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Lee S, Ohn J, Kang BM, Hwang ST, Kwon O. Activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 promotes hair growth in human hair follicles. J Adv Res 2024; 64:237-247. [PMID: 37972887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hair loss is a common phenomenon associated with various environmental and genetic factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress has been recognized as a crucial determinant of hair follicle (HF) biology. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mitigates oxidative stress by detoxifying acetaldehyde. This study investigated the potential role of ALDH2 modulation in HF function and hair growth promotion. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of ALDH2 activation on oxidative stress in HFs and hair growth promotion. METHODS The modulatory role of ALDH2 on HFs was investigated using an ALDH2 activator. ALDH2 expression in human HFs was evaluated through in vitro immunofluorescence staining. Ex vivo HF organ culture was employed to assess hair shaft elongation, while the fluorescence probe 2',7'- dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was utilized to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). An in vivo mouse model was used to determine whether ALDH2 activation induces anagen. RESULTS During the anagen phase, ALDH2 showed significantly higher intensity than that in the telogen phase, and its expression was primarily localized along the outer layer of HFs. ALDH2 activation promoted anagen phase induction by reducing ROS levels and enhancing reactive aldehyde clearance, which indicated that ALDH2 functions as a ROS scavenger within HFs. Moreover, ALDH2 activation upregulated Akt/GSK 3β/β-catenin signaling in HFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the hair growth promotion effects of ALDH2 activation in HFs and its potential as a promising therapeutic approach for promoting anagen induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | | | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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2
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Lee SH, Platt S, Lim CH, Ito M, Myung P. The development of hair follicles and nail. Dev Biol 2024; 513:3-11. [PMID: 38759942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The hair follicle and nail unit develop and regenerate through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Here, we review some of the key signals and molecular interactions that regulate mammalian hair follicle and nail formation during embryonic development and how these interactions are reutilized to promote their regeneration during adult homeostasis and in response to skin wounding. Finally, we highlight the role of some of these signals in mediating human hair follicle and nail conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hoon Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Platt
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Albagli O, Pelczar H. [Cell dedifferentiation maintains the melanocyte stem cell population in the hair follicle]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:616-619. [PMID: 39303111 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Albagli
- Équipe photobiologie, CNRS UMR 8256, Institut de biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Pelczar
- UFR 927 Sciences de la vie, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
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4
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Alibardi L. Immunolocalization of telomerases in human hairs identifies proliferating cells in the bulb matrix and outer root sheath. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102344. [PMID: 38513553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase is present in cells with numerous or even un-limited replicative cycles, and some studies suggest it is a stemness marker. In order to determine whether this is the case for the human hair bulbs, an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study has been carried out using antibodies against telomerase and PCNA (a cell proliferation marker). The observed labeling is similar for the two antibodies here utilized and is mainly nuclear. More frequent telomerase-positive cells are seen in the matrix epithelium of anagen hair bulbs but sparse labeled cells are also seen in the outer root sheath. In late catagen and also in telogen hair follicles only sparse labeled cells are present in the outer root sheath and few cells also in the secondary germinal epithelium formed at the base of the hair bulb in telogen. Electron microscopic immunogold shows a prevalent nuclear distribution and a lower cytoplasmic distribution in sparse cells of anagen bulb matrix that contain few keratin bundles. The nuclear localization is generally seen over the euchromatin or in areas occupied by more compact chromatin that may indicate an activity of telomerase in chromatin assemblage or dis-assemblage. The study concludes that the localization of telomerase is present in cells undergoing proliferation, namely transit amplifying cells of the outer root sheath that are sparsely detected in the lowermost secondary germinal hair bulb also in telogen.
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5
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Huang L, Zuo Y, Li S, Li C. Melanocyte stem cells in the skin: Origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1720. [PMID: 38778457 PMCID: PMC11111606 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), melanocyte lineage-specific skin stem cells derived from the neural crest, are observed in the mammalian hair follicle, the epidermis or the sweat gland. MSCs differentiate into mature melanin-producing melanocytes, which confer skin and hair pigmentation and uphold vital skin functions. In controlling and coordinating the homeostasis, repair and regeneration of skin tissue, MSCs play a vital role. Decreased numbers or impaired functions of MSCs are closely associated with the development and therapy of many skin conditions, such as hair graying, vitiligo, wound healing and melanoma. With the advancement of stem cell technology, the relevant features of MSCs have been further elaborated. In this review, we provide an exhaustive overview of cutaneous MSCs and highlight the latest advances in MSC research. A better understanding of the biological characteristics and micro-environmental regulatory mechanisms of MSCs will help to improve clinical applications in regenerative medicine, skin pigmentation disorders and cancer therapy. KEY POINTS: This review provides a concise summary of the origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential of cutaneous MSCs. The role and potential application value of MSCs in skin pigmentation disorders are discussed. The significance of single-cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9 technology and practical models in MSCs research is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Huang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuzhi Zuo
- Department of Plastic and Burns SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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6
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Xiao Y, McGhee CNJ, Zhang J. Adult stem cells in the eye: Identification, characterisation, and therapeutic application in ocular regeneration - A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:148-166. [PMID: 38214071 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Adult stem cells, present in various parts of the human body, are undifferentiated cells that can proliferate and differentiate to replace dying cells within tissues. Stem cells have specifically been identified in the cornea, trabecular meshwork, crystalline lens, iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, sclera, conjunctiva, eyelid, lacrimal gland, and orbital fat. The identification of ocular stem cells broadens the potential therapeutic strategies for untreatable eye diseases. Currently, stem cell transplantation for corneal and conjunctival diseases remains the most common stem cell-based therapy in ocular clinical management. Lens epithelial stem cells have been applied in the treatment of paediatric cataracts. Several early-phase clinical trials for corneal and retinal regeneration using ocular stem cells are also underway. Extensive preclinical studies using ocular stem cells have been conducted, showing encouraging outcomes. Ocular stem cells currently demonstrate great promise in potential treatments of eye diseases. In this review, we focus on the identification, characterisation, and therapeutic application of adult stem cells in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles N J McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Sharma A, Mohapatra H, Arora K, Babbar R, Arora R, Arora P, Kumar P, Algın Yapar E, Rani K, Meenu M, Babu MA, Kaur M, Sindhu RK. Bioactive Compound-Loaded Nanocarriers for Hair Growth Promotion: Current Status and Future Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3739. [PMID: 37960095 PMCID: PMC10649697 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss (alopecia) has a multitude of causes, and the problem is still poorly defined. For curing alopecia, therapies are available in both natural and synthetic forms; however, natural remedies are gaining popularity due to the multiple effects of complex phytoconstituents on the scalp with fewer side effects. Evidence-based hair growth promotion by some plants has been reported for both traditional and advanced treatment approaches. Nanoarchitectonics may have the ability to evolve in the field of hair- and scalp-altering products and treatments, giving new qualities to hair that can be an effective protective layer or a technique to recover lost hair. This review will provide insights into several plant and herbal formulations that have been reported for the prevention of hair loss and stimulation of new hair growth. This review also focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hair growth/loss, several isolated phytoconstituents with hair growth-promoting properties, patents, in vivo evaluation of hair growth-promoting activity, and recent nanoarchitectonic technologies that have been explored for hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Bhoranj (Tikker–Kharwarian), Hamirpur 176041, India;
| | - Harapriya Mohapatra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Kanika Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Poonam Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Evren Algın Yapar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Türkiye;
| | - Kailash Rani
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (H.M.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (R.A.); (P.A.); (K.R.)
| | - Maninder Meenu
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 143005, India;
| | | | - Maninderjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
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8
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Xue Y, Lin L, Li Q, Liu K, Hu M, Ye J, Cao J, Zhai J, Zheng F, Wang Y, Zhang T, Du L, Gao C, Wang G, Wang X, Qin J, Liao X, Kong X, Sorokin L, Shi Y, Wang Y. SCD1 Sustains Homeostasis of Bulge Niche via Maintaining Hemidesmosomes in Basal Keratinocytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2201949. [PMID: 36507562 PMCID: PMC9896058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Niche for stem cells profoundly influences their maintenance and fate during tissue homeostasis and pathological disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms and tissue-specific features remain poorly understood. Here, it is reported that fatty acid desaturation catabolized by stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) regulates hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and hair growth by maintaining the bulge, niche for HFSCs. Scd1 deletion in mice results in abnormal hair growth, an effect exerted directly on keratin K14+ keratinocytes rather than on HFSCs. Mechanistically, Scd1 deficiency impairs the level of integrin α6β4 complex and thus the assembly of hemidesmosomes (HDs). The disruption of HDs allows the aberrant activation of focal adhesion kinase and PI3K in K14+ keratinocytes and subsequently their differentiation and proliferation. The overgrowth of basal keratinocytes results in downward extension of the outer root sheath and interruption of bulge formation. Then, inhibition of PI3K signaling in Scd1-/- mice normalizes the bulge, HFSCs, and hair growth. Additionally, supplementation of oleic acid to Scd1-/- mice reestablishes HDs and the homeostasis of bulge niche, and restores hair growth. Thus, SCD1 is critical in regulating hair growth through stabilizing HDs in basal keratinocytes and thus sustaining bulge for HFSC residence and periodic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Liangyu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Keli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jianchang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jingjie Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Fanjun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Liming Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Guan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xinhua Liao
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC)University of MünsterD‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational MedicineSoochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
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9
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Myung P, Andl T, Atit R. The origins of skin diversity: lessons from dermal fibroblasts. Development 2022; 149:dev200298. [PMID: 36444877 PMCID: PMC10112899 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Skin is largely composed of an epidermis that overlies a supporting dermis. Recent advancements in our understanding of how diverse groups of dermal fibroblasts regulate epidermal and hair follicle growth and differentiation have been fueled by tools capable of resolving molecular heterogeneity at a single-cell level. Fibroblast heterogeneity can be traced back to their developmental origin before their segregation into spatially distinct fibroblast subtypes. The mechanisms that drive this lineage diversification during development are being unraveled, with studies showing that both large- and small-scale positional signals play important roles during dermal development. Here, we first delineate what is known about the origins of the dermis and the central role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in its specification across anatomical locations. We then discuss how one of the first morphologically recognizable fibroblast subtypes, the hair follicle dermal condensate lineage, emerges. Leveraging the natural variation of skin and its appendages between species and between different anatomical locations, these collective studies have identified shared and divergent factors that contribute to the extraordinary diversity of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Mapping the Lipids of Skin Sebaceous Glands and Hair Follicles by High Spatial Resolution MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040411. [PMID: 35455408 PMCID: PMC9031257 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a technology that utilizes the high sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry, combined with a high spatial resolution to characterize the molecular species present in skin tissue. In this article, we use MALDI IMS to map specific lipids characteristic of two important skin appendages in minipig skin: the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. A set of specific lipid markers linked to the synthesis of sebum, stages of sebum production, and the secretion of sebum for two different sebaceous gland subzones, the peripheral and central necrotic, were identified. Furthermore, biochemical pathway analysis of the identified markers provides potential drug-targeting strategies to reduce sebum overproduction in pathological conditions. In addition, specific lipid markers characteristic of the different layers in the hair follicle bulge area, including the outer root sheath, the inner root sheath, and the medulla that are associated with the growth cycles of the hair, were determined. This research highlights the ability of MALDI IMS to link a molecular distribution not only to the morphological features in skin tissue but to the physiological state as well. Thus, this platform can provide a basis for the investigation of biochemical pathways as well as the mechanisms of disease and pharmacology in the skin, which will ultimately be critical for drug discovery and the development of dermatology-related illnesses.
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11
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Hair Regeneration Effects of Lespedeza bicolor Extract In Vivo and In Vitro. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with various causes. Lespedeza bicolor extract (LBE) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. In this study, the activity and mechanisms of LBE as a hair growth agent were investigated. Effects of cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cell cycle regulation of LBE and its active component protocatechuic acid (PCA) were evaluated in human dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Hair regeneration effects of LBE in 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were also determined using positive control 5% minoxidil. The dose-dependent proliferation of DPCs was estimated in response to LBE treatment (0.8–20 µg/mL). Additionally, significant extension of the anagen phase during the hair cell cycle upon LBE treatment was observed histologically and morphologically. Cell cycle arrest gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Lespedezabicolor could be a potent treatment against alopecia through enhancing DPC proliferation and hair regrowth via anagen phase arrest.
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12
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Colin-Pierre C, Berthélémy N, Belloy N, Danoux L, Bardey V, Rivet R, Mine S, Jeanmaire C, Maquart FX, Ramont L, Brézillon S. The Glypican-1/HGF/C-Met and Glypican-1/VEGF/VEGFR2 Ternary Complexes Regulate Hair Follicle Angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:781172. [PMID: 34957110 PMCID: PMC8692797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair renewal involves changes in the morphology of the hair follicle and its micro-vascularization. In alopecia, the hair cycle is accelerated, resulting in the formation of thinner and shorter hair. In addition, alopecia is associated with a decrease in the micro-vascularization of the hair follicles. In this study, the role of glypicans (GPCs) was analyzed in the regulation of the angiogenesis of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). The analysis of glypican gene expression showed that GPC1 is the major glypican expressed by human keratinocytes of outer root sheath (KORS), human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HHFDPC) and HDMEC. KORS were demonstrated to secrete VEGF and HGF. The HDMEC pseudotube formation was induced by KORS conditioned media (KORSCM). It was totally abrogated after GPC1 siRNA transfection of HDMEC. Moreover, when cleaved by phospholipase C (PLC), GPC1 promotes the proliferation of HDMEC. Finally, GPC1 was shown to interact directly with VEGFR2 or c-Met to regulate angiogenesis induced by the activation of these receptors. Altogether, these results showed that GPC1 is a key regulator of microvascular endothelial cell angiogenesis induced by VEGF and HGF secreted by KORS. Thus, GPC1 might constitute an interesting target to tackle alopecia in dermatology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Colin-Pierre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.,BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, Pulnoy, France
| | | | - Nicolas Belloy
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.,P3M, Multiscale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Louis Danoux
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, Pulnoy, France
| | | | - Romain Rivet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Solène Mine
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, Pulnoy, France
| | | | - François-Xavier Maquart
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.,CHU de Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France
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13
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Advances in Hair Restoration. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-021-00368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Willems A, Sinclair R. Alopecias in humans: biology, pathomechanisms and emerging therapies. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:596-e159. [PMID: 34431565 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hair follicle is a complete mini-organ with a complex biology. Recent discoveries have shed light on the pathogenesis and genetic basis of a number of hair loss conditions, offering novel treatment alternatives. OBJECTIVE To explore the biology and physiology of hair growth, the pathomechanism behind alopecias and emerging therapies. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Hair growth is influenced by numerous physiological moderators. Greater understanding of the biology and physiology of the hair follicle and the pathomechanisms of hair disease facilitates development of targeted treatments. Sublingual minoxidil is a promising therapy in humans where optimised drug delivery enhances efficacy and reduces systemic adverse effects. Janice kinase inhibitors, which disrupt the inflammatory cascade, help maintain the hair follicle, preserve immune privilege, and regrow hair in alopecia areata. As the pathomechanisms of other forms of alopecia become better understood, new targeted therapies with greater efficacy will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Willems
- Sinclair Dermatology, 2 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Rodney Sinclair
- Sinclair Dermatology, 2 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Alan Gilbert Building University of Melbourne, 161 Barry St, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Hu C, Chu C, Liu L, Wang C, Jin S, Yang R, Rung S, Li J, Qu Y, Man Y. Dissecting the microenvironment around biosynthetic scaffolds in murine skin wound healing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabf0787. [PMID: 34039601 PMCID: PMC8153724 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The structural properties of biomaterials play crucial roles in guiding cell behavior and influencing immune responses against the material. We fabricated electrospun membranes with three types of surface topography (random, aligned, and latticed), introduced them to dorsal skin excisional wounds in mice and rats, and evaluated their effects on wound healing and immunomodulatory properties. An overview of different immune cells in the microenvironment with the help of single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse cellular heterogeneity in vivo. The time course of immune response was advanced toward an adaptive immunity–dominant stage by the aligned scaffold. In mice without mature T lymphocytes, lack of wound-induced hair neogenesis indicated a regulatory role of T cells on hair follicle regeneration. The microenvironment around scaffolds involved an intricate interplay of immune and cutaneous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Oral Implantology and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- Department of Oral Implantology and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenbing Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shue Jin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical, and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Renli Yang
- Department of Oral Implantology and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shengan Rung
- Department of Oral Implantology and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical, and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yili Qu
- Department of Oral Implantology and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Man
- Department of Oral Implantology and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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16
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Wen L, Miao Y, Fan Z, Zhang J, Guo Y, Dai D, Huang J, Liu Z, Chen R, Hu Z. Establishment of an Efficient Primary Culture System for Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells Using the Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632882. [PMID: 33748117 PMCID: PMC7973216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair follicle tissue engineering is a promising strategy for treating hair loss. Human hair follicle stem cells (hHFSCs), which play a key role in the hair cycle, have potential applications in regenerative medicine. However, previous studies did not achieve efficient hHFSC expansion in vitro using feeder cells. Therefore, there is a need to develop an efficient primary culture system for the expansion and maintenance of hHFSCs. Methods The hHFSCs were obtained by two-step proteolytic digestion combined with microscopy. The cell culture dishes were coated with human fibronectin and inoculated with hHFSCs. The hHFSCs were harvested using a differential enrichment procedure. The effect of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, supplemented in keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM), on adhesion, proliferation, and stemness of hHFSCs and the underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated. Results The hHFSCs cultured in K-SFM, supplemented with Y-27632, exhibited enhanced adhesion and proliferation. Additionally, Y-27632 treatment maintained the stemness of hHFSCs and promoted the ability of hHFSCs to regenerate hair follicles in vivo. However, Y-27632-induced proliferation and stemness in hHFSCs were conditional and reversible. Furthermore, Y-27632 maintained propagation and stemness of hHFSCs through the ERK/MAPK pathway. Conclusion An efficient short-term culture system for primary hHFSCs was successfully established using human fibronectin and the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, which promoted the proliferation, maintained the stemness of hHFSCs and promoted the ability to regenerate hair follicles in vivo. The xenofree culturing method used in this study provided a large number of high-quality seed cells, which have applications in hair follicle tissue engineering and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Guo
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Damao Dai
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kalabusheva EP, Rippa AL, Tsitrina AA, Pinto A, Terskikh AV, Chermnykh ES, Vorotelyak EA. Xenotransplantation of a Full-Layer Human Skin Strip as a Model for Studying Skin Regeneration and the Hair Follicle Cycle. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Li K, Liu F, Sun Y, Gan Y, Zhu D, Wang H, Qu Q, Wang J, Chen R, Fan Z, Liu B, Fu D, Miao Y, Hu Z. Association of fibrosis in the bulge portion with hair follicle miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:213-215. [PMID: 33539849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Medical Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Medical Diagnostic Center, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Decong Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingcheng Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Danlan Fu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Tamura Y, Takata K, Eguchi A, Kataoka Y. Selective Elimination of NG2-Expressing Hair Follicle Stem Cells Exacerbates the Sensitization Phase of Contact Dermatitis in a Transgenic Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186922. [PMID: 32967214 PMCID: PMC7555385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair cycle consists of three different phases: anagen (growth), catagen (regression), and telogen (resting). During the anagen phase, hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the bulge and the secondary hair germ proliferate and generate the outer and inner root sheath cells and the hair shafts. We previously identified NG2-immunoreactive (NG2+) cells as HFSCs in both regions of the hair follicles. Recently, the interaction between the hair cycle and the cutaneous immune system has been re-examined under physiological and pathological conditions. However, the roles of NG2+ HFSCs in the skin’s immune system remain completely elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether the elimination of NG2+ HFSCs affects the induction of allergic contact dermatitis, using a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk)/ganciclovir (GCV) suicide gene system. When the GCV solution was applied to the skin of NG2-HSVtk transgenic (Tg) rats during the depilation-induced anagen phase, NG2+ HFSCs in the Tg rat skin induced apoptotic cell death. Under exposure of a hapten, the selective ablation of NG2+ HFSCs during the anagen phase aggravated the sensitization phase of allergic contact dermatitis. These findings suggest that NG2+ HFSCs and their progeny have immunosuppressive abilities during the anagen phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Tamura
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-304-7160; Fax: +81-78-304-7161
| | - Kumi Takata
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Asami Eguchi
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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20
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Halley-Stott RP, Adeola HA, Khumalo NP. Destruction of the stem cell Niche, Pathogenesis and Promising Treatment Targets for Primary Scarring Alopecias. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1105-1120. [PMID: 32789558 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Primary Scarring Alopecias are characterised by the irreversible destruction and fibrosis of hair follicles, leading to permanent and often disfiguring loss of hair. The pathophysiology of these diseases is not well understood. However, follicular-fibrosis and loss of the stem-cell niche appears to be a common theme. This review explores the pathogenesis of primary scarring alopecias, asking what happens to the stem cells of the hair follicle and how they may contribute to the progression of these diseases. Bulge-resident cells are lost (leading to loss of capacity for hair growth) from the follicle either by inflammatory-mediate apoptosis or through epigenetic reprogramming to assume a mesenchymal-like identity. What proportion of bulge cells is lost to which process is unknown and probably differs depending on the individual PCA and its specific inflammatory cell infiltrate. The formation of fibroblast-like cells from follicular stem cells may also mean that the cells of the bulge have a direct role in the pathogenesis. The identification of specific cells involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases could provide unique diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities to prevent disease progression by preventing EMT and specific pro-fibrotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Halley-Stott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Henry A Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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刘 鹏, 谭 秋, 江 燕, 吕 青. [Wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis: a new perspective on hair follicles regeneration in adult mammals]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:393-398. [PMID: 32174089 PMCID: PMC8171643 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201905102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the research progress of the cell sources and related signaling pathways of the wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) in recent years. METHODS The literature related to WIHN in recent years was reviewed, and the cell sources and molecular mechanism were summarized and discussed. RESULTS Current research shows that WIHN is a rare regeneration phenomenon in the skin of adult mammals, with multiple cell origins, both hair follicle stem cells and epithelial stem cells around the wound. Its molecular mechanism is complicated, which is regulated by many signaling pathways. Besides, the process is closely related to the immune response, the immunocytes and their related cytokines provide suitable conditions for this process. CONCLUSION There are still many unsolved problems on the cellular origins and molecular mechanisms of the WIHN. Further study on the mechanisms will enhance the understanding of adult mammals' hair follicle regeneration and may provide new strategy for functional healing of the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鹏程 刘
- 四川大学华西医院乳腺疾病研究中心 乳腺外科(成都 610041)Department of Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - 秋雯 谭
- 四川大学华西医院乳腺疾病研究中心 乳腺外科(成都 610041)Department of Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
- 四川大学华西医院干细胞与组织工程实验室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - 燕林 江
- 四川大学华西医院乳腺疾病研究中心 乳腺外科(成都 610041)Department of Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - 青 吕
- 四川大学华西医院乳腺疾病研究中心 乳腺外科(成都 610041)Department of Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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22
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Houschyar KS, Borrelli MR, Tapking C, Popp D, Puladi B, Ooms M, Chelliah MP, Rein S, Pförringer D, Thor D, Reumuth G, Wallner C, Branski LK, Siemers F, Grieb G, Lehnhardt M, Yazdi AS, Maan ZN, Duscher D. Molecular Mechanisms of Hair Growth and Regeneration: Current Understanding and Novel Paradigms. Dermatology 2020; 236:271-280. [PMID: 32163945 DOI: 10.1159/000506155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair is a defining feature of mammals and has critical functions, including protection, production of sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones, social and sexual interactions, thermoregulation, and provision of stem cells for skin homeostasis, regeneration, and repair. The hair follicle (HF) is considered a "mini-organ," consisting of intricate and well-organized structures which originate from HF stem and progenitor cells. Dermal papilla cells are the main components of the mesenchymal compartments in the hair bulb and are instrumental in generating signals to regulate the behavior of neighboring epithelial cells during the hair cycle. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions within the dermal papilla niche drive HF embryonic development as well as the postnatal hair growth and regeneration cycle. This review summarizes the current understanding of HF development, repair, and regeneration, with special focus on cell signaling pathways governing these processes. In particular, we discuss emerging paradigms of molecular signaling governing the dermal papilla-epithelial cellular interactions during hair growth and maintenance and the recent progress made towards tissue engineering of human hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Siamak Houschyar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christian Tapking
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Popp
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Behrus Puladi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Ooms
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Malcolm P Chelliah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Susanne Rein
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Clinic St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Pförringer
- Clinic and Policlinic of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Thor
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Georg Reumuth
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ludwik K Branski
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Siemers
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Gerrit Grieb
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Teaching Hospital of the Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,
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Deniz AAH, Abdik EA, Abdik H, Aydın S, Şahin F, Taşlı PN. Zooming in across the Skin: A Macro-to-Molecular Panorama. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1247:157-200. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Amirfakhryan E, Davarnia B, Jeddi F, Najafzadeh N. Azelaic acid stimulates catalase activation and promotes hair growth through upregulation of Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA and Shh protein. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:460-471. [PMID: 32995324 PMCID: PMC7508322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although azelaic acid is effective for treatment of acne and rosacea, the biological activity of azelaic acid and the effect of its combination therapy with minoxidil were not elucidated with regard to hair growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mouse vibrissae follicles were dissected on day 10 after depilation. Then, the bulb and bulge cells of the hair follicle were treated with minoxidil and azelaic acid for 10 days to evaluate Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein expression. Moreover, bulge and bulb cells of the hair follicles were cultivated and the expression of Gli1, Gli2, and Axin2 mRNA levels was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. We further investigated the protective effects of azelaic acid against ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation in cultured bulb and bulge cells by determining catalase activity. An irradiation dose of 20 mJ/cm2 UVB for 4 sec was chosen. RESULTS The results showed that catalase activity significantly (p<0.05) increased in the bulge cells after exposure to 2.5 mM and 25 mM azelaic acid. Meanwhile, treatment of the bulb cells with azelaic acid (2.5 and 25 mM) did not cause significant changes in catalase activity. We also found that azelaic acid (25 mM) alone upregulated Gli1 and Gli2 expression in the bulge cells and 100 µ minoxidil caused Gli1 and Axin2 overexpression in the bulb region of the hair follicle. Moreover, minoxidil (100 µM) alone and in combination with azelaic acid (25 mM) led to Shh protein overexpression in the hair follicles in vitro and in organ culture. CONCLUSION Our results indicated a potential role for azelaic acid in the protection of bulge cells from UVB damage and its combination with minoxidil may activate hair growth through overexpression of Shh protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amirfakhryan
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran ,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behzad Davarnia
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran ,Corresponding Author: Tel: +989104075700, Fax: +984533534703, ,
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25
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Gay D, Ito M. The Seed Tends to the Soil: Hair Follicle Stem Cells Remodel Their Lymphatic Niche. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:733-734. [PMID: 31809735 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells may themselves regulate the niche environment for hair follicle regrowth. A recent Science paper from Elaine Fuchs and colleagues (Gur-Cohen et al., 2019) suggests that this involves regulation of the lymphatic system and may have implications in understanding tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Gay
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Lymphatic vessels play important roles in coordinating fluid homeostasis and local immune responses of the tissues they reside in. A new study shows that in addition, lymphatic vessels of the skin are intimately associated with hair follicles and control HF development, cycling, and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Y Kam
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valentina Greco
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Wu L, Belyaeva OV, Adams MK, Klyuyeva AV, Lee SA, Goggans KR, Kesterson RA, Popov KM, Kedishvili NY. Mice lacking the epidermal retinol dehydrogenases SDR16C5 and SDR16C6 display accelerated hair growth and enlarged meibomian glands. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17060-17074. [PMID: 31562240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenases catalyze the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, a bioactive lipid molecule that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes by binding to nuclear transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors. Several enzymes exhibit retinol dehydrogenase activities in vitro; however, their physiological relevance for retinoic acid biosynthesis in vivo remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that two murine epidermal retinol dehydrogenases, short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5 (SDR16C5) and SDR16C6, contribute to retinoic acid biosynthesis in living cells and are also essential for the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde in vivo Mice with targeted knockout of the more catalytically active SDR16C6 enzyme have no obvious phenotype, possibly due to functional redundancy, because Sdr16c5 and Sdr16c6 exhibit an overlapping expression pattern during later developmental stages and in adulthood. Mice that lack both enzymes are viable and fertile but display accelerated hair growth after shaving and also enlarged meibomian glands, consistent with a nearly 80% reduction in the retinol dehydrogenase activities of skin membrane fractions from the Sdr16c5/Sdr16c6 double-knockout mice. The up-regulation of hair-follicle stem cell genes is consistent with reduced retinoic acid signaling in the skin of the double-knockout mice. These results indicate that the retinol dehydrogenase activities of murine SDR16C5 and SDR16C6 enzymes are not critical for survival but are responsible for most of the retinol dehydrogenase activity in skin, essential for the regulation of the hair-follicle cycle, and required for the maintenance of both sebaceous and meibomian glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Mark K Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kirill M Popov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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28
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Zhu Z, Liu Y, Xue Y, Cheng X, Zhao W, Wang J, He R, Wan Q, Pei X. Tazarotene Released from Aligned Electrospun Membrane Facilitates Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36141-36153. [PMID: 31503444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wound treatment is a long-lasting clinical issue. Poor angiogenesis leading to delayed wound closure causes huge challenges for healing. Functional electrospun membranes have been established as an efficient strategy to promote wound recovery by protecting and improving vascular regeneration. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of tazarotene, an active drug for angiogenesis, loaded in aligned electrospun nanofibrous barrier on a soft tissue wound. This aligned membrane was arranged in a single direction, and tazarotene could be released from its nanofibers sustainably. The in vitro study demonstrated that compared with the random drug-loaded or other control groups, the aligned tazarotene-loaded membranes [poly-caprolactone (PCL)/AT] could stimulate proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and its gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, the in vivo model showed that the prepared tazarotene-loaded aligned membrane significantly accelerated the speed of healing, improved the neovascularization and re-epithelialization, and inhibited the inflammatory reaction in the wound area. All these results above indicated that the PCL/AT nanofibrous dressing, which could promote angiogenesis because of both stimulation of structure and chemical signals, is a promising wound-caring material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , P. R China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , P. R China
| | - Yiyuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , P. R China
| | - Xinting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , P. R China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Polymer Material Engineering , Sichuan University, Coll Polymer Science & Engineering , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , P. R China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , P. R China
| | - Rui He
- The Stomatology Department , The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 310000 , Zhejiang , P. R China
| | - Qianbing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , P. R China
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , P. R China
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29
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Qu F, Su G, Zhao Y. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of hair growth potential of Cacumen Platycladi, and GC-MS analysis of the active constituents of volatile oil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111835. [PMID: 30917929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cacumen Platycladi (CP) is the leaves of Platycladus orientalis which has been traditionally used to resist alopecia and promote hair growth. However, no study has been reported on the effects of CP on proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs). And there is also no complete and systematic research on hair re-growth efficacies of CP. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the hair-growth activity of their extracts on the proliferation of DPCs and the promotion of hair reproduction in C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the DPCs, different extract fractions of CP were investigated. The hair growth effect of CP volatile oil on C57BL/6 mice was evaluated for 28 days. Meanwhile, the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Cacumen Platycladi were isolated and identified by GC-MS. RESULTS The study showed that the extracts of CP could promote the proliferation of DPCs, and the activity of volatile oil was the best. CP volatile oil (100 μg/mL) resulted in stronger proliferation of DPCs by 239.8% compared with control (100%) and minoxidil (130.3%) during the 48 h incubation. And no obvious cytotoxic activity was observed when volatile oil was dosed up to 500 μg/mL. At different growth stages, mice treated with 0.2 g/kg CP volatile oil required shorter time than 2% minoxidil. Hair length for 0.2 g/kg CP volatile oil treated group was longer than those of minoxidil and control. Further histological observation indicated that CP volatile oil could prolonged the anagen phase of hair follicles. Moreover, thirty four components, with contents of 81.9% of the total volatile oils, were separaed and identified. CONCLUSION The CP volatile oil may have the potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanzhi Qu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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30
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cutaneous Remodeling and Hair Follicle Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112758. [PMID: 31195626 PMCID: PMC6600598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are cell-derived membranous structures that were originally catalogued as a way of releasing cellular waste products. Since the discovery of their function in intercellular communication as carriers of proteins, lipids, and DNA and RNA molecules, numerous therapeutic approaches have focused on the use of EVs, in part because of their minimized risk compared to cell-based therapies. The skin is the organ with the largest surface in the body. Besides the importance of its body barrier function, much attention has been paid to the skin in regenerative medicine because of its cosmetic aspect, which is closely related to disorders affecting pigmentation and the presence or absence of hair follicles. The use of exosomes in therapeutic approaches for cutaneous wound healing has been reported and is briefly reviewed here. However, less attention has been paid to emerging interest in the potential capacity of EVs as modulators of hair follicle dynamics. Hair follicles are skin appendices that mainly comprise an epidermal and a mesenchymal component, with the former including a major reservoir of epithelial stem cells but also melanocytes and other cell types. Hair follicles continuously cycle, undergoing consecutive phases of resting, growing, and regression. Many biomolecules carried by EVs have been involved in the control of the hair follicle cycle and stem cell function. Thus, investigating the role of either naturally produced or therapeutically delivered EVs as signaling vehicles potentially involved in skin homeostasis and hair cycling may be an important step in the attempt to design future strategies towards the efficient treatment of several skin disorders.
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31
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Panteleyev AA. Functional anatomy of the hair follicle: The Secondary Hair Germ. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:701-720. [PMID: 29672929 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The secondary hair germ (SHG)-a transitory structure in the lower portion of the mouse telogen hair follicle (HF)-is directly involved in anagen induction and eventual HF regrowth. Some crucial aspects of SHG functioning and ontogenetic relations with other HF parts, however, remain undefined. According to recent evidence (in contrast to previous bulge-centric views), the SHG is the primary target of anagen-inducing signalling and a source of both the outer root sheath (ORS) and ascending HF layers during the initial (morphogenetic) anagen subphase. The SHG is comprised of two functionally distinct cell populations. Its lower portion (originating from lower HF cells that survived catagen) forms all ascending HF layers, while the upper SHG (formed by bulge-derived cells) builds up the ORS. The predetermination of SHG cells to a specific morphogenetic fate contradicts their attribution to the "stem cell" category and supports SHG designation as a "germinative" or a "founder" cell population. The mechanisms of this predetermination driving transition of the SHG from "refractory" to the "competent" state during the telogen remain unknown. Functionally, the SHG serves as a barrier, protecting the quiescent bulge stem cell niche from the extensive follicular papilla/SHG signalling milieu. The formation of the SHG is a prerequisite for efficient "precommitment" of these cells and provides for easier sensing and a faster response to anagen-inducing signals. In general, the formation of the SHG is an evolutionary adaptation, which allowed the ancestors of modern Muridae to acquire a specific, highly synchronized pattern of hair cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Panteleyev
- Kurchatov complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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32
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Leavitt D, Wells M, Abarzua P, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Differential distribution of the epigenetic marker 5-hydroxymethylcytosine occurs in hair follicle stem cells during bulge activation. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:327-334. [PMID: 30719726 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle (HF) cycling is dependent upon activation and differentiation of an epithelial subpopulation of cells with stem-like characteristics. These cells express cytokeratin 15 (CK15) and are sequestered within a specialized niche termed the follicular bulge. The pathways that mediate bulge activation are poorly understood, although growing evidence suggests a role for epigenetic events. METHODS Here we investigated murine and human HFs to determine whether a recently described epigenetic hydroxymethylation marker, 5-hmC, known to mediate cell growth and differentiation, may play a role in bulge activation. RESULTS We found the bulge region of murine HFs to show variable 5-hmC distribution within the nuclei of CK15-positive stem cells during early anagen, a pattern that was not associated with resting stem cells of telogen follicles, which did not express 5-hmC. Moreover, during phases of early anagen that were induced in an organ culture model, spatial alterations in bulge stem cell 5-hmC reactivity, as assessed by dual labeling, were noted. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that 5-hmC may play a dynamic role in bulge activation during anagen growth, and provide a foundation for further experimental inquiry into epigenomic regulation of HF stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Leavitt
- Department of Life Sciences, Program in Human Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Wells
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phammela Abarzua
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine G Lian
- Department of Pathology, Program in Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Gupta K, Levinsohn J, Linderman G, Chen D, Sun TY, Dong D, Taketo MM, Bosenberg M, Kluger Y, Choate K, Myung P. Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Hair Follicle Dermal Niche Molecular Differentiation Trajectory that Begins Prior to Morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2019; 48:17-31.e6. [PMID: 30595533 PMCID: PMC6361530 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Delineating molecular and cellular events that precede appendage morphogenesis has been challenging due to the inability to distinguish quantitative molecular differences between cells that lack histological distinction. The hair follicle (HF) dermal condensate (DC) is a cluster of cells critical for HF development and regeneration. Events that presage emergence of this distinctive population are poorly understood. Using unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing and in vivo methods, we infer a sequence of transcriptional states through which DC cells pass that begins prior to HF morphogenesis. Our data indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required to progress into an intermediate stage that precedes quiescence and differentiation. Further, we provide evidence that quiescent DC cells are recent progeny of selectively proliferating cells present prior to morphogenesis and that are later identified in the peri-DC zone during DC expansion. Together, these findings provide an inferred path of molecular states that lead to DC cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khusali Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan Levinsohn
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Genetics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - George Linderman
- Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Demeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Thomas Yang Sun
- Genetics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Danni Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoé-Cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Keith Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Genetics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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34
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An L, Ling P, Cui J, Wang J, Zhu X, Liu J, Dai Y, Liu Y, Yang L, Du F. ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 maintains the propagation and characteristics of hair follicle stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3689-3700. [PMID: 30662619 PMCID: PMC6291721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are an important source for skin tissue engineering studies and clinical applications. Here, we describe a differential enrichment approach to derive HFSCs from hair follicles of vibrissae and ear skin using the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632. In the presence of Y-27632, primary cultured hair follicle cells grew in clustered colonies surrounded by keratinocyte-like cells and simultaneously expressed three HFSC markers: CD34, K15, and ITGB1. HFSCs cultured in medium containing Y-27632 were presented at a stable ratio of 30.7%, 34.1%, and 32.9% after passages 5, 10, and 15, respectively. By contrast, in medium containing epidermal growth factor, clustered HFSC colonies disappeared after 6 passages and lacked HFSC marker expression. After withdrawal of Y-27632 from the medium, HFSCs rapidly differentiated into keratinocyte-like cells. Furthermore, HFSCs derived with Y-27632 formed spherical clusters in collagen matrix in vitro, differentiated into keratinocytes and adipose cells under in vitro induction conditions, and cooperated with fetal dermal cells to regenerate hair follicles in vivo 6 weeks after their intracutaneous injection into immune-deficient mice. These findings suggest that Y-27632 maintains the self-renewal and stemness characteristics of HFSCs during primary skin tissue culture followed by enrichment passaging and that HFSCs derived with Y-27632 possess the differentiation potentials important for tissue engineering and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyou An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Pingping Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Jiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Xiumei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Yujian Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Lan Yang
- Lannuo Biotechnologies Wuxi Inc.Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Fuliang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046, PR China
- Lannuo Biotechnologies Wuxi Inc.Wuxi 214000, PR China
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35
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Li H, Hou L. Regulation of melanocyte stem cell behavior by the niche microenvironment. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:556-569. [PMID: 29582573 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are regulated by their niches to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair throughout the lifetime of an organism. An excellent example to study stem cell/niche interactions is provided by the regeneration of melanocytes during the hair cycle and in response to various types of injury. These processes are regulated by neighboring stem cells and multiple signaling pathways, including WNT/β-catenin, KITL/KIT, EDNs/EDNRB, TGF-β/TGF-βR, α-MSH/MC1R, and Notch signaling. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the molecular crosstalk between melanocyte stem cells and their neighboring cells, which collectively form the niche microenvironment, and we focus on the question of how McSCs/niche interactions shape the responses to genotoxic damages and mechanical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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36
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Zhang Y, Wang JW, Qu FZ, Zhang YM, Su GY, Zhao YQ. Hair growth promotion effect of cedrol cream and its dermatopharmacokinetics. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42170-42178. [PMID: 35558774 PMCID: PMC9092075 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08667b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical use of cedrol ethanol has been reported to have a beneficial effect on hair loss. However, the use of cedrol has been limited by application-related issues, such as poor water solubility and volatile features. Therefore, the present study developed a cream formulation of cedrol and evaluated various physicochemical parameters of the prepared cream. The optimized cedrol cream was selected after orthogonal tests and determined further. The dermatopharmacokinetics were studied to investigate the absorption difference between cedrol cream and cedrol ethanol after dermal application, and the concentrations of cedrol in skin were analysed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. By comparison, the area under the curve (AUC0–24 h) of cedrol cream was almost three times higher than that of cedrol ethanol. Moreover, this study was undertaken to evaluate the hair growth promoting efficacy of cedrol cream in C57BL/6 mice and Wistar rats. Macroscopic assessment and alopecia score showed that C57BL/6 mice treated with cedrol cream showed a faster production of pigmentation and a higher score at different growth stages than other groups. The hair length of the cedrol cream-treated group was much longer than those of the cedrol ethanol and minoxidil groups. Histological analyses indicated that in the cedrol ethanol group, most follicles of the C57BL/6 mice were in the catagen phase, whereas nearly 83% of hair follicles in the cedrol cream group remained in the anagen phase. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that the cream formulation of cedrol has a stronger hair growth promotion effect, gave no irritation and was safe for topical administration. Topical use of cedrol ethanol has been reported to have a beneficial effect on hair loss.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-wen Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-zhi Qu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-meng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-yue Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yu-qing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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Kim D, Garza LA. The Negative Regulator CXXC5: Making WNT Look a Little Less Dishevelled. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2248-2250. [PMID: 28967390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wingless-related integration site (WNT)/β-catenin signaling regulates diverse physiological functions including tissue regeneration. Activation of WNT signaling can be inhibited by various agents. Lee et al. investigate the interaction of CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) with Dishevelled as one such negative regulator of WNT in hair follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Shinin VV, Panteleyev AA. Targeting of Stem Cell Niches Using Unconventional Genetic Tools. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28647027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of hair follicle (HF) stem cell quiescence and self-renewal are key functions of a specific cellular niche represented by the HF bulge and adjacent cell populations. The unique context of this niche is crucial for normal HF functioning, but mechanisms implicated in its maintenance are still not quite clear. The Letter to the Editor by Sada et al. introduces a novel Slc1a3-CreER genetic mouse model which, in contrast to previously reported marking tools, selectively and highly efficiently demarcates the telogen bulge inner layer, one of the critical structural components of the bulge stem cell niche. The successful use of this tool identified the inner root sheath as a cellular source of telogen bulge inner layer and suggested its potential for further endeavors into fundamental and applied aspects of HF stem cell biology and club hair formation.
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Afanasiev OK, Zhang CZ, Ruhoy SM. TNF-inhibitor associated psoriatic alopecia: Diagnostic utility of sebaceous lobule atrophy. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:563-569. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga K. Afanasiev
- Deptartment of Internal Medicine/Dermatology; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Cathryn Z. Zhang
- Deptartment of Internal Medicine/Dermatology; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Steven M. Ruhoy
- Department of Pathology; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
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miR-128 regulates differentiation of hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells into smooth muscle cells by targeting SMAD2. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:393-400. [PMID: 27087048 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (hHFMSCs) are an important source of cardiovascular tissue engineering for their differentiation potential into smooth muscle cells (SMCs), yet the molecular pathways underlying such fate determination is unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in cell differentiation. In present study, we found that miR-128 was remarkably decreased during the differentiation of hHFMSCs into SMCs induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Moreover, overexpression of miR-128 led to decreased expression of SMC cellular marker proteins, such as smooth muscle actin (SMA) and calponin, in TGF-β1-induced SMC differentiation. Further, we identified that miR-128 targeted the 3'-UTR of SMAD2 transcript for translational inhibition of SMAD2 protein, and knockdown of SMAD2 abrogated the promotional effect of antagomir-128 (miR-128 neutralizer) on SMC differentiation. These results suggest that miR-128 regulates the differentiation of hHFMSCs into SMCs via targeting SMAD2, a main transcription regulator in TGF-β signaling pathway involving SMC differentiation. The miR-128/SMAD2 axis could therefore be considered as a candidate target in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for SMCs.
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41
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The importance of basonuclin 2 in adult mice and its relation to basonuclin 1. Mech Dev 2016; 140:53-73. [PMID: 26923665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BNC2 is an extremely conserved zinc finger protein with important functions in the development of craniofacial bones and male germ cells. Because disruption of the Bnc2 gene in mice causes neonatal lethality, the function of the protein in adult animals has not been studied. Until now BNC2 was considered to have a wider tissue distribution than its paralog, BNC1, but the precise cell types expressing Bnc2 are largely unknown. We identify here the cell types containing BNC2 in the mouse and we show the unexpected presence of BNC1 in many BNC2-containing cells. BNC1 and BNC2 are colocalized in male and female germ cells, ovarian epithelial cells, sensory neurons, hair follicle keratinocytes and connective cells of organ capsules. In many cell lineages, the two basonuclins appear and disappear synchronously. Within the male germ cell lineage, BNC1 and BNC2 are found in prospermatogonia and undifferentiated spermatogonia, and disappear abruptly from differentiating spermatogonia. During oogenesis, the two basonuclins accumulate specifically in maturing oocytes. During the development of hair follicles, BNC1 and BNC2 concentrate in the primary hair germs. As follicle morphogenesis proceeds, cells possessing BNC1 and BNC2 invade the dermis and surround the papilla. During anagen, BNC1 and BNC2 are largely restricted to the basal layer of the outer root sheath and the matrix. During catagen, the compartment of cells possessing BNC1 and BNC2 regresses, and in telogen, the two basonuclins are confined to the secondary hair germ. During the next anagen, the BNC1/BNC2-containing cell population regenerates the hair follicle. By examining Bnc2(-/-) mice that have escaped the neonatal lethality usually associated with lack of BNC2, we demonstrate that BNC2 possesses important functions in many of the cell types where it resides. Hair follicles of postnatal Bnc2(-/-) mice do not fully develop during the first cycle and thereafter remain blocked in telogen. It is concluded that the presence of BNC2 in the secondary hair germ is required to regenerate the transient segment of the follicle. Postnatal Bnc2(-/-) mice also show severe dwarfism, defects in oogenesis and alterations of palatal rugae. Although the two basonuclins possess very similar zinc fingers and are largely coexpressed, BNC1 cannot substitute for BNC2. This is shown incontrovertibly in knockin mice expressing Bnc1 instead of Bnc2 as these mice invariably die at birth with craniofacial abnormalities undistinguishable from those of Bnc2(-/-) mice. The function of the basonuclins in the secondary hair germ is of particular interest.
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Understanding Melanocyte Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30458-69. [PMID: 26703580 PMCID: PMC4691150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes in the skin play an indispensable role in the pigmentation of skin and its appendages. It is well known that the embryonic origin of melanocytes is neural crest cells. In adult skin, functional melanocytes are continuously repopulated by the differentiation of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) residing in the epidermis of the skin. Many preceding studies have led to significant discoveries regarding the cellular and molecular characteristics of this unique stem cell population. The alteration of McSCs has been also implicated in several skin abnormalities and disease conditions. To date, our knowledge of McSCs largely comes from studying the stem cell niche of mouse hair follicles. Suggested by several anatomical differences between mouse and human skin, there could be distinct features associated with mouse and human McSCs as well as their niches in the skin. Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research have provided us with useful tools to potentially acquire a substantial amount of human McSCs and functional melanocytes for research and regenerative medicine applications. This review highlights recent studies and progress involved in understanding the development of cutaneous melanocytes and the regulation of McSCs.
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Chen P, Cescon M, Bonaldo P. Lack of Collagen VI Promotes Wound-Induced Hair Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2358-2367. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Leśniak W, Graczyk-Jarzynka A. The S100 proteins in epidermis: Topology and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2563-72. [PMID: 26409143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100 proteins are small calcium binding proteins encoded by genes located in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC). Differently to other proteins encoded by EDC genes, which are indispensable for normal epidermal differentiation, the role of S100 proteins in the epidermis remains largely unknown. SCOPE OF REVIEW Particular S100 proteins differ in their distribution in epidermal layers, skin appendages, melanocytes and Langerhans cells. Taking into account that each epidermal component consists of specialized cells with well-defined functions, such differential distribution may be indicative of the function of a given S100 protein. We used this criterion together with the survey of the current experimental data pertinent to epidermis to provide a fairly comprehensive view on the possible function of individual S100 proteins in this tissue. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS S100 proteins are differently expressed and, despite extensive structural homology, perform diverse functions in the epidermis. Certain S100 proteins probably ensure constant epidermal renewal and support wound healing while others act in epidermal differentiation or have a protective role. As their expression is differently affected in various skin pathologies, particular S100 proteins could be valuable diagnostic markers. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE S100 proteins seem to be important although not yet fully recognized epidermal constituents. Better understanding of their role in the epidermis might be helpful in designing therapies to various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Leśniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Hung SSC, Pébay A, Wong RCB. Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes. J Vis Exp 2015:e53174. [PMID: 26327431 DOI: 10.3791/53174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy S C Hung
- Centre for Eye Research Australia & Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia & Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne
| | - Raymond C B Wong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia & Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne;
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Goldstein NB, Koster MI, Hoaglin LG, Spoelstra NS, Kechris KJ, Robinson SE, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Narrow Band Ultraviolet B Treatment for Human Vitiligo Is Associated with Proliferation, Migration, and Differentiation of Melanocyte Precursors. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2068-2076. [PMID: 25822579 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitiligo, the autoimmune destruction of epidermal melanocytes produces white spots that can be repigmented by melanocyte precursors from the hair follicles, following stimulation with UV light. We examined by immunofluorescence the distribution of melanocyte markers (C-KIT, DCT, PAX3, and TYR) coupled with markers of proliferation (KI-67) and migration (MCAM) in precursors and mature melanocytes from the hair follicle and the epidermis of untreated and narrow band UVB (NBUVB)-treated human vitiligo skin. NBUVB was associated with a significant increase in the number of melanocytes in the infundibulum and with restoration of the normal melanocyte population in the epidermis, which was lacking in the untreated vitiligo. We identified several precursor populations (melanocyte stem cells, melanoblasts, and other immature phenotypes), and progressively differentiating melanocytes, some with putative migratory and/or proliferative abilities. The primary melanocyte germ was present in the untreated and treated hair follicle bulge, whereas a possible secondary melanocyte germ composed of C-KIT+ melanocytes was found in the infundibulum and interfollicular epidermis of UV-treated vitiligo. This is an exceptional model for studying the mobilization of melanocyte stem cells in human skin. Improved understanding of this process is essential for designing better treatments for vitiligo, ultimately based on melanocyte stem cell activation and mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Goldstein
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maranke I Koster
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura G Hoaglin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole S Spoelstra
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katerina J Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven E Robinson
- Division of Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Abstract
The skin is a complex organ consisting of the epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages, including the hair follicle and sebaceous gland. Wound healing in adult mammals results in scar formation without any skin appendages. Studies have reported remarkable examples of scarless healing in fetal skin and appendage regeneration in adult skin following the infliction of large wounds. The models used in these studies have offered a new platform for investigations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing and skin regeneration in mammals. In this article, we will focus on the contribution of skin appendages to wound healing and, conversely, skin appendage regeneration following injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeo
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Wendy Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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48
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Hematopoietic stem cell niche maintenance during homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Med 2014; 20:833-46. [PMID: 25100529 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche has mystified scientists for many years, leading to widespread investigation to shed light into its molecular and cellular composition. Considerable efforts have been devoted toward uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche maintenance. Recent advances in imaging and genetic manipulation of mouse models have allowed the identification of distinct vascular niches that have been shown to orchestrate the balance between quiescence, proliferation and regeneration of the bone marrow after injury. Here we highlight the recently discovered intrinsic mechanisms, microenvironmental interactions and communication with surrounding cells involved in HSC regulation, during homeostasis and in regeneration after injury and discuss their implications for regenerative therapy.
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Najafzadeh N, Sagha M, Heydari Tajaddod S, Golmohammadi MG, Massahi Oskoui N, Deldadeh Moghaddam M. In vitro neural differentiation of CD34 (+) stem cell populations in hair follicles by three different neural induction protocols. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:192-203. [PMID: 25294494 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) into neurons and glial cells represents a promising cell-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. The hair follicle bulge area is reported as a putative source of new stem cell population for many years. In vitro studies have implicated neural differentiation of HFSCs. Here, we report the identification and purification of CD34 (+) cells from hair follicle by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). We next determined the cytotoxic effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) by using cell viability assays. Moreover, the neural differentiation potential of CD34 (+) cells was evaluated in the presence of RA, serum-free condition, and neural differentiation medium (NDM) treatments by using immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that the isolated CD34 (+) stem cells were 12% of the total cells in the bulge area, and the neural cells derived from the stem cells expressed nestin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Interestingly, all the neural induction media supported neuronal differentiation most effectively, but treatment with serum-free medium significantly increased the number of GFAP-positive glial cells. Moreover, increasing RA concentration (≥10 μM) leads to increased cell death in the cells, but a lower concentration of RA (1 μM) treatment results in a decrease in CD34-expressing stem cells. These findings show an instructive neuronal effect of three neural induction media in HFSCs, indicating the important role of this induction media in the specification of the stem cells toward a neural phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran,
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanocytes produce pigment granules that color both skin and hair. In the hair follicles melanocytes are derived from stem cells (MelSCs) that are present in hair bulges or sub-bulge regions and function as melanocyte reservoirs. Quiescence, maintenance, activation and proliferation of MelSCs are controlled by specific activities in the microenvironment that can influence the differentiation and regeneration of melanocytes. Therefore, understanding MelSCs and their niche may lead to use of MelSCs in new treatments for various pigmentation disorders. AREAS COVERED We describe here pathophysiological mechanisms by which melanocyte defects lead to skin pigmentation disorders such as vitiligo and hair graying. The development, migration and proliferation of melanocytes and factors involved in the survival, maintenance and regeneration of MelSCs are reviewed with regard to the biological roles and potential therapeutic applications in skin pigmentation diseases. EXPERT OPINION MelSC biology and niche factors have been studied mainly in murine experimental models. Human MelSC markers or methods to isolate them are much less well understood. Identification, isolation and culturing of human MelSCs would represent a major step toward new biological therapeutic options for patients with recalcitrant pigmentary disorders or hair graying. By modulating the niche factors for MelSCs, it may one day be possible to control skin pigmentary disorders and prevent or reverse hair graying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center , Boston, MA 02129 , USA +1 617 643 5428 ; +1 617 643 6588 ;
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