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Moritzer E, Flachmann F. Morphological and mechanical properties of foamed thick-walled Wood-Plastic-Composite structures. J CELL PLAST 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x231161175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Microcellular wood fiber reinforced polymers offer the possibility to reduce the use of fossil raw materials. In particular, thick-walled structures with thicknesses greater than 6 mm offer a high potential for weight savings. This study investigates the cell structures and mechanical properties of injection-molded test specimens. The influence of different thicknesses (6–10 mm) along with different chemical blowing agents (endothermic, exothermic) with varying dosages (0–2 wt%) is analyzed. The investigations reveal that exothermic chemical blowing agents form finer cells consistently to thin-walled structures than endothermic ones. Higher foaming agent content leads to higher pore fractions, with many small cells coalescing into a large open-pore cell network. The mechanical properties depend mainly on the pore content of the sample. The specific tensile properties deteriorate with the use of chemical blowing agents (CFA), whereas the sandwich structure produced with compact edge layers has a positive influence on the specific flexural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Moritzer
- Kunststofftechnik Paderborn, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Felix Flachmann
- Kunststofftechnik Paderborn, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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Effects of silylated starch structure on hydrophobization and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch foams made from potato starch. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Guo G. Density reduction behaviors and cell morphology in extrusion of LLDPE/wood fiber composites with physical and chemical blowing agents. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangjian Guo
- Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering & TechnologyBradley University Illinois 61625
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Development of biodegradable starch-based foams incorporated with grape stalks for food packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yeh SK, Yang SH, Han L, Liu HY, Liao YS, Chang YC. Foam extrusion of polypropylene–rice husk composites using CO2 as the blowing agent. J CELL PLAST 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x19839744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kai Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ssu-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Long Han
- Huntsman LLC, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Hung-Yun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Syun Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Chang
- Miniwiz Sustainable Energy Development Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Effects of hydrophobized starches on thermoplastic starch foams made from potato starch. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hoffmann C, Lang M, Heidemeyer P, Bastian M, Fischer K, Sonntag M. Foam extrusion of PP-based wood plastic composites with chemical blowing agents and the Celuka technique. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x16670578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wood plastic composites have gained relevance in recent years as an alternative to wood boards. However, because the cavities in wood fibres are compressed by high processing pressure during the extrusion of wood plastic composites, the product densities show a range of up to 1.5 g/cm3 depending on wood content and base material. Particularly in large-sized products, this may be disadvantageous for processors and end users. Foaming of the plastic matrix is a promising approach to reduce the density of wood plastic composites products. This article discusses the foam extrusion of PP-based wood plastic composites with chemical blowing agents in combination with the Celuka technique. Integral wood plastic composites foam with a rigid and plain outer layer was produced using a parallel, counter rotating twin screw extruder. The profiles obtained were analysed with respect to foam structure and mechanical properties. It was possible to achieve a density reduction of up to 0.7 g/cm3 in the foamed wood plastic composites profiles. Furthermore, we demonstrate that wood fibre length and type of chemical blowing agent have a strong effect on the resulting foam morphology.
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Luan L, Wu W, Wagner MH, Mueller M. Seaweed as novel biofiller in polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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