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Kanthaswamy S. Review: Wildlife forensic genetics-Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges. Anim Genet 2024; 55:177-192. [PMID: 38123142 DOI: 10.1111/age.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife-related crimes are the second most prevalent lawbreaking offense globally. This illicit trade encompasses hunting, breeding and trafficking. Besides diminishing many species and their habitats and ecosystems, hindering the economic development of local communities that depend on them, undermining the rule of law and financing terrorism, various cross-species transmissions (zoonoses) of pathogens, including COVID-19, can be attributed to wildlife crimes. Wildlife forensics applies interdisciplinary scientific analyses to support law enforcement in investigating wildlife crimes. Its main objectives are to identify the taxonomic species in question, determine if a crime has been committed, link a suspect to the crime and support the conviction and prosecution of the perpetrator. This article reviews wildlife crime and its implications, wildlife forensic science investigation, common forms of wildlife biological evidence, including DNA, wildlife DNA techniques and challenges in wildlife forensic genetics. The article also reviews the contributions of genetic markers such as short tandem repeat (STR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, which provide the probative genetic data representing the bulk of DNA evidence for solving wildlife crime. This review provides an overview of wildlife DNA databases, which are critical for searching and matching forensic DNA profiles and sequences and establishing how frequent forensic DNA profiles and sequences are in a particular population or geographic region. As such, this review will contain an in-depth analysis of the current status of wildlife forensic genetics, and it will be of general interest to wildlife and conservation biologists, law enforcement officers, and academics interested in combating crimes against wildlife using animal forensic DNA methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Kanthaswamy
- School of Interdisciplinary Forensics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Sessa F, Salerno M. Special Issue "Molecular Biology in Forensic Science: Past, Present and Future". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2883. [PMID: 38474130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular biology has always represented an enviable tool in the fields of biosciences, diagnostics, and forensic sciences [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
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3
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Radojevic DN, Todorovic MS, Vitosevic KM, Canovic V, Pavicevic M, Slovic ZS, Andric IM, Matic S, Todorovic DV. The changes in tissue histomorphology and quality of DNA in healthy human autopsied tissues stored at -20 °C and -150 °C. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 67:102396. [PMID: 38237382 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the changes in tissue histomorphology and DNA quality in six different healthy tissues (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney) exempted during autopsy of healthy individuals and storage at -20 °C and -150 °C three month. Tissue samples were obtained, divided by tissue and temperature group, and for each sample, tissue histomorphology and DNA (isolated from all tissues in duplicated - 72 samples of DNA) quality were analysed. Morphology of tissue samples was studied using H&E staining. DNA was isolated using the phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method. To assess the concentration and purity of the DNA samples, we used a spectrophotometer to measure absorbance at wavelengths of 280 nm and 260 nm. The fragments of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene were amplified from the DNA using PCR reaction and then visualised using the 2 % agarose gel. Samples stored at -150 °C sustained the highest degree of histomorphological damage, while samples stored at -20 °C were less degraded, compared to control. The liver samples stored at -20 °C had a mean DNA concentration (1030.4 ± 51.5 ng/μl) higher than the samples of liver tissue stored at -150 °C (497.4 ± 167.1 ng/μl) (p < 0.001). Other tissues did not have statistically significantly different DNA concentration at both temperatures. Liver samples at -20 °C had degraded DNA, showed as the absence of hTERT gene in most of samples. Other tissue samples in both temperature groups had unfragmented DNA. Storing tissue samples at -20 °C is not inferior in terms of DNA yield and integrity, and possibly superior for tissue histomorphology, comparing with samples stored at -150⁰C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan N Radojevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics
| | - Milos S Todorovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic medicine; University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Katarina M Vitosevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic medicine; University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vanja Canovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic medicine; University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Pavicevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Science and Mathematics
| | - Zivana S Slovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic medicine; University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana M Andric
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic medicine
| | - Stevan Matic
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela V Todorovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics
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Kaňuková Š, Ondreičková K, Mihálik D, Kraic J. New Set of EST-STR Markers for Discrimination of Related Papaver somniferum L. Varieties. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 38255686 PMCID: PMC10820365 DOI: 10.3390/life14010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Papaver somniferum L. is cultivated for its edible seeds and for the production of alkaloids. A serious problem in seed trade and processing is the intentional mixing of excellent food-quality seeds with non-food-grade-quality seeds. Tracking the correct or illegitimate handling of seeds requires an efficient method for discrimination and individualization of poppy varieties. As in human and animal forensics, DNA variable regions containing short tandem repeats (STRs) located either in non-coding DNA or in gene sequences (EST-STRs) are preferred markers for discrimination between genotypes. Primers designed for 10 poppy EST-STR loci not analyzed so far were tested for their discriminatory ability on a set of 23 related P. somniferum L. genotypes. Thirty-three EST-STR alleles were identified together. Their polymorphic information content (PIC) values were in the range of 0.175-0.649. The PI value varied in the range of 0.140-0.669, and the cumulative PI was 1.2 × 10-5. PIsibs values varied between 0.436 and 0.820 and the cumulative value was lower (5.0 × 10-3). All analyzed genotypes were distinguished mutually, each with its own unique EST-STR profile. These newly developed EST-STR markers more effectively discriminated P. somniferum L. genotypes, even those genotypes whose DNA profiles were previously identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šarlota Kaňuková
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavska cesta 122, 92168 Piestany, Slovakia; (Š.K.); (K.O.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Namestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Ondreičková
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavska cesta 122, 92168 Piestany, Slovakia; (Š.K.); (K.O.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniel Mihálik
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavska cesta 122, 92168 Piestany, Slovakia; (Š.K.); (K.O.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Namestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kraic
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavska cesta 122, 92168 Piestany, Slovakia; (Š.K.); (K.O.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Namestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia
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Cardinali I, Tancredi D, Lancioni H. The Revolution of Animal Genomics in Forensic Sciences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108821. [PMID: 37240167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the coexistence between humans and domestic animals (especially dogs and cats) has become a common scenario of daily life. Consequently, during a forensic investigation in civil or criminal cases, the biological material from a domestic animal could be considered "evidence" by law enforcement agencies. Animal genomics offers an important contribution in attacks and episodes of property destruction or in a crime scene where the non-human biological material is linked to the victim or perpetrator. However, only a few animal genetics laboratories in the world are able to carry out a valid forensic analysis, adhering to standards and guidelines that ensure the admissibility of data before a court of law. Today, forensic sciences focus on animal genetics considering all domestic species through the analysis of STRs (short tandem repeats) and autosomal and mitochondrial DNA SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). However, the application of these molecular markers to wildlife seems to have gradually gained a strong relevance, aiming to tackle illegal traffic, avoid the loss of biodiversity, and protect endangered species. The development of third-generation sequencing technologies has glimmered new possibilities by bringing "the laboratory into the field", with a reduction of both the enormous cost management of samples and the degradation of the biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cardinali
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico Tancredi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Pereira R, Anjos I, Reis J, Dias C, Leitão J. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Identified Species-Specific SSR and SNP Markers, Allow the Unequivocal Identification of Strawberry Tree ( Arbutus unedo L.) Germplasm Accessions and Contribute to Assess Their Genetic Relationships. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1517. [PMID: 37050143 PMCID: PMC10096993 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.), an evergreen bush to small tree of the Ericaceae family, is a main component of the natural flora of the Mediterranean basin that also grows profusely through the Iberian Peninsula, southwestern France, and Ireland. The small edible red fruits are usually used to produce preserves, jams, and liquors, as the Portuguese "aguardente de medronho". The leaves and fruits have been used for a long time in traditional medicine, and their bioactive compounds are presently the subject of intense research. A strawberry tree germplasm collection was recently established by the company Corte Velada (Odiáxere, Portugal). A set of 50 germplasm accessions was selected for a breeding program. A next-generation sequencing project was performed, resulting in the establishment of the first strawberry tree genome assembly and further identification of 500 SSR and 500 SNP loci. Individual molecular fingerprints for the unequivocal identification of the selected 50 accessions were established based on 71 markers alleles amplified by 4 SSR and 9 SNP markers. The same species-specific markers alleles combined with 61 random amplified markers amplified by 5 RAPD and 5 ISSR primers were used to assess the genetic variability and genetic relationships among the selected accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pereira
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (R.P.); (I.A.); (J.R.); (C.D.)
| | - Isabela Anjos
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (R.P.); (I.A.); (J.R.); (C.D.)
- Post-Graduation in Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Rede Pró-Centro Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres 78200-000, Brazil
| | - João Reis
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (R.P.); (I.A.); (J.R.); (C.D.)
| | - Carolina Dias
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (R.P.); (I.A.); (J.R.); (C.D.)
| | - José Leitão
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (R.P.); (I.A.); (J.R.); (C.D.)
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7
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Melo G, Uscanga K, Mauro LA, David AV, Pablo HR, Héctor RV, Aquino P, Meza, Jiménez C, Denis P, Nayali LB. Use of Investigator 24plex GO! to analyse allele frequencies of 21 autosomal STRs in the population of Veracruz state, Mexico. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:164-169. [PMID: 35380906 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2062050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMexican population databases for autosomal STRs are scarce, and no previous studies have been performed with the Qiagen Investigator 24plex GO! Aim: To analyse the frequency of 21 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci and forensic parameters in individuals from Veracruz state, Mexico. Subjects and methods: A total of 234 unrelated individuals were analysed with the Investigator 24plex GO! Kit, which includes the following autosomal STRs: TH01, D3S1358, vWA, D21S11, TPOX, D1S1656, D12S391, SE33, D10S1248, D22S1045, D19S433, D8S133879, D2S1338, D2S441, D18S51, FGA, D16S539, CSF1PO, D13S317, D5S818, and D7S820. Allele frequencies, forensic parameters, and relationships with neighbouring Mexican populations were estimated. Results: The STRs analysed were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The combined matching probability and combined PE were 1.5266 E-24 and 0.999999988711, respectively. The D18S51 and SE33 loci presented the highest Ho (0.8974 and 0.8932) and PE (0.7902 and 0.7815), respectively. The highest PIC (0.9337) and PD (0.9894) values corresponded to SE33. Conversely, D22S1045 had the lowest PIC and PE (0.5533 y 0.3546, respectively). A population cluster among southern Mexican populations, which included non-differentiation between Guerrero and Veracruz states was detected. Conclusion: The forensic efficacy of the 21 STRs analysed by the Investigator 24plex GO! Kit was evaluated in the Veracruz state. Moreover, new population clusters that have not been yet been described and are related to geographic regions were identified, and these are in agreement with previously reported ancestral differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Melo
- UV-GC-212 "Ciencias Forenses" Instituto de Medicina Forense, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, México
| | - Keren Uscanga
- Maestría en Medicina Forense, Instituto de Medicina Forense, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, México
| | - López-Armenta Mauro
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Servicios Periciales y Ciencias Forenses del Poder Judicial de la CDMX, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Avilés-Villada David
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernández-Romano Pablo
- Centro Estatal de la Transfusión Sanguínea del Estado de Veracruz, Veracruz, México.,Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Rangel-Villalobos Héctor
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), Ocotlán, Jalisco, México
| | - P Aquino
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Meza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- UV-GC-212 "Ciencias Forenses" Instituto de Medicina Forense, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, México
| | - Patricia Denis
- UV-GC-212 "Ciencias Forenses" Instituto de Medicina Forense, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, México
| | - López-Balderas Nayali
- UV-GC-212 "Ciencias Forenses" Instituto de Medicina Forense, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, México
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8
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Wang S, Song F, Gu H, Wei X, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Luo H. Comparative Evaluation of the Salivary and Buccal Mucosal Microbiota by 16S rRNA Sequencing for Forensic Investigations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:777882. [PMID: 35369525 PMCID: PMC8971900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.777882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has emerged as a new potential biomarker for forensic investigations with the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis during the last decade. The oral cavity has many different microbial habitats, with each habit colonized by specific and individualized microbiota. As saliva and buccal mucosa are common biological evidence in forensic science, understanding the differences of microbial communities between the two is important for forensic original identification. Moreover, the oral microbiota is individualized, whereas there are few studies on the application of forensic personal identification that need to be supplemented. In this study, Streptococcus was the most abundant genus, with an average relative abundance of 49.61% in the buccal mucosa, while in the saliva, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Neisseria had similar proportions (20%, 15%, 16%) and were the dominant genera. The α and β diversity displayed a significant distinctness between the saliva and buccal mucosal groups. The community assembly mechanism stated that the deterministic process played a more significant effect in shaping the salivary bacterial community assembly than buccal mucosa, which explained the microbial differences. Of the test samples, 93.3% can be correctly classified with the random forest model based on the microbial differences. Targeting the low-abundance bacteria at the species level, 52% of experimental participants could be discriminated by using the observed unique bacterial species. In conclusion, the salivary bacterial community composition differed from that of the buccal mucosa and showed high richness and diversity. With the random forest model, the microbiota of saliva and buccal mucosa can be classified, which can be used in identifying the source of oral biological trace. Furthermore, each individual has a unique bacterial community pattern, and the presence or absence of unique bacteria and differences in the composition of the core oral microbiota are the key points for forensic personal discrimination that supplement the study of oral microbial application to forensic personal discrimination. Whether for original identification or personal discrimination, the oral microbiome has great potential for application.
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Fu J, Fu S, Yin S, Cheng J, Liu X, Jin Z, He T, Fu J. Technical note: multi-alleles at the DYS385ab locus with high frequency in a Han Chinese population from southwestern China. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1737-1741. [PMID: 33844081 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers have been widely used in forensic applications and usually show monoallelic or diallelic genotypic patterns at certain double-copied loci. In this study, we have found 13 samples among 703 males with multi-alleles at the DYS385ab locus, including one with five mutant alleles, nine with four, and three with three. The frequency of abnormal DYS385ab genotypes was 1.85% (13/703), which is very high in the Han Chinese population. The percentage of samples with diallelic patterns at DYS385ab was higher than that of monoallelic patterns (80.23% vs. 17.92%). Additionally, the percentage of samples with tetra-allelic patterns at DYS385ab was higher than that of tri-allelic patterns (1.28% vs. 0.43%), suggesting that there are possibly two copies with duplicated events happening frequently on the Y chromosome. Interestingly, the peak height of allele 13 was two to three-folds higher than that of other alleles. The allele 18 peak height was also two-fold higher than others, which could potentially be explained by a duplication event mechanism. We also found that tri-allelic genotypes for alleles 13, 17, and 20, tetra-allelic genotypes for alleles 13, 14, 19, and 20, and tetra-allelic genotypes for alleles 12, 13, 19 and 21 were more common than others. Furthermore, all 13 samples had multi-alleles containing allele 13, implying a founder effect in this particular Chinese-specific ethnic group. Taken together, this study provides new information for this population and will be useful for paternal lineage identification, kinship analysis, and family relationship reconstruction using Y-STR forensic DNA analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Fu
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangyi Fu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shiqiang Yin
- Judicial Authentication Institute, Luzhou Public Security Bureau, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeming Jin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tao He
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Paul RS, Almokayad I, Collins A, Raj D, Jagadeesan M. Donor-derived Cell-free DNA: Advancing a Novel Assay to New Heights in Renal Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e664. [PMID: 33564715 PMCID: PMC7862009 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in transplant immunosuppression, long-term renal allograft outcomes remain suboptimal because of the occurrence of rejection, recurrent disease, and interstitial fibrosis with tubular atrophy. This is largely due to limitations in our understanding of allogeneic processes coupled with inadequate surveillance strategies. The concept of donor-derived cell-free DNA as a signal of allograft stress has therefore rapidly been adopted as a noninvasive monitoring tool. Refining it for effective clinical use, however, remains an ongoing effort. Furthermore, its potential to unravel new insights in alloimmunity through novel molecular techniques is yet to be realized. This review herein summarizes current knowledge and active endeavors to optimize cell-free DNA-based diagnostic techniques for clinical use in kidney transplantation. In addition, the integration of DNA methylation and microRNA may unveil new epigenetic signatures of allograft health and is also explored in this report. Directing research initiatives toward these aspirations will not only improve diagnostic precision but may foster new paradigms in transplant immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S. Paul
- Division of Kidney Disease & Hypertension, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Ismail Almokayad
- Division of Kidney Disease & Hypertension, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Ashte Collins
- Division of Kidney Disease & Hypertension, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Dominic Raj
- Division of Kidney Disease & Hypertension, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Hakim HM, Khan HO, Ismail SA, Lazim NHM, Lalung J, Kofi AE, Chambers GK, Edinur HA. Assessment of QIAGEN™ Investigator® 24plex GO! kit workflow for autosomal STR profiling of forensic reference samples. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-020-00203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
DNA profiling has proven to be a valuable technique for identification of individuals in crime. Currently, the technique targets several short tandem repeat (STR) regions in human genome. However, increasing number of samples submitted for STR analysis may lead to delays due to the limited number of experienced analysts who might be available at any given moment and the time taken to complete lengthy DNA profiling procedures. This study was conducted to test the specificity, repeatability, reproducibility and robustness of Investigator® 24plex GO! kit for genotyping of reference samples submitted to the Royal Malaysian Police Forensic DNA Laboratory for DNA database.
Material and methods
In this study, Investigator® 24plex GO! kit was used to directly amplify STR loci from buccal swab cell of reference samples that had previously been STR typed using GlobalFiler™ Express kit. Capillary electrophoresis was carried out on a 3500xL Genetic Analyser using POP-4® Polymer. Amplified products were assigned to particular STR alleles using the GeneMapper ID-X version 1.4 software.
Results
Our study shows that STR profiles generated using Investigator® 24plex GO! gave concordance results with those previously obtained using the GlobalFiler™ Express kit. In addition, quality sensors included in the kit are of particular importance for determining the effectiveness of the PCR reaction and help to indicate the nature and quantity of DNA template for PCR amplification.
Conclusion
The Investigator® 24plex GO! kit is reliable for STR typing of reference samples.
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Fu J, Cheng J, Wei C, Khan MA, Jin Z, Fu J. Assessing 23 Y-STR loci mutation rates in Chinese Han father-son pairs from southwestern China. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7755-7760. [PMID: 32989501 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed 23 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) (DYS576, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS448, DYS19, DYS391, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS438, DYS437, DYS570, DYS635, DYS390, DYS439, DYS392, DYS643, DYS393, DYS458, DYS460, DYS385ab, DYS456 and Y-GATA-H4) in 175 father-son sample pairs using a Microreader™ 24Y Direct ID system. Sixteen repeat mutations of father-son pairs at 10 loci, including three mutations at DYS570, 2 mutations at DYS549, DYS460, DYS458, and DYS576, and 1 mutation at other five loci, were revealed. Furthermore, all of the observed repeat mutations were single repeat changes with 5 (31.25%) repeat insertions and 11 (68.75%) repeat deletions. The deletion rate is more than two fold higher than of insertions (11:5 = 2.2-fold). Locus-specific mutation rates estimated varied between 5.71 × 10-3 (CI from 0.1 × 10-3 to 31.4 × 10-3) and 1.71 × 10-2 (CI from 3.6 × 10-3 to 49.3 × 10-3) for the 23 Y-STRs. An average mutation rate across all 23 Y-STR markers was estimated as 3.97 × 10-3 (CI 2.3 × 10-3 to 6.4 × 10-3). Thus, locus-specific mutation rates in DYS460, DYS458, and DYS438, estimated are much higher than previously published comprehensive data, but an average mutation rate across all 23 Y-STR markers is similar to previous reports (3.97 × 10-3 vs 4.34 × 10-3). These results by characterizing Y-STR mutations will not only provided new information for Y-STR mutations but also might be important for paternal lineage identification, kinship analysis, and family relationship reconstruction in our forensic Y-STR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Fu
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeming Jin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Laboratory of Forensic DNA, the Judicial Authentication Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Wang S, Song F, Xie M, Zhang K, Xie B, Huang Z, Luo H. Evaluation of a six-dye multiplex composed of 27 markers for forensic analysis and databasing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1419. [PMID: 32677357 PMCID: PMC7507347 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short tandem repeat (STR) markers play a significant role in genetic applications and have proved to be effective for the personal identification in forensic medicine. In this study, a six-dye multiplex composed of 23 autosomal STR loci (TH01, D3S1358, Penta D, D6S1043, D21S11, TPOX, D1S1656, D12S391, Penta E, D10S1248, D22S1045, D19S433, D8S1179, D2S1338, D2S441, D18S51, vWA, FGA, D16S539, CSF1PO, D13S317, D5S818, D7S820), one Y chromosome STR (DYS391), two internal quality control markers (Quality Sensor QS1 and QS2), and Amelogenin was evaluated. METHODS Evaluation studies, including PCR-based studies, sensitivity studies, species specificity studies, stability studies, DNA mixture studies, concordance studies, and precision evaluations were performed according to the guidelines of "Validation Guidelines for Forensic DNA Analysis Methods (2016)" by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). In addition, the forensic characteristics of 357 unrelated male samples from Han and Hui populations in China were investigated using 27 markers. RESULTS Full STR profiles were obtained from different reaction volumes (5 ~ 25 μl), cycle numbers (28 ~ 34 cycles) and annealing temperatures (58 ~ 62°C). All STR profiles were obtained at humic acid concentration of up to 200 ng/μl and hematin concentration of up to 500 μM. No peaks were observed in most common animal samples except two innovative internal PCR controls (Quality Sensor QS1 and QS2). The six-dye multiplex showed a notably high value for the combined probability of exclusion (CPE), exhibiting values of with 0.99999999977688 in the Han population and 0.999999999583875 in the Hui population. The values of combined probability of discrimination (CPD) were 0.999999999999999999999999999997453 in the Han population and 0. 999999999999999999999999999994398 in the Hui population. In addition, concordance studies showed that there was no difference with the AGCU Express Marker 22 Kit. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the Investigator® 26plex QS Kit is a robust, reliable, and suitable tool for forensic analysis and databasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Forensic GeneticsWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feng Song
- Department of Forensic GeneticsWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingkun Xie
- Department of ObstetricsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Forensic GeneticsWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bowen Xie
- Department of Forensic GeneticsWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhanglong Huang
- Department of Criminal Investigation Bureau of Sichuan Provincial Public SecurityChengduChina
| | - Haibo Luo
- Department of Forensic GeneticsWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education, Criminal Science and Technology LaboratorySichuan Police CollegeLuzhouChina
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Lai FY, Chang YY, Chen YC, Lin EC, Liu HC, Huang JF, Ding ST, Wang PH. Monitoring of genetically close Tsaiya duck populations using novel microsatellite markers with high polymorphism. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:888-901. [PMID: 31480142 PMCID: PMC7206370 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism from Tsaiya duck were used for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of Brown and White Tsaiya duck populations in Taiwan. METHODS The synthetic short tandem repeated probes were used to isolate new microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of Tsaiya ducks. Eight populations, a total of 566 samples, sourced from Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute were genotyped through novel and known markers. The population genetic variables were calculated using optional programs in order to describe and monitor the genetic variability and the genetic structures of these Tsaiya duck populations. RESULTS In total 24 primer pairs, including 17 novel microsatellite loci from this study and seven previously known loci, were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in duck populations. The average values for the allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.29, 5.370, 0.591, 0.746, and 0.708, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting Brown Tsaiya duck cluster and a spreading White Tsaiya duck cluster. The Brown Tsaiya ducks and the White Tsaiya ducks with Pekin ducks were just split to six clusters and three clusters when K was set equal to 6 and 3 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The individual phylogenetic tree revealed eight taxa, and each individual was assigned to its own population. CONCLUSION According to our study, the 24 novel microsatellite markers exhibited a high capacity to analyze relationships of inter- and intra-population in those populations with a relatively limited degree of genetic diversity. We suggest that duck farms in Taiwan could use the new (novel) microsatellite set to monitor the genetic characteristics and structures of their Tsaiya duck populations at various intervals in order to ensure quality breeding and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Lai
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chang
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Ilan County 26846,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704,
Taiwan
| | - En-Chung Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672,
Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chou Liu
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Ilan County 26846,
Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fang Huang
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan 71246,
Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672,
Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hwa Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672,
Taiwan
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Grela M, Kowalczyk M, Gryzinska M, Listos P, Zawadzka E, Mazurkiewicz I, Jakubczak A. Development of an STR panel for individual identification and determination of the degree of relationship between American mink (Neovison Vison). AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1661514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Grela
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczyk
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gryzinska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Listos
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zawadzka
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Mazurkiewicz
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczak
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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