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Trevino M, Lobarinas E, Maulden AC, Heinz MG. The chinchilla animal model for hearing science and noise-induced hearing loss. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:3710. [PMID: 31795699 PMCID: PMC6881193 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The chinchilla animal model for noise-induced hearing loss has an extensive history spanning more than 50 years. Many behavioral, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of the chinchilla make it a valuable animal model for hearing science. These include similarities with human hearing frequency and intensity sensitivity, the ability to be trained behaviorally with acoustic stimuli relevant to human hearing, a docile nature that allows many physiological measures to be made in an awake state, physiological robustness that allows for data to be collected from all levels of the auditory system, and the ability to model various types of conductive and sensorineural hearing losses that mimic pathologies observed in humans. Given these attributes, chinchillas have been used repeatedly to study anatomical, physiological, and behavioral effects of continuous and impulse noise exposures that produce either temporary or permanent threshold shifts. Based on the mechanistic insights from noise-exposure studies, chinchillas have also been used in pre-clinical drug studies for the prevention and rescue of noise-induced hearing loss. This review paper highlights the role of the chinchilla model in hearing science, its important contributions, and its advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Trevino
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Callier Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Edward Lobarinas
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Callier Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Amanda C Maulden
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael G Heinz
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Kumar P, Grover V, Publius A S, Sanju HK, Sinha S. Assessment of rock musician's efferent system functioning using contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 2:214-218. [PMID: 29204569 PMCID: PMC5698541 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Contralateral suppression of oto acoustic emission (OAE) is referred as activation of efferent system. Previous literature mentioned about the importance of contralateral suppression of OAEs as a tool to assess efferent system in different groups of population. There is dearth of literature to explore the efferent system function in experienced musicians exposed to rock music using TEOAEs and DPOAEs. Methods Two groups of participant (14 rock musicians and 14 non-musicians) in the age range of 18–25 years were involved in the study. Contralateral suppression of TEOAEs and DPOAEs were measured using ILO (Version 6) in both groups. Results Descriptive statistics showed higher suppression of TEOAEs and DPOAEs in rock-musicians at most of the frequencies in comparison to non-musicians. For DPOAE measures, Mann Whitney U test results revealed significantly greater DPOAE suppression only at 1 kHz and 3 kHz in rock-musicians compared to non-musicians. For within group comparison, Kruskal Wallis test results revealed there were significant difference observed across most of the frequencies i.e. at 1 kHz, 3 kHz and 6 kHz. For TEOAE measures, Mann Whitney U test results revealed that only at 2 kHz, TEOAE suppression in rock-musician was significantly greater compared to non-musicians. Similarly, Kuskal Wallis test results revealed that within group there were no significant differences observed for most of the frequencies except 2 kHz. Conclusions Based on the above finding, present study concludes that rock musicians are having better efferent system compared to non-musicians. No suppression effect at few frequencies probably indicates more vulnerability at those frequencies. Contralateral suppression of DPOAE shows more significant finding in comparison to contralateral suppression of TEOAEs in present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawin Kumar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru 6, Karnataka, India
| | - Vibhu Grover
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru 6, Karnataka, India
| | - Sam Publius A
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru 6, Karnataka, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar Sanju
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sachchidanand Sinha
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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References. Acta Otolaryngol 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/00016486309138110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hamernik RP, Qiu W, Davis B. Hearing loss from interrupted, intermittent, and time varying non-Gaussian noise exposure: The applicability of the equal energy hypothesis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 122:2245-54. [PMID: 17902860 DOI: 10.1121/1.2775160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen groups of chinchillas (N=140) were exposed to various equivalent energy noise paradigms at 100 dB(A) or 103 dB(A) SPL. Eleven groups received an interrupted, intermittent, and time varying (IITV) non-Gaussian exposure quantified by the kurtosis statistic. The IITV exposures, which lasted for 8 hday, 5 daysweek for 3 weeks, were designed to model some of the essential features of an industrial workweek. Five equivalent energy reference groups were exposed to either a Gaussian or non-Gaussian 5 days, 24 hday continuous noise. Evoked potentials were used to estimate hearing thresholds and surface preparations of the organ of Corti quantified the sensory cell population. For IITV exposures at an equivalent energy and kurtosis, the temporal variations in level did not alter trauma and in some cases the IITV exposures produced results similar to those found for the 5 day continuous exposures. Any increase in kurtosis at a fixed energy was accompanied by an increase in noise-induced trauma. These results suggest that the equal energy hypothesis is an acceptable approach to evaluating noise exposures for hearing conservation purposes provided that the kurtosis of the amplitude distribution is taken into consideration. Temporal variations in noise levels seem to have little effect on trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger P Hamernik
- Auditory Research Laboratory, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, 107 Beaumont Hall, Plattsburgh, New York 12901, USA.
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Qiu W, Davis B, Hamernik RP. Hearing loss from interrupted, intermittent, and time varying Gaussian noise exposures: the applicability of the equal energy hypothesis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 121:1613-20. [PMID: 17407898 DOI: 10.1121/1.2434692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Eight groups of chinchillas (N=74) were exposed to various equivalent energy [100 or 106 dB(A) sound pressure level (SPL)] noise exposure paradigms. Six groups received an interrupted, intermittent, time varying (IITV) Gaussian noise exposure that lasted 8 h/d, 5 d/week for 3 weeks. The exposures modeled an idealized workweek. At each level, three different temporal patterns of Gaussian IITV noise were used. The 100 dB(A) IITV exposure had a dB range of 90-108 dB SPL while the range of the 106 dB(A) IITV exposure was 80-115 dB SPL. Two reference groups were exposed to a uniform 100 or 106 dB(A) SPL noise, 24 h/d for 5 days. Each reference group and the three corresponding IITV groups comprised a set of equivalent energy exposures. Evoked potentials were used to estimate hearing thresholds and surface preparation histology quantified sensory cell populations. All six groups exposed to the IITV noise showed threshold toughening effects of up to 40 dB. All IITV exposures produced hearing and sensory cell loss that was similar to their respective equivalent energy reference group. These results indicate that for Gaussian noise the equal energy hypothesis for noise-induced hearing loss is an acceptable unifying principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Auditory Research Laboratory, State University of New York, 107 Beaumont Hall, Plattsburgh, New York 12901, USA.
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Abstract
We compared the extent of permanent threshold shifts (PTS) and cochlear hair cell damage caused by continuous noise exposure with those caused by intermittent noise exposure. Twenty male pigmented guinea pigs that had been exposed to a one-octave band of noise at 4 kHz for 5 h were placed in four groups: exposure to 115 dB SPL continuous noise (group 1, n=5), 115 dB SPL intermittent noise (group 2, n=5), 125 dB SPL continuous noise (group 3, n=5), and 125 dB SPL intermittent noise (group 4, n=5). PTS at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kHz were assessed by means of auditory brainstem responses measured before noise exposure and 10 days after. The guinea pigs were killed 15 days after noise exposure, and the number of hair cells missing counted in surface preparations of the organs of Corti stained with rhodamine phalloidin. Groups 1 and 3 had significantly greater PTS (P<0.05) at all frequencies than intermittent groups 2 and 4. Group 3 had the greatest PTS at all the frequencies. Intermittent 125 dB noise total energy was greater than that of continuous 115 dB noise, but the latter elicited more PTS than the former. The extent of hair cell damage was comparable to the physiological findings. This indicates that continuous noise causes greater damage to the cochlea than intermittent noise of the same intensity and that, at the intensities tested, damage to the cochlea is not proportional to the total noise energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Pourbakht
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Sound conditioning, by chronic exposure to moderate-level sound, can protect the inner ear (reduce threshold shifts and hair cell damage) from subsequent high-level sound exposure. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this protective effect, the present study focuses on the physiological changes brought on by the conditioning exposure itself. In our guinea-pig model, 6-h daily conditioning exposure to an octave-band noise at 85 dB SPL reduces the permanent threshold shifts (PTSs) from a subsequent 4-h traumatic exposure to the same noise band at 109 dB SPL, as assessed by both compound action potentials (CAPs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The frequency region of maximum threshold protection is approximately one-half octave above the upper frequency cutoff of the exposure band. Protection is also evident in the magnitude of suprathreshold CAPs and DPOAEs, where effects are more robust and extend to higher frequencies than those evident at or near threshold. The conditioning exposure also enhanced cochlear sensitivity, when evaluated at the same postconditioning time at which the traumatic exposure would be delivered in a protection study. Response enhancements were seen in both threshold and suprathreshold CAPs and DPOAEs. The frequency dependence of the enhancement effects differed, however, by these two metrics. For CAPs, effects were maximum in the same frequency region as those most protected by the conditioning. For DPOAEs, enhancements were shifted to lower frequencies. The conditioning exposure also enhanced both ipsilaterally and contralaterally evoked olivocochlear (OC) reflex strength, as assessed using DPOAEs. The frequency and level dependence of the reflex enhancements were consistent with changes seen in sound-evoked discharge rates in OC fibers after conditioning. However, comparison with the frequency range and magnitude of conditioning-related protection suggests that the protection cannot be completely explained by amplification of the OC reflex and the known protective effects of OC feedback. Rather, the present results suggest that sound conditioning leads to changes in the physiology of the outer hair cells themselves, the peripheral targets of the OC reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kujawa
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School; and Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Abstract
Evidence exists to suggest that intense sound releases excess neurotransmitter from the inner hair cells. However, it has been previously reported that intense sound affects the cochlear micromechanics by altering the stereocilia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that intense sound affects structures involved in transduction before it affects the nerve endings. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the interaction of intense sound with kynurenate which blocks the action of the neurotransmitter on the afferent nerve endings. Intracochlear perfusion of artificial perilymph containing 5 mM kynurenate did not reduce the effect of intense sound when we compare the results with a control group perfused with artificial perilymph alone. These results show that blockade of afferent transmitter receptors did not reduce the effect of acoustic trauma, and the acoustic trauma used herein affected structures involved in transduction before it affected the postsynaptic structures. We speculate that the active process is affected first during acoustic trauma. This interpretation is consistent with the notion that stereocilia are structures that make up part of the active process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Puel
- Louisiana State University Medical School, Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Biocommunication, New Orleans 70112-2234
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Abstract
Four groups of chinchillas were exposed to an octave band of noise with a center frequency of 4 kHz and a sound pressure level of 80 or 86 dB SPL on interrupted schedules with 18, 42 or 162 h of rest between successive 6-h exposures. Damage in these ears was compared to that in ears receiving continuous exposures which were equal in total energy. The same pattern of cell loss was found in ears damaged by continuous and interrupted exposures. However, both the incidence and average size of the lesion in the basal turn were reduced in all ears receiving interrupted exposures. Eighteen hours of rest between successive 6-h, high-frequency noise exposures was found to provide significant protection from damage for the basal turn of the chinchilla cochlea.
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Bohne BA, Zahn SJ, Bozzay DG. Damage to the cochlea following interrupted exposure to low frequency noise. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1985; 94:122-8. [PMID: 3994228 DOI: 10.1177/000348948509400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study determines how the magnitude and pattern of cochlear damage is altered when exposure to noise is interrupted by regularly spaced rest periods. Groups of chinchillas were exposed for six hours per session to an octave band of noise with a center frequency of 0.5 kHz. The rest interval between successive exposures varied from 18 to 162 hours. The total energy in these exposures was equal to that in a nine-day continuous exposure at 95 dB sound pressure level. The ears of all animals were prepared for histological study so that the extent of cochlear damage could be determined. The pattern of damage produced by interrupted exposure to low frequency noise was the same as that found with continuous exposure, while the magnitude of damage was usually reduced. The amount of protection provided by a particular rest period was found to be different for the low and high frequency regions of the cochlea. The significance of these findings with regard to the mechanisms of noise damage is discussed.
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Salt AN, Konishi T. Effects of noise on cochlear potentials and endolymph potassium concentration recorded with potassium-selective electrodes. Hear Res 1979; 1:343-63. [PMID: 541281 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5955(79)90005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pig cochleas were exposed to either broad-band noise at intensities between 95 and 115 dBA or octave-band noise centered at 380 Hz or 4.2 kHz at intensities between 115 and 125 dB SPL. Cochlear microphonics (CM), summating potentials (SP) and action potentials (AP) were recorded from differential electrodes in the perilymphatic scalae between successive 20-min periods of noise exposure. The endocochlear potential (EP) and endolymph potassium concentration [Kendo+] were recorded continuously from scala media using double-barreled potassium-sensitive electrodes. It was found that the initial exposure to noise at 115 dBA produced considerable suppression of the CM and AP, while the EP and [Kendo+] were elevated above their normal values. When animals previously treated with kanamycin were subjected to the same level of noise exposure no systematic increase in either EP ro [Kendo+] was observed. After prolonged exposure to 380 Hz octave-band noise at 125 dB SPL, a slow decline of EP and [Kendo+] was observed. The relationships between the changes in EP, [Kendo+] and CM are discussed.
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Ward WD. Effects of Noise Exposure on Auditory Sensitivity. Compr Physiol 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp090101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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