1
|
Goletti D, Ong CWM, Friedland JS. Host-directed therapies: old and new approaches for the treatment of infections. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107130. [PMID: 38857650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Catherine W M Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jon S Friedland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zenere G, Wu C, Midkiff CC, Johnson NM, Grice CP, Wimley WC, Kaur A, Braun SE. Extracellular domain, hinge, and transmembrane determinants affecting surface CD4 expression of a novel anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293990. [PMID: 39133676 PMCID: PMC11318886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have demonstrated clinical potential, but current receptors still need improvements to be successful against chronic HIV infection. In this study, we address some requirements of CAR motifs for strong surface expression of a novel anti-HIV CAR by evaluating important elements in the extracellular, hinge, and transmembrane (TM) domains. When combining a truncated CD4 extracellular domain and CD8α hinge/TM, the novel CAR did not express extracellularly but was detectable intracellularly. By shortening the CD8α hinge, CD4-CAR surface expression was partially recovered and addition of the LYC motif at the end of the CD8α TM fully recovered both intracellular and extracellular CAR expression. Mutation of LYC to TTA or TTC showed severe abrogation of CAR expression by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Additionally, we determined that CD4-CAR surface expression could be maximized by the removal of FQKAS motif at the junction of the extracellular domain and the hinge region. CD4-CAR surface expression also resulted in cytotoxic CAR T cell killing of HIV Env+ target cells. In this study, we identified elements that are crucial for optimal CAR surface expression, highlighting the need for structural analysis studies to establish fundamental guidelines of CAR designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Zenere
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- BioMedical Sciences Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cecily C. Midkiff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nathan M. Johnson
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- BioMedical Sciences Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Grice
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- BioMedical Sciences Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - William C. Wimley
- Department of BioChemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Stephen E. Braun
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee MJ, Eason M, Castagna A, Laura G, De Scheerder M, Riley J, Tebas P, Gunst J, Søgaard O, Florence E, Kroon E, De Souza M, Mothe B, Caskey M, Fidler S. The impact of analytical treatment interruptions and trial interventions on time to viral re-suppression in people living with HIV restarting ART in cure-related clinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 2024; 27:e26349. [PMID: 39155436 PMCID: PMC11330850 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess the effectiveness of novel HIV curative strategies, "cure" trials require periods of closely monitored antiretroviral therapy (ART) analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the impact of ATI with or without novel therapeutics in cure-related studies on the time to viral re-suppression following ART restart. METHODS Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for human studies involving ATIs from 1 January 2015 till 22 April 2024. The primary outcome was time to first viral re-suppression (plasma HIV viral load [VL] <50 copies/ml) stratified by receipt of interventional drug with ATI (IA) or ATI-only groups. Random-effects proportional meta-analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis were performed using R. RESULTS Of 1073 studies screened, 13 were included that met the inclusion criteria with VL data available after restarting ART (n = 213 participants). There was no difference between time to viral suppression in IA or ATI-only cohorts (p = 0.22). For 87% of participants, viral suppression within 12 weeks of ART restart was achieved, and all eventually had at least one VL <50 copies/ml during follow-up. After adjusting for covariables, while participants in the IA cohort were associated with less rapid suppression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.94, p = 0.026), other factors include greater log VL at ART restart (aHR 0.56, 95% CI 0.46-0.68, p<0.001), duration since HIV diagnosis (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.96) and longer intervals between HIV VL monitoring (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.59-0.74, p<0.001). However, the use of integrase inhibitors was associated with more rapid viral suppression (aHR 1.74, 95% CI 1.16-2.59). DISCUSSION When designing studies involving ATIs, information on time to viral re-suppression after restarting ART is important to share with participants, and should be regularly monitored and reported, to assess the impact and safety of specific trial interventions in ATI studies. CONCLUSIONS The majority of participants achieved viral suppression after restarting ART in ATI studies. ART regimens containing integrase inhibitors and frequent VL monitoring should be offered for people restarting ART after ATI studies to ensure rapid re-suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jie Lee
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Miles Eason
- Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Clinic of Infectious DiseasesVita‐Salute UniversitySan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Galli Laura
- Infectious DiseasesIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | | | - James Riley
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesDepartment of MicrobiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesDepartment of MicrobiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jesper Gunst
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Ole Søgaard
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Eric Florence
- Departments of Clinical and Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity HospitalAntwerpBelgium
| | | | | | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteHospital Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaSpain
| | - Marina Caskey
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Zeng M, Li Y, Yu L. Leveraging oncovirus-derived antigen against the viral malignancies in adoptive cell therapies. Biomark Res 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 39075601 PMCID: PMC11287861 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, prompting exploration into their application against oncoviruses. Oncoviruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contribute significantly (12-25%) to human malignancies through direct or indirect oncogenic mechanisms. These viruses persistently or latently infect cells, disrupt cellular homeostasis and pathways, challenging current antiviral treatment paradigms. Moreover, viral infections pose additional risks in the setting of long-term cancer therapy and lead to morbidity and mortality. Virally encoded oncoproteins, which are tumor-restricted, immunologically foreign, and even uniformly expressed, represent promising targets for patient-tailored ACTs. This review elucidates the rationale for leveraging viral antigen-specific ACTs in combating viral-associated malignancies. On this basis, ongoing preclinical studies consolidate our understanding of harnessing ACTs against viral malignancies, underscoring their potential to eradicate viruses implicated in cancer progression. Furthermore, we scrutinize the current landscape of clinical trials focusing on virus-specific ACTs and discuss their implications for therapeutic advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical school, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical school, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Shenzhen Haoshi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, No. 155 Hongtian Road, Xinqiao Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518125, China
- Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lindegger DJ. Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:33. [PMID: 39051379 PMCID: PMC11270269 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge with approximately 38 million people currently having the virus worldwide. Despite advances in treatment development, the virus persists in the human population and still leads to new infections. The virus has a powerful ability to mutate and hide from the human immune system in reservoirs of the body. Current standard treatment with antiretroviral therapy effectively controls viral replication but requires lifelong adherence and does not eradicate the virus. This review explores the potential of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as novel therapeutic approaches to HIV, including cell therapy, immunisation strategies and gene therapy. Cell therapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, shows promise in preclinical studies for targeting and eliminating HIV-infected cells. Immunisation therapies, such as broadly neutralising antibodies are being investigated to control viral replication and reduce reservoirs. Despite setbacks in recent trials, vaccines remain a promising avenue for HIV therapy development. Gene therapy using technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 aims to modify cells to resist HIV infection or eliminate infected cells. Challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency and ethical considerations persist in gene therapy for HIV. Future directions require further research to assess the safety and efficacy of emerging therapies in clinical trials. Combined approaches may be necessary to achieve complete elimination of the HIV reservoir. Overall, advanced therapies offer new hope for advancing HIV treatment and moving closer to a cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Josef Lindegger
- Independent Researcher, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland;
- Independent Researcher, London SW1A2JR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su H, Mueller A, Goldstein H. Recent advances on anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell treatment to provide sustained HIV remission. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:169-178. [PMID: 38695148 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful sustained remission of HIV infection has been achieved after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of leukemia in a small cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). This breakthrough demonstrated that the goal of curing HIV was achievable. However, the high morbidity and mortality associated with bone marrow transplantation limits the routine application of this approach and provides a strong rationale for pursuing alternative strategies for sustained long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free HIV remission. Notably, long-term immune-mediated control of HIV replication observed in elite controllers and posttreatment controllers suggests that potent HIV-specific immune responses could provide sustained ART-free remission in PLWH. The capacity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells engineered to target malignant cells to induce remission and cure in cancer patients made this an attractive approach to provide PLWH with a potent HIV-specific immune response. Here, we review the recent advances in the design and application of anti-HIV CAR-T-cell therapy to provide a functional HIV cure. RECENT FINDINGS HIV reservoirs are established days after infection and persist through clonal expansion of infected cells. The continuous interaction between latently infected cells and the immune system shapes the landscape of HIV latency and likely contributes to ART-free viral control in elite controllers. CAR-T cells can exhibit superior antiviral activity as compared with native HIV-specific T cells, particularly because they can be engineered to have multiple HIV specificities, resistance to HIV infection, dual costimulatory signaling, immune checkpoint inhibitors, stem cell derivation, CMV TCR coexpression, and tissue homing ligands. These modifications can significantly improve the capacities of anti-HIV CAR-T cells to prevent viral escape, resist HIV infection, and enhance cytotoxicity, persistence, and tissue penetration. Collectively, these novel modifications of anti-HIV CAR-T cell design have increased their capacity to control HIV infection. SUMMARY Anti-HIV CAR-T cells can be engineered to provide potent and sustained in-vitro and in-vivo antiviral function. The combination of anti-HIV CAR-T cells with other immunotherapeutics may contribute to long-term HIV remission in PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology
| | | | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mao Y, Liao Q, Zhu Y, Bi M, Zou J, Zheng N, Zhu L, Zhao C, Liu Q, Liu L, Chen J, Gu L, Liu Z, Pan X, Xue Y, Feng M, Ying T, Zhou P, Wu Z, Xiao J, Zhang R, Leng J, Sun Y, Zhang X, Xu J. Efficacy and safety of novel multifunctional M10 CAR-T cells in HIV-1-infected patients: a phase I, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study. Cell Discov 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38740803 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have been proposed for HIV-1 treatment but have not yet demonstrated desirable therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report newly developed anti-HIV-1 CAR-T cells armed with endogenic broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and the follicle-homing receptor CXCR5, termed M10 cells. M10 cells were designed to exercise three-fold biological functions, including broad cytotoxic effects on HIV-infected cells, neutralization of cell-free viruses produced after latency reversal, and B-cell follicle homing. After demonstrating the three-fold biological activities, M10 cells were administered to treat 18 HIV-1 patients via a regimen of two allogenic M10 cell infusions with an interval of 30 days, with each M10 cell infusion followed by two chidamide stimulations for HIV-1 reservoir activation. Consequently, 74.3% of M10 cell infusions resulted in significant suppression of viral rebound, with viral loads declining by an average of 67.1%, and 10 patients showed persistently reduced cell-associated HIV-1 RNA levels (average decrease of 1.15 log10) over the 150-day observation period. M10 cells were also found to impose selective pressure on the latent viral reservoir. No significant treatment-related adverse effects were observed. Overall, our study supported the potential of M10 CAR-T cells as a novel, safe, and effective therapeutic option for the functional cure of HIV-1/AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Mao
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qibin Liao
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youwei Zhu
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Bi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Zou
- AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nairong Zheng
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoqun Liu
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghao Pan
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqi Feng
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingyu Zhou
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Leng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yongtao Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy at Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen T, Deng J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Liu R, Zhu Y, Zhou M, Lin Y, Xia B, Lin K, Ma X, Zhang H. The construction of modular universal chimeric antigen receptor T (MU-CAR-T) cells by covalent linkage of allogeneic T cells and various antibody fragments. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:53. [PMID: 38468291 PMCID: PMC10926606 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells therapy is one of the novel immunotherapeutic approaches with significant clinical success. However, their applications are limited because of long preparation time, high cost, and interpersonal variations. Although the manufacture of universal CAR-T (U-CAR-T) cells have significantly improved, they are still not a stable and unified cell bank. METHODS Here, we tried to further improve the convenience and flexibility of U-CAR-T cells by constructing novel modular universal CAR-T (MU-CAR-T) cells. For this purpose, we initially screened healthy donors and cultured their T cells to obtain a higher proportion of stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cells, which exhibit robust self-renewal capacity, sustainability and cytotoxicity. To reduce the alloreactivity, the T cells were further edited by double knockout of the T cell receptor (TCR) and class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA-I) genes utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The well-growing and genetically stable universal cells carrying the CAR-moiety were then stored as a stable and unified cell bank. Subsequently, the SDcatcher/GVoptiTag system, which generate an isopeptide bond, was used to covalently connect the purified scFvs of antibody targeting different antigens to the recovered CAR-T cells. RESULTS The resulting CAR-T cells can perform different functions by specifically targeting various cells, such as the eradication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-latenly-infected cells or elimination of T lymphoma cells, with similar efficiency as the traditional CAR-T cells did. CONCLUSION Taken together, our strategy allows the production of CAR-T cells more modularization, and makes the quality control and pharmaceutic manufacture of CAR-T cells more feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jieyi Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruxin Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingtong Lin
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baijin Xia
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Keming Lin
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdalla AME, Miao Y, Ahmed AIM, Meng N, Ouyang C. CAR-T cell therapeutic avenue for fighting cardiac fibrosis: Roadblocks and perspectives. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3955. [PMID: 38379220 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Heart diseases remain the primary cause of human mortality in the world. Although conventional therapeutic opportunities fail to halt or recover cardiac fibrosis, the promising clinical results and therapeutic efficacy of engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy show several advancements. However, the current models of CAR-T cells need further improvement since the T cells are associated with the triggering of excessive inflammatory cytokines that directly affect cardiac functions. Thus, the current study highlights the critical function of heart immune cells in tissue fibrosis and repair. The study also confirms CAR-T cell as an emerging therapeutic for treating cardiac fibrosis, explores the current roadblocks to CAR-T cell therapy, and considers future outlooks for research development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M E Abdalla
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yu Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ahmed I M Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chenxi Ouyang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li K, Zhang Q. Eliminating the HIV tissue reservoir: current strategies and challenges. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:165-182. [PMID: 38149977 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2298450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the most widespread and harmful infectious diseases in the world. The presence of reservoirs housing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a significant impediment to the development of clinically applicable treatments on a large scale. The viral load in the blood can be effectively reduced to undetectable levels through antiretroviral therapy (ART), and a higher concentration of HIV is sequestered in various tissues throughout the body, forming the tissue reservoir - the source of viremia after interruption treatment. METHODS We take the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as a guideline for this review. In June 2023, we used the Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases to search the relevant literature published in the last decade. RESULTS Here we review the current strategies and treatments for eliminating the HIV tissue reservoirs: early and intensive therapy, gene therapy (including ribozyme, RNA interference, RNA aptamer, zinc finger enzyme, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)), 'Shock and Kill', 'Block and lock', immunotherapy (including therapeutic vaccines, broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T)), and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CONCLUSION The existence of an HIV reservoir is the main obstacle to the complete cure of AIDS. Choosing the appropriate strategy to deplete the HIV reservoir and achieve a functional cure for AIDS is the focus and difficulty of current research. So far, there has been a lot of research and progress in reducing the HIV reservoir, but in general, the current research is still very preliminary. Much research is still needed to properly assess the reliability, effectiveness, and necessity of these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangpeng Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matsuda K, Maeda K. HIV Reservoirs and Treatment Strategies toward Curing HIV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2621. [PMID: 38473868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly improved the prognosis of individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has transformed from a fatal disease to a treatable chronic infection. Currently, effective and safe anti-HIV drugs are available. Although cART can reduce viral production in the body of the patient to below the detection limit, it cannot eliminate the HIV provirus integrated into the host cell genome; hence, the virus will be produced again after cART discontinuation. Therefore, research into a cure (or remission) for HIV has been widely conducted. In this review, we focus on drug development targeting cells latently infected with HIV and assess the progress including our current studies, particularly in terms of the "Shock and Kill", and "Block and Lock" strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Matsuda
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schriek AI, Aldon YLT, van Gils MJ, de Taeye SW. Next-generation bNAbs for HIV-1 cure strategies. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105788. [PMID: 38158130 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the ability to suppress viral replication using anti-retroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 remains a global public health problem. Curative strategies for HIV-1 have to target and eradicate latently infected cells across the body, i.e. the viral reservoir. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have the capacity to neutralize virions and bind to infected cells to initiate elimination of these cells. To improve the efficacy of bNAbs in terms of viral suppression and viral reservoir eradication, next generation antibodies (Abs) are being developed that address the current limitations of Ab treatment efficacy; (1) low antigen (Env) density on (reactivated) HIV-1 infected cells, (2) high viral genetic diversity, (3) exhaustion of immune cells and (4) short half-life of Abs. In this review we summarize and discuss preclinical and clinical studies in which anti-HIV-1 Abs demonstrated potent viral control, and describe the development of engineered Abs that could address the limitations described above. Next generation Abs with optimized effector function, avidity, effector cell recruitment and immune cell activation have the potential to contribute to an HIV-1 cure or durable control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Schriek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Y L T Aldon
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S W de Taeye
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morte-Romea E, Pesini C, Pellejero-Sagastizábal G, Letona-Giménez S, Martínez-Lostao L, Aranda SL, Toyas C, Redrado S, Dolader-Ballesteros E, Arias M, Galvez EM, Sanz-Pamplona R, Pardo J, Paño-Pardo JR, Ramírez-Labrada A. CAR Immunotherapy for the treatment of infectious diseases: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1289303. [PMID: 38352878 PMCID: PMC10861799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1289303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy treatments aim to modulate the host's immune response to either mitigate it in inflammatory/autoimmune disease or enhance it against infection or cancer. Among different immunotherapies reaching clinical application during the last years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for cancer where different CAR T cells have already been approved. Yet their use against infectious diseases is an area still relatively poorly explored, albeit with tremendous potential for research and clinical application. Infectious diseases represent a global health challenge, with the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscoring the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. This review aims to systematically evaluate the current applications of CAR immunotherapy in infectious diseases and discuss its potential for future applications. Notably, CAR cell therapies, initially developed for cancer treatment, are gaining recognition as potential remedies for infectious diseases. The review sheds light on significant progress in CAR T cell therapy directed at viral and opportunistic fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Morte-Romea
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Pesini
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Immunotherapy, Cytotoxicity, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Galadriel Pellejero-Sagastizábal
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Letona-Giménez
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatry, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Loscos Aranda
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla Toyas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Redrado
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicadas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Dolader-Ballesteros
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatry, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicadas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva M. Galvez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicadas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatry, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Ramón Paño-Pardo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramírez-Labrada
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Nanotoxicología e Inmunotoxicología Experimental (UNATI), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su H, Anthony-Gonda K, Orentas RJ, Dropulić B, Goldstein H. Generation of Anti-HIV CAR-T Cells for Preclinical Research. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2807:287-298. [PMID: 38743236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3862-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The inability of people living with HIV (PLWH) to eradicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is due in part to the inadequate HIV-specific cellular immune response. The antiviral function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which are crucial for HIV control, is impaired during chronic viral infection because of viral escape mutations, immune exhaustion, HIV antigen downregulation, inflammation, and apoptosis. In addition, some HIV-infected cells either localize to tissue sanctuaries inaccessible to CD8+ T cells or are intrinsically resistant to CD8+ T cell killing. The novel design of synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that enable T cells to target specific antigens has led to the development of potent and effective CAR-T cell therapies. While initial clinical trials using anti-HIV CAR-T cells performed over 20 years ago showed limited anti-HIV effects, the improved CAR-T cell design, which enabled its success in treating cancer, has reinstated CAR-T cell therapy as a strategy for HIV cure with notable progress being made in the recent decade.Effective CAR-T cell therapy against HIV infection requires the generation of anti-HIV CAR-T cells with potent in vivo activity against HIV-infected cells. Preclinical evaluation of anti-HIV efficacy of CAR-T cells and their safety is fundamental for supporting the initiation of subsequent clinical trials in PLWH. For these preclinical studies, we developed a novel humanized mouse model supporting in vivo HIV infection, the development of viremia, and the evaluation of novel HIV therapeutics. Preclinical assessment of anti-HIV CAR-T cells using this mouse model involves a multistep process including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) harvested from human donors, T cell purification, ex vivo T cell activation, transduction with lentiviral vectors encoding an anti-HIV CAR, CAR-T cell expansion and infusion in mice intrasplenically injected with autologous PBMCs followed by the determination of CAR-T cell capacity for HIV suppression. Each of the steps described in the following protocol were optimized in the lab to maximize the quantity and quality of the final anti-HIV CAR-T cell products.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Mice
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/therapy
- HIV Infections/virology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- HIV-1/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matsui Y, Miura Y. Advancements in Cell-Based Therapies for HIV Cure. Cells 2023; 13:64. [PMID: 38201268 PMCID: PMC10778010 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has evolved since the establishment of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the 1990s, providing HIV-infected individuals with approaches that suppress viral replication, prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) throughout their lifetime with continuous therapy, and halt HIV transmission. However, despite the success of these regimens, the global HIV epidemic persists, prompting a comprehensive exploration of potential strategies for an HIV cure. Here, we offer a consolidated overview of cell-based therapies for HIV-1, focusing on CAR-T cell approaches, gene editing, and immune modulation. Persistent challenges, including CAR-T cell susceptibility to HIV infection, stability, and viral reservoir control, underscore the need for continued research. This review synthesizes current knowledge, highlighting the potential of cellular therapies to address persistent challenges in the pursuit of an HIV cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsui
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St., San Francisco, CA 941578, USA
| | - Yasuo Miura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paneerselvam N, Khan A, Lawson BR. Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV: Progress and challenges. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109809. [PMID: 37852345 PMCID: PMC10872707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer a novel approach to treating, preventing, or curing HIV. Pre-clinical models and clinical trials involving the passive transfer of bNAbs have demonstrated that they can control viremia and potentially serve as alternatives or complement antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, antibody decay, persistent latent reservoirs, and resistance impede bNAb treatment. This review discusses recent advancements and obstacles in applying bNAbs and proposes strategies to enhance their therapeutic potential. These strategies include multi-epitope targeting, antibody half-life extension, combining with current and newer antiretrovirals, and sustained antibody secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber Khan
- The Scintillon Research Institute, 6868 Nancy Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brian R Lawson
- The Scintillon Research Institute, 6868 Nancy Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li S, Wang H, Guo N, Su B, Lambotte O, Zhang T. Targeting the HIV reservoir: chimeric antigen receptor therapy for HIV cure. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2658-2667. [PMID: 37927030 PMCID: PMC10684145 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the viral load in the plasma to undetectable levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, ART alone cannot completely eliminate HIV due to its integration into the host cell genome to form viral reservoirs. To achieve a functional cure for HIV infection, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are underway to develop innovative immunotherapies to eliminate HIV reservoirs in the absence of ART. Early studies have tested adoptive T-cell therapies in HIV-infected individuals, but their effectiveness was limited. In recent years, with the technological progress and great success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, CAR therapy has gradually shown its advantages in the field of HIV infection. Many studies have identified a variety of HIV-specific CAR structures and types of cytolytic effector cells. Therefore, CAR therapy may be beneficial for enhancing HIV immunity, achieving HIV control, and eliminating HIV reservoirs, gradually becoming a promising strategy for achieving a functional HIV cure. In this review, we provide an overview of the design of anti-HIV CAR proteins, the cell types of anti-HIV CAR (including CAR T cells, CAR natural killer cells, and CAR-encoding hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells), the clinical application of CAR therapy in HIV infection, and the prospects and challenges in anti-HIV CAR therapy for maintaining viral suppression and eliminating HIV reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Department of Internal Medicine, AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, UMR1184 INSERM CEA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, University Paris Saclay, Paris 94270, France
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lambrechts L, Bonine N, Verstraeten R, Pardons M, Noppe Y, Rutsaert S, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Van Criekinge W, Cole B, Vandekerckhove L. HIV-PULSE: a long-read sequencing assay for high-throughput near full-length HIV-1 proviral genome characterization. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e102. [PMID: 37819007 PMCID: PMC10639044 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A deep understanding of the composition of the HIV-1 reservoir is necessary for the development of targeted therapies and the evaluation of curative efforts. However, current near full-length (NFL) HIV-1 proviral genome sequencing assays are based on labor-intensive and costly principles of repeated PCRs at limiting dilution, restricting their scalability. To address this, we developed a high-throughput, long-read sequencing assay called HIV-PULSE (HIV Proviral UMI-mediated Long-read Sequencing). This assay uses unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) to tag individual HIV-1 genomes, allowing for the omission of the limiting dilution step and enabling long-range PCR amplification of many NFL genomes in a single PCR reaction, while simultaneously overcoming poor single-read accuracy. We optimized the assay using HIV-infected cell lines and then applied it to blood samples from 18 individuals living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, yielding a total of 1308 distinct HIV-1 genomes. Benchmarking against the widely applied Full-Length Individual Proviral Sequencing assay revealed similar sensitivity (11 vs 18%) and overall good concordance, although at a significantly higher throughput. In conclusion, HIV-PULSE is a cost-efficient and scalable assay that allows for the characterization of the HIV-1 proviral landscape, making it an attractive method to study the HIV-1 reservoir composition and dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Lambrechts
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- BioBix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noah Bonine
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- BioBix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rita Verstraeten
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- BioBix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marion Pardons
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ytse Noppe
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rutsaert
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- BioBix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Basiel Cole
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang JY, Wang L. CAR-T cell therapy: Where are we now, and where are we heading? BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:237-248. [PMID: 37941917 PMCID: PMC10629745 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, with 9 CAR-T-cell products currently available. Furthermore, CAR-T cells have shown promising potential for expanding their therapeutic applications to diverse areas, including solid tumors, myocardial fibrosis, and autoimmune and infectious diseases. Despite these advancements, significant challenges pertaining to treatment-related toxic reactions and relapses persist. Consequently, current research efforts are focused on addressing these issues to enhance the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells and reduce the relapse rate. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the present state of CAR-T-cell therapies, including their achievements, existing challenges, and potential future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rothemejer FH, Lauritsen NP, Søgaard OS, Tolstrup M. Strategies for enhancing CAR T cell expansion and persistence in HIV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253395. [PMID: 37671164 PMCID: PMC10475529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies are tremendously successful in hematological malignancies and show great promise as treatment and curative strategy for HIV. A major determinant for effective CAR T cell therapy is the persistence of CAR T cells. Particularly, antigen density and target cell abundance are crucial for the engagement, engraftment, and persistence of CAR T cells. The success of HIV-specific CAR T cells is challenged by limited antigen due to low cell surface expression of viral proteins and the scarcity of chronically infected cells during antiretroviral therapy. Several strategies have been explored to increase the efficacy of CAR T cells by enhancing expansion and persistence of the engineered cells. This review highlights the challenges of designing CAR T cells against HIV and other chronic viral infections. We also discuss potential strategies to enhance CAR T cell expansion and persistence in the setting of low antigen exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Holm Rothemejer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna Pi Lauritsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saeb S, Wallet C, Rohr O, Schwartz C, Loustau T. Targeting and eradicating latent CNS reservoirs of HIV-1: original strategies and new models. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115679. [PMID: 37399950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the standard treatment for all people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Although cART is effective in treating productive infection, it does not eliminate latent reservoirs of the virus. This leads to lifelong treatment associated with the occurrence of side effects and the development of drug-resistant HIV-1. Suppression of viral latency is therefore the major hurdle to HIV-1 eradication. Multiple mechanisms exist to regulate viral gene expression and drive the transcriptional and post-transcriptional establishment of latency. Epigenetic processes are amongst the most studied mechanisms influencing both productive and latent infection states. The central nervous system (CNS) represents a key anatomical sanctuary for HIV and is the focal point of considerable research efforts. However, limited and difficult access to CNS compartments makes understanding the HIV-1 infection state in latent brain cells such as microglial cells, astrocytes, and perivascular macrophages challenging. This review examines the latest advances on epigenetic transformations involved in CNS viral latency and targeting of brain reservoirs. Evidence from clinical studies as well as in vivo and in vitro models of HIV-1 persistence in the CNS will be discussed, with a special focus on recent 3D in vitro models such as human brain organoids. Finally, the review will address therapeutic considerations for targeting latent CNS reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saeb
- Department of Allied Medicine, Qaen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Clémentine Wallet
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Olivier Rohr
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu P, Ma D, Wu P. Oncogenic virus integration: Moving toward clinical applications. MED 2023; 4:347-352. [PMID: 37301195 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The majority of oncogenic viruses are capable of integrating into the host genome, posing significant challenges to clinical control. Recent conceptual and technological advances, however, offer promising clinical applications. Here, we summarize the advances in our understanding of oncogenic viral integration, their clinical relevance, and the future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arenas VR, Rugeles MT, Perdomo-Celis F, Taborda N. Recent advances in CD8 + T cell-based immune therapies for HIV cure. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17481. [PMID: 37441388 PMCID: PMC10333625 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving a cure for HIV infection is a global priority. There is substantial evidence supporting a central role for CD8+ T cells in the natural control of HIV, suggesting the rationale that these cells may be exploited to achieve remission or cure of this infection. In this work, we review the major challenges for achieving an HIV cure, the models of HIV remission, and the mechanisms of HIV control mediated by CD8+ T cells. In addition, we discuss strategies based on this cell population that could be used in the search for an HIV cure. Finally, we analyze the current challenges and perspectives to translate this basic knowledge toward scalable HIV cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María T. Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Natalia Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellin, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Campos-Gonzalez G, Martinez-Picado J, Velasco-Hernandez T, Salgado M. Opportunities for CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy in HIV Cure. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030789. [PMID: 36992496 PMCID: PMC10057306 DOI: 10.3390/v15030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is having a huge impact in the blood malignancy field and is becoming a well-established therapy for many types of leukaemia. In recent decades, efforts have been made to demonstrate that CAR-T cells have potential as a therapy to achieve a sterilizing cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, translation of this technology to the HIV scenario has not been easy, as many challenges have appeared along the way that hinder the consolidation of CAR-T cells as a putative therapy. Here, we review the origin and development of CAR-T cells, describe the advantages of CAR-T cell therapy in comparison with other therapies, and describe the major obstacles currently faced regarding application of this technology in the HIV field, specifically, viral escape, CAR-T cell infectivity, and accessibility to hidden reservoirs. Nonetheless, promising results in successfully tackling some of these issues that have been obtained in clinical trials suggest a bright future for CAR-T cells as a consolidated therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Talia Velasco-Hernandez
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Salgado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lambrechts L, Bonine N, Verstraeten R, Pardons M, Noppe Y, Rutsaert S, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Van Criekinge W, Cole B, Vandekerckhove L. HIV-PULSE: A long-read sequencing assay for high-throughput near full-length HIV-1 proviral genome characterization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.524396. [PMID: 36711686 PMCID: PMC9882219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A deep understanding of the composition of the HIV-1 reservoir is necessary for the development of targeted therapies and the evaluation of curative efforts. However, current near full-length (NFL) HIV-1 proviral genome sequencing assays are based on labor-intensive and costly principles of repeated PCRs at limiting dilution, restricting their scalability. To address this, we developed a high-throughput, long-read sequencing assay called HIV-PULSE (HIV P roviral U MI-mediated L ong-read Se quencing). This assay uses unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) to tag individual HIV-1 genomes, allowing for the omission of the limiting dilution step and enabling long-range PCR amplification of many NFL genomes in a single PCR reaction, while simultaneously overcoming poor single-read accuracy. We optimized the assay using HIV-infected cell lines and then applied it to blood samples from 18 individuals living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, yielding a total of 1,308 distinct HIV-1 genomes. Benchmarking against the widely applied Full-Length Individual Proviral Sequencing assay revealed similar sensitivity (11% vs 18%) and overall good concordance, though at a significantly higher throughput. In conclusion, HIV-PULSE is a cost-efficient and scalable assay that allows for the characterization of the HIV-1 proviral landscape, making it an attractive method to study the HIV-1 reservoir composition and dynamics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Pan H, Yang X, Wang J, Liang H, Jiang Z, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liang Z, Shen X, Lin Q, Liang Y, Yang J, Lu P, Zhu Y, Li M, Wang P, Xu J, Lu H, Zhu H. Allogeneic gene-edited HIV-specific CAR-T cells secreting PD-1 blocking scFv enhance specific cytotoxic activity against HIV Env + cells invivo. Virol Sin 2023; 38:285-295. [PMID: 36657565 PMCID: PMC10176442 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have been developed to target HIV-1 infected CD4+ T-cells that express HIV Env proteins. However, T cell exhaustion and the patient-specific autologous paradigm of CAR-T cell hurdled clinical applications. Here, we created HIV-specific CAR-T cells using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a 3BNC117-E27 (3BE) CAR construct that enabled the expression of programmed cell death protein (PD-1) -blocking scFv E27 and the single-chain variable fragment of the HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117 to target native HIV Env. Compared with T cells expressing 3BNC117-CAR alone, 3BE CAR-T cells showed greater cytotoxic activity against HIV Env+ cells with stronger proliferation capability, higher killing efficiency, and enhanced cytokine secretion in the presence of HIV Env-expressing cells. Furthermore, we manufactured TCR-deficient 3BE CAR-T cells through gene editing and demonstrated that these CAR-T cells could effectively kill HIV Env + cells in vivo without the occurrence of severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in NSG mice. These data suggest that we have provided a feasible approach to the generation of "off-the-shelf" anti-HIV CAR-T cells in combination with PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, which can be a powerful therapeutic candidate for the functional cure of HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huitong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhengtao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhiming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qinru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinglong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Huanzhang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rothemejer FH, Lauritsen NP, Juhl AK, Schleimann MH, König S, Søgaard OS, Bak RO, Tolstrup M. Development of HIV-Resistant CAR T Cells by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated CAR Integration into the CCR5 Locus. Viruses 2023; 15:202. [PMID: 36680242 PMCID: PMC9862650 DOI: 10.3390/v15010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has been highly successful in treating B cell malignancies and holds great potential as a curative strategy for HIV infection. Recent advances in the use of anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have provided vital information for optimal antigen targeting of CAR T cells. However, CD4+ CAR T cells are susceptible to HIV infection, limiting their therapeutic potential. In the current study, we engineered HIV-resistant CAR T cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated integration of a CAR cassette into the CCR5 locus. We used a single chain variable fragment (scFv) of the clinically potent bNAb 10-1074 as the antigen-targeting domain in our anti-HIV CAR T cells. Our anti-HIV CAR T cells showed specific lysis of HIV-infected cells in vitro. In a PBMC humanized mouse model of HIV infection, the anti-HIV CAR T cells expanded and transiently limited HIV infection. In conclusion, this study provides proof-of-concept for developing HIV-resistant CAR T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 targeted integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Holm Rothemejer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna Pi Lauritsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Karina Juhl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mariane Høgsbjerg Schleimann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Saskia König
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus O. Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pathogen-specific T Cells: Targeting Old Enemies and New Invaders in Transplantation and Beyond. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e809. [PMID: 36698615 PMCID: PMC9831191 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (VSTs) has evolved over the last three decades as a strategy to rapidly restore virus-specific immunity to prevent or treat viral diseases after solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic cell-transplantation (allo-HCT). Since the early proof-of-principle studies demonstrating that seropositive donor-derived T cells, specific for the commonest pathogens post transplantation, namely cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and generated by time- and labor-intensive protocols, could effectively control viral infections, major breakthroughs have then streamlined the manufacturing process of pathogen-specific T cells (pSTs), broadened the breadth of target recognition to even include novel emerging pathogens and enabled off-the-shelf administration or pathogen-naive donor pST production. We herein review the journey of evolution of adoptive immunotherapy with nonengineered, natural pSTs against infections and virus-associated malignancies in the transplant setting and briefly touch upon recent achievements using pSTs outside this context.
Collapse
|
29
|
Miyao K, Yokota H, Sakemura RL. Is CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy a smart strategy to combat central nervous system lymphoma? Front Oncol 2023; 12:1082235. [PMID: 36686821 PMCID: PMC9850100 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1082235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form and aggressive type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that occurs in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults. While adding rituximab to chemotherapeutic regimens resulted in dramatic improvement in both progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with non-central nervous system (CNS) DLBCL, the outcomes of PCNSL are generally poor due to the immune-privileged tumor microenvironment or suboptimal delivery of systemic agents into tumor tissues. Therefore, more effective therapy for PCNSL generally requires systemic therapy with sufficient CNS penetration, including high-dose intravenous methotrexate with rituximab or high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. However, overall survival is usually inferior in comparison to non-CNS lymphomas, and treatment options are limited for elderly patients or patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has emerged as a cutting-edge cancer therapy, which led to recent FDA approvals for patients with B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. Although CAR-T cell therapy in patients with PCNSL demonstrated promising results without significant toxicities in some small cohorts, most cases of PCNSL are excluded from the pivotal CAR-T cell trials due to the concerns of neurotoxicity after CAR-T cell infusion. In this review, we will provide an overview of PCNSL and highlight current approaches, resistance mechanisms, and future perspectives of CAR-T cell therapy in patients with PCNSL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Miyao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yokota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R. Leo Sakemura
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: R. Leo Sakemura,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang W, Zhou M, Chen C, Wu S, Wang L, Xia B, Liu J, Ma X, Pan T, Zhang H, Li L, Liu B. Identification of CD98 as a Novel Biomarker for HIV-1 Permissiveness and Latent Infection. mBio 2022; 13:e0249622. [PMID: 36214569 PMCID: PMC9765422 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02496-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can integrate viral DNA into host cell chromosomes to establish a long-term stable latent reservoir, which is a major obstacle to cure HIV-1 infection. The characteristics of the HIV-1 latent reservoir have not been fully understood. Here, we identified 126 upregulated plasma membrane proteins in HIV-1 latently infected cells by a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The higher levels of CD98 expression in multiple HIV-1 latently infected cell lines and primary CD4+ T cells compared to uninfected cells were further confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry analyses. In addition, CD98high CD4+ T cells displayed hyper-permissiveness to HIV-1 infection and possessed distinct immune phenotypic profiles associated with Th17 and peripheral follicular T helper (pTFH) characteristics. Notably, the CD98high resting memory CD4+ T cells harbored significantly higher cell-associated viral RNA and intact provirus than CD98low counterparts in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, CD98high CD4+ T cells exhibited a robust proliferative capacity and significantly contributed to the clonal expansion of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. Our study demonstrates that CD98 can be used as a novel biomarker of HIV-1 latently infected cells to indicate the effect of various strategies to reduce the viral reservoir. IMPORTANCE Identification of cellular biomarkers is the crucial challenge to eradicate the HIV-1 latent reservoir. In our study, we identified CD98 as a novel plasma membrane biomarker for HIV-1 permissiveness and latent infection. Importantly, CD98high CD4+ T cells exhibited a hyper-permissiveness to HIV-1 infection and significantly contributed to the clonal expansion of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. CD98 could be targeted to develop therapeutic strategies to reduce the HIV-1 latent reservoir in further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Infectious Diseases Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cancan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lilin Wang
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baijin Xia
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Qianyang Biomedical Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Infectious Diseases Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bulsara S, Wu M, Wang T. Phase I CAR-T Clinical Trials Review. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:5673-5684. [PMID: 36456127 PMCID: PMC10132085 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with tumor specificity are being increasingly investigated. Phase I trials are the first step of testing for safety of novel CAR-T therapy to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Several dose escalation methods have been developed over time including rule-based, model-based, and model-assisted designs. The goal of this project is to overview the phase I designs used in current CAR-T trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed literature published between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. The search was limited to human studies in the English language using the keywords "CAR-T phase I", "clinical trials", and "full text". RESULTS One hundred nine papers with at least partial phase I components were included for analysis. 31.2% of the trials used the traditional 3+3 or a variation of said design, and 60.6% did not mention the dose escalation design. The majority of the manuscripts (59.6%) did not report cohort size while 19.3% did not specify the timing of evaluation. Although most of the studies were registered with CT.gov, only 33.9% had any results submitted or posted to CT.gov These trends persisted even in manuscripts published in journals with high impact factors. CONCLUSION Standardizing the publication criteria and providing basic elements of phase I clinical trials are critical to ensure high quality of manuscripts. With the quick development and high costs of CAR-T cell therapy, adoption of advanced designs such as model-based and model-assisted should increase to improve efficiency of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Bulsara
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Mengfen Wu
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Tao Wang
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Immune cells are being engineered to recognize and respond to disease states, acting as a "living drug" when transferred into patients. Therapies based on engineered immune cells are now a clinical reality, with multiple engineered T cell therapies approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies. Ongoing preclinical and clinical studies are testing diverse strategies to modify the fate and function of immune cells for applications in cancer, infectious disease, and beyond. Here, we discuss current progress in treating human disease with immune cell therapeutics, emerging strategies for immune cell engineering, and challenges facing the field, with a particular emphasis on the treatment of cancer, where the most effort has been applied to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V. Maus
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Wilson W. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Anthony-Gonda K, Ray A, Su H, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Lee D, Block A, Chilunda V, Weiselberg J, Zemelko L, Wang YY, Kleinsorge-Block S, Reese JS, de Lima M, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Dimitrov DS, Orentas R, Deeks SG, Rutishauser RL, Berman JW, Goldstein H, Dropulić B. In vivo killing of primary HIV-infected cells by peripheral-injected early memory-enriched anti-HIV duoCAR T cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161698. [PMID: 36345941 PMCID: PMC9675454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR T cell) therapies are candidates to functionally cure HIV infection in people with HIV (PWH) by eliminating reactivated HIV-infected cells derived from latently infected cells within the HIV reservoir. Paramount to translating such therapeutic candidates successfully into the clinic will require anti-HIV CAR T cells to localize to lymphoid tissues in the body and eliminate reactivated HIV-infected cells such as CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Here we show that i.v. injected anti-HIV duoCAR T cells, generated using a clinical-grade anti-HIV duoCAR lentiviral vector, localized to the site of active HIV infection in the spleen of humanized mice and eliminated HIV-infected PBMCs. CyTOF analysis of preinfusion duoCAR T cells revealed an early memory phenotype composed predominantly of CCR7+ stem cell-like/central memory T cells (TSCM/TCM) with expression of some effector-like molecules. In addition, we show that anti-HIV duoCAR T cells effectively sense and kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrate efficient genetic modification of T cells from PWH on suppressive ART into anti-HIV duoCAR T cells that subsequently kill autologous PBMCs superinfected with HIV. These studies support the safety and efficacy of anti-HIV duoCAR T cell therapy in our presently open phase I/IIa clinical trial (NCT04648046).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anthony-Gonda
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Ray
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Yuge Wang
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Danica Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | | | - Vanessa Chilunda
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Weiselberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lily Zemelko
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Kleinsorge-Block
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane S. Reese
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research lnstitute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Joan W. Berman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Boro Dropulić
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chandrasekar AP, Badley AD. Prime, shock and kill: BCL-2 inhibition for HIV cure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033609. [PMID: 36341439 PMCID: PMC9631312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
While modern HIV therapy can effectively suppress viral replication, the persistence of the latent reservoir posits the greatest hurdle to complete cure. The "shock and kill" strategy is under investigation for HIV therapy, aiming to reactivate latent HIV, and subsequently eliminate it through anti-retroviral therapy and host immune function. However, thus far, studies have yielded suboptimal results, stemming from a combination of ineffective latency reversal and poor immune clearance. Concomitantly, studies have now revealed the importance of the BCL-2 anti-apoptotic protein as a critical mediator of infected cell survival, reservoir maintenance and immune evasion in HIV. Furthermore, BCL-2 inhibitors are now recognized for their anti-HIV effects in pre-clinical studies. This minireview aims to examine the intersection of BCL-2 inhibition and current shock and kill efforts, hoping to inform future studies which may ultimately yield a cure for HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswath P. Chandrasekar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andrew D. Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Hu X, Wang W. Current landscape of gene-editing technology in biomedicine: Applications, advantages, challenges, and perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e155. [PMID: 35845351 PMCID: PMC9283854 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expanding genome editing toolbox has revolutionized life science research ranging from the bench to the bedside. These "molecular scissors" have offered us unprecedented abilities to manipulate nucleic acid sequences precisely in living cells from diverse species. Continued advances in genome editing exponentially broaden our knowledge of human genetics, epigenetics, molecular biology, and pathology. Currently, gene editing-mediated therapies have led to impressive responses in patients with hematological diseases, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia. With the discovery of more efficient, precise and sophisticated gene-editing tools, more therapeutic gene-editing approaches will enter the clinic to treat various diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency sydrome (AIDS), hematologic malignancies, and even severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These initial successes have spurred the further innovation and development of gene-editing technology. In this review, we will introduce the architecture and mechanism of the current gene-editing tools, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated nuclease-based tools and other protein-based DNA targeting systems, and we summarize the meaningful applications of diverse technologies in preclinical studies, focusing on the establishment of disease models and diagnostic techniques. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of clinical information using gene-editing therapeutics for treating various human diseases and emphasize the opportunities and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhou
- Department of BiotherapyyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Department of BiotherapyyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPeople's Republic of China
- Department of HematologyHematology Research LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of BiotherapyyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsDevelopment and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and ChildrenMinistry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of BiotherapyyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPeople's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen Y, Yan SM, Pu Z, Feng J, Tan L, Li Y, Hu H, Huang W, Lin Y, Peng Z, He X, Huang F, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Dopamine signaling promotes tissue-resident memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells and antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3130-3142. [PMID: 35802647 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM)-cells have been associated with robust protective anti-tumor immune responses and improved prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that modulate either the production or activity of TRM cells could be effective for treating cancer. Using a high-throughput drug screen, we showed that the neurotransmitter dopamine drives differentiation of CD8+ T cells into CD103+ TRM cells. In murine syngeneic tumor xenograft models and clinical human colon cancer samples, DRD5 served as the major functional dopamine receptor on CD8+ T cells and positively correlated with TRM cell density. DRD5 deficiency led to a failure of CD8+ T cells to accumulate in tissues, resulting in impaired TRM cell formation, reduced effector function, and uncontrolled disease progression. Moreover, dopamine treatment promoted the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells and suppressed colorectal cancer growth in immunocompentent mouse models, and ex-vivo pre-conditioning with dopamine enhanced the in vivo efficacy of CAR-T cells. Finally, in a colorectal cancer patient cohort, dopamine expression was positively associated with patient survival and CD8+ T cell infiltration. These findings suggest that dopaminergic immunoregulation plays an important role in the differentiation of CD8+ cells into CD103+ TRM cells and thereby modulates TRM-elicited antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Pu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Feng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likai Tan
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuzhuang Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrong Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yingtong Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Peng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Feng Huang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gaebler C, Nogueira L, Stoffel E, Oliveira TY, Breton G, Millard KG, Turroja M, Butler A, Ramos V, Seaman MS, Reeves JD, Petroupoulos CJ, Shimeliovich I, Gazumyan A, Jiang CS, Jilg N, Scheid JF, Gandhi R, Walker BD, Sneller MC, Fauci A, Chun TW, Caskey M, Nussenzweig MC. Prolonged viral suppression with anti-HIV-1 antibody therapy. Nature 2022; 606:368-374. [PMID: 35418681 PMCID: PMC9177424 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection remains a public health problem with no cure. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is effective but requires lifelong drug administration owing to a stable reservoir of latent proviruses integrated into the genome of CD4+ T cells1. Immunotherapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies has the potential to suppress infection and increase the rate of clearance of infected cells2,3. Here we report on a clinical study in which people living with HIV received seven doses of a combination of two broadly neutralizing antibodies over 20 weeks in the presence or absence of ART. Without pre-screening for antibody sensitivity, 76% (13 out of 17) of the volunteers maintained virologic suppression for at least 20 weeks off ART. Post hoc sensitivity analyses were not predictive of the time to viral rebound. Individuals in whom virus remained suppressed for more than 20 weeks showed rebound viraemia after one of the antibodies reached serum concentrations below 10 µg ml-1. Two of the individuals who received all seven antibody doses maintained suppression after one year. Reservoir analysis performed after six months of antibody therapy revealed changes in the size and composition of the intact proviral reservoir. By contrast, there was no measurable decrease in the defective reservoir in the same individuals. These data suggest that antibody administration affects the HIV-1 reservoir, but additional larger and longer studies will be required to define the precise effect of antibody immunotherapy on the reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gaebler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lilian Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elina Stoffel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaëlle Breton
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina G Millard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Turroja
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Butler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Shimeliovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline S Jiang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes F Scheid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Gandhi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Sneller
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marina Caskey
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kreider EF, Bar KJ. HIV-1 Reservoir Persistence and Decay: Implications for Cure Strategies. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:194-206. [PMID: 35404007 PMCID: PMC10443186 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), a viral reservoir persists in individuals living with HIV that can reignite systemic replication should treatment be interrupted. Understanding how HIV-1 persists through effective ART is essential to develop cure strategies to induce ART-free virus remission. RECENT FINDINGS The HIV-1 reservoir resides in a pool of CD4-expressing cells as a range of viral species, a subset of which is genetically intact. Recent studies suggest that the reservoir on ART is highly dynamic, with expansion and contraction of virus-infected cells over time. Overall, the intact proviral reservoir declines faster than defective viruses, suggesting enhanced immune clearance or cellular turnover. Upon treatment interruption, rebound viruses demonstrate escape from adaptive and innate immune responses, implicating these selective pressures in restriction of virus reactivation. Cure strategies employing immunotherapy are poised to test whether host immune pressure can be augmented to enhance reservoir suppression or clearance. Alternatively, genomic engineering approaches are being applied to directly eliminate intact viruses and shrink the replication-competent virus pool. New evidence suggests host immunity exerts selective pressure on reservoir viruses and clears HIV-1 infected cells over years on ART. Efforts to build on the detectable, but insufficient, reservoir clearance via empiric testing in clinical trials will inform our understanding of mechanisms of viral persistence and the direction of future cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Kreider
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall Room 130-150, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6073, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 502D Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104‑0673, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang J, Zhang R, Ding X, Jin Y, Qin R, Xia B, Liao Q, Hu H, Song W, Wang Z, Zhang X, Xu J. Pathologically complete remission to combination of invariant NK T cells and anti-CD20 antibody in a refractory HIV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:599-607. [PMID: 35443802 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is a high curability rate with rituximab chemotherapy, approximately 40% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) develop disease relapse or primary-refractory lymphoma. The prognosis of HIV+ DLBCL patients is even worse with limited therapeutic options. The case is presented of a 28-year-old man who was diagnosed with HIV-DLBCL, refractory to rituximab-based chemo-immunotherapies and radiotherapy before and maintained a pathologically complete regression with the infusion of haplotype-matched invariant NK T cells and anti-CD20 antibody. His abdominal mass kept shrinking during the period of follow-up without relapse to date. A combination of haplotype-matched invariant NK T cells was likely to reinvigorate the efficacy of anti-CD20 antibody and may offer a viable treatment option for refractory DLBCL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiangqing Ding
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ran Qin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Bili Xia
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qibin Liao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Huiliang Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Wei Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen X, Jia L, Zhang X, Zhang T, Zhang Y. One arrow for two targets: potential co-treatment regimens for lymphoma and HIV. Blood Rev 2022; 55:100965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as the prototype gene therapy for B cell leukemias. These so-called living drugs are derived from a patient's own cells, reprogrammed to recognize and destroy cancer cells, and then reintroduced into the body. The huge success of this therapy for cancer is rooted in pioneering clinical and preclinical studies, established more than three decades ago, focused on persistent HIV-1 infection. In this issue of the JCI, Bingfeng Liu et al. revisit HIV-specific CAR T cells in an important clinical study that supports broader application of this groundbreaking therapy. Although curative endpoints were not achieved, these findings lay the foundation for augmented approaches applying combinatorial technologies including antigen supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Daly S, O’Sullivan A, MacLoughlin R. Cellular Immunotherapy and the Lung. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1018. [PMID: 34579255 PMCID: PMC8473388 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The new era of cellular immunotherapies has provided state-of-the-art and efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Cellular immunotherapies are at the forefront of innovative medical care, including adoptive T cell therapies, cancer vaccines, NK cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The focus of this review is on cellular immunotherapies and their application in the lung, as respiratory diseases remain one of the main causes of death worldwide. The ongoing global pandemic has shed a new light on respiratory viruses, with a key area of concern being how to combat and control their infections. The focus of cellular immunotherapies has largely been on treating cancer and has had major successes in the past few years. However, recent preclinical and clinical studies using these immunotherapies for respiratory viral infections demonstrate promising potential. Therefore, in this review we explore the use of multiple cellular immunotherapies in treating viral respiratory infections, along with investigating several routes of administration with an emphasis on inhaled immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sorcha Daly
- College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Andrew O’Sullivan
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland;
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|