1
|
Gunderson ML, Heer S, Klahr AC. A Pilot Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Neuroprotective Studies in Female Rodent Models of Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:364-377. [PMID: 36763321 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Most ischemic stroke (IS) patients go untreated due to limited treatment windows, restrictive eligibility criteria, and poor availability of current clinical therapies. Neuroprotective treatments targeting protracted neurodegeneration are needed yet keep failing in clinical trials. Over half of IS patients are female, and the scarcity of neuroprotective studies using female animals hinders translational success. This pilot review and meta-analysis assessed the relationship between the risk of bias and efficacy of studies testing post-ischemic neuroprotective therapies using female rodent models of IS. We carried out a systematic search of the PubMed database for studies published between 1999 and May 2022, used the CAMARADES checklist to evaluate study quality, and extracted data pertaining to lesion volume and behavioral assessment. We found that 34 studies met our inclusion criteria, with pooled effect sizes depicting a significant treatment effect. However, researchers used mostly healthy young females, administered therapies within short time windows, ignored hormonal influences, and did not assess long-term outcomes. Interestingly, studies failing to report factors impacting internal validity, such as blinding and random allocation, had inflated effect sizes or did not reach statistical significance. There was also a relationship between low study quality and larger effect sizes for functional outcome, stressing the need to follow the existing translational design, reporting, and data analysis guidelines. In this review, we cover previous recommendations and offer our own in hopes that rigorous and meticulous research using female animal models of IS will increase our chances of successful bench-to-bedside translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgen L Gunderson
- Department of Social Sciences, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Canada
| | - Sukhmani Heer
- Department of Social Sciences, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Canada
| | - Ana C Klahr
- Department of Social Sciences, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Danciu BM, Oţelea MR, Marincaş MA, Niţescu M, Simionescu AA. Is Spontaneous Preterm Prelabor of Membrane Rupture Irreversible? A Review of Potentially Curative Approaches. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1900. [PMID: 37509539 PMCID: PMC10377155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still no curative treatment for the spontaneous preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (sPPROM), the main cause of premature birth. Here, we summarize the most recent methods and materials used for sealing membranes after sPPROM. A literature search was conducted between 2013 and 2023 on reported newborns after membranes were sealed or on animal or tissue culture models. Fourteen studies describing the outcomes after using an amniopatch, an immunologic sealant, or a mechanical cervical adapter were included. According to these studies, an increase in the volume of amniotic fluid and the lack of chorioamnionitis demonstrate a favorable neonatal outcome, with a lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and early neonatal sepsis, even if sealing is not complete and stable. In vivo and in vitro models demonstrated that amniotic stem cells, in combination with amniocytes, can spontaneously repair small defects; because of the heterogenicity of the data, it is too early to draw a thoughtful conclusion. Future therapies should focus on materials and methods for sealing fetal membranes that are biocompatible, absorbable, available, easy to apply, and easily adherent to the fetal membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Mihaela Danciu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, "Dr. Alfred Rusescu" National Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 127715 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marina Ruxandra Oţelea
- Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Augustin Marincaş
- First Department of Surgery, Bucharest Oncological Institute Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Niţescu
- Preclinical Department 3, Complementary Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Angela Simionescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Fisher M. Improving Large Animal Ischemic Stroke Models for Translational Studies in the Era of Recanalization. Stroke 2023; 54:e16-e19. [PMID: 36503265 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recanalization therapy with endovascular procedures has led to significant advances in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Animal models have been the basis for enhancing the development of novel treatments and therapeutic modalities. However, previous translational failures led to an increasing consensus that large animals should be included to bridge the gap between rodent and human studies. In the era of large vessel recanalization, large animal ischemic stroke models should be optimized for preclinical and translational stroke studies. Here we highlight recent progress of reproducing ischemic and reperfusion mechanisms in large animal models of stroke through surgical and endovascular methods. The importance of optimizing large animal stroke modeling is suggested by evaluating new findings from clinical trials and preclinical experiments using large animals, such as adopting advanced imaging analysis and long-term functional evaluation. Furthermore, we also acknowledge the importance of adhering to the Stroke Treatment and Academic Roundtable recommendations and the "3 R" principles to improve the quality and validity of large animal experiments. Large animal models offer many translational benefits; however, more work is still needed to enhance studies using large animal model on acute ischemic stroke in the era of recanalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China (S.L.)
| | - Marc Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sorby-Adams AJ, Marian OC, Bilecki IM, Elms LE, Camargo J, Hall K, Crowther RG, Leonard AV, Wadsworth GI, Spear JH, Turner RJ, Jones CF. Neurological scoring and gait kinematics to assess functional outcome in an ovine model of ischaemic stroke. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1071794. [PMID: 36891474 PMCID: PMC9986303 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1071794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of functional impairment following ischaemic stroke is essential to determine outcome and efficacy of intervention in both clinical patients and pre-clinical models. Although paradigms are well described for rodents, comparable methods for large animals, such as sheep, remain limited. This study aimed to develop methods to assess function in an ovine model of ischaemic stroke using composite neurological scoring and gait kinematics from motion capture. Methods Merino sheep (n = 26) were anaesthetised and subjected to 2 hours middle cerebral artery occlusion. Animals underwent functional assessment at baseline (8-, 5-, and 1-day pre-stroke), and 3 days post-stroke. Neurological scoring was carried out to determine changes in neurological status. Ten infrared cameras measured the trajectories of 42 retro-reflective markers for calculation of gait kinematics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 3 days post-stroke to determine infarct volume. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC's) were used to assess the repeatability of neurological scoring and gait kinematics across baseline trials. The average of all baselines was used to compare changes in neurological scoring and kinematics at 3 days post-stroke. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationship between neurological score, gait kinematics, and infarct volume post-stroke. Results Neurological scoring was moderately repeatable across baseline trials (ICC > 0.50) and detected marked impairment post-stroke (p < 0.05). Baseline gait measures showed moderate to good repeatability for the majority of assessed variables (ICC > 0.50). Following stroke, kinematic measures indicative of stroke deficit were detected including an increase in stance and stride duration (p < 0.05). MRI demonstrated infarction involving the cortex and/or thalamus (median 2.7 cm3, IQR 1.4 to 11.9). PCA produced two components, although association between variables was inconclusive. Conclusion This study developed repeatable methods to assess function in sheep using composite scoring and gait kinematics, allowing for the evaluation of deficit 3 days post-stroke. Despite utility of each method independently, there was poor association observed between gait kinematics, composite scoring, and infarct volume on PCA. This suggests that each of these measures has discreet utility for the assessment of stroke deficit, and that multimodal approaches are necessary to comprehensively characterise functional impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel J Sorby-Adams
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Oana C Marian
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabella M Bilecki
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Levi E Elms
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Camargo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kelly Hall
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert G Crowther
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna V Leonard
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - George I Wadsworth
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua H Spear
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Renée J Turner
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire F Jones
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Spinal Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A clinically relevant model of focal embolic cerebral ischemia by thrombus and thrombolysis in rhesus monkeys. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2054-2084. [PMID: 35760857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over decades of research into the treatment of stroke, nearly all attempts to translate experimental treatments from discovery in cells and rodents to use in humans have failed. The prevailing belief is that it might be necessary to pretest pharmacological neuroprotection in higher-order brains, especially those of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Over the past few years, chemical thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have been established as the standard of care for ischemic stroke in patients. The spotlight is now shifting towards emphasizing both focal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion in developing a clinically relevant stroke model in NHPs. This protocol describes an embolic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rhesus monkeys. An autologous clot is combined with a microcatheter or microwire through endovascular procedures, and reperfusion is achieved through local intra-artery thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator. These NHP models formed relatively stable infarct sizes, delivered predictable reperfusion and survival outcomes, and recapitulated key characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke as observed on MRI images and behavioral assays. Importantly, treated animals could survive 30 d after the surgery for post-stroke neurologic deficit analyses. Thus far, this model has been used in several translational studies. Here we describe in detail the teamwork necessary for developing stroke models of NHPs, including the preoperation preparations, endovascular surgery, postoperation management and histopathological analysis. The model can be established by the following procedures over a 45-d period, including preparation steps (14 d), endovascular operation (1 d) and evaluation steps (30 d).
Collapse
|
6
|
Boltze J, Perez-Pinzon MA. Focused Update on Stroke Neuroimmunology: Current Progress in Preclinical and Clinical Research and Recent Mechanistic Insight. Stroke 2022; 53:1432-1437. [PMID: 35467998 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Local and systemic inflammation contribute significantly to stroke risk factors as well as determining stroke impact and outcome. Previously being considered as an immuno-privileged domain, the central nervous system is now recognized for multiple and complex interactions with the immune system in health and disease. The sterile inflammatory response emerging after ischemic stroke is a major pathophysiological hallmark and considered to be a promising therapeutic target. Even (mal)adaptive immune responses following stroke, potentially contributing to long-term impact and outcome, are increasingly discussed. However, the complex interaction between the central nervous and the immune system are only partially understood, placing neuroimmunological investigations at the forefront of preclinical and clinical research. This Focused Update summarizes current knowledge in stroke neuroimmunology across all relevant disciplines and discusses major advances as well as recent mechanistic insights. Specifically, neuroimmunological processes and neuroinflammation following ischemic are discussed in the context of blood-brain barrier dysfunction, microglia activation, thromboinflammation, and sex differences in poststroke neuroimmunological responses. The Focused Update further highlights advances in neuroimaging and experimental treatments to visualize and counter neuroinflammatory consequences of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom (J.B.)
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.A.P.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lourbopoulos A, Mourouzis I, Xinaris C, Zerva N, Filippakis K, Pavlopoulos A, Pantos C. Translational Block in Stroke: A Constructive and "Out-of-the-Box" Reappraisal. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:652403. [PMID: 34054413 PMCID: PMC8160233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.652403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Why can we still not translate preclinical research to clinical treatments for acute strokes? Despite > 1000 successful preclinical studies, drugs, and concepts for acute stroke, only two have reached clinical translation. This is the translational block. Yet, we continue to routinely model strokes using almost the same concepts we have used for over 30 years. Methodological improvements and criteria from the last decade have shed some light but have not solved the problem. In this conceptual analysis, we review the current status and reappraise it by thinking "out-of-the-box" and over the edges. As such, we query why other scientific fields have also faced the same translational failures, to find common denominators. In parallel, we query how migraine, multiple sclerosis, and hypothermia in hypoxic encephalopathy have achieved significant translation successes. Should we view ischemic stroke as a "chronic, relapsing, vascular" disease, then secondary prevention strategies are also a successful translation. Finally, based on the lessons learned, we propose how stroke should be modeled, and how preclinical and clinical scientists, editors, grant reviewers, and industry should reconsider their routine way of conducting research. Translational success for stroke treatments may eventually require a bold change with solutions that are outside of the box.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurointensive Care Unit, Schoen Klinik Bad Aibling, Bad Aibling, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nefeli Zerva
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Filippakis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Pavlopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spellicy SE, Scheulin KM, Baker EW, Jurgielewicz BJ, Kinder HA, Waters ES, Grimes JA, Stice SL, West FD. Semi-Automated Cell and Tissue Analyses Reveal Regionally Specific Morphological Alterations of Immune and Neural Cells in a Porcine Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:600441. [PMID: 33551749 PMCID: PMC7862775 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathological analysis of cellular changes in the stroked brain provides critical information pertaining to inflammation, cell death, glial scarring, and other dynamic injury and recovery responses. However, commonly used manual approaches are hindered by limitations in speed, accuracy, bias, and the breadth of morphological information that can be obtained. Here, a semi-automated high-content imaging (HCI) and CellProfiler histological analysis method was developed and used in a Yucatan miniature pig permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model of ischemic stroke to overcome these limitations. Evaluation of 19 morphological parameters in IBA1+ microglia/macrophages, GFAP+ astrocytes, NeuN+ neuronal, FactorVIII+ vascular endothelial, and DCX+ neuroblast cell areas was conducted on porcine brain tissue 4 weeks post pMCAO. Out of 19 morphological parameters assessed in the stroke perilesional and ipsilateral hemisphere regions (38 parameters), a significant change in 3838 measured IBA1+ parameters, 3438 GFAP+ parameters, 3238 NeuN+ parameters, 3138 FactorVIII+ parameters, and 2838 DCX+ parameters were observed in stroked vs. non-stroked animals. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analyses demonstrated that stroke-induced significant and predictable morphological changes that demonstrated strong relationships between IBA1+, GFAP+, and NeuN+ areas. Ultimately, this unbiased, semi-automated HCI and CellProfiler histopathological analysis approach revealed regional and cell specific morphological signatures of immune and neural cells after stroke in a highly translational porcine model. These identified features can provide information of disease pathogenesis and evolution with high resolution, as well as be used in therapeutic screening applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Spellicy
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia MD/Ph.D. Program, Augusta, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Brian J Jurgielewicz
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Waters
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Aruna Bio Inc., Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sneed SE, Scheulin KM, Kaiser EE, Fagan MM, Jurgielewicz BJ, Waters ES, Spellicy SE, Duberstein KJ, Platt SR, Baker EW, Stice SL, Kinder HA, West FD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Gait Analysis Indicate Similar Outcomes Between Yucatan and Landrace Porcine Ischemic Stroke Models. Front Neurol 2021; 11:594954. [PMID: 33551956 PMCID: PMC7859633 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.594954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) has recommended that novel therapeutics be tested in a large animal model with similar anatomy and physiology to humans. The pig is an attractive model due to similarities in brain size, organization, and composition relative to humans. However, multiple pig breeds have been used to study ischemic stroke with potentially differing cerebral anatomy, architecture and, consequently, ischemic stroke pathologies. The objective of this study was to characterize brain anatomy and assess spatiotemporal gait parameters in Yucatan (YC) and Landrace (LR) pigs pre- and post-stroke using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gait analysis, respectively. Ischemic stroke was induced via permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MRI was performed pre-stroke and 1-day post-stroke. Structural and diffusion-tensor sequences were performed at both timepoints and analyzed for cerebral characteristics, lesion diffusivity, and white matter changes. Spatiotemporal and relative pressure gait measurements were collected pre- and 2-days post-stroke to characterize and compare acute functional deficits. The results from this study demonstrated that YC and LR pigs exhibit differences in gross brain anatomy and gait patterns pre-stroke with MRI and gait analysis showing statistical differences in the majority of parameters. However, stroke pathologies in YC and LR pigs were highly comparable post-stroke for most evaluated MRI parameters, including lesion volume and diffusivity, hemisphere swelling, ventricle compression, caudal transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation, showing no statistical difference between the breeds. In addition, post-stroke changes in velocity, cycle time, swing percent, cadence, and mean hoof pressure showed no statistical difference between the breeds. These results indicate significant differences between pig breeds in brain size, anatomy, and motor function pre-stroke, yet both demonstrate comparable brain pathophysiology and motor outcomes post-stroke. The conclusions of this study suggest pigs of these different breeds generally show a similar ischemic stroke response and findings can be compared across porcine stroke studies that use different breeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Sneed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Madison M Fagan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brian J Jurgielewicz
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Waters
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Samantha E Spellicy
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kylee J Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Simon R Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Aruna Bio, Inc., Athens, GA, United States
| | - Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He J, Liu J, Huang Y, Zhuo Y, Chen W, Duan D, Tang X, Lu M, Hu Z. Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via Golgi Apparatus Secretory Pathway Ca 2+ -ATPase Isoform1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586541. [PMID: 33195239 PMCID: PMC7661436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) have exhibited their effectiveness in central nervous system diseases and provided an appealing candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Previous evidence have shown that Golgi apparatus (GA) secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase isoform1 (SPCA1) was a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective mechanism of OM-MSCs and its effect on the expression and function of SPCA1 during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, we discovered that OM-MSCs attenuated apoptosis and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke models, reduced the cerebral infarction volume, and improved the neurologic deficits of rats. OM-MSCs also upregulated SPCA1 expression and alleviated Ca2+ overload and decreased the edema and dissolution of the GA in neurons. Moreover, we discovered that SPCA1 depletion in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated N2a cells mitigated the protective effects of OM-MSCs. Altogether, OM-MSCs exerted neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke probably via modulating SPCA1 and reducing the edema and dissolution of the GA in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Da Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|