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Kok JML, Dowd GC, Cabral JD, Wise LM. Macrocystis pyrifera Lipids Reduce Cytokine-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Signalling and Barrier Dysfunction in Human Keratinocyte Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16383. [PMID: 38003573 PMCID: PMC10671590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition where epidermal barrier dysfunction and cytokine production by infiltrating immune cells exacerbate skin inflammation and damage. A total lipid extract from Macrocystis pyrifera, a brown seaweed, was previously reported to suppress inflammatory responses in monocytes. Here, treatment of human HaCaT keratinocytes with M. pyrifera lipids inhibited tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 protein production. HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 showed loss of claudin-1 tight junctions, but little improvement was observed following lipid pre-treatment. Three-dimensional cultures of HaCaT cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface showed increased MCP-1 production, loss of claudin-1 tight junctions, and trans-epidermal leakage with TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13 stimulation, with all parameters reduced by lipid pre-treatment. These findings suggest that M. pyrifera lipids have anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective effects on keratinocytes, which may be beneficial for the treatment of atopic dermatitis or other skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. L. Kok
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Georgina C. Dowd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson 7043, New Zealand;
| | - Jaydee D. Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Lyn M. Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
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2
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Wang Y, Liu K, Long T, Long J, Li Y, Li J, Cheng L. Dietary fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6235-6251. [PMID: 35068276 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2029826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been suggested to play a role in improving cancer prognosis. However, results from epidemiological studies remain inconsistent. Here we assess the association between dietary fish and/or omega-3 PUFAs intake and cancer prognosis with meta-analysis of observational studies. A systematic search of related publications was performed using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and then pooled using a random-effect model. Potential linear and non-linear dose-response relationships were explored using generalized least squares estimation and restricted cubic splines. As a result, 21 cohort studies were included in our analysis. Compared to the lowest category, the highest category of fish intake was associated with a significant lower mortality in patients with ovarian cancer (n = 1, HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57-0.95) and overall cancer (n = 12, HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.94). Marine omega-3 PUFAs intake rather than total omega-3 PUFAs intake showed significant protective effects on survival of overall cancer (n = 8, HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.94), in particular prostate cancer (n = 2, HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.46-0.82). Dose-response meta-analysis indicated a nonlinear and a linear relationship between fish intake, as well as marine omega-3 PUFAs intake, and overall cancer survival, respectively. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrated a protective effect of dietary fish and marine omega-3 PUFAs consumption on cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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Torrinhas RS, Calder PC, Waitzberg DL. Response to Bistrian BR. Parenteral Fish-Oil Emulsions in Critically Ill COVID-19 Emulsions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 44:1169-1170. [PMID: 32463483 PMCID: PMC7283760 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this letter we discuss the proposition of Bristian BR (2020) to use the intravenous administration of fish‐oil emulsions in critically ill patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We consider that immune‐modulatory properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, rapidly provided in high amounts by fish‐oil emulsions, may be important to change the course of COVID‐19's death pathway. Prescriptions should be based on body weight (eg, 0.2‐g pure fish‐oil lipid emulsion/kg body weight/d) and also should consider combining the parenteral administration of fish‐oil emulsions with low oral aspirin intake to trigger resolvin synthesis from EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Torrinhas
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery (LIM-35), Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan L Waitzberg
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery (LIM-35), Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang J, Tao N, Zhao Y, Wang X, Wang M. Comparison of the Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Profiles of Big Eye Tuna ( Thunnus obesus), Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) and Bighead Carp ( Aristichthysnobilis) Heads. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213983. [PMID: 31689924 PMCID: PMC6864674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) are three representative marine and fresh water fishes. In this study, the content of total lipids (TL), triglyceride (TG) fraction, and the fatty acid profiles in the corresponding fish heads were analyzed. Meanwhile, their complicated TG molecular species were further characterized. The results showed that TG was the major lipid in these three fish heads (60.58–86.69%). Compared with other two fish heads, big eye tuna head was the most abundant in polyunsaturated fatty acids, among which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accounted for 64.29% and 32.77% in the TL and TG fraction, respectively. It is also worth noting that EPA+DHA/total fatty acid (TFA) value of TL and TG fraction from bighead carp head showed no significant difference with Atlantic salmon head, a typical marine fish. There were 146 TG molecules detected in big eye tuna head, 90 in Atlantic salmon and 87 in bighead carp heads. DHA or EPA accounted for 56.12%, 22.88%, and 5.46% of the total TG molecules in these three fish heads, respectively. According to principal component analysis, orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis and the constructed heat map, the three samples could be completely differentiated based on their TG molecule fingerprints. This study is the first to compare marine and fresh water fish from the perspective of their heads’ fatty acid and TG molecule profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Ningping Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xichang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Food and Nutritional Science Program, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Pereira FEXG, Medeiros FDC, Rocha HAL, Silva KSD. Effects of omega-6/3 and omega-9/6 nutraceuticals on pain and fertility in peritoneal endometriosis in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900405. [PMID: 31066787 PMCID: PMC6583929 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190040000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the nutraceuticals omega-6/3 and omega-9/6 on endometriosis-associated infertility and pain. Methods: Controlled experimental study, with each group composed of eight female rats. Fertility groups: sham-operated control (0.9% saline solution); control with endometriosis (0.9% saline); omega-6/3 (1.2 g/kg/day); omega-9/6 (1.2 g/kg/day); and meloxicam (0.8 mg/kg/day). Pain groups: sham-operated control (0.9% saline); control with endometriosis (0.9% saline); omega-6/3 (1.2 g/kg/day); omega-9/6 (1.2 g/kg/day); medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/kg/every 3 days); and meloxicam (0.8 mg/kg/day). Peritoneal endometriosis was surgically induced. Pain was evaluated with the writhing test. Fertility was evaluated by counting the number of embryos in the left hemi-uterus. Results: The mean number of writhings was as follows: sham-operated, 11.1 ± 2.9; control with endometriosis, 49.3 ± 4.4; omega-6/3, 31.5 ± 2.7; omega-9/6, 34.1 ± 4.5; medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.1 ± 0.8; meloxicam, 1 ± 0.3. There was a significant difference between both controls and all drugs used for treatment. Regarding fertility, the mean values were as follows: sham-operated, 6.8 ± 0.6; control with endometriosis, 4.2 ± 0.7; omega-6/3, 4.7 ± 1; omega-9/6, 3.8 ± 0.9; and meloxicam, 1.8 ± 0.9. Conclusions: The omega-6/3 and omega-9/6 nutraceuticals decreased pain compared to the controls. There was no improvement in fertility in any of the tested groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Edson Ximenes Gomes Pereira
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Medical and Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-Ce, Brazil. Conception of the study, technical procedures, acquisition of the data, manuscript writing
| | - Francisco das Chagas Medeiros
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maternal and Child Health, UFC, Fortaleza-Ce, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; critical revision; final approval
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Bazhan D, Khaniani MS. Supplementation with omega fatty acids increases the mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:1176-1183. [PMID: 30603139 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many lines of evidence suggest that arachidonic acid (AA)-based eicosanoid signaling pathway involved in development and progression of human cancers. Cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2α) encoded by the PLA2G4A gene acts as an upstream regulator of eicosanoid signaling pathway through providing intracellular AA. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of omega fatty acids on mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and to assess the possible relation between its expression and clinicopathological features. Methods According to treatment strategy, 34 chemotherapy-naive patients were randomly divided into two groups including, treatment group I (17 subjects received cisplatin alone) and treatment group II (17 individuals received cisplatin plus omega fatty acids) in a double-blind manner. The gastric biopsies specimens were taken from subjects before and after treatment and then mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR procedure. Results The expression of the PLA2G4A gene at the protein level in the gastric biopsies samples was also determined by immunohistochemistry. Our findings revealed a significantly up-regulated expression of PLA2G4A mRNA in treatment group II after receiving cisplatin plus omega fatty acid compared to before treatment (P=0.003). In treatment group I, there was no significant difference in mRNA expression levels of PLA2G4A before and after treatment (P=0.790). We also found that mRNA expression of PLA2G4A in treatment group II was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.007) and familial history (P=0.006). Conclusions This study provides evidence that supplementation with omega fatty acids increases the mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with GC and may be crucial in guarding the cell from transformation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Bazhan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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de Oliveira MR, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Jardim FR. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mitochondria, back to the future. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Du J, Zhu M, Bao H, Li B, Dong Y, Xiao C, Zhang GY, Henter I, Rudorfer M, Vitiello B. The Role of Nutrients in Protecting Mitochondrial Function and Neurotransmitter Signaling: Implications for the Treatment of Depression, PTSD, and Suicidal Behaviors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2560-2578. [PMID: 25365455 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.876960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have linked severe stress to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that in rodents, chronic stress and the stress hormone cortisol cause oxidative damage to mitochondrial function and membrane lipids in the brain. Mitochondria play a key role in synaptic neurotransmitter signaling by providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mediating lipid and protein synthesis, buffering intracellular calcium, and regulating apoptotic and resilience pathways. Membrane lipids are similarly essential to central nervous system (CNS) function because cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and sphingolipids form a lipid raft region, a special lipid region on the membrane that mediates neurotransmitter signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channels. Low serum cholesterol levels, low antioxidant capacity, and abnormal early morning cortisol levels are biomarkers consistently associated with both depression and suicidal behaviors. In this review, we summarize the manner in which nutrients can protect against oxidative damage to mitochondria and lipids in the neuronal circuits associated with cognitive and affective behaviors. These nutrients include ω3 fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamin C and zinc), members of the vitamin B family (Vitamin B12 and folic acid), and magnesium. Accumulating data have shown that these nutrients can enhance neurocognitive function, and may have therapeutic benefits for depression and suicidal behaviors. A growing body of studies suggests the intriguing possibility that regular consumption of these nutrients may help prevent the onset of mood disorders and suicidal behaviors in vulnerable individuals, or significantly augment the therapeutic effect of available antidepressants. These findings have important implications for the health of both military and civilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,c Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Ming Zhu
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Hongkun Bao
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Bai Li
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Yilong Dong
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Grace Y Zhang
- c Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Ioline Henter
- d Molecular Imaging Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Matthew Rudorfer
- b Division of Service and Intervention Research, NIMH, NIH , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- b Division of Service and Intervention Research, NIMH, NIH , Rockville , Maryland , USA
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Ritchie SA, Jayasinge D, Wang L, Goodenowe DB. Improved specificity of serum phosphatidylcholine detection based on side-chain losses during negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7811-7823. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yum HW, Na HK, Surh YJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid: Implications for its cancer chemopreventive potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:141-159. [PMID: 27546289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implication of inflammatory tissue damage in pathophysiology of human cancer as well as some metabolic disorders has been under intense investigation. Numerous studies have identified a series of critical signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli. These include nuclear factor κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. The proper regulation of these transcription factors mediating pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling hence provides an important strategy for the chemoprevention of inflammation-associated cancer. There is compelling evidence supporting that dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates symptomatic inflammation associated with cancer as well as other divergent human disorders. Acute or physiologic inflammation is an essential body's first line of defence to microbial infection and tissue injuries, but it must be properly completed by a process termed 'resolution'. Failure of resolution mechanisms can result in persistence of inflammation, leading to chronic inflammatory conditions and related malignancies. The phagocytic engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils and clearance of their potentially histotoxic contents by macrophages, called efferocytosis is an essential component in resolving inflammation. Of note, DHA is a precursor of endogenous proresolving lipid mediators which regulate the leukocyte trafficking and recruitment and thereby facilitate efferocytosis. Therefore, DHA and its metabolites may have a preventive potential in the management of human cancer which arises as a consequence of impaired resolution of inflammation as well as chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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Schumann J. Does plasma membrane lipid composition impact the miRNA-mediated regulation of vascular inflammation? Med Hypotheses 2016; 88:57-9. [PMID: 26880639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both PUFA and miRNAs are believed to be of importance in vascular diseases. On the one hand diverse nutrition societies recommend PUFA consumption to dampen inflammatory processes. On the other hand scientists intensify efforts to use miRNAs for diagnostics or therapy in context of vascular disorders. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS There might be is a causal link between the plasma membrane lipid composition and the miRNA expression of monocytes and endothelial cells. PUFA enrichment of cells may affect the type and the amount of particular miRNAs produced. In this way dietary fatty acids are supposed to impact the miRNA-mediated regulation of vascular inflammatory processes. PROPOSED EXPERIMENTAL SETTING TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS PUFA-supplemented monocytes and endothelial cells are analyzed with respect to membrane fatty acid patterns, typical markers of vascular inflammation and miRNA expression. Experiments are performed both for undifferentiated/unstimulated as well as for differentiated/stimulated cells. Verification of identified miRNA targets is performed by means of mimics/antagomirs. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS Innovative mechanism of action, which could point the way to a new understanding of the PUFA-mediated modulation of cellular signal transduction. If confirmed experimentally, it might stimulate vascular inflammation research and immunologic lipid science, hence, acting as source of inspiration for future therapeutic interventions in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schumann
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Franzosenweg 1a, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Dall'Ara P, Iulini B, Botto L, Filipe J, Martino PA, Pintore MD, Gazzuola P, Mazza M, Dagrada M, Ingravalle F, Casalone C, Palestini P, Poli G. Diets with different lipid contents do not modify the neuronal membrane lipid raft profile in a scrapie murine model. Life Sci 2016; 144:226-33. [PMID: 26655166 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), the localization of the prion protein in the neuronal membrane lipid rafts (LR) seems to play a role in sustaining the protein misfolding. Changes in membrane properties, due to altered lipid composition, affect their organization and interaction between lipids and protein therein, and consequently also membrane resident protein functionality; dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), gangliosides and cholesterol seem to influence these processes. AIMS In this work, the influence of administration of different feed, able to change the composition of lipid membrane, on the clinical progression of prion disease was studied. MAIN METHODS The activity of three diets (hyperlipidic with 6% fats; hypolipidic with 0.1% fats; and purified with 4% fats) was tested in CD1 mouse model experimentally infected with RML scrapie strain. Presence and distribution of typical central nervous system (CNS) lesions and deposits of PrP(sc) were evaluated by histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of lipids was performed in homogenate and insoluble brain fraction of the neuronal membrane rich in LR. KEY FINDINGS Results show that a diet with a different lipid level has not a significant role in the development of the scrapie disease. All infected mice fed with different diets died in the same time span. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and neuropathological analyses of the infected brains did not show significant differences between animals subjected to different diets. SIGNIFICANCE Independently of the diet, the infection induced a significant modification of the lipid composition in homogenates, and a less noticeable one in insoluble brain fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dall'Ara
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Barbara Iulini
- CEA, Italian Reference Laboratory for TSEs, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Botto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Pintore
- CEA, Italian Reference Laboratory for TSEs, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzuola
- CEA, Italian Reference Laboratory for TSEs, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- CEA, Italian Reference Laboratory for TSEs, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Dagrada
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- CEA, Italian Reference Laboratory for TSEs, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- CEA, Italian Reference Laboratory for TSEs, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Poli
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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15
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Boisramé-Helms J, Toti F, Hasselmann M, Meziani F. Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition in critical illness. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:1-16. [PMID: 26416578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Critical illness is a life-threatening multisystem process that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. In most patients, critical illness is preceded by a physiological deterioration, characterized by a catabolic state and intense metabolic changes, resulting in malnutrition and impaired immune functions. In this context, parenteral lipid emulsions may modulate inflammatory and immune reactions, depending on their fatty acid composition. These effects appear to be based on complex modifications in the composition and structure of cell membranes, through eicosanoid and cytokine synthesis and by modulation of gene expression. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these fatty acid-induced immune function alterations in critical ill patients are however complex and partially understood. Indeed, despite a very abundant literature, experimental and clinical data remain contradictory. The optimization of lipid emulsion composition thus represents a major challenge for clinical medicine, to adequately modulate the inflammatory pathways. In the present review, we first address the metabolic response to aggression, the effects of parenteral lipid emulsions on inflammation and immunity, and finally the controversial place of these lipid emulsions during critical illness. The analysis furthermore highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the differential effects of lipid emulsions and their potential for improving the handling of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boisramé-Helms
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7293, Faculté de médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Toti
- UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Michel Hasselmann
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7293, Faculté de médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Han YM, Park JM, Jeong M, Yoo JH, Kim WH, Shin SP, Ko WJ, Hahm KB. Dietary, non-microbial intervention to prevent Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207250 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as the major cause of gastroduodenal disorders including acute and chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer almost three decades ago, the possibility of preventing these clinical diseases through eradicating H. pylori has been the focus of active research, but soon debate in the scientific community, though eradication opens the feasibility of cancer prevention and the removal of bacteria significantly prevents development or recurrence of peptic ulcer diseases and some clinical diseases, was proposed due to uncertainty in either achievement of complete eradication or inefficacy in cancer prevention with eradication alone. Still its linkage to gastric cancer is incontestable. Since the multiple combination of bacterial factors, environmental insults, and the host immune response that drives the initiation and progression of mucosal atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia toward gastric cancer is intervened, simple eradication deemed the feasibility of cancer prevention. Therefore, our group open strong hypothesis that non-microbial, dietary approach might be the alternate, for which several interventions of nutritional components can highlight rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis as well as amelioration of H. pylori-associated procarcinogenic inflammation. In this review article, the experience and outcome regarding nutritional application to rejuvenate gastric atrophy will be introduced, using Korean red ginseng, garlic extracts, cancer preventive Korea kimchi, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), special form of licorice, and probiotics. The detailed influence of dietary intervention and bacterial eradication therapy on disease progression and reversibility of premalignant lesions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Han
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Migyeong Jeong
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Yoo
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Kim
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Seok-Pyo Shin
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Weon-Jin Ko
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- 1 CHA University Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam 463-400, Korea ; 2 Department of Gastroenterology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
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17
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Blancafort A, Giró-Perafita A, Oliveras G, Palomeras S, Turrado C, Campuzano Ò, Carrión-Salip D, Massaguer A, Brugada R, Palafox M, Gómez-Miragaya J, González-Suárez E, Puig T. Dual fatty acid synthase and HER2 signaling blockade shows marked antitumor activity against breast cancer models resistant to anti-HER2 drugs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131241. [PMID: 26107737 PMCID: PMC4479882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the enzyme Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) leads to apoptosis of HER2-positive breast carcinoma cells. The hypothesis is that blocking FASN, in combination with anti-HER2 signaling agents, would be an effective antitumor strategy in preclinical HER2+ breast cancer models of trastuzumab and lapatinib resistance. We developed and molecularly characterized in vitro HER2+ models of resistance to trastuzumab (SKTR), lapatinib (SKLR) and both (SKLTR). The cellular interactions of combining anti-FASN polyphenolic compounds (EGCG and the synthetic G28UCM) with anti-HER2 signaling drugs (trastuzumab plus pertuzumab and temsirolimus) were analyzed. Tumor growth inhibition after treatment with EGCG, pertuzumab, temsirolimus or the combination was evaluated in two in vivo orthoxenopatients: one derived from a HER2+ patient and another from a patient who relapsed on trastuzumab and lapatinib-based therapy. SKTR, SKLR and SKLTR showed hyperactivation of EGFR and p-ERK1/2 and PI3KCA mutations. Dual-resistant cells (SKLTR) also showed hyperactivation of HER4 and recovered levels of p-AKT compared with mono-resistant cells. mTOR, p-mTOR and FASN expression remained stable in SKTR, SKLR and SKLTR. In vitro, anti-FASN compounds plus pertuzumab showed synergistic interactions in lapatinib- and dual- resistant cells and improved the results of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab co-treatment. FASN inhibitors combined with temsirolimus displayed the strongest synergistic interactions in resistant cells. In vivo, both orthoxenopatients showed strong response to the antitumor activity of the combination of EGCG with pertuzumab or temsirolimus, without signs of toxicity. We showed that the simultaneous blockade of FASN and HER2 pathways is effective in cells and in breast cancer models refractory to anti-HER2 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Blancafort
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giró-Perafita
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Glòria Oliveras
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Sònia Palomeras
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlos Turrado
- Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Òscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Dolors Carrión-Salip
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Palafox
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Gómez-Miragaya
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva González-Suárez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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18
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Reaves DK, Ginsburg E, Bang JJ, Fleming JM. Persistent organic pollutants and obesity: are they potential mechanisms for breast cancer promotion? Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R69-86. [PMID: 25624167 PMCID: PMC4352112 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary ingestion of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is correlated with the development of obesity. Obesity alters metabolism, induces an inflammatory tissue microenvironment, and is also linked to diabetes and breast cancer risk/promotion of the disease. However, no direct evidence exists with regard to the correlation among all three of these factors (POPs, obesity, and breast cancer). Herein, we present results from current correlative studies indicating a causal link between POP exposure through diet and their bioaccumulation in adipose tissue that promotes the development of obesity and ultimately influences breast cancer development and/or progression. Furthermore, as endocrine disruptors, POPs could interfere with hormonally responsive tissue functions causing dysregulation of hormone signaling and cell function. This review highlights the critical need for advanced in vitro and in vivo model systems to elucidate the complex relationship among obesity, POPs, and breast cancer, and, more importantly, to delineate their multifaceted molecular, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies directly testing the observed correlations as well as detailing their molecular mechanisms are vital to cancer research and, ultimately, public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Reaves
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - Erika Ginsburg
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - John J Bang
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - Jodie M Fleming
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
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19
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Medium-chain Triglyceride Supplementation Exacerbates Peritonitis-Induced Septic Shock in Rats. Shock 2014; 42:548-53. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Lipid Emulsions Differentially Affect LPS-Induced Acute Monocytes Inflammation: In Vitro Effects on Membrane Remodeling and Cell Viability. Lipids 2014; 49:1091-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Serini S, Fasano E, Celleno L, Cittadini A, Calviello G. Potential of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in melanoma prevention. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:255-66. [PMID: 24665956 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible antineoplastic activity of dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) has been supported by ample preclinical studies that have identified a number of molecular factors and pathways affected by these fatty acids and involved in cell growth, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. The aim of this critical review is to assess the current state of knowledge on the potential anticancer effects of LC n-3 PUFAs against malignant melanoma, one of the most common cancers among Western populations. The results of preclinical as well as human observational and interventional studies investigating the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs in melanoma were examined. Overall, the analysis of the literature reveals that, even though a large body of information is available, further effort is needed to identify the main molecular targets of LC n-3 PUFAs in melanoma. Moreover, additional well-designed human observational studies are essential to shed further light on the issue. The results of these studies could provide support and specific information for the development of clinical studies, especially those performed in combination with conventional or innovative antineoplastic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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22
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Schumann J, Basiouni S, Gück T, Fuhrmann H. Treating canine atopic dermatitis with unsaturated fatty acids: the role of mast cells and potential mechanisms of action. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:1013-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - S. Basiouni
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Benha University; Moshtohor Toukh Qalioubeya Egypt
| | - T. Gück
- Hills Pet Nutrition; Hamburg Germany
| | - H. Fuhrmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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23
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Eicosapentaenoic acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85025. [PMID: 24454781 PMCID: PMC3890293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, including aberrant DNA methylation, contribute to tumor development and progression. Silencing of tumor suppressor genes may be ascribed to promoter DNA hypermethylation, a reversible phenomenon intensely investigated as potential therapeutic target. Previously, we demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). The C/EBPβ/C/EBPδ heterodimer formed appears essential for the monocyte differentiation commitment. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of EPA on RAS/extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK1/2)/C/EBPβ pathway, known to be induced during the monocyte differentiation program. We found that EPA conditioning of U937 leukemia cells activated RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway, increasing the C/EBPβ and ERK1/2 active phosphorylated forms. Transcriptional induction of the upstream activator H-Ras gene resulted in increased expression of H-Ras protein in the active pool of non raft membrane fraction. H-Ras gene analysis identified an hypermethylated CpG island in intron 1 that can affect the DNA-protein interaction modifying RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) activity. EPA treatment demethylated almost completely this CpG island, which was associated with an enrichment of active RNAPII. The increased binding of the H-Ras transcriptional regulator p53 to its consensus sequence within the intronic CpG island further confirmed the effect of EPA as demethylating agent. Our results provide the first evidence that an endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) promotes a DNA demethylation process responsible for the activation of RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway during the monocyte differentiation commitment. The new role of EPA as demethylating agent paves the way for studying PUFA action when aberrant DNA methylation is involved.
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24
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Turk HF, Monk JM, Fan YY, Callaway ES, Weeks B, Chapkin RS. Inhibitory effects of omega-3 fatty acids on injury-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation contribute to delayed wound healing. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C905-17. [PMID: 23426968 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling is required for optimal intestinal wound healing. Since n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alter EGFR signaling and suppress downstream activation of key signaling pathways, we hypothesized that DHA would be detrimental to the process of intestinal wound healing. Using a mouse immortalized colonocyte model, DHA uniquely reduced EGFR ligand-induced receptor activation, whereas DHA and its metabolic precursor eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduced wound-induced EGFR transactivation compared with control (no fatty acid or linoleic acid). Under wounding conditions, the suppression of EGFR activation was associated with a reduction in downstream activation of cytoskeletal remodeling proteins (PLCγ1, Rac1, and Cdc42). Subsequently, DHA and EPA reduced cell migration in response to wounding. Mice were fed a corn oil-, DHA-, or EPA-enriched diet prior to intestinal wounding (2.5% dextran sodium sulfate for 5 days followed by termination after 0, 3, or 6 days of recovery). Mortality was increased in EPA-fed mice and colonic histological injury scores were increased in EPA- and DHA-fed mice compared with corn oil-fed (control) mice. Although kinetics of colonic EGFR activation and downstream signaling (PLCγ1, Rac1, and Cdc42) were delayed by both n-3 PUFA, colonic repair was increased in EPA- relative to DHA-fed mice. These results indicate that, during the early response to intestinal wounding, DHA and EPA uniquely delay the activation of key wound-healing processes in the colon. This effect is mediated, at least in part, via suppression of EGFR-mediated signaling and downstream cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmony F Turk
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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25
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Park JW, Park WJ, Kuperman Y, Boura-Halfon S, Pewzner-Jung Y, Futerman AH. Ablation of very long acyl chain sphingolipids causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice due to altered detergent-resistant membranes. Hepatology 2013; 57:525-32. [PMID: 22911490 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sphingolipids are important structural components of cell membranes and act as critical regulators of cell function by modulating intracellular signaling pathways. Specific sphingolipids, such as ceramide, glucosylceramide, and ganglioside GM3, have been implicated in various aspects of insulin resistance, because they have been shown to modify several steps in the insulin signaling pathway, such as phosphorylation of either protein kinase B (Akt) or of the insulin receptor. We now explore the role of the ceramide acyl chain length in insulin signaling by using a ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) null mouse, which is unable to synthesize very long acyl chain (C22-C24) ceramides. CerS2 null mice exhibited glucose intolerance despite normal insulin secretion from the pancreas. Both insulin receptor and Akt phosphorylation were abrogated in liver, but not in adipose tissue or in skeletal muscle. The lack of insulin receptor phosphorylation in liver correlated with its inability to translocate into detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). Moreover, DRMs in CerS2 null mice displayed properties significantly different from those in wild-type mice, suggesting that the altered sphingolipid acyl chain length directly affects insulin receptor translocation and subsequent signaling. CONCLUSION We conclude that the sphingolipid acyl chain composition of liver regulates insulin signaling by modifying insulin receptor translocation into membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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26
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The janus face of lipids in human breast cancer: how polyunsaturated Fatty acids affect tumor cell hallmarks. Int J Breast Cancer 2012; 2012:712536. [PMID: 22811918 PMCID: PMC3395128 DOI: 10.1155/2012/712536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For several years, lipids and especially n - 3 and n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) receive much attention in human health. Epidemiological studies tend to correlate a PUFA-rich diet with a reduced incidence of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting the effect of PUFAs in breast cancer cells remain relatively unknown. Here, we review some recent progress in understanding the impact that PUFA may have on breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. While most of the results obtained with docosahexaenoic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid show a decrease of tumor cell proliferation and/or aggressivity, there is some evidence that other lipids, which accumulate in breast cancer tissues, such as arachidonic acid may have opposite effects. Finally, lipids and especially PUFAs appear as potential adjuvants to conventional cancer therapy.
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27
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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent actin remodelling during CD4+ T-cell activation. Biochem J 2012; 443:27-37. [PMID: 22250985 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids), i.e. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), found in fish oil, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Since PtdIns(4,5)P2 resides in raft domains and DHA can alter the size of rafts, we hypothesized that PtdIns(4,5)P2 and downstream actin remodelling are perturbed by the incorporation of n-3 PUFA into membranes, resulting in suppressed T-cell activation. CD4+ T-cells isolated from Fat-1 transgenic mice (membranes enriched in n-3 PUFA) exhibited a 50% decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2. Upon activation by plate-bound anti-CD3/anti-CD28 or PMA/ionomycin, Fat-1 CD4+ T-cells failed to metabolize PtdIns(4,5)P2. Furthermore, actin remodelling failed to initiate in Fat-1 CD4+ T-cells upon stimulation; however, the defect was reversed by incubation with exogenous PtdIns(4,5)P2. When Fat-1 CD4+ T-cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28-coated beads, WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) failed to translocate to the immunological synapse. The suppressive phenotype, consisting of defects in PtdIns(4,5)P2 metabolism and actin remodelling, were recapitulated in CD4+ T-cells isolated from mice fed on a 4% DHA triacylglycerol-enriched diet. Collectively, these data demonstrate that n-3 PUFA, such as DHA, alter PtdIns(4,5)P2 in CD4+ T-cells, thereby suppressing the recruitment of WASP to the immunological synapse, and impairing actin remodelling in CD4+ T-cells.
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28
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Vanhorn J, Altenburg JD, Harvey KA, Xu Z, Kovacs RJ, Siddiqui RA. Attenuation of niacin-induced prostaglandin D(2) generation by omega-3 fatty acids in THP-1 macrophages and Langerhans dendritic cells. J Inflamm Res 2012; 5:37-50. [PMID: 22442634 PMCID: PMC3308705 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s29044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound that has several cardio-beneficial effects. However, its use is limited due to the induction of a variable flushing response in most individuals. Flushing occurs from a niacin receptor mediated generation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid metabolism. This study examined the ability of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), to attenuate niacin-induced prostaglandins in THP-1 macrophages. Niacin induced both PGD2 and PGE2 generation in a dose-dependent manner. Niacin also caused an increase in cytosolic calcium and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2. The increase in PGD2 and PGE2 was reduced by both docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but not by oleic acid. Omega-3 PUFAs efficiently incorporated into cellular phospholipids at the expense of arachidonic acid, whereas oleic acid incorporated to a higher extent but had no effect on arachidonic acid levels. Omega-3 PUFAs also reduced surface expression of GPR109A, a human niacin receptor. Furthermore, omega-3 PUFAs also inhibited the niacin-induced increase in cytosolic calcium. Niacin and/or omega-3 PUFAs minimally affected cyclooxygenase-1 activity and had no effect on cyclooxygenase -2 activity. The effects of niacin on PGD2 generation were further confirmed using Langerhans dendritic cells. Results of the present study indicate that omega-3 PUFAs reduced niacin-induced prostaglandins formation by diminishing the availability of their substrate, as well as reducing the surface expression of niacin receptors. In conclusion, this study suggests that the regular use of omega-3 PUFAs along with niacin can potentially reduce the niacin-induced flushing response in sensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Vanhorn
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indianapolis
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A nonpolar blueberry fraction blunts NADPH oxidase activation in neuronal cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:768101. [PMID: 22530077 PMCID: PMC3317020 DOI: 10.1155/2012/768101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are key to the progressive neuronal degeneration common to chronic pathologies, traumatic injuries, and aging processes in the CNS. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) orchestrates cellular stress by stimulating the production and release of neurotoxic mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidases (NOX), ubiquitously expressed in all cells, have recently emerged as pivotal ROS sources in aging and disease. We demonstrated the presence of potent NOX inhibitors in wild Alaska bog blueberries partitioning discretely into a nonpolar fraction with minimal antioxidant capacity and largely devoid of polyphenols. Incubation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with nonpolar blueberry fractions obstructed the coalescing of lipid rafts into large domains disrupting NOX assembly therein and abolishing ROS production characteristic for TNF-α exposure. These findings illuminate nutrition-derived lipid raft modulation as a novel therapeutic approach to blunt inflammatory and oxidative stress in the aging or diseased CNS.
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Keenan JI, Salm N, Wallace AJ, Hampton MB. Using Food to ReduceH. pylori-associated Inflammation. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1620-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline I. Keenan
- Department of Surgery; University of Otago Christchurch; Christchurch; New Zealand
| | - Nina Salm
- Department of Surgery; University of Otago Christchurch; Christchurch; New Zealand
| | - Alison J. Wallace
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd; Lincoln; New Zealand
| | - Mark B. Hampton
- Department of Pathology; University of Otago Christchurch; Christchurch; New Zealand
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Langerhuus SN, Jensen KH, Tønnesen EK, Theil PK, Halekoh U, Lauridsen C. The effect of dietary fatty acids on post-operative inflammatory response in a porcine model. APMIS 2012; 120:236-48. [PMID: 22339682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential anti-inflammatory effects of dietary fish oil (FO) have been studied in numerous clinical trials. However, variation in lifestyle and morbidity among patients can be difficult to control. In the present study, the impact of a 3-week dietary pre-treatment with 10% (w/w) FO (n 28), sunflower oil (SO, n 28), or animal fat (AF, n 28) was evaluated with respect to post-operative responses in inflammatory markers in a porcine model on aortic vascular prosthetic graft infection. In the early post-operative period (0 < day ≤ 3), FO suppressed whole blood IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α responsiveness to LPS stimulation, decreased peripheral leukocyte IL-8 mRNA abundance, reinforced an increase in total leukocyte count, and counteracted a decrease in mononuclear leukocyte count compared with SO. In the late post-operative period (3 < day ≤ 14), FO increased total leukocyte count and showed higher maximum CRP and haptoglobin concentrations compared with SO. Compared with AF, FO decreased peripheral leukocyte IL-8 mRNA abundance in the early post-operative period, and increased total leukocyte count and maximum CRP concentration in the late post-operative period. In conclusion, the post-operative response in a number of inflammatory markers was affected by FO, and this was most apparent compared with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine N Langerhuus
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
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Cury-Boaventura MF, Torrinhas RSMDM, Godoy ABPD, Curi R, Waitzberg DL. Human Leukocyte Death After a Preoperative Infusion of Medium/Long-Chain Triglyceride and Fish Oil Parenteral Emulsions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012; 36:677-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607111432759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dan Linetzky Waitzberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
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Bertevello PL, De Nardi L, Torrinhas RS, Logullo AF, Waitzberg DL. Partial replacement of ω-6 fatty acids with medium-chain triglycerides, but not olive oil, improves colon cytokine response and damage in experimental colitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012; 36:442-8. [PMID: 22269895 DOI: 10.1177/0148607111421788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean oil is rich in ω-6 fatty acids, which are associated with higher incidence and more severe cases of inflammatory bowel diseases. The authors evaluated whether partial replacement of soybean oil by medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) or olive oil influenced the incidence and severity of experimental ulcerative colitis by using different parenteral lipid emulsions (LEs). METHODS Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized to receive parenteral infusion of the following LE: 100% soybean oil (SO), 50% MCT mixed with 50% soybean oil (MCT/SO), 80% olive oil mixed with 20% soybean oil (OO/SO), or saline (CC). After 72 hours of infusion, acetic acid experimental colitis was induced. After 24 hours, colon histology and cytokine expression were analyzed. RESULTS SO was not significantly associated with overall tissue damage. MCT/SO was not associated with necrosis (P < .005), whereas OO/SO had higher frequencies of ulcer and necrosis (P < .005). SO was associated with increased expression of interferon-γ (P = .005) and OO/SO with increased interleukin (IL)-6 and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α expression (P < .05). MCT/SO appeared to decrease IL-1 (P < .05) and increase IL-4 (P < .001) expression. CONCLUSIONS Parenteral SO with high concentration of ω-6 fatty acids was not associated with greater tissue damage in experimental colitis. SO partial replacement with MCT/SO decreased the frequency of histological necrosis and favorably modulated cytokine expression in the colon; however, replacement with OO/SO had unfavorable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Bertevello
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (FMUSP), Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division-LIM 35, São Paulo, Brazil
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Basiouni S, Stöckel K, Fuhrmann H, Schumann J. Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements modulate mast cell membrane microdomain composition. Cell Immunol 2012; 275:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Puig T, Aguilar H, Cufí S, Oliveras G, Turrado C, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, Benhamú B, López-Rodríguez ML, Urruticoechea A, Colomer R. A novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase shows activity against HER2+ breast cancer xenografts and is active in anti-HER2 drug-resistant cell lines. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R131. [PMID: 22177475 PMCID: PMC3326573 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhibiting the enzyme Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) leads to apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells, and this is linked to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signaling pathways in models of simultaneous expression of FASN and HER2. Methods In a xenograft model of breast carcinoma cells that are FASN+ and HER2+, we have characterised the anticancer activity and the toxicity profile of G28UCM, the lead compound of a novel family of synthetic FASN inhibitors. In vitro, we analysed the cellular and molecular interactions of combining G28UCM with anti-HER drugs. Finally, we tested the cytotoxic ability of G28UCM on breast cancer cells resistant to trastuzumab or lapatinib, that we developed in our laboratory. Results In vivo, G28UCM reduced the size of 5 out of 14 established xenografts. In the responding tumours, we observed inhibition of FASN activity, cleavage of poly-ADPribose polymerase (PARP) and a decrease of p-HER2, p- protein kinase B (AKT) and p-ERK1/2, which were not observed in the nonresponding tumours. In the G28UCM-treated animals, no significant toxicities occurred, and weight loss was not observed. In vitro, G28UCM showed marked synergistic interactions with trastuzumab, lapatinib, erlotinib or gefitinib (but not with cetuximab), which correlated with increases in apoptosis and with decreases in the activation of HER2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT. In trastuzumab-resistant and in lapatinib-resistant breast cancer cells, in which trastuzumab and lapatinib were not effective, G28UCM retained the anticancer activity observed in the parental cells. Conclusions G28UCM inhibits fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity and the growth of breast carcinoma xenografts in vivo, and is active in cells with acquired resistance to anti-HER2 drugs, which make it a candidate for further pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Puig
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
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Premasekharan G, Nguyen K, Contreras J, Ramon V, Leppert VJ, Forman HJ. Iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and lipid raft disruption in low-dose silica-induced macrophage cytokine production. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1184-94. [PMID: 21741475 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silica inhalation can induce respiratory disease. Iron is suspected of playing an important role in silica-mediated respiratory toxicity, but unambiguously determining its role has been hampered by incomplete characterization, use of high particle doses, and lack of understanding of proinflammatory mechanisms. In this study, we investigated a novel hypothesis for the mechanism of silica particle-induced increase in cytokine production. We studied the role of iron in lipid peroxidation-dependent transcription of cytokines in macrophages by ground natural silica particles at low sublethal doses. Particle size, size distribution, surface area, and structure were determined using electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray diffraction. Iron impurity concentrations before and after acid treatment were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. At a low noncytotoxic dose (1 μg/ml) of 2-μm silica, the presence of iron significantly increased superoxide (O(2)(•-)), lipid peroxidation, lipid raft disruption, and cytokine production in macrophages. The iron chelators deferoxamine mesylate and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid were found to abrogate O(2)(•-) production and inhibit lipid peroxidation, raft disruption, and cytokine induction. Tricyclodecan-9-yl xanthate, a competitive inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), which is an upstream participant in NF-κB activation, and manganese(III) tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin, a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimic, blocked silica-stimulated cytokine production. We propose a pathway of iron-induced lipid peroxidation disrupting lipid rafts and signaling for the production of cytokines through PC-PLC in silica-exposed macrophages.
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Schumann J, Leichtle A, Thiery J, Fuhrmann H. Fatty acid and peptide profiles in plasma membrane and membrane rafts of PUFA supplemented RAW264.7 macrophages. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24066. [PMID: 21887374 PMCID: PMC3161109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell membrane possesses numerous complex functions, which are essential for life. At this, the composition and the structure of the lipid bilayer are of particular importance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids may modulate the physical properties of biological membranes via alteration of membrane lipid composition affecting numerous physiological processes, e.g. in the immune system. In this systematic study we present fatty acid and peptide profiles of cell membrane and membrane rafts of murine macrophages that have been supplemented with saturated fatty acids as well as PUFAs from the n-3, the n-6 and the n-9 family. Using fatty acid composition analysis and mass spectrometry-based peptidome profiling we found that PUFAs from both the n-3 and the n-6 family have an impact on lipid and protein composition of plasma membrane and membrane rafts in a similar manner. In addition, we found a relation between the number of bis-allyl-methylene positions of the PUFA added and the unsaturation index of plasma membrane as well as membrane rafts of supplemented cells. With regard to the proposed significance of lipid microdomains for disease development and treatment our study will help to achieve a targeted dietary modulation of immune cell lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schumann
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Jahn KA, Su Y, Braet F. Multifaceted nature of membrane microdomains in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:681-90. [PMID: 21390137 PMCID: PMC3042645 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i6.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains or lipid rafts are known to be highly dynamic and to act as selective signal transduction mediators that facilitate interactions between the cell’s external and internal environments. Lipid rafts play an important mediating role in the biology of cancer: they have been found in almost all existing experimental cancer models, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and play key regulatory roles in cell migration, metastasis, cell survival and tumor progression. This paper explores the current state of knowledge in this field by highlighting some of the pioneering and recent lipid raft studies performed on different CRC cell lines and human tissue samples. From this literature review, it becomes clear that membrane microdomains appear to be implicated in all key intracellular signaling pathways for lipid metabolism, drug resistance, cell adhesion, cell death, cell proliferation and many other processes in CRC. All signal transduction pathways seem to originate directly from those peculiar lipid islands, thereby orchestrating the colon cancer cells’ state and fate. As confirmed by recent animal and preclinical studies in different CRC models, continuing to unravel the structure and function of lipid rafts - including their associated complex signaling pathways - will likely bring us one step closer to better monitoring and treating of colon cancer patients.
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Gapeyev AB, Kulagina TP, Aripovsky AV, Chemeris NK. The role of fatty acids in anti-inflammatory effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 32:388-95. [PMID: 21287568 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR; 42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm(2) , exposure duration 20 min) on the fatty acid (FA) composition of thymic cells and blood plasma in normal mice and in mice with peritoneal inflammation were studied. It was found that the exposure of normal mice to EHF EMR increased the content of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic) in thymic cells. Using a model of zymosan-induced peritoneal inflammation, it was shown that the exposure of mice to EHF EMR significantly increased the content of PUFAs (dihomo-γ-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic) and reduced the content of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (palmitoleic and oleic) in thymic cells. Changes in the FA composition in the blood plasma were less pronounced and manifested themselves as an increase in the level of saturated FAs during the inflammation. The data obtained support the notion that MUFAs are replaced by PUFAs that can enter into the thymic cells from the external media. Taking into account the fact that the metabolites of PUFAs are lipid messengers actively involved in inflammatory and immune reactions, we assume that the increase in the content of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in phospholipids of cellular membranes facilitates the realization of anti-inflammatory effects of EHF EMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Gapeyev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Cotogni P, Muzio G, Trombetta A, Ranieri VM, Canuto RA. Impact of the ω‐3 to ω‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio on Cytokine Release in Human Alveolar Cells. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:114-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607110372392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cotogni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Trombetta
- Oncology and Hematology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - V. Marco Ranieri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Canuto
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Carrillo C, del Mar Cavia M, Roelofs H, Wanten G, Alonso-Torre SR. Activation of Human Neutrophils by Oleic Acid Involves the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and a Rise in Cytosolic Calcium Concentration: a Comparison with N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:329-38. [DOI: 10.1159/000331749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Spatial organization of transmembrane receptor signalling. EMBO J 2010; 29:2677-88. [PMID: 20717138 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of transmembrane receptors is a critical step in signal transduction and receptor trafficking in cells. Transmembrane receptors engage in lateral homotypic and heterotypic cis-interactions as well as intercellular trans-interactions that result in the formation of signalling foci for the initiation of different signalling networks. Several aspects of ligand-induced receptor clustering and association with signalling proteins are also influenced by the lipid composition of membranes. Thus, lipid microdomains have a function in tuning the activity of many transmembrane receptors by positively or negatively affecting receptor clustering and signal transduction. We review the current knowledge about the functions of clustering of transmembrane receptors and lipid-protein interactions important for the spatial organization of signalling at the membrane.
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Fiaccavento R, Carotenuto F, Vecchini A, Binaglia L, Forte G, Capucci E, Maccari AM, Minieri M, Di Nardo P. An omega-3 fatty acid-enriched diet prevents skeletal muscle lesions in a hamster model of dystrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2176-84. [PMID: 20829440 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, despite well-known mutational causes, a universal treatment for neuromuscular disorders is still lacking, and current therapeutic efforts are mainly restricted to symptomatic treatments. In the present study, δ-sarcoglycan-null dystrophic hamsters were fed a diet enriched in flaxseed-derived ω3 α-linolenic fatty acid from weaning until death. α-linolenic fatty acid precluded the dystrophic degeneration of muscle morphology and function. In fact, in dystrophic animals fed flaxseed-derived α-linolenic fatty acid, the histological appearance of the muscular tissue was improved, the proliferation of interstitial cells was decreased, and the myogenic differentiation originated new myocytes to repair the injured muscle. In addition, muscle myofibers were larger and cell membrane integrity was preserved, as witnessed by the correct localization of α-, β-, and γ-sarcoglycans and α-dystroglycan. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic accumulation of both β-catenin and caveolin-3 was abolished in dystrophic hamster muscle fed α-linolenic fatty acid versus control animals fed standard diet, while α-myosin heavy chain was expressed at nearly physiological levels. These findings, obtained by dietary intervention only, introduce a novel concept that provides evidence that the modulation of the plasmalemma lipid profile could represent an efficacious strategy to ameliorate human muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fiaccavento
- Laboratorio di Cardiologia Molecolare e Cellulare, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Kones R. Parkinson’s Disease: Mitochondrial Molecular Pathology, Inflammation, Statins, and Therapeutic Neuroprotective Nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 2010; 25:371-89. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533610373932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Megalizzi V, Le Mercier M, Decaestecker C. Sigma receptors and their ligands in cancer biology: overview and new perspectives for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:410-27. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Le Mercier
- Department of Pathology; Erasme University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Institute of Pharmacy; Brussels Belgium
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis; Faculty of Applied Sciences; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
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Abstract
The enrichment of immune cell membranes with n-3 PUFA is associated with modulation of immune function. The degree of incorporation of n-3 PUFA (and therefore the impact of dietary n-3 PUFA on immune function) appears to depend on a number of factors including species and age. The mechanisms involved are still largely unclear, but recent work has focused on two areas; lipid rafts and eicosanoids. In vitro studies suggest that lipid rafts could play a role in the immunomodulatory effects of n-3 PUFA, but there is still little information regarding the extent to which membrane microdomains in human lymphocytes are modulated by dietary supplementation. The enrichment of cell membranes with n-3 PUFA also modulates the production of eicosanoids, the full extent of which has not yet been realized; this represents a key area for future research.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipid rafts are potentially modifiable by diet, particularly (but not exclusively) by dietary fatty acids. This review examines the potential for dietary modification of raft structure and function in the immune system, brain and retinal tissue, the gut, and in cancer cells. RECENT FINDINGS In-vitro and ex-vivo studies suggest that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert immunosuppressive and anticancer effects through changes in lipid raft organization. In addition, gangliosides and cholesterol may modulate lipid raft organization in a number of tissues, and recent work has highlighted sphingolipids in membrane microdomains as potential targets for inhibition of tumor growth. The roles of fatty acids and gangliosides, especially in relation to lipid rafts, in cognitive development, age-related cognitive decline, psychiatric disorders, and Alzheimer's disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The roles of lipid rafts in cancer, in microbial pathogenesis, and in insulin resistance are starting to emerge, and indicate compelling evidence for the growing importance of membrane microdomains in health and disease. SUMMARY In-vitro and animal studies show that n-3 PUFAs, cholesterol, and gangliosides modulate the structure and composition of lipid rafts, potentially influencing a wide range of biological processes, including immune function, neuronal signaling, cancer cell growth, entry of pathogens through the gut barrier, and insulin resistance in metabolic disorders. The physiological, clinical, and nutritional relevance of these observations remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Yaqoob
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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48
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Harvey KA, Xu Z, Whitley P, Davisson VJ, Siddiqui RA. Characterization of anticancer properties of 2,6-diisopropylphenol-docosahexaenoate and analogues in breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1866-74. [PMID: 20153203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the characterization and evaluation of novel anticancer conjugates, 2,6-diisopropylphenol-docosahexaenoate (PP-DHA), and its analogues including 2,4-diisopropylphenol-docosahexaenoate (DIPP-DHA), 2-isopropylphenol-docosahexaenoate (IPP-DHA), 2-cyclohexanephenol-docosahexaenoate (CHP-DHA) and phenol-docosahexaenoate (P-DHA) on breast cancer cell lines. Representative breast cancer cell lines, based on estrogen alpha receptor (ER) and oncogene Her-2 expression, were used and include MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative, Her-2-negative), MCF-7 (ER-positive, Her-2-negative) AU565 (ER-negative, Her-2-positive) and MDA-MB-361 (ER-positive, Her-2-positive). The PP-DHA conjugate significantly inhibited cell growth and induced cell loss in the breast cancer cell lines similarly; however, this conjugate was not effective against normal mammary epithelial cells. The effect of various conjugates were in PP-DHA>IPP-DHA>DIPP-DHA>CHP-DHA>>P-DHA order. PP-DHA and IPP-DHA conjugates were stable in human and mouse serum. Furthermore, the non-hydrolyzable amide-linked conjugate analogues affected breast cancer cells in a manner similar to that of the ester-linked conjugates. This suggests that ester-linked PP-DHA and IPP-DHA conjugates were stable during treatment to breast cancer cells due to structural hindrance. PP-DHA did not affect PPARalpha or PPARgamma activities but its anticancer effects appear to be mediated in part though the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Further experiments are needed to confirm their molecular target and to test the effectiveness of these compounds in an in vivo model for their anticancer properties. In conclusion, these results suggest that the novel PP-DHA and IPP-DHA conjugates and their amide derivatives may be useful for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Harvey
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Clarian Health Partners, Inc., 1800 N. Capital Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Altenburg JD, Siddiqui RA. Docosahexaenoic acid downregulates interferon gamma-induced expression of CXCL16 in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 391:609-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Yaqoob
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom;
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