. [PMID: 25386946 PMCID: PMC4227681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes substantial public health care burdens. Intensive efforts have been made to find effective and safe disease-modifying treatment and symptomatic intervention alternatives against AD. Smart Soup (SS), a Chinese medicine formula composed of Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (AT), Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP) and Radix Polygalae (RP), is a typical prescription against memory deficits. Here, we assessed the efficacy of SS against AD. Oral administration of SS ameliorated the cognitive impairment of AD transgenic mice, with reduced Aβ levels, retarded Aβ amyloidosis and reduced Aβ-induced gliosis and neuronal loss in the brains of AD mice. Consistently, SS treatment reduced amyloid-related locomotor dysfunctions and premature death of AD transgenic Drosophila. Mechanistic studies showed that RP reduced Aβ generation, whereas AT and PRP exerted neuroprotective effects against Aβ. Taken together, our study indicates that SS could be effective against AD, providing a practical therapeutic strategy against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GP); (JZ)
| | - Xiaohang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianglu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoheng Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GP); (JZ)
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35
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Genetic markers for diagnosis and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Gene 2014; 545:185-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Involvement of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 in Aβ1–42-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:590-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Sasaoka N, Sakamoto M, Kanemori S, Kan M, Tsukano C, Takemoto Y, Kakizuka A. Long-term oral administration of hop flower extracts mitigates Alzheimer phenotypes in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87185. [PMID: 24489866 PMCID: PMC3906130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coincident with the expanding population of aged people, the incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is rapidly increasing in most advanced countries. At present, no effective prophylactics are available. Among several pathological mechanisms proposed for AD, the “amyloid hypothesis” has been most widely accepted, in which accumulation or deposition of Aβ is considered to be the initial event. Thus, prevention of Aβ production would be an ideal strategy for the treatment or prevention of AD. Aβ is produced via the proteolytic cleavage of its precursor protein, APP (amyloid precursor protein), by two different enzymes, β and γ-secretases. Indeed, inhibitors against either or both enzymes have been developed and tested for clinical efficacy. Based on the “amyloid hypothesis”, we developed a luciferase-based screening method to monitor γ-secretase activity, screened more than 1,600 plant extracts, most of which have long been used in Chinese medicine, and observed that Hop extracts significantly inhibit Aβ production in cultured cells. A major component of the inhibitory activity was purified, and its chemical identity was determined by NMR to be Garcinielliptone HC. In vivo, oral administration of Hop extracts to AD model mice decreased Aβ depositions in the cerebral cortex of the parietal lobe, hippocampus, and artery walls (amyloid angiopathy) in the brains. In a Morris water maze test, AD model mice that had daily consumed Hop extracts in their drinking water showed significant mitigation of memory impairment at ages of 9 and 12 months. Moreover, in the open field test oral administration of Hop extracts also prevented an emotional disturbance that appeared in the AD mice at 18 months. Despite lifelong consumption of Hop extracts, no deleterious side effects were observed at any age. These results support the “amyloid hypothesis”, and indicate that Hop extract is a promising candidate for an effective prophylactic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Kanemori
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiru Kan
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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38
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Zhang W, Wang G, Wang P, Zhang Q, Sha S. Effects of neural stem cells on synaptic proteins and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:185-94. [PMID: 24265160 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Zhang
- Department of Medical ImagingTongji HospitalMedical School of Tongji UniversityShanghai China
| | - G.M. Wang
- Department of SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai China
| | - P.J. Wang
- Department of Medical ImagingTongji HospitalMedical School of Tongji UniversityShanghai China
| | - Q. Zhang
- Department of Blood TransfusionHuashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai China
| | - S.H. Sha
- National Key Laboratory for Medical NeurobiologyFudan University China
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39
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Bu G, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T. Vascular hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: role of apoE and apoE receptors. Mol Neurodegener 2013. [PMCID: PMC3847048 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-s1-o20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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A review on cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:375-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Leukotriene D4 induces cognitive impairment through enhancement of CysLT1R-mediated amyloid-β generation in mice. Neuropharmacology 2013; 65:182-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Hippocampal Neurofibromin and Amyloid Precursor Protein Expression in Dopamine D3 Receptor Knock-out Mice Following Passive Avoidance Conditioning. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:564-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Good gene, bad gene: New APP variant may be both. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:281-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel carbamate-substituted flavanone derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and anti-amnestic agents. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Yi P, Schrott L, Castor TP, Alexander JS. Bryostatin-1 vs. TPPB: dose-dependent APP processing and PKC-α, -δ, and -ε isoform activation in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:234-44. [PMID: 22700373 PMCID: PMC3413820 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the α-secretase processing pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is recognized as an important mechanism which diverts APP processing from production of beta-amyloid (Aβ) to non toxic sAPPα, decreasing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plaque formation and AD-associated cognitive deficits. Two potent classes of PKC modulators can activate the α-secretase pathway, the benzo/indolactams and bryostatin/bryologues. While both modulate PKC-dependent APP processing, no direct comparisons of their relative pharmacological potencies have been accomplished which could assist in the development of AD therapies. In this study, we measured the activation of α-secretase APP processing and PKC-α, -δ, and -ε induced by the benzolactam-APP modulator TPPB and bryostatin-1 in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y which expresses APP and α- and β-secretase processing mechanisms. Bryostatin-1 produced a more rapid, potent, and sustained activation of α-secretase APP processing than TPPB and selectively activated PKC-δ and PKC-ε. Although TPPB also activated α-secretase, its potency was approximately 10- to 100-fold lower, possibly reflecting lower PKC-δ and -ε activation. Because bryostatin-1 is a highly potent PKC-δ and -ε activator which activates α-secretase APP processing, further characterization of bryostatin-1/bryologues may help refine their use as important tools for the clinical management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA
| | - L. Schrott
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA
| | | | - J. S. Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA
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46
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Prabhu Y, Burgos PV, Schindler C, Farías GG, Magadán JG, Bonifacino JS. Adaptor protein 2-mediated endocytosis of the β-secretase BACE1 is dispensable for amyloid precursor protein processing. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2339-51. [PMID: 22553349 PMCID: PMC3374752 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-11-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An adaptor protein complex, AP-2, is involved in the endocytosis of β-secretase (BACE1) via the clathrin-dependent machinery. Endosomal targeting of either the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or BACE1 is expendable for the amyloidogenic processing of APP. The β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)–cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a transmembrane aspartyl protease that catalyzes the proteolytic processing of APP and other plasma membrane protein precursors. BACE1 cycles between the trans-Golgi network (TGN), the plasma membrane, and endosomes by virtue of signals contained within its cytosolic C-terminal domain. One of these signals is the DXXLL-motif sequence DISLL, which controls transport between the TGN and endosomes via interaction with GGA proteins. Here we show that the DISLL sequence is embedded within a longer [DE]XXXL[LI]-motif sequence, DDISLL, which mediates internalization from the plasma membrane by interaction with the clathrin-associated, heterotetrameric adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) complex. Mutation of this signal or knockdown of either AP-2 or clathrin decreases endosomal localization and increases plasma membrane localization of BACE1. Remarkably, internalization-defective BACE1 is able to cleave an APP mutant that itself cannot be delivered to endosomes. The drug brefeldin A reversibly prevents BACE1-catalyzed APP cleavage, ruling out that this reaction occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or ER–Golgi intermediate compartment. Taken together, these observations support the notion that BACE1 is capable of cleaving APP in late compartments of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogikala Prabhu
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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47
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Control of Aβ release from human neurons by differentiation status and RET signaling. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:184-99. [PMID: 22534065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have compared the processing of endogenous human amyloid precursor protein (APP) in younger and older neurons. Here, we characterized LUHMES cells as a human model to study Alzheimer's disease-related processes during neuronal maturation and aging. Differentiated LUHMES expressed and spontaneously processed APP via the secretase pathways, and they secreted amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. This was inhibited by cholesterol depletion or secretase inhibition, but not by block of tau phosphorylation. In vitro aged cells increased Aβ secretion without upregulation of APP or secretases. We identified the medium constituent glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) as responsible for this effect. GDNF-triggered Aβ release was associated with rapid upregulation of the GDNF coreceptor "rearranged during transfection" (RET). Other direct (neurturin) or indirect (nerve growth factor) RET activators also increased Aβ, whereas different neurotrophins were ineffective. Downstream of RET, we found activation of protein kinase B (AKT) to be involved. Accordingly, inhibitors of the AKT regulator phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase completely blocked GDNF-triggered AKT phosphorylation and Aβ increase. This suggests that RET signaling affects Aβ release from aging neurons.
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48
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Ofengeim D, Shi P, Miao B, Fan J, Xia X, Fan Y, Lipinski MM, Hashimoto T, Polydoro M, Yuan J, Wong STC, Degterev A. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of neurite loss induced by Aβ peptide using high content screening. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:8714-23. [PMID: 22277654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.290957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate a strong relationship between Αβ peptide-induced neurite degeneration and the progressive loss of cognitive functions in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and in AD animal models. This prompted us to develop a high content screening assay (HCS) and Neurite Image Quantitator (NeuriteIQ) software to quantify the loss of neuronal projections induced by Aβ peptide neurons and enable us to identify new classes of neurite-protective small molecules, which may represent new leads for AD drug discovery. We identified thirty-six inhibitors of Aβ-induced neurite loss in the 1,040-compound National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) custom collection of known bioactives and FDA approved drugs. Activity clustering showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were significantly enriched among the hits. Notably, NSAIDs have previously attracted significant attention as potential drugs for AD; however their mechanism of action remains controversial. Our data revealed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was increased following Aβ treatment. Furthermore, multiple distinct classes of COX inhibitors efficiently blocked neurite loss in primary neurons, suggesting that increased COX activity contributes to Aβ peptide-induced neurite loss. Finally, we discovered that the detrimental effect of COX activity on neurite integrity may be mediated through the inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity. Overall, our work establishes the feasibility of identifying small molecule inhibitors of Aβ-induced neurite loss using the NeuriteIQ pipeline and provides novel insights into the mechanisms of neuroprotection by NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry Ofengeim
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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49
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Woo RS, Lee JH, Kim HS, Baek CH, Song DY, Suh YH, Baik TK. Neuregulin-1 protects against neurotoxicities induced by Swedish amyloid precursor protein via the ErbB4 receptor. Neuroscience 2011; 202:413-23. [PMID: 22186019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) plays an important role in the development and plasticity of the brain and exhibits potent neuroprotective properties. However, little information on its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known. The neuroprotective effect and mechanisms of NRG1 in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the Swedish mutant form of amyloid precursor protein (Swe-APP) and primary cortical neuronal cells treated with amyloid beta peptide(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) were investigated in this study. NRG1 attenuated Swe-APP- or Aβ(1-42)-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in a concentration-dependent manner. The mitigating effects of NRG1 on neuronal cell death were blocked by ErbB4 inhibition, a key NRG1 receptor, which suggests a role of ErbB4 in the neuroprotective function of NRG1. Moreover, NRG1 reduced the number of Swe-APP- and Aβ(1-42)-induced TUNEL-positive SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons, respectively. NRG1 reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and attenuated Swe-APP-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss. NRG1 also induced the upregulation of the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and decreased caspase-3 activation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that NRG1 exerts neuroprotective effects via the ErbB4 receptor, which suggests the neuroprotective potential of NRG1 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-S Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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50
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Wen L, Tang FL, Hong Y, Luo SW, Wang CL, He W, Shen C, Jung JU, Xiong F, Lee DH, Zhang QG, Brann D, Kim TW, Yan R, Mei L, Xiong WC. VPS35 haploinsufficiency increases Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 195:765-79. [PMID: 22105352 PMCID: PMC3257571 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The retromer complex component VPS35 prevents activation of the BACE1 and Aβ production and thus plays an essential role in limiting Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology. VPS35, a major component of the retromer complex, is important for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of membrane proteins. Although implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), how VPS35 regulates AD-associated pathology is unknown. In this paper, we show that hemizygous deletion of Vps35 in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD led to earlier-onset AD-like phenotypes, including cognitive memory deficits, defective long-term potentiation, and impaired postsynaptic glutamatergic neurotransmission in young adult age. These deficits correlated well with an increase of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) level in the mutant hippocampus. We further demonstrate that VPS35 is predominantly expressed in pyramidal neurons of young adult hippocampus and interacts with BACE1, a protease responsible for Aβ production. Loss of VPS35 function in the mouse hippocampus increased BACE1 activity. Suppression of VPS35 expression in culture decreased BACE1 trans-Golgi localization but enriched it in endosomes. These results demonstrate an essential role for VPS35 in suppression of AD neuropathology and in inhibition of BACE1 activation and Aβ production by promoting BACE1 endosome-to-Golgi retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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