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Goldar G, Garraud C, Sifuentes AA, Wassif H, Jain V, Klein AL. Autoimmune Pericarditis: Multimodality Imaging. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1633-1645. [PMID: 36219367 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to understand the underlying mechanism that leads to pericarditis in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The underlying mechanism plays a vital role in the appropriate management of patients. In addition, we will review the current landscape of available cardiac imaging modalities with emphasis on pericardial conditions as well as proposed treatment and management tailored toward pericardial autoimmune and autoinflammatory processes. RECENT FINDINGS Approximately 22% of all cases of pericarditis with a known etiology are caused by systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis. In recent years, there have been advancements of imaging modalities including cardiac MRI, cardiac CT scan, and PET scan and their respective nuances in regard to contrast use, technique, and views which clinicians may utilize to better understand the extent of a patient's pericardial pathology and the trajectory of his or her disease process. In this review, we will discuss systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases that involve the pericardium. We will also review different imaging modalities that are currently used to further characterize such conditions. Having a deeper understanding of such techniques will improve patient outcomes by helping clinicians tailor treatment plans according to the unique underlying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Goldar
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Cassandra Garraud
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Aaron A Sifuentes
- University of Michigan Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heba Wassif
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Allan L Klein
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Ballard DH, Jokerst C, Raptis CA, Pilgram TK, Woodard PK. Myocardial Cut-off Sign is a Sensitive and Specific Cardiac Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sign to Distinguish Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysms From True Aneurysms. J Thorac Imaging 2022; 37:58-65. [PMID: 32427649 PMCID: PMC7666661 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the myocardial cut-off sign, assess its ability to distinguish left ventricular pseudoaneurysms (LV PSAs) from true aneurysms (LVAs), and compare its performance with other imaging findings and quantitative measurements used to differentiate LV PSAs from LVAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective single-center study identified patients with preoperative cardiac computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgically confirmed LVAs or LV PSAs over a 10-year period. Seventeen LV PSAs (11 MRI, 6 CT) and 18 LVAs (10 MRI, 8 CT) were included. The myocardial cut-off sign was objectively a >50% decrease in aneurysm sac wall thickness measured at 1 cm from the aneurysmal neck (measurements at 2 cm were also assessed) and subjectively an abrupt "cut-off" of myocardium for the aneurysm sac for PSA compared with a gradual tapering of sac wall thickness for LVA. Two radiologists independently evaluated images for the subjective presence of this sign. RESULTS The myocardial cut-off sign was 91% sensitive and 97% specific when measured 1 cm from the aneurysm neck. When measured at 2 cm from the neck, the sign was 100% sensitive and 69% specific. Subjective analysis of whether the myocardium appeared "cut-off" was 94% to 100% sensitive and 78% to 94% specific with excellent agreement for both PSA (κ=0.94) and LVA (κ=0.83). CONCLUSIONS The myocardial cut-off sign on cardiac CT and MRI is a sensitive and specific finding of LV PSA. Specificity is improved with objective measurements compared with subjective assessment (97% vs. 78% to 94%). This sign may help radiologists distinguish between LV PSAs and LVAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Ballard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clinton Jokerst
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale,
Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Constantine A. Raptis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas K. Pilgram
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela K. Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, Amsterdam E, Bhatt DL, Birtcher KK, Blankstein R, Boyd J, Bullock-Palmer RP, Conejo T, Diercks DB, Gentile F, Greenwood JP, Hess EP, Hollenberg SM, Jaber WA, Jneid H, Joglar JA, Morrow DA, O'Connor RE, Ross MA, Shaw LJ. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022; 16:54-122. [PMID: 34955448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered. STRUCTURE Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The "2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain" provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
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4
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Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, Amsterdam E, Bhatt DL, Birtcher KK, Blankstein R, Boyd J, Bullock-Palmer RP, Conejo T, Diercks DB, Gentile F, Greenwood JP, Hess EP, Hollenberg SM, Jaber WA, Jneid H, Joglar JA, Morrow DA, O'Connor RE, Ross MA, Shaw LJ. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:e187-e285. [PMID: 34756653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered. STRUCTURE Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The "2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain" provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
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2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:2218-2261. [PMID: 34756652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This executive summary of the clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered. STRUCTURE Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The "2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain" provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. These guidelines present an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
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Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, Amsterdam E, Bhatt DL, Birtcher KK, Blankstein R, Boyd J, Bullock-Palmer RP, Conejo T, Diercks DB, Gentile F, Greenwood JP, Hess EP, Hollenberg SM, Jaber WA, Jneid H, Joglar JA, Morrow DA, O'Connor RE, Ross MA, Shaw LJ. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2021; 144:e368-e454. [PMID: 34709879 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered. Structure: Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The "2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain" provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
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7
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Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, Amsterdam E, Bhatt DL, Birtcher KK, Blankstein R, Boyd J, Bullock-Palmer RP, Conejo T, Diercks DB, Gentile F, Greenwood JP, Hess EP, Hollenberg SM, Jaber WA, Jneid H, Joglar JA, Morrow DA, O'Connor RE, Ross MA, Shaw LJ. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2021; 144:e368-e454. [PMID: 34709928 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This executive summary of the clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered. Structure: Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The "2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain" provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. These guidelines present an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
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Jain V, Chhabra G, Chetrit M, Bansal A, Berglund F, Montanè B, Furqaan MM, Bachour SP, Kontzias A, Villa-Forte A, Aronow WS, Imazio M, Cremer PC, Klein AL. Role of non-invasive multimodality imaging in autoimmune pericarditis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:1228-1240. [PMID: 34333596 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are an important cause of pericardial involvement and contribute to up to ∼22% cases of pericarditis with a known aetiology. The underlying mechanism for pericardial involvement varies with each systemic disease and leads to a poor understanding of its management. Multimodality imaging establishes the diagnosis and determines the type and extent of pericardial involvement. In this review, we elaborate upon various pericardial syndromes associated with different systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and the multitude of imaging modalities that can be used to further characterize autoimmune pericardial involvement. Lastly, these forms of pericarditis have a greater likelihood of recurrence, and clinicians need to understand their unique treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardhmaan Jain
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Garvit Chhabra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 S Jackson St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael Chetrit
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Agam Bansal
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Felix Berglund
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bryce Montanè
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Muhammad M Furqaan
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Salaam P Bachour
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Apostolos Kontzias
- Department of Rheumatology, Stony Brook University Hospital, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alexandra Villa-Forte
- Heart,Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Centre, 100 Woods Rd, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Massimo Imazio
- University Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante, 88, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Paul C Cremer
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Allan L Klein
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Kirkbride RR, Rawal B, Mirsadraee S, Galperin-Aizenberg M, Wechalekar K, Ridge CA, Litmanovich DE. Imaging of Cardiac Infections: A Comprehensive Review and Investigation Flowchart for Diagnostic Workup. J Thorac Imaging 2021; 36:W70-W88. [PMID: 32852420 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the cardiovascular system may present with nonspecific symptoms, and it is common for patients to undergo multiple investigations to arrive at the diagnosis. Echocardiography is central to the diagnosis of endocarditis and pericarditis. However, cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging also play an additive role in these diagnoses; in fact, magnetic resonance imaging is central to the diagnosis of myocarditis. Functional imaging (fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT and radiolabeled white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/CT) is useful in the diagnosis in prosthesis-related and disseminated infection. This pictorial review will detail the most commonly encountered cardiovascular bacterial and viral infections, including coronavirus disease-2019, in clinical practice and provide an evidence basis for the selection of each imaging modality in the investigation of native tissues and common prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael R Kirkbride
- Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Maya Galperin-Aizenberg
- Department of Radiology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kshama Wechalekar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal Brompton and Harefield Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Diana E Litmanovich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Tashiro Y, Kurihara M, Hori Y, Nakamura Y, Kuarata M, Toshida T, Asano T, Ebato M, Suzuki H, Hashimoto T. CT findings in a patient with Coronavirus Disease-19-associated acute pericarditis. BJR Case Rep 2021; 7:20210001. [PMID: 34131508 PMCID: PMC8171139 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)-associated acute pericarditis is a rare complication. Several cases have been reported, but those reports have not discussed any imaging findings. Here, we report a case of a 76-year-old female diagnosed with COVID-19-associated pericarditis without pneumonia, and present image findings of the patient's contrast-enhanced CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tashiro
- Department of Radiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mana Kurihara
- Department of Radiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yosiro Hori
- Department of Radiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakamura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kuarata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toshida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taku Asano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Ebato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshi Hashimoto
- Department of Radiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Clemente A, Seitun S, Mantini C, Gentile G, Federici D, Barison A, Rossi A, Cuman M, Pizzuto A, Ait-Ali L, Bossone E, Cademartiri F, Chiappino D. Cardiac CT angiography: normal and pathological anatomical features-a narrative review. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1918-1945. [PMID: 33381435 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The normal and pathological anatomy of the heart and coronary arteries are nowadays widely developed topics and constitute a fundamental part of the cultural background of the radiologist. The introduction of cardiac ECG-gated synchronized CT scanners with an ever-increasing number of detectors and with increasingly high structural characteristics (increase in temporal resolution, increase in contrast resolution with dual-source, dual energy scanners) allows the virtual measurement of anatomical in vivo structures complying with heart rate with submillimetric precision permitting to clearly depict the normal anatomy and follow the pathologic temporal evolution. Accordingly to these considerations, cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) asserts itself as a gold standard method for the anatomical evaluation of the heart and permits to evaluate, verify, measure and characterize structural pathological alterations of both congenital and acquired degenerative diseases. Accordingly, CCTA is increasingly used as a prognostic model capable of modifying the outcome of diseased patients in planning interventions and in the post-surgical/interventional follow-up. The profound knowledge of cardiac anatomy and function through highly detailed CCTA analysis is required to perform an efficient and optimal use in real-world clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Clemente
- Department of Radiology, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation (FTGM), Massa, Italy
| | - Sara Seitun
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Institute of Radiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gentile
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Palermo, Italy
| | - Duccio Federici
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation (FTGM), Massa, Italy
| | - Andrea Barison
- Cardiology Division, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation (FTGM), Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Arrhythmology Unit, Department of Invasive Cardiology, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation (FTGM), Pisa, Italy
| | - Magdalena Cuman
- Pediatric Cardiology and GUCH Unit, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation (FTGM), Massa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pizzuto
- Pediatric Cardiology and GUCH Unit, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation (FTGM), Massa, Italy
| | - Lamia Ait-Ali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Dante Chiappino
- Department of Radiology, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation (FTGM), Massa, Italy
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12
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Comprehensive review of pericardial diseases using different imaging modalities. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 36:947-969. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-01784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Although the pericardium is simply a 2-layered membrane enveloping the heart and great vessels, there are numerous anatomic variations, congenital anomalies, and pathologic conditions that can occur. Although echocardiography is most often the first imaging modality used to assess the pericardium, computed tomography and MR imaging are frequently being used to aid in diagnosis and assess response to therapy. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the pericardium in both its normal and diseased states is important to best direct patient care and potentially improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kligerman
- Diagnostic Radiology, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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14
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Katinaitė J, Petrauskienė B. Recurrent pericarditis: a case report and literature review. Acta Med Litu 2017; 24:159-166. [PMID: 29217970 PMCID: PMC5709055 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v24i3.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence affects about 30% (20% to 50%) of patients within 18 months after the initial episode of acute pericarditis resulting in subsequent rehospitalizations. Bearing in mind high treatment costs of patients admitted to hospital with acute and recurrent pericarditis, there is a need to optimize the treatment of both of these conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a case of recurrent pericarditis. The first episode of pericarditis was diagnosed in 2006. Three months later the patient was hospitalized due to clinical symptoms suggesting recurrence of a past condition. Ten years after the initial episode of acute pericarditis the patient was hospitalized for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis. The search for etiology of the disease was unsuccessful, the patient received treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; empiric antimicrobial therapy was also administered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Acute pericarditis is the most common disease of the pericardium encountered in clinical practice. Colchicine has been demonstrated as a first-line drug to be added to conventional anti-inflammatory therapies in patients with a first episode of pericarditis or its recurrences in order to improve the response to therapy and reduce recurrences. Despite a large amount of new data, there are still several issues that require additional research and clarification, including the search for new individualized therapies, the best duration of treatment for patients with pericardial diseases, and optimization of patient follow-up in order to collect data on long-term outcomes that would allow shortening the duration of in-patient treatment and reduction of recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birutė Petrauskienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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16
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Cummings KW, Green D, Johnson WR, Javidan-Nejad C, Bhalla S. Imaging of Pericardial Diseases. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2016; 37:238-54. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Hung MJ, Chen WS, Hung MY, Kao YC, Mao CT. New electrocardiographic ST-elevation mimicking acute myocardial infarction in patients with non-fixed coronary artery stenosis: an important issue in the primary coronary interventional era. Int J Cardiol 2015; 182:284-7. [PMID: 25585373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jui Hung
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Siang Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kao
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tai Mao
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City, Taiwan
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Chhabra L, Chaubey VK, Spodick DH. Diagnostic criteria for acute pericarditis need closer attention. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2014; 37:658. [PMID: 24628079 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Chhabra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.
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