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Aydin IH, El-Mallakh RS. Concept article: Antidepressant-induced destabilization in bipolar illness mediated by serotonin 3 receptor (5HT3). Bipolar Disord 2024. [PMID: 39218660 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antidepressants used by patients with bipolar disorder have been associated with destabilization with an increase in mania, depression, and cycling. The most commonly proposed mechanism, that antidepressants 'overshoot' their antidepressant effect to create a manic or mixed state, is unlikely since antidepressants have actually been found to be ineffective in treating bipolar depression. Beginning with known bipolar-specific pathophysiologic abnormalities provides the greatest likelihood of insight. METHODS PubMed was queried with 'bipolar', 'sodium', 'intracellular sodium', 'serotonin 3', '5HT3', '5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors', and 'antidepressant' either individually or in combination. RESULTS Pathologic mood states (both mania and depression) are associated with increased intracellular sodium (Na) concentrations that depolarize the resting membrane potential to increase cellular excitability (mania) or cause depolarization block (depression). Stimulation of the serotonin (5HT) receptors depolarizes the post-synaptic neuron. Stimulation of 5HT3 may be of particular importance since it is coupled to a cation channel that directly depolarizes the membrane. These effects directly impact the physiology of patients with bipolar disorder to alter neuronal excitability in a fashion that worsens both mania and depression. PROPOSED CONCEPT The most consistently observed biological abnormality in individuals going through mania or bipolar depression involves a decline in Na pump activity, with consequent elevation of intracellular Na levels. Antidepressant treatment potentiates this, particularly by activation of 5HT3. This hypothesis can be tested by coadministering a 5HT3 antagonist (e.g., vortioxetine or ondansetron) to achieve blockade of that receptor while treating bipolar depression with a serotoninergic antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Hacisalihoglu Aydin
- Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rif S El-Mallakh
- Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Park YS, Oh H, Sung KW. Atypical antidepressant mirtazapine inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor currents in NCB-20 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 151:63-71. [PMID: 36707180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirtazapine, an atypical antidepressant, is known to enhance serotonergic transmission by inhibiting the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 receptors. However, the mechanism of action on the 5-HT3 receptor remains unclear. We investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of mirtazapine on 5-HT3 receptors of NCB20 neuroblastoma cells using the whole-cell voltage-clamp method. Mirtazapine inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor currents in a concentration-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect was influenced by the concentration of 5-HT. When mirtazapine was co-applied to 5-HT, the maximal response of the 5-HT3 receptor current was reduced and EC50 was increased, suggesting that mirtazapine might act as a non-competitive inhibitor. Inhibition of 5-HT3 current by mirtazapine was stronger in pre-application than in co-application, which suggests that mirtazapine might act as a closed state inhibitor. This finding was further supported by no use-dependency of the mirtazapine for 5-HT3 receptor inhibition. Finally, mirtazapine accelerated the desensitization and deactivation process in a concentration-dependent manner. The difference in recovery time showed that mirtazapine drastically influences the desensitization process than the deactivation process. These mechanistic characteristics of mirtazapine support the understanding of the relationship between the 5-HT3 receptor and atypical antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, South Korea.
| | - Haejung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, South Korea.
| | - Ki-Wug Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, South Korea.
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3
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Mendes FRS, da Silva AW, Ferreira MKA, Rebouças EDL, Moura Barbosa I, da Rocha MN, Henrique Ferreira Ribeiro W, Menezes RRPPBD, Magalhães EP, Marinho EM, Marinho MM, Bandeira PN, de Menezes JESA, Marinho ES, Dos Santos HS. GABA A and serotonergic receptors participation in anxiolytic effect of chalcones in adult zebrafish. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12426-12444. [PMID: 36644862 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2167116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of anxiety is a significant public health problem, being the 24th leading cause of disability in individuals affected by this disorder. In this context, chalcones, a flavonoid subclass obtained from natural or synthetic sources, interact with central nervous system (CNS) receptors at the same binding site as benzodiazepines, the primary drugs used in the treatment of anxiety. Thus, our study investigates the anxiolytic effect of synthetic chalcones derived from the natural product 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone isolated from Croton anisodontus Müll.Arg. in modulating anxiolytic activity via GABAergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in an adult zebrafish model. Chalcones 1 and 2 were non-toxic to adult zebrafish and showed anxiolytic activity via GABAA receptors. Chalcone 2 also had its anxiolytic action reversed by the antagonist granisetron, indicating the participation of serotonergic receptors 5HTR3A/3B in the anxiolytic effect. In addition, molecular docking results showed that chalcones have a higher affinity for the GABAA receptor than DZP and binding in the same region of the DZP binding site, indicating a similar effect to the drug. Furthermore, the interaction of chalcones with GABAA and 5-HT3A receptors demonstrates the anxiolytic effect potential of these molecules.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Italo Moura Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Limoeiro do Norte, State University of Ceara, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emanuel Paula Magalhães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Machado Marinho
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Limoeiro do Norte, State University of Ceara, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Chemistry Course, State University of Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
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4
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Correia AS, Silva I, Oliveira JC, Reguengo H, Vale N. Serotonin Type 3 Receptor Is Potentially Involved in Cellular Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101645. [PMID: 36295079 PMCID: PMC9605598 DOI: 10.3390/life12101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a disease with several molecular mechanisms involved, such as problems in the serotonergic pathway. This disease is very complex and prevalent, and thus important to deeply study and aim to overcome high rates of relapse and therapeutic failure. In this study, two cellular lines were used (HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells) to gain insight about the role of the serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptor in cellular stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and/or corticosterone. In research, these compounds are known to mimic the high levels of oxidative stress and dysfunction of the hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis by the action of glucocorticoids, usually present in depressed individuals. The receptor 5-HT3 is also known to be involved in depression, previously demonstrated in studies that highlight the role of these receptors as promising targets for antidepressant therapy. Indeed, the drugs used in this work (mirtazapine, scopolamine, and lamotrigine) interact with this serotonergic receptor. Thus, by using cell morphology, cell viability (neutral red and MTT), and HPLC assays, this work aimed to understand the role of these drugs in the stress induced by H2O2/corticosterone to HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. We concluded that the antagonism of the 5-HT3 receptor by these drugs may be important in the attenuation of H2O2-induced oxidative stress to the cells, but not in the corticosterone-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silva
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Oliveira
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Reguengo
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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5
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Zhang CC, Zhu LX, Shi HJ, Zhu LJ. The Role of Vesicle Release and Synaptic Transmission in Depression. Neuroscience 2022; 505:171-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Popova NK, Tsybko AS, Naumenko VS. The Implication of 5-HT Receptor Family Members in Aggression, Depression and Suicide: Similarity and Difference. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158814. [PMID: 35955946 PMCID: PMC9369404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being different multifactorial forms of psychopathology, aggression, depression and suicidal behavior, which is considered to be violent aggression directed against the self, have principal neurobiological links: preclinical and clinical evidence associates depression, aggression and suicidal behavior with dysregulation in central serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. The implication of different types of 5-HT receptors in the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of aggression, depression and suicidality has been well recognized. In this review, we consider and compare the orchestra of 5-HT receptors involved in these severe psychopathologies. Specifically, it concentrates on the role of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptors in the mechanisms underlying the predisposition to aggression, depression and suicidal behavior. The review provides converging lines of evidence that: (1) depression-related 5-HT receptors include those receptors with pro-depressive properties (5-HT2A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7) as well as those providing an antidepressant effect (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C subtypes). (2) Aggression-related 5-HT receptors are identical to depression-related 5-HT receptors with the exception of 5-HT7 receptors. Activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors attenuate aggressiveness, whereas agonists of 5-HT3 intensify aggressive behavior.
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7
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Koniuszewski F, Vogel FD, Bampali K, Fabjan J, Seidel T, Scholze P, Schmiedhofer PB, Langer T, Ernst M. Molecular Mingling: Multimodal Predictions of Ligand Promiscuity in Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:860246. [PMID: 35615739 PMCID: PMC9124788 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.860246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) comprise nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors (5-HT3Rs), zinc-activated channels (ZAC), γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) and glycine receptors (GlyRs). They are recognized therapeutic targets of some of the most prescribed drugs like general anesthetics, anxiolytics, smoking cessation aids, antiemetics and many more. Currently, approximately 100 experimental structures of pLGICs with ligands bound exist in the protein data bank (PDB). These atomic-level 3D structures enable the generation of a comprehensive binding site inventory for the superfamily and the in silico prediction of binding site properties. Methods: A panel of high throughput in silico methods including pharmacophore screening, conformation analysis and descriptor calculation was applied to a selection of allosteric binding sites for which in vitro screens are lacking. Variant abundance near binding site forming regions and computational docking complement the approach. Results: The structural data reflects known and novel binding sites, some of which may be unique to individual receptors, while others are broadly conserved. The membrane spanning domain, comprising four highly conserved segments, contains ligand interaction sites for which in vitro assays suitable for high throughput screenings are critically lacking. This is also the case for structurally more variable novel sites in the extracellular domain. Our computational results suggest that the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) can utilize multiple pockets which are likely to exist on most superfamily members. Conclusion: With this study, we explore the potential for polypharmacology among pLGICs. Our data suggest that ligands can display two forms of promiscuity to an extent greater than what has been realized: 1) Ligands can interact with homologous sites in many members of the superfamily, which bears toxicological relevance. 2) Multiple pockets in distinct localizations of individual receptor subtypes share common ligands, which counteracts efforts to develop selective agents. Moreover, conformational states need to be considered for in silico drug screening, as certain binding sites display considerable flexibility. In total, this work contributes to a better understanding of polypharmacology across pLGICs and provides a basis for improved structure guided in silico drug development and drug derisking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Koniuszewski
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian D. Vogel
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantina Bampali
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jure Fabjan
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip B. Schmiedhofer
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Robillard R, Saad M, Ray LB, BuJáki B, Douglass A, Lee EK, Soucy L, Spitale N, De Koninck J, Kendzerska T. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use is associated with worse sleep-related breathing disturbances in individuals with depressive disorders and sleep complaints: a retrospective study. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:505-513. [PMID: 33118928 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The effects of serotonergic agents on respiration neuromodulation may vary according to differences in the serotonin system, such as those linked to depression. This study investigated how sleep-related respiratory disturbances relate to depression and the use of medications commonly prescribed for depression. METHODS Retrospective polysomnography was collated for all 363 individuals who met selection criteria out of 2,528 consecutive individuals referred to a specialized sleep clinic (Ottawa, Canada) between 2006 and 2016. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen saturation nadir, and oxygen desaturation index during REM and NREM sleep were analyzed using mixed analyses of covariance comparing 3 main groups: (1) medicated individuals with depressive disorders (antidepressant group; subdivided into the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor subgroups), (2) non-medicated individuals with depressive disorders (non-medicated group), and (3) mentally healthy control patients (control group). RESULTS Individuals with depressive disorders (on antidepressants or not) had significantly higher AHIs compared to control patients (both P ≤ .007). The antidepressant group had a lower NREM sleep oxygen saturation nadir and a higher NREM sleep oxygen desaturation index than the control and non-medicated groups (all P ≤ .009). Within individuals with depressive disorders, independent of depression severity, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor group had a lower oxygen saturation nadir and a higher oxygen desaturation index during NREM sleep than the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (both P ≤ .045) and non-medicated groups (both P < .001) and a higher NREM sleep AHI than the non-medicated group (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be associated with impaired breathing and worse nocturnal oxygen saturation in individuals with depressive disorders and sleep complaints, but this needs to be confirmed by prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rébecca Robillard
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mysa Saad
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brad BuJáki
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alan Douglass
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elliott K Lee
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Louis Soucy
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Naomi Spitale
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joseph De Koninck
- Sleep Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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9
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Gibbs E, Chakrapani S. Structure, Function and Physiology of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors Subtype 3. Subcell Biochem 2021; 96:373-408. [PMID: 33252737 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 3 (5-HT3R) is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) involved in neuronal signaling. It is best known for its prominent role in gut-CNS signaling though there is growing interest in its other functions, particularly in modulating non-serotonergic synaptic activity. Recent advances in structural biology have provided mechanistic understanding of 5-HT3R function and present new opportunities for the field. This chapter gives a broad overview of 5-HT3R from a physiological and structural perspective and then discusses the specific details of ion permeation, ligand binding and allosteric coupling between these two events. Biochemical evidence is summarized and placed within a physiological context. This perspective underscores the progress that has been made as well as outstanding challenges and opportunities for future 5-HT3R research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gibbs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA.
| | - Sudha Chakrapani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA.
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10
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Tzang BS, Chen VCH, Hsieh CC, Wang WK, Weng YP, Ho HY, Hsu YT, Hsaio HP, Weng JC, Chen YL. Differential associations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with depression severity from noncancer status to breast cancer course and subsequent chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:686. [PMID: 32703187 PMCID: PMC7376866 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we examined the differential associations of various proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with depression severity from the development of breast cancer to subsequent chemotherapy treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 116 women: 29 controls without cancer, 55 patients with breast cancer who were not receiving chemotherapy, and 32 patients with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. Blood samples were assayed to evaluate serum levels of the following cytokines: interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 (p70), IL-1β, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, and IL-17A. Depression severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results After adjustment for sociodemographics, consistent patterns of the association between cytokine and depression were noted in the different groups. No significant associations were observed in the controls. Inverse associations were observed between cytokines levels and depression severity in patients with breast cancer who were not receiving chemotherapy, whereas positive associations were noted in patients with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. Specific differential relationships between IL-5 levels and depression severity were found between patients with breast cancer who were receiving and not receiving chemotherapy. Conclusions Our study revealed differential relationships between cytokine levels and depression severity with the development of cancer. Immunostimulation and immunosuppression in breast cancer and cancer treatment may account for the differential responses with the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ke Wang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Weng
- Breast center, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ying Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Hsaio
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Graham DL, Durai HH, Trammell TS, Noble BL, Mortlock DP, Galli A, Stanwood GD. A novel mouse model of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression: A look at the brain. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2445-2470. [PMID: 32170734 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone with a number of functions to maintain energy homeostasis and contribute to motivated behavior, both peripherally and within the central nervous system (CNS). These functions, which include insulin secretion, gastric emptying, satiety, and the hedonic aspects of food and drug intake, are primarily mediated through stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor. While this receptor plays an important role in a variety of physiological outcomes, data regarding its CNS expression has been primarily limited to regional receptor binding and single-label transcript expression studies. We thus developed a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mouse, in which expression of a red fluorescent protein (mApple) is driven by the GLP-1R promoter. Using this reporter mouse, we characterized the regional and cellular expression patterns of GLP-1R expressing cells in the CNS, using double-label immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. GLP-1R-expressing cells were enriched in several key brain regions and circuits, including the lateral septum, hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, ventral midbrain, periaqueductal gray, and cerebral cortex. In most regions, GLP-1R primarily colocalized with GABAergic neurons, except within some regions such as the hippocampus, where it was co-expressed in glutamatergic neurons. GLP-1R-mApple cells were highly co-expressed with 5-HT3 receptor-containing neurons within the cortex and striatum, as well as with dopamine receptor- and calbindin-expressing cells within the lateral septum, the brain region in which GLP-1R is most highly expressed. In this manuscript, we provide detailed images of GLP-1R-mApple expression and distribution within the brain and characterization of these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Heather H Durai
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor S Trammell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Brenda L Noble
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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12
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Moradi-Kor N, Dadkhah M, Ghanbari A, Rashidipour H, Bandegi AR, Barati M, Kokhaei P, Rashidy-Pour A. Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1777-1794. [PMID: 32801713 PMCID: PMC7387863 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s247599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ample evidence indicates that chronic adolescence stress is associated with an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Given the importance of the effective therapeutic ways to overcome adolescent stress-related deficits, the present study investigated the effects of Spirulina platensis (SP), environmental enrichment (EE), and voluntary exercise (EX) and their combination on anxiety or depression-like behaviors, oxidative stress, and alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) induced by adolescent stress in adult female rats. METHODS During the adolescent period (PNDs30-40), rats were subjected to restraint stress. Then, the animals were subjected to SP treatment (200 mg/kg/day), EX, EE, and the combined treatments (SP+EX, and SP+EE) for 15 days between PNDs41-55. Subsequently, anxiety or depression-like behaviors, BDNF levels, oxidative stress markers and mRNA expression of BDNF and 5HT3 in the PFC were assessed. RESULTS Stressed rats demonstrated enhanced anxiety levels and depression-like behaviors in adulthood. Regarding the oxidative stress markers, stressed rats exhibited significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and significantly lower total antioxidant reactivity capacity in the PFC. Additionally, adolescent stress significantly increased 5HT3 receptor mRNA expression and decreased BDNF content and its mRNA expression in the PFC. Treatments with SP, EX, EE, and the combined interventions alleviated these deficits. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that appropriate interventions during the adolescent period can protect against adolescent stress-induced behavioral, and biochemical defects and oxidative stress damage in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasroallah Moradi-Kor
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hadi Rashidipour
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Laboratory of Endocrine Research, Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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13
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Stuebler AG, Jansen M. Bupropion Inhibits Serotonin Type 3AB Heteromeric Channels at Clinically Relevant Concentrations. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:171-179. [PMID: 31871303 PMCID: PMC6978693 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bupropion, a Food and Drug Administration–approved antidepressant and smoking cessation aid, blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters and noncompetitively inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine and serotonin (5-HT) type 3A receptors (5-HT3ARs). 5-HT3 receptors are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that regulate synaptic activity in the central and peripheral nervous system, presynaptically and postsynaptically. In the present study, we examined and compared the effect of bupropion and its active metabolite hydroxybupropion on mouse homomeric 5-HT3A and heteromeric 5-HT3AB receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp experiments. Coapplication of bupropion or hydroxybupropion with 5-HT dose dependently inhibited 5-HT–induced currents in heteromeric 5-HT type 3AB receptors (5-HT3ABRs) (IC50 = 840 and 526 μM, respectively). The corresponding IC50s for bupropion and hydroxybupropion for homomeric 5-HT3ARs were 10- and 5-fold lower, respectively (87 and 113 μM). The inhibition of 5-HT3ARs and 5-HT3ABRs was non–use dependent and voltage independent, suggesting bupropion is not an open channel blocker. The inhibition by bupropion was reversible and time-dependent. Of note, preincubation with a low concentration of bupropion that mimics therapeutic drug conditions inhibits 5-HT–induced currents in 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptors considerably. In summary, we demonstrate that bupropion inhibits heteromeric 5-HT3ABRs as well as homomeric 5-HT3ARs. This inhibition occurs at clinically relevant concentrations and may contribute to bupropion’s clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia G Stuebler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Michaela Jansen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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14
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Fakhfouri G, Rahimian R, Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen J, Zirak MR, Beaulieu JM. 5-HT 3 Receptor Antagonists in Neurologic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: The Iceberg Still Lies beneath the Surface. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:383-412. [PMID: 31243157 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, first introduced to the market in the mid-1980s, are proven efficient agents to counteract chemotherapy-induced emesis. Nonetheless, recent investigations have shed light on unappreciated dimensions of this class of compounds in conditions with an immunoinflammatory component as well as in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The promising findings from multiple studies have unveiled several beneficial effects of these compounds in multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Reports continue to uncover important roles for 5-HT3 receptors in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, drug abuse, and schizophrenia. This review addresses the potential of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in neurology- and neuropsychiatry-related disorders. The broad therapeutic window and high compliance observed with these agents position them as suitable prototypes for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutics with higher efficacy and fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada (G.F., R.R.); Sensorion SA, Montpellier, France (J.D.-J.); Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.R.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.-M.B.)
| | - Reza Rahimian
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada (G.F., R.R.); Sensorion SA, Montpellier, France (J.D.-J.); Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.R.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.-M.B.)
| | - Jonas Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada (G.F., R.R.); Sensorion SA, Montpellier, France (J.D.-J.); Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.R.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.-M.B.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada (G.F., R.R.); Sensorion SA, Montpellier, France (J.D.-J.); Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.R.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.-M.B.)
| | - Jean-Martin Beaulieu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada (G.F., R.R.); Sensorion SA, Montpellier, France (J.D.-J.); Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.R.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.-M.B.)
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15
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Theoretical and Experimental Approaches Aimed at Drug Design Targeting Neurodegenerative Diseases. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7120940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, green chemistry has been strengthening, showing how basic and applied sciences advance globally, protecting the environment and human health. A clear example of this evolution is the synergy that now exists between theoretical and computational methods to design new drugs in the most efficient possible way, using the minimum of reagents and obtaining the maximum yield. The development of compounds with potential therapeutic activity against multiple targets associated with neurodegenerative diseases/disorders (NDD) such as Alzheimer’s disease is a hot topic in medical chemistry, where different scientists from various disciplines collaborate to find safe, active, and effective drugs. NDD are a public health problem, affecting mainly the population over 60 years old. To generate significant progress in the pharmacological treatment of NDD, it is necessary to employ different experimental strategies of green chemistry, medical chemistry, and molecular biology, coupled with computational and theoretical approaches such as molecular simulations and chemoinformatics, all framed in the rational drug design targeting NDD. Here, we review how green chemistry and computational approaches have been used to develop new compounds with the potential application against NDD, as well as the challenges and new directions of the drug development multidisciplinary process.
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Vortioxetine Subchronically Activates Serotonergic Transmission via Desensitization of Serotonin 5-HT 1A Receptor with 5-HT 3 Receptor Inhibition in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246235. [PMID: 31835640 PMCID: PMC6940928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a novel, multimodal antidepressant with unique targets, including the inhibition of the serotonin transporter (SET), of serotonin 5-HT3 (5-HT3R), and of 5-HT7 (5-HT7R) receptors and partial agonism to serotonin 5-HT1A (5-HT1AR) receptors in humans. Vortioxetine has a lower affinity to 5-HT1AR and 5-HT7R in rats compared with humans, but several behavior studies have demonstrated its powerful antidepressant-like actions. In spite of these efforts, detailed effects of the subchronic administration of vortioxetine on serotonergic transmission remain to be clarified. This study examined the mechanisms underlying the clinical effects of vortioxetine by measuring the releases of 5-HT and GABA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of freely moving rats compared with the selective SET inhibitor, escitalopram. Inhibition of 5-HT3R in the mPFC enhanced regional 5-HT release via GABAergic disinhibition. Activation of somatodendritic 5-HT1AR in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and presynaptic 5-HT1AR in the mPFC inhibited 5-HT release in the mPFC. Escitalopram subchronically activated mesocortical serotonergic transmission via desensitization of 5-HT1AR in the mPFC and DRN and of 5-HT3R in the mPFC; however, vortioxetine also subchronically activated mesocortical serotonergic transmission via desensitization of 5-HT1AR in the mPFC and DRN but not of 5-HT3R in the mPFC. These demonstrations, the desensitization of 5-HT1AR with the inhibition of 5-HT3R (without 5-HT3R desensitization), at least partially, contribute to the multimodal antidepressant action of vortioxetine in rats.
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17
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Park YS, Sung KW. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram inhibits 5-HT 3 receptor currents in NCB-20 cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:509-517. [PMID: 31680773 PMCID: PMC6819908 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.6.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Escitalopram is one of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. As an S-enantiomer of citalopram, it shows better therapeutic outcome in depression and anxiety disorder treatment because it has higher selectivity for serotonin reuptake transporter than citalopram. The objective of this study was to determine the direct inhibitory effect of escitalopram on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor currents and study its blocking mechanism to explore additional pharmacological effects of escitalopram through 5-HT3 receptors. Using a whole-cell voltage clamp method, we recorded currents of 5-HT3 receptors when 5-HT was applied alone or co-applied with escitalopram in cultured NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells known to express 5-HT3 receptors. 5-HT induced currents were inhibited by escitalopram in a concentration-dependent manner. EC50 of 5-HT on 5-HT3 receptor currents was increased by escitalopram while the maximal peak amplitude was reduced by escitalopram. The inhibitory effect of escitalopram was voltage independent. Escitalopram worked more effectively when it was co-applied with 5-HT than pre-application of escitalopram. Moreover, escitalopram showed fast association and dissociation to the open state of 5-HT3 receptor channel with accelerating receptor desensitization. Although escitalopram accelerated 5-HT3 receptor desensitization, it did not change the time course of desensitization recovery. These results suggest that escitalopram can inhibit 5-HT3 receptor currents in a non-competitive manner with the mechanism of open channel blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Wug Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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18
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Iyer KA, Alix K, Eltit JM, Solis E, Pan X, Argade MD, Khatri S, De Felice LJ, Sweet DH, Schulte MK, Dukat M. Multi-modal antidepressant-like action of 6- and 7-chloro-2-aminodihydroquinazolines in the mouse tail suspension test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2093-2104. [PMID: 30805668 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 2-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (e.g., A6CDQ) represents a novel putative antidepressant originally thought to act through a 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist mechanism. Here, we investigated this further by examining a positional isomer of A6CDQ (i.e., A7CDQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS 5-HT3 receptor and transporter activity (uptake-1 and uptake-2) were investigated using a variety of in vitro assays and the in vivo mouse tail suspension test (TST). RESULTS Although A7CDQ binds at 5-HT3 receptors with low affinity (Ki = 1975 nM) compared to A6CDQ (Ki = 80 nM), it retained 5-HT3 receptor antagonist action (IC50 = 5.77 and 0.26 μM, respectively). In the mouse TST A7CDQ produced antidepressant-like actions (ED50 = 0.09 mg/kg) comparable to that of A6CDQ. In addition, A6CDQ was found to be a 5-HT releasing agent (Km = 2.8 μM) at hSERT and a reuptake inhibitor (IC50 = 1.8 μM) at hNET, whereas A7CDQ was a weak reuptake inhibitor (Km = 43.6 μM) at SERT but a releasing agent (EC50 = 3.3 μM) at hNET. Moreover, A6CDQ and A7CDQ were potent inhibitors of uptake-2 (e.g.; OCT3 IC50 = 3.9 and 5.9 μM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A simple shift of a substituent in a common quinazoline scaffold from one position to another (i.e., a chloro group from the 6- to the 7-position) resulted in a common action in the TST but via a somewhat different mechanism. A6CDQ and A7CDQ might represent the first members of a new class of potential antidepressants with a unique multi-modal mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita A Iyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA, 23298-540, USA
| | - Katie Alix
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA, 23298-540, USA
| | - Jose M Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ernesto Solis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Xiaolei Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Malaika D Argade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA, 23298-540, USA
| | - Shailesh Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Louis J De Felice
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Douglas H Sweet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Marvin K Schulte
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, 83209, USA
| | - Małgorzata Dukat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA, 23298-540, USA.
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19
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Park YS, Myeong SH, Kim IB, Sung KW. Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor currents in NCB-20 cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:585-595. [PMID: 30181705 PMCID: PMC6115347 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is commonly used to treat depression and neuropathic pain, but its mechanism is still unclear. We tested the effect of amitriptyline on 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor currents and studied its blocking mechanism because the clinical applications of amitriptyline overlapped with 5-HT3 receptor therapeutic potentials. Using a whole-cell voltage clamp method, we recorded the currents of the 5-HT3 receptor when 5-HT was applied alone or co-applied with amitriptyline in cultured NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells known to express 5-HT3 receptors. To elucidate the mechanism of amitriptyline, we simulated the 5-HT3 receptor currents using Berkeley Madonna® software and calculated the rate constants of the agonist binding and receptor transition steps. The 5-HT3 receptor currents were inhibited by amitriptyline in a concentration-dependent, voltage-independent manner, and a competitive mode. Amitriptyline accelerated the desensitization of the 5-HT3 receptor. When amitriptyline was applied before 5-HT treatment, the currents rose slowly until the end of 5-HT treatment. When amitriptyline was co-applied with 5-HT, currents rose and decayed rapidly. Peak current amplitudes were decreased in both applications. All macroscopic currents recorded in whole cell voltage clamping experiments were reproduced by simulation and the changes of rate constants by amitriptyline were correlated with macroscopic current recording data. These results suggest that amitriptyline blocks the 5-HT3 receptor by close and open state blocking mechanisms, in a competitive manner. We could expand an understanding of pharmacological mechanisms of amitriptyline related to the modulation of a 5-HT3 receptor, a potential target of neurologic and psychiatric diseases through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Myeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Wug Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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20
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Żmudzka E, Sałaciak K, Sapa J, Pytka K. Serotonin receptors in depression and anxiety: Insights from animal studies. Life Sci 2018; 210:106-124. [PMID: 30144453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin regulates many physiological processes including sleep, appetite, and mood. Thus, serotonergic system is an important target in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. This natural neurotransmitter interacts with 7 families of its receptors (5-HT1-7), which cause a variety of pharmacological effects. Using genetically modified animals and selective or preferential agonists and antagonist, numerous studies demonstrated the involvement of almost all serotonin receptor subtypes in antidepressant- or anxiolytic-like effects. In this review, based on animal studies, we discuss the possible involvement of serotonin receptor subtypes in depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Xu X, Wei Y, Guo Q, Zhao S, Liu Z, Xiao T, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Hou Y, Zhang G, Wang K. Pharmacological Characterization of H05, a Novel Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor with Moderate 5-HT 2A Antagonist Activity for the Treatment of Depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:624-635. [PMID: 29615471 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multitarget antidepressants selectively inhibiting monoaminergic transporters and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptor have demonstrated higher efficacy and fewer side effects than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In the present study, we synthesized a series of novel 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yloxy)-3-arylpropyl amine derivatives, among which compound H05 was identified as a lead, exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on both serotonin (Ki = 4.81 nM) and norepinephrine (NE) (Ki = 6.72 nM) transporters and moderate 5-HT2A antagonist activity (IC50 = 60.37 nM). H05 was able to dose-dependently reduce the immobility duration in mouse forced swimming test and tail suspension test, with the minimal effective doses lower than those of duloxetine, and showed no stimulatory effect on locomotor activity. The administration of H05 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, by mouth) significantly shortened the immobility time of adrenocorticotropin-treated rats that serve as a model of treatment-resistant depression, whereas imipramine (30 mg/kg, by mouth) and duloxetine (30 mg/kg, by mouth) showed no obvious effects. Chronic treatment with H05 reversed the depressive-like behaviors in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress and a mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression. Microdialysis analysis revealed that the administration of H05 at either 10 or 20 mg/kg increased the release of 5-HT and NE from the frontal cortex. The pharmacokinetic (PK) and brain penetration analyses suggest that H05 has favorable PK properties with good blood-brain penetration ability. Therefore, it can be concluded that H05, a novel serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor with 5-HT2A antagonist activity, possesses efficacious activity in the preclinical models of depression and treatment-resistant depression, and it may warrant further evaluation for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Yaqin Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Yani Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Yinli Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.X., T.X., K.W.); School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Y.W.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., K.W.)
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Perez-Palomar B, Mollinedo-Gajate I, Berrocoso E, Meana JJ, Ortega JE. Serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonism potentiates the antidepressant activity of citalopram. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:491-502. [PMID: 29477299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor (5HT3R) in the locus coeruleus (LC), the principal somatodendritic noradrenergic area, decreases LC firing activity and noradrenaline (NA) release in prefrontal cortex (PFC). Blockade of 5HT3R in coadministration with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been proposed as a potential strategy to accelerate the onset of action of SSRIs. Dual-probe microdialysis in rats was used to evaluate the involvement of 5HT3R in the in vivo effect exerted by the SSRI citalopram on NA release. Besides, forced swimming test (FST) was carried out in mice to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of citalopram in combination with a 5HT3R antagonist (Y25130). Systemic administration of the 5HT3R agonist SR57227 (10 mg/kg i.p.) increased NA in LC (Emax = 200 ± 27%) and PFC (Emax = 133 ± 2%). The increase in PFC was enhanced in local presence into LC of Y25130 (50 μM) (Emax = 296 ± 41%) suggesting an inhibitory function on NA release exerted by the activation of 5HT3R located in somatodendritic areas. Citalopram administration (10 mg/kg i.p.) increased NA in LC (Emax = 185 ± 11%) and decreased it in PFC (Emax = -35 ± 7%). Intra-LC (50 μM) or systemic co-administration of Y25130 (10 mg/kg i.p.) with citalopram (10 mg/kg i.p.) switched NA release in the PFC from an inhibition to a stimulatory effect. In mice FST, systemic coadministration of citalopram (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) and Y25130 (10 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the decrease of immobility time through the increase of both swimming and climbing behaviours. These results suggest that the addition of a 5HT3R antagonist to SSRIs could represent a feasible strategy to improve antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Perez-Palomar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Irene Mollinedo-Gajate
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain; Biocruces Health Research Institute, Spain
| | - Jorge E Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain; Biocruces Health Research Institute, Spain.
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Sparling BA, DiMauro EF. Progress in the discovery of small molecule modulators of the Cys-loop superfamily receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3207-3218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bhatt S, Mahesh R, Devadoss T, Jindal A. Neuropharmacological evaluation of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (6g) on lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety models in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:101-106. [PMID: 27664773 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-HT3 receptor antagonists play a key role in the management of psychiatric disorders such as, depression and anxiety. They may act through modulation of serotonergic transmission. In the present study, a novel and potential 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, 6g (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone, which exhibited good log P (3.08) and pA2 (7.5) values was screened for its anxiolytic property in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced anxiety models. METHODS LPS, an endotoxin, present in the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria was injected 0.83 mg/kg, i.p. as a single dose to induce anxiety-like symptoms in mice. Compound 6g (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard fluoxetine (FLX) (20 mg/kg, p.o.) were injected to treatment groups for 7 days and evaluated in various behavioral paradigms such as elevated plus maze (EPM), light and dark (L/D) test, and open field test (OFT). Their effects on serotonin levels in mice brain were also examined. RESULTS The results showed that LPS induced anxiety-like symptoms in mice, as indicated by a significantly decreased percentage open arm entries and percentage time spent in open arms in EPM; decreased time spent in light area and number of transition between chambers in L/D test; decreased ambulation and rearing scores in OFT. Compound 6g (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) and FLX treatment (20 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) reversed the LPS-induced behavioral changes and significantly affected all the behavioral parameters mentioned above. In addition 6g (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) and FLX treatment (20 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) increased the levels of serotonin in mice brain. CONCLUSIONS Compound 6g produced anxiolytic-like effects in various anxiety paradigms in LPS-treated mice as well as restored the decreased serotonin levels in mice brain.
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25
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Bhatt S, Mahesh R, Jindal A, Devadoss T. Neuropharmacological and neurochemical evaluation of N-n-propyl-3-ethoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxamide (6n): a novel serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for co-morbid antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like potential using traumatic brain injury model in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:93-100. [PMID: 27662644 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several preclinical studies have shown that serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonists play an important role in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. In the present study the compound "6n" (N-n-propyl-3-ethoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxamide), a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with an optimal log P (2.52) and pA2 (7.6) value was screened for its neuro-pharmacological potential in chronic rodent models of depression and anxiety named traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS In this model, a 1 cm midline scalp incision was made, and the muscles were retracted to expose the skull. A stainless steel disc (10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) was placed centrally between the lambda and bregma regions. The injury was induced using the impact acceleration model of TBI. Specifically, a 400 g metal weight was dropped from a height of 1 m guided by a straight pipe, onto the metal disc placed over the rat's skull. RESULTS The behavioral anomalies of the TBI rats were attenuated by the chronic treatment of compound 6n (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o.; 14 days) as observed by the modified open field test (ambulation, rearing, and fecal pellet), sucrose consumption test (% sucrose consumption), elevated plus maze [% open arm entries [OAE] and % time spent in open arm (TSOA)], and marble burying test (numbers). In addition, 6n also increased the levels of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and serotonin) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in TBI rats. CONCLUSIONS The result suggests that compound 6n exhibited antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in rodent models of depression and anxiety.
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Manchia M, Carpiniello B, Valtorta F, Comai S. Serotonin Dysfunction, Aggressive Behavior, and Mental Illness: Exploring the Link Using a Dimensional Approach. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:961-972. [PMID: 28378993 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive individuals have higher rates of mental illness compared to non-aggressive individuals. Multiple factors, including psychosocial, genetic, and neurobiological determinants modulate the liability to both aggressive behavior and mental illness. Concerning the latter factors, multiple lines of evidence have shown a dysfunction in the serotonin (5-HT) system occurring in aggressive and in mentally ill individuals. In particular, reduced 5-HT activity has been associated with depression as well as with aggressive behavior, especially with impulsive aggression. Consistently, psychopharmacological interventions aimed at boosting the 5-HT system (e.g., with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a high percentage of patients with either or both pathological conditions. Current knowledge does not yet allow to clearly disentangle whether 5-HT dysfunction, most often a 5-HT deficiency, is the cause or the consequence of the aggressive/violent behavior, of the underlying mental disease/s, or the expression of the comorbidity. Future studies are thus needed to clarify the association between changes in 5-HT levels, altered activity of 5-HT receptors and their intracellular signaling cascades, and modifications of 5-HT genes, and in particular the neurobiological link between the altered 5-HT machinery and aggressive behavior in the context or in the absence of mental illness. In this Review, we employ a dimensional approach to discuss the trivariate relationship among the 5-HT system, aggressive behavior, and mental illness, focusing our attention on 5-HT levels, 5-HT receptors, metabolic enzymes, and their genes. Emphasis is given to controversial findings, still unanswered questions, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry,
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry,
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Comai
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
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27
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Kurhe Y, Mahesh R, Devadoss T. Novel 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist QCM-4 attenuates depressive-like phenotype associated with obesity in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1165-1179. [PMID: 28238069 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression associated with obesity remains an interesting area to study the biological mechanisms and novel therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the effect of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist 3-methoxy-N-p-tolylquinoxalin-2-carboxamide (QCM-4) on several pathogenic markers of depression associated with obesity such as plasma insulin resistance, hippocampal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, hippocampal neuronal damage, and p53 protein expression in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS Obesity was experimentally induced in mice by feeding with HFD for 14 weeks followed by administration of QCM-4 (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o.)/standard escitalopram (ESC) (10 mg/kg, p.o.)/vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. Behavioral assays such as sucrose preference test (SPT); forced swim test (FST); elevated plus maze (EPM); biochemical assays including oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), insulin, cAMP, BDNF, and 5-HT concentrations; and molecular assays mainly histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of p53 protein in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, and CA3 regions of hippocampus in HFD fed mice were performed. RESULTS Chronic treatment with QCM-4 in HFD-fed mice reversed the behavioral alterations in SPT, FST, and EPM. QCM-4 showed poor sensitivity for plasma glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, increased hippocampal cAMP, BDNF, and 5-HT concentrations. In the hippocampal DG, CA1, and CA3 regions, QCM-4 treatment improved the neuronal morphology in the histopathology and inhibited p53 protein expression in IHC assay in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSION QCM-4 attenuated the depressive-like phenotype in HFD-fed mice by improving behavioral, biochemical, and molecular alterations through serotonergic neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshwant Kurhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| | - R Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Thangaraj Devadoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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David DJ, Tritschler L, Guilloux JP, Gardier AM, Sanchez C, Gaillard R. [Pharmacological properties of vortioxetine and its pre-clinical consequences]. Encephale 2016; 42:1S12-23. [PMID: 26879252 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-7006(16)30015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are extensively used for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). SSRIs are defined as indirect receptor agonists since the activation of postsynaptic receptors is a consequence of an increase in extracellular concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) mediated by the blockade of serotonin transporter. The activation of some serotoninergic receptors (5-HT1A, post-synaptic, 5-HT1B post-synaptic, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT4), but not all (5-HT1A, pre-synaptic, 5-HT1B pre-synaptic, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, and probably 5-HT6), induces anxiolytic/antidepressive - like effects. Targetting specifically some of them could potentially improve the onset of action and/or efficacy and/or prevent MD relapse. Vortioxetine (Brintellix, 1- [2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl-sulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazine) is a novel multi-target antidepressant drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by European Medicines Agency. Its properties are markedly different from the extensively prescribed SSRIs. Compared to the SSRIs, vortioxetine is defined as a multimodal antidepressant drug since it is not only a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but also a 5-HT1D, 5-HT3, 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. This specific pharmacological profile enables vortioxetine to affect not only the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems, but also the histaminergic, cholinergic, gamma-butyric acid (GABA) ergic and glutamatergic ones. Thus, vortioxetine not only induces antidepressant-like or anxiolytic-like activity but also improves cognitive parameters in several animal models. Indeed, vortioxetine was shown to improve working memory, episodic memory, cognitive flexibility and spatial memory in young adult rodents and also in old animal models. These specific effects of the vortioxetine are of interest considering that cognitive dysfunction is a common comorbidity to MDD. Altogether, even though this molecule still needs to be investigated further, especially in the insufficient-response to antidepressant drugs, vortioxetine is already an innovative therapeutic option for the treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J David
- Inserm UMR-S 1178 Santé Mentale et Santé Publique, Université Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France; DJD et LT ont contribué de façon équivalente à l'élaboration du manuscrit
| | - L Tritschler
- Inserm UMR-S 1178 Santé Mentale et Santé Publique, Université Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France; DJD et LT ont contribué de façon équivalente à l'élaboration du manuscrit
| | - J-P Guilloux
- Inserm UMR-S 1178 Santé Mentale et Santé Publique, Université Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - A M Gardier
- Inserm UMR-S 1178 Santé Mentale et Santé Publique, Université Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - C Sanchez
- Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., 215 College Road, 07652 Paramus, NJ, United States
| | - R Gaillard
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire - Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75674 Paris cedex 14, France.
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30
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Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Amini-Khoei H, Rahimi-Balaei M, Kordjazy N, Olson CO, Rastegar M, Naserzadeh P, Marzban H, Dehpour AR, Hosseini MJ, Samiei E, Mehr SE. Attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress in cortical area associates with antidepressant-like effects of tropisetron in male mice following social isolation stress. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:150-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Orsolini L, Tomasetti C, Valchera A, Iasevoli F, Buonaguro EF, Vellante F, Fornaro M, Fiengo A, Mazza M, Vecchiotti R, Perna G, de Bartolomeis A, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M, De Berardis D. New advances in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:483-95. [PMID: 27050932 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1173545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a persistent condition characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, mainly comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Currently, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatment of GAD. However, some patients may not respond to the treatment or discontinue due to adverse effects. Vortioxetine (VRX) is a multimodal antidepressant with a unique mechanism of action, by acting as 5-HT3A, 5-HT1D and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, partial agonist at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors and inhibitor at the 5-HT transporter. Preliminary clinical trials showed contrasting findings in terms of improvement of the anxiety symptomatology and/or cognitive impairment. Here, we aim to systematically review the evidence currently available on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of VRX in the treatment of GAD. The generalizability of results on the efficacy of VRX in patients with anxiety symptomatology and GAD is limited due to few and contrasting RCTs so far available. Only two studies, of which one prevention relapse trial, reported a significant improvement in anxiety symptomatology compared to three with negative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- a School of Life and Medical Sciences , University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield , UK.,b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital , Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.,c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,e NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'Maria SS dello Splendore' , Giulianova , Italy.,f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital , Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.,c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,g NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini' , Teramo , Italy.,h Department of Neuroscience and Imaging , University 'G. d'Annunzio' , Chieti , Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | | | - Monica Mazza
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,j Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Roberta Vecchiotti
- b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital , Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.,c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,k Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Villa San Benedetto Menni , Albese con Cassano , Como , Italy.,l Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida , USA
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | | | - Domenico De Berardis
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,g NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini' , Teramo , Italy.,i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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Haj-Mirzaian A, Kordjazy N, Amiri S, Haj-Mirzaian A, Amini-Khoei H, Ostadhadi S, Dehpour A. Involvement of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of tropisetron and ondansetron in mice forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:71-81. [PMID: 27001377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant-like effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 3 (5-HT3) antagonists including tropisetron and ondansetron have been previously demonstrated in the literature. It was reported that stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors activate the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway, which is involved in regulation of behavioral and emotional functions. In our study, treating animals with tropisetron (5, 10, and 30mg/kg) and ondansetron (0.01 and 0.1µg/kg) significantly decreased the immobility time in forced swimming test (FST) and tail-suspension test (TST). Co-administration of subeffective doses of tropisetron (1mg/kg) and ondansetron (0.001µg/kg) with subeffective dose of l-NAME (10mg/kg, nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor) and 7-nitroindazole (25mg/kg, neural NOS inhibitor) exerted antidepressant-like effect in FST and TST, while aminoguanidine (50mg/kg, inducible NOS inhibitor) did not enhance the antidepressant-like effect of 5-HT3 antagonists. Besides, l-arginine (750mg/kg, NO precursor) and sildenafil (5mg/kg, phosphodiesterase inhibitor) suppressed the anti-immobility effect of 5-HT3 antagonists. None of the treatments altered the locomotor behavior of mice in open-field test. Also, hippocampal (but not cortical) nitrite level was significantly lower in tropisetron and ondansetron-treated mice compared with saline-injected mice. Also, co-administration of 7-nitroindazole with tropisetron or ondansetron caused a significant decrease in hippocampal nitrite levels. In conclusion, we suggest that antidepressant-like effect of tropisetron and ondansetron are partially mediated by modulation of NO-cGMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Kordjazy
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossien Amini-Khoei
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Ostadhadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - AhmadReza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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Gupta D, Prabhakar V, Radhakrishnan M. 5HT3 receptors: Target for new antidepressant drugs. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:311-25. [PMID: 26976353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
5HT3 receptors (5HT3Rs) have long been identified as a potential target for antidepressants. Several studies have reported that antagonism of 5HT3Rs produces antidepressant-like effects. However, the exact role of 5HT3Rs and the mode of antidepressant action of 5HT3R antagonists still remain a mystery. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of 5HT3Rs: (a) regional and subcellular distribution of 5HT3Rs in discrete brain regions, (b) preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the antidepressant effect of 5HT3R antagonists, and (c) neurochemical, biological and neurocellular signaling pathways associated with the antidepressant action of 5HT3R antagonists. 5HT3Rs located on the serotonergic and other neurotransmitter interneuronal projections control their release and affect mood and emotional behavior; however, new evidence suggests that apart from modulating the neurotransmitter functions, 5HT3R antagonists have protective effects in the pathogenic events including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis hyperactivity, brain oxidative stress and impaired neuronal plasticity, pointing to hereby unknown and novel mechanisms of their antidepressant action. Nonetheless, further investigations are warranted to establish the exact role of 5HT3Rs in depression and antidepressant action of 5HT3R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Visakh Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Mahesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Kordjazy N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Ostadhadi S, Amini-khoei H, Dehpour AR. Involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 antagonists in mouse forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 141:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Köhler S, Cierpinsky K, Kronenberg G, Adli M. The serotonergic system in the neurobiology of depression: Relevance for novel antidepressants. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:13-22. [PMID: 26464458 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115609072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine hypothesis of depression posits that an imbalance in monoaminergic neurotransmission is causally related to the clinical features of depression. Antidepressants influencing serotonin mainly aim at raising serotonin concentrations, thereby increasing serotonergic transmission at the level of the synapse, for example by inhibiting the serotonin transporter. However, the serotonin system is multifaceted. Different serotonin receptor subtypes turn the serotonergic system into a complex neurochemical arrangement that influences diverse neurotransmitters in various brain regions. Classical antidepressants as well as other psychopharmacological agents have various crucial effects on serotonin receptors. We aim at providing a clinically useful characterization of serotonin receptor subtypes in the treatment of depression. Clarifying the mode of action and the interplay of serotonin receptors with pharmacological agents should help antidepressant mechanisms and typical side effects to be better understood. Against this background, we feature the novel antidepressants vortioxetine, vilazodone and milnacipran/levomilnacipran with regard to their serotonin receptor targets such as the 5-HT1A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 which may account for their specific effects on certain symptoms of depression (e.g. cognition and anxiety) as well as a characteristic side-effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Köhler
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Cierpinsky
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mazda Adli
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany Fliedner Clinic Berlin and Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Gupta D, Thangaraj D, Radhakrishnan M. A novel 5HT3 antagonist 4i (N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)quinoxalin-2-carboxamide) prevents diabetes-induced depressive phenotypes in mice: Modulation of serotonergic system. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:41-50. [PMID: 26454237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the presence of a multitudinous pharmacotherapy, diabetes-induced depressive disorder remains undertreated. Evidence suggests that brain serotonergic deficits are associated with depressive-like behavior in diabetes and that 5HT3 receptor (5HT3R) antagonists have serotonergic facilitatory effects. This study examined the effects of a novel 5HT3R antagonist, 4i (N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)quinoxalin-2-carboxamide), in diabetes-induced depressive phenotypes. Experimentally, (1) to evaluate the effects of 4i, mice with 8-weeks of diabetes (induced by streptozotocin, 200mg/kg, i.p.) were treated with vehicle, 4i (0.5 and 1mg/kg/day, i.p.), fluoxetine (10mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 4-weeks and subjected to neurobehavioral assays, followed by biochemical estimation of serotonin levels in midbrain, prefrontal-cortex and cerebellum. (2) To evaluate the role of 5HT3R in the postulated effect of 4i, diabetic mice were given 4i (1mg/kg/day, i.p.) after 1h of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (mCPBG, a 5HT3R agonist, 10mg/kg/day, i.p.) treatment and subjected to the same protocol. The results showed that diabetic mice exhibited a significant behavioral deficit, including depression-like behavior in forced swim test, anxiety-like in open field test and sociability deficits in social interaction test, along with a significant decrease in serotonin level in these brain regions. 4i (1mg/kg), similar to fluoxetine, prevented these behavioral abnormalities and normalized brain serotonin levels. 4i (0.5mg/kg) ameliorated only diabetes-induced depressive-like behavior and serotonin deficits, but not anxiety-like effects. mCPBG blunted 4i-mediated behavioral response and increase in brain serotonin levels. Altogether, this study suggests that 4i prevents diabetes-induced depressive phenotypes in mice, which may involve antagonism of 5HT3Rs and increase in serotonin levels in discrete brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Devadoss Thangaraj
- KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijaywada, Andhra Pradesh 520001, India
| | - Mahesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Kurhe Y, Mahesh R. Mechanisms linking depression co-morbid with obesity: An approach for serotonergic type 3 receptor antagonist as novel therapeutic intervention. Asian J Psychiatr 2015; 17:3-9. [PMID: 26243683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite of the enormous research, therapeutic treatment for depression has always been a serious issue. Even though depression and obesity are individual abnormal health conditions, each act as a triggering factor for the other. Obese individuals are twice prone to develop depression than that of non-obese persons. The exact mechanism how obesity increases the risk for depression still remains an area of interest for research in neuropsychopharmacology. Depression and obesity share some common pathological pathways such as hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, dysregulation of oxidant/antioxidant system balance, higher level of inflammatory cytokines, leptin resistance, altered plasma glucose, insulin resistance, reduced neuronal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and decreased serotonergic neurotransmission in various regions of brain. The antidepressant-like effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists through allosteric modulation of serotonergic pathways is well evident from several research investigations belonging to our and some in other laboratories. Furthermore, serotonin regulates diet intake, leptin, corticosterone, inflammatory mechanisms, altered plasma glucose, insulin resistance and BDNF concentration in brain. The present review deals with various biological mechanisms involved in depression co-morbid with obesity and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists by modulation of serotonergic system as a therapeutic target for such co-morbid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshwant Kurhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Kurhe Y, Mahesh R, Gupta D, Thangaraj D. Effect of (4a) a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice: an approach using behavioral tests battery. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 26:25-33. [PMID: 24706431 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inconsistent therapeutic outcome necessitates designing and identifying novel therapeutic interventions for depression. Hence, the present study deals with the investigation of antidepressant-like effects of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl) (quinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (4a) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. METHODS Animals were subjected to different stressors for a period of 28 days. On day 15 after the subsequent stress procedure, mice were administered with (4a) (2 and 4 mg/kg p.o.), escitalopram (10 mg/kg p.o.), or vehicle (10 mL/kg p.o.) until day 28 along with the CUMS. Thereafter, behavioral battery tests like locomotor score, sucrose preference test, forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) were performed. Biochemical assays like lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in the mice brain homogenate. RESULTS (4a) Dose dependently attenuated the behavioral alterations by increasing the sucrose consumption, reducing the immobility time in FST and TST, increasing the open arm number of entries and time in EPM. Furthermore, biochemical alterations were reversed by (4a) as examined by reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and elevated antioxidant enzyme levels like GSH, catalase and SOD. CONCLUSIONS (4a) exhibits antidepressant potential by reversing the CUMS induced behavioral and biochemical changes in mice.
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Kurhe Y, Mahesh R. Ondansetron attenuates co-morbid depression and anxiety associated with obesity by inhibiting the biochemical alterations and improving serotonergic neurotransmission. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 136:107-16. [PMID: 26188166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In our earlier study we reported the antidepressant activity of ondansetron in obese mice. The present study investigates the effect of ondansetron on depression and anxiety associated with obesity in experimental mice with biochemical evidences. Male Swiss albino mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 14weeks to induce obesity. Then the subsequent treatment with ondansetron (0.5 and 1mg/kg, p.o.), classical antidepressant escitalopram (ESC) (10mg/kg, p.o.) and vehicle (distilled water 10ml/kg, p.o.) was given once daily for 28days. Behavioral assay for depression including sucrose preference test, forced swim test (FST) and anxiety such as light dark test (LDT) and hole board test (HBT) were performed in obese mice. Furthermore, in biochemical estimations oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), plasma leptin, insulin, corticosterone, brain oxidative stress marker malonaldehyde (MDA), antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) and serotonin assays were performed. Results indicated that HFD fed obese mice showed severe depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Chronic treatment with ondansetron inhibited the co-morbid depression and anxiety in obese mice by increasing sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test and reducing the immobility time in FST, increasing time and transitions of light chamber in LDT, improving head dip and crossing scores in HBT compared to HFD control mice. Ondansetron in obese mice inhibited glucose sensitivity in OGTT, improved plasma leptin and insulin sensitivity, reversed hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity by reducing the corticosterone concentration, restored brain pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant balance by inhibiting MDA and elevating GSH concentrations and facilitated serotonergic neurotransmission. In conclusion, ondansetron reversed the co-morbid depression and anxiety associated with obesity in experimental mice by attenuating the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshwant Kurhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Kourikou A, Karamanolis GP, Dimitriadis GD, Triantafyllou K. Gene polymorphisms associated with functional dyspepsia. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7672-7682. [PMID: 26167069 PMCID: PMC4491956 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a constellation of functional upper abdominal complaints with poorly elucidated pathophysiology. However, there is increasing evidence that susceptibility to FD is influenced by hereditary factors. Genetic association studies in FD have examined genotypes related to gastrointestinal motility or sensation, as well as those related to inflammation or immune response. G-protein b3 subunit gene polymorphisms were first reported as being associated with FD. Thereafter, several gene polymorphisms including serotonin transporter promoter, interlukin-17F, migration inhibitory factor, cholecystocynine-1 intron 1, cyclooxygenase-1, catechol-o-methyltransferase, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, p22PHOX, Toll like receptor 2, SCN10A, CD14 and adrenoreceptors have been investigated in relation to FD; however, the results are contradictory. Several limitations underscore the value of current studies. Among others, inconsistencies in the definitions of FD and controls, subject composition differences regarding FD subtypes, inadequate samples, geographical and ethnical differences, as well as unadjusted environmental factors. Further well-designed studies are necessary to determine how targeted genes polymorphisms, influence the clinical manifestations and potentially the therapeutic response in FD.
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Okamoto K, Katagiri A, Rahman M, Thompson R, Bereiter DA. Inhibition of temporomandibular joint input to medullary dorsal horn neurons by 5HT3 receptor antagonist in female rats. Neuroscience 2015; 299:35-44. [PMID: 25913635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Repeated forced swim (FS) conditioning enhances nociceptive responses to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stimulation in female rats. The basis for FS-induced TMJ hyperalgesia remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that serotonin 3 receptor (5HT3R) mechanisms contribute to enhanced TMJ nociception after FS, ovariectomized female rats were treated with estradiol and subjected to FS for three days. On day 4, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and TMJ-responsive neurons were recorded from superficial and deep laminae at the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical (Vc/C1-2) region and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the masseter muscle. Only Vc/C1-2 neurons activated by intra-TMJ injections of ATP were included for further analysis. Although neurons in both superficial and deep laminae were activated by ATP, only neurons in deep laminae displayed enhanced responses after FS. Local application of the 5HT3R antagonist, ondansetron (OND), at the Vc/C1-2 region reduced the ATP-evoked responses of neurons in superficial and deep laminae and reduced the EMG response in both sham and FS rats. OND also decreased the spontaneous firing rate of neurons in deep laminae and reduced the high-threshold convergent cutaneous receptive field area of neurons in superficial and deep laminae in both sham and FS rats. These results revealed that central application of a 5HT3R antagonist, had widespread effects on the properties of TMJ-responsive neurons at the Vc/C1-2 region and on jaw muscle reflexes under sham and FS conditions. It is concluded that 5HT3R does not play a unique role in mediating stress-induced hyperalgesia related to TMJ nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - A Katagiri
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - M Rahman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - R Thompson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - D A Bereiter
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Gupta D, Radhakrishnan M, Thangaraj D, Kurhe Y. Pharmacological evaluation of novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, QCM-13 (N-cyclohexyl-3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamide) as anti-anxiety agent in behavioral test battery. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:103-8. [PMID: 25883513 PMCID: PMC4399007 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In the last few decades, serotonin type-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists have been identified as potential targets for anxiety disorders. In preclinical studies, 5-HT3 antagonists have shown promising antianxiety effects. In this study, a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, QCM-13(N-cyclohexyl-3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamide) was evaluated for anxiolytic-like activity in rodent behavioral test battery. Materials and Methods: Mice were given QCM-13 (2 and 4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle and after 30 min, mice were subjected to four validated behavioral test batteries viz. elevated plus maze, hole board, light-dark and open field tests. Interaction study of QCM-13 with m-chlorophenyl piperazine (mCPP) (mCPP, a 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and buspirone (BUS, a partial 5-HT1A agonist, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) were performed to assess the pharmacological mechanism of the drug. Results: QCM-13 expressed potential anxiolytic effect with significant (P < 0.05) increase in behavioral parameters measured in aforementioned preliminary models. Besides, QCM-13 was unable to reverse the anxiogenic effect of mCPP, but potentiated anxiolytic affect of BUS. Conclusion: The results suggest that QCM-13 can be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of anxiety-like disorders and combination doses of novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with standard anxiolytics may improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Devadoss Thangaraj
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yeshwant Kurhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Gupta D, Radhakrishnan M, Kurhe Y. Effect of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist 4i, in corticosterone-induced depression-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice. Steroids 2015; 96:95-102. [PMID: 25668613 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress in our daily life severely affects the normal physiology of the biological system. Dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the development of depression-like behavior, which remains under diagnosed and poorly treated. Exogenous corticosterone (CORT) administration has been demonstrated to develop a depression model, which has shown to mimic HPA-axis induced depression-like state in rodents. In the present study, the effect of a novel 5HT3 receptor, 4i was examined on CORT induced depression in mice. CORT (30mg/kg, subcutaneously) was given for 4-weeks to mice in control group, while mice in drug treated group were given 4i (0.5-1mg/kg, intraperitoneally)/fluoxetine (as a positive control, 10mg/kg), for the last 2-weeks of CORT dosing. Repeated CORT dosing caused depression-like behavior in mice as indicated by increased despair effects in forced swim test (FST) and anhedonia in sucrose preference test. In addition, CORT administration induced oxidative load in the brain with significant increase in pro-oxidant (lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels) markers and a substantial decline in anti-oxidant defense (catalase and reduced glutathione levels) system, indicating a direct effect of stress hormones in the induction of the brain oxidative damage. On the other hand, 4i and fluoxetine treatment reversed the CORT induced depressive-like deficits. Furthermore, 4i and fluoxetine prevented CORT induced oxidative brain insults, which may plausibly demonstrate one of the key mechanisms for antidepressant-like effects of the compounds. Thus, the study suggests that 5HT3 antagonist; 4i may be implicated as pharmacological intervention targeting depressive-like anomaly associated with HPA-axis dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Mahesh Radhakrishnan
- Faculty Affairs and Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Yeshwant Kurhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Ostadhadi S, Kordjazy N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Mansouri P, Dehpour AR. 5-HT3 receptors antagonists reduce serotonin-induced scratching in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:310-5. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Ostadhadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Nastaran Kordjazy
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Skin and Stem cell Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Citrome L. Vilazodone, levomilnacipran and vortioxetine for major depressive disorder: the 15-min challenge to sort these agents out. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:151-5. [PMID: 25627335 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Citrome
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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Dhar AK, Mahesh R, Jindal A, Bhatt S. Piperazine Analogs of Naphthyridine-3-carboxamides and Indole-2-carboxamides: Novel 5-HT3Receptor Antagonists with Antidepressant-Like Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:34-45. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya K. Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy; FD-III; Birla Institute of Technology & Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy; FD-III; Birla Institute of Technology & Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Ankur Jindal
- School of Medicine; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque USA
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy; FD-III; Birla Institute of Technology & Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
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Gupta D, Radhakrishnan M, Kurhe Y, Thangaraj D, Prabhakar V, Kanade P. Antidepressant-like effects of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist 6z in acute and chronic murine models of depression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1493-503. [PMID: 25418380 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the antidepressant-like effects of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamide (6z) in acute and chronic murine models of depression. METHODS 5-HT3 receptor antagonism was examined in guinea pig ileum in vitro. A tail suspension test (TST) was used as acute depression model to evaluate the antidepressant-like behavior in mice treated with 6z (0.5-2 mg/kg, ip). In chronic depression model, mice were exposed to a 4-week chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol, and treated with 6z (0.5-2 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po) or a positive drug fluoxetine (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po) in the last 2 weeks, followed by behavioral and biochemical assessments. RESULTS The 5-HT3 receptor antagonism of 6z (pA2=7.4) in guinea pig ileum was more potent than that of a standard 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (pA2=6.9). In acute depression model, 6z administration significantly decreased the immobility duration. In chronic depression model, 6z administration reversed CUS-induced depressive-like behavior, as evidenced by increased immobility duration in the forced swim test and sucrose preference in the sucrose preference test. Furthermore, chronic administration of 6z prevented CUS-induced brain oxidative stress, with significant reduction of pro-oxidant markers and elevation of antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, chronic administration of 6z attenuated CUS-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, as shown by reduced plasma corticosterone levels. Similar results were observed in the fluoxetine-treated group. CONCLUSION 6z is a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with potential antidepressant-like activities, which may be related to modulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and attenuating brain oxidative damage.
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Bhatt S, Radhakrishnan M, Jindal A, Devadoss T, Dhar AK. Neuropharmacological evaluation of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (6g) on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced changes in behavioural and brain oxidative stress parameters in mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46:191-6. [PMID: 24741192 PMCID: PMC3987189 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.129316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel 5 HT3 receptor antagonist (6g) on chronic stress induced changes in behavioural and brain oxidative stress parameter in mice. A complicated relationship exists among stressful stimuli, body's reaction to stress and the onset of clinical depression. Chronic unpredictable stressors can produce a situation similar to human depression, and such animal models can be used for the preclinical evaluation of antidepressants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, a novel and potential 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (6g) with good Log P (3.08) value and pA 2(7.5) values, synthesized in our laboratory was investigated to study the effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced behavioural and biochemical alterations in mice. Mice were subjected to different stress paradigms daily for a period of 28 days to induce depressive-like behaviour. RESULTS The results showed that CUMS caused depression-like behaviour in mice, as indicated by the significant (P < 0.05) decrease in sucrose consumption and locomotor activity and increase in immobility the forced swim test. In addition, it was found that lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, whereas glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in brain tissue of CUMS-treated mice. '6g' (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o., 21 days) and fluoxetine treatment (20 mg/kg, p.o., 21 days) significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the CUMS-induced behavioural (increased immobility period, reduced sucrose preference and decreased locomotor activity) and biochemical (increased lipid peroxidation; decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities). However fluoxetine treatment (20 mg/kg, p.o., 21 days) significantly decreased the nitrite level in the brain while '6g' (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o., 21 days) did not show significant (P < 0.05) effect on the nitrite levels in brain. CONCLUSION Compound '6g' exerted antidepressant-like effects in behavioural despair paradigm in chronically stressed mice by restoring antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shvetank Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankur Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Thangaraj Devadoss
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arghya Kusum Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Kurhe Y, Mahesh R, Devadoss T. QCM-4, a 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist ameliorates plasma HPA axis hyperactivity, leptin resistance and brain oxidative stress in depression and anxiety-like behavior in obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:74-9. [PMID: 25446100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several preclinical studies have revealed antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. In our earlier study, we have reported the antidepressive-like effect of 3-methoxy-N-p-tolylquinoxalin-2-carboxamide (QCM-4) in obese mice subjected to chronic stress. The present study deals with the biochemical mechanisms associated with depression co-morbid with obesity. Mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks, further subjected for treatment with QCM-4 (1 and 2mg/kg p.o.) and standard antidepressant escitalopram (ESC) (10mg/kg p.o.) for 28 days. Behavioral assays for depression such as sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST) and for anxiety such as light and dark test (LDT) and hole board test (HBT) were performed in obese mice. Biochemical assessments including plasma leptin and corticosterone concentration followed by brain oxidative stress parameters malonaldehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were performed. Results confirmed that QCM-4 exhibits antidepressive effect by increasing the sucrose consumption in SPT, reducing immobility time in FST and anxiolytic effect by increasing transitions and time in light chamber in LDT, increasing head dip and crossing score in HBT. Furthermore, QCM-4 attenuated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity by reducing the plasma corticosterone, reversing altered plasma leptin, restoring the imbalance of brain MDA and GSH concentration. In conclusion, QCM-4 showed antidepressive and anxiolytic effect by reversing the behavioral alterations that were supported by biochemical estimations in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshwant Kurhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Thangaraj Devadoss
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Neuropharmacological effect of novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, N-n-propyl-3-ethoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxamide (6n) on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced molecular and cellular response: Behavioural and biochemical evidences. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:804-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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