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Hu L, Peng Z, Bai G, Fu H, Tan DJ, Wang J, Li W, Cao Z, Huang G, Liu F, Xie Y, Lin L, Sun J, Gao L, Chen Y, Zhu R, Mao J. Lipidomic profiles in serum and urine in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117804. [PMID: 38316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) accounts for approximately 80% of cases of nephrotic syndrome. The involvement of aberrant lipid metabolism in early SSNS is poorly understood, warranting further investigation. This study aimed to explore alterations in lipid metabolism associated with SSNS pathogenesis. METHODS A screening cohort containing serum (50 SSNS, 37 controls) and urine samples (27 SSNS, 26 controls) was analyzed by untargeted lipidomic profiling using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Then, a validation cohort (20 SSNS, 56 controls) underwent further analysis to check the potential clinical application by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS Lipidomic profiling of serum and urine samples revealed significant lipid alterations in SSNS patients, with the alterations in the serum samples being more significant. An elevated concentration of PE and PG and downregulated concentration of FA were observed in SSNS serum. A total of 38 dysregulated lipids and 5 lipid metabolic pathways were identified in the serum samples in SSNS patients. Validation in the second cohort confirmed differential regulation of nine kinds of lipids, including 5 up-regulated substances [SM d33:2 (m/z = 686.5361), SHexCer d34:1 (m/z = 779.521), PI 20:4_22:4 (m/z = 934.5558), Cer_NS d18:1_23:0 (m/z = 635.6216), and GM3 d36:1 (m/z = 1180.7431)], as well as 4 down-regulated substances: [CE 18:1 (m/z = 650.601), PE 38:6 (m/z = 763.5205), PC 17:0_20:4 (m/z = 795.5868) and EtherPC 16:2e_20:4 (m/z = 763.5498)]. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted lipidomic analysis successfully identified specific lipid class changes in patients with SSNS, providing a deeper understanding of lipid alterations and underlying mechanisms associated with SSNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danny Junyi Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongkai Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingmiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Langping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruihan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Bezdicka M, Cinek O, Semjonov V, Polackova K, Sladkova E, Zieg J, Saleem MA, Soucek O. Nephrotic syndrome sera induce different transcriptomes in podocytes based on the steroid response. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15932. [PMID: 38307723 PMCID: PMC10837055 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As the molecular mechanism of nephrotic syndrome remains largely undiscovered, patients continue to be exposed to the pros and cons of uniform glucocorticoid treatment. We explored whether the exposure of in vitro-cultivated podocytes to sera from children with steroid-sensitive or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome induces differences in gene expression profiles, which could help to elucidate the pathogenesis of the steroid response. Human immortalized podocytes were cultivated with patient sera for 3 days. After cell lysis, RNA extraction, 3'-mRNA libraries were prepared and sequenced. There were 34 significantly upregulated and 14 downregulated genes (fold difference <0.5 and >2.0, respectively, and false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.05) and 22 significantly upregulated and 6 downregulated pathways (false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.01) in the steroid-sensitive (n = 9) versus steroid-resistant group (n = 4). The observed pathways included upregulated redox reactions, DNA repair, mitosis, protein translation and downregulated cholesterol biosynthesis. Sera from children with nephrotic syndrome induce disease subtype-specific transcriptome changes in human podocytes in vitro. However, further exploration of a larger cohort is needed to verify whether clinically distinct types of nephrotic syndrome or disease activity may be differentiated by specific transcriptomic profiles and whether this information may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of the steroid response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bezdicka
- Vera Vavrova Lab/VIAL, Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles University and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles University and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Valerij Semjonov
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles University and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Katerina Polackova
- Vera Vavrova Lab/VIAL, Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles University and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Eva Sladkova
- Children's Clinic, Faculty of Medicine in PilsenUniversity Hospital in Pilsen, Charles UniversityPilsenCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Zieg
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles University and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Bristol Renal and Bristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenUniversity of Bristol Medical SchoolBristolUK
| | - Ondrej Soucek
- Vera Vavrova Lab/VIAL, Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles University and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
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The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6499668. [PMID: 35185384 PMCID: PMC8849808 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6499668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is an important primary glomerular disease characterized by severe proteinuria. Evidence supports a role for T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of INS. Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for INS; however, steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients are at a higher risk of drug-induced side effects and harbor poor prognosis. Although the exact mechanism of the resistance is unknown, the imbalances of T helper subtype 1 (Th1), Th2, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid responsiveness. Up to now, no confirmed biomarkers have been able to predict SRNS; however, a panel of cytokines may predict responsiveness and identify SRNS patients. Thus, the introduction of distinctive cytokines as novel biomarkers of SRNS enables both preventions of drug-related toxicity and earlier switch to more effective therapies. This review highlights the impacts of T cell population imbalances and their downstream cytokines on response to glucocorticoid responsiveness state in INS.
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Lee JM, Ko Y, Lee CH, Jeon N, Lee KH, Oh J, Kronbichler A, Saleem MA, Lim BJ, Shin JI. The Effect of Interleukin-4 and Dexamethasone on RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Podocytes: A Potential Role in Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030496. [PMID: 33535372 PMCID: PMC7866993 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome (NS). This study aimed to investigate the changes in the transcriptomes of human podocytes induced by IL-4 treatment and to analyze whether these changes could be affected by simultaneous steroid treatment. Three groups of human podocytes were treated with control, IL-4, and IL-4 plus dexamethasone (DEX), respectively. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups. We investigated relevant biological pathways using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. We also attempted to compare and validate the DEGs with the genes listed in PodNet, a literature-based database on mouse podocyte genes. A total of 176 genes were differentially expressed among the three groups. GO analyses showed that pathways related to cytoskeleton organization and cell signaling were significantly enriched. Among them, 24 genes were listed in PodNet, and 12 of them were previously reported to be associated with IL-4-induced changes in human podocytes. Of the 12 genes, the expression levels of BMP4, RARB, and PLCE1 were reversed when podocytes were simultaneously treated with DEX. In conclusion, this study explored changes in the transcriptome profiles of human podocytes treated with IL-4. Few genes were reported in previous studies and were previously validated in experiments with human podocytes. We speculate that IL-4 may exert pathogenic effects on the transcriptome of human podocytes, and a few genes may be involved in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon M. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Younhee Ko
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Korea;
| | - Chul Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.H.L.); (K.H.L.)
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.H.L.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Jun Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Children’s and Renal Unit and Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK;
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.H.L.); (K.H.L.)
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.I.S.)
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Plasma Cytokine Profiling to Predict Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:785-795. [PMID: 33732993 PMCID: PMC7938200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the primary treatment for nephrotic syndrome (NS), although ∼10% to 20% of children develop steroid-resistant NS (SRNS). Unfortunately, there are no validated biomarkers able to predict SRNS at initial disease presentation. We hypothesized that a plasma cytokine panel could predict SRNS at disease presentation, and identify potential pathways regulating SRNS pathogenesis. Methods Paired plasma samples were collected from 26 children with steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) and 14 with SRNS at NS presentation and after ∼7 weeks of GC therapy, when SSNS versus SRNS was clinically determined. Plasma cytokine profiling was performed with a panel of 27 cytokines. Results We identified 13 cytokines significantly different in Pretreatment SSNS versus SRNS samples. Statistical modeling identified a cytokine panel (interleukin [IL]-7, IL-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 [MCP-1]) able to discriminate between SSNS and SRNS at disease presentation (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] value = 0.846; sensitivity = 0.643; specificity = 0.846). Furthermore, GC treatment resulted in significant decreases in plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), IL-7, IL-13, and IL-5 in both SSNS and SRNS patients. Conclusions These studies suggest that initial GC treatment of NS reduces the plasma cytokines secreted by both CD4+ TH1 cells and TH2 cells, as well as CD8+ T cells. Importantly, a panel of 3 cytokines (IL-7, IL-9, and MCP-1) was able to predict SRNS prior to GC treatment at disease presentation. Although these findings will benefit from validation in a larger cohort, the ability to identify SRNS at disease presentation could greatly benefit patients by enabling both avoidance of unnecessary GC-induced toxicity and earlier transition to more effective alternative treatments.
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Rahbar Saadat Y, Hejazian SM, Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Bastami M, Poursheikhani A, M Shoja M, Ardalan M, Zununi Vahed S. Glucocorticoid receptors and their upstream epigenetic regulators in adults with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Biofactors 2020; 46:995-1005. [PMID: 33031585 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a clinical challenge with variable clinical outcomes. In patients with SRNS, unsuccessful anti-inflammatory and anti-proteinuric effects of steroids lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our objective was to define the expression pattern of the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) α and β and their epigenetic regulators (miR-24, miR-30a, and miR-370) in a group of adults with SRNS. In this regard, sixty primary NS patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, N = 30) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN, N = 30) and also healthy volunteers (N = 24) were enrolled. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression levels of the aforementioned genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples. Furthermore, an in-silico analysis was performed to understand the signaling pathways and biological procedures that may be targeted by these microRNAs in NS. The decreased and increased levels of GRα and GRβ were not significant, respectively. Statistically significant reduced miR-24 levels were observed between control/MGN (p = .022) and MGN/FSGS (p = .032) groups. Additionally, a decrease was detected in miR-30a between MGN and FSGS (p = .049) groups. There was a significant increase in miR-370 expression level between control and NS groups (p = .029), as well as control/MGN (p = .008), and MGN/FSGS (p = .046). Bioinformatics analysis predicted the possible targets of the studied genes including genes involved in TGF-β, Notch1, and p53 signaling pathways, regulation of gene expression, intracellular signal transduction, negative regulation of response to the stimulus, cell-cell signaling, and cell activation in the pathogenesis of SRNS. Taken all together, dysregulated levels of GRα, GRβ were not attributed to SRNS in our patients. It seems that pharmacokinetics and the genetic variations in podocyte-related genes may be associated with the steroid-resistance in our adult patients with NS rather than GR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Mina Hejazian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Salivary Cytokines in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome versus Healthy Children: A Comparative Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092691. [PMID: 32825238 PMCID: PMC7563862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to compare salivary cytokines and total protein between children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and healthy children, and to examine whether saliva parameters can differentiate between steroid sensitivity and resistance and between disease remission and relapse. Methods: Twenty-seven children with nephrotic syndrome were classified according to steroid sensitivity and resistance, and disease remission and relapse. Twenty healthy children served as controls. Whole saliva samples were collected from all the participants. Urine and blood tests done on the same day as the saliva collection were recorded. Salivary total protein was quantified using bicinchoninic acid and IFNγ, IL-4, IL-8, IL-6, and IL1β levels using ELISA. Results: The mean ages of the nephrotic syndrome and control groups were 11.3 ± 2.4 and 9 ± 4.2, respectively. Compared to the control group, for the nephrotic syndrome group, total salivary protein was significantly lower, as were the levels of all the cytokines examined except IFNγ. Statistically significant differences were not found in any of the salivary markers examined between the children with nephrotic syndrome who were treatment sensitive (n = 19) and resistant (n = 8). Protein and IL-8 salivary levels were lower in the active (n = 7) than in the remission (n = 20) group. Conclusions: Salivary parameters distinguished children with nephrotic syndrome in relapse from healthy children. This may be due to decreased salivary protein excretion, which reflects decreased plasma levels, consequent to proteinuria. Accordingly, salivary markers may be developed as a diagnostic or screening tool for NS activity.
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Liu X, Zhou QG, Zhu XC, Xie L, Cai BC. Screening for Potential Active Components of Fangji Huangqi Tang on the Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome by Using Integrated Metabolomics Based on "Correlations Between Chemical and Metabolic Profiles". Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1261. [PMID: 31695617 PMCID: PMC6817620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, what puzzled researchers most was how to select proper chemical markers to represent the whole pharmacological action system. In this paper, an integrated metabolomic method was presented for a systematic discovery of potential active components in Fangji Huangqi Tang (FHT), a well-known TCM prescription for nephrotic syndrome treatment, based on “correlations between chemical and metabolic profiles.” Firstly, a metabolomics study was carried out to select representative biomarkers of nephrotic syndrome. Then, after drug administration, the dynamic process of serum composition was investigated by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–quadrupole–time of flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) technique to detect the prototypes and related metabolites of relative components from FHT. Pearson correlation analysis was finally used to find out the correlations between the endogenous metabolic spectrums and the chemical serum spectrums. As a result, 17 biomarkers for nephrotic syndrome indication were identified, and the main metabolic pathways of their concern included linoleic acid metabolism; cyanoamino acid metabolism; alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; arachidonic acid metabolism; and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Meanwhile, active components in FHT for nephrotic syndrome treatment were screened out, including (+)-tetrandrine demethylation, fenfangjine G hydrogenation, tetrandrine, N-methylfangchinoline, tetrandrine demethylation, fangchinoline, glycyrrhetic acid, astragaloside II alcohol dehydration, atractylenolide III demethylation + hydrogenation, atractylenolide III demethylation + hydrogenation, and licoricone-N-acetylcysteine conjugation. This study demonstrated a promising way to elucidate the active chemical material basis of TCM prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Chai Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao-Chang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wan N, Li D, Zhou Z, Shao Y, Zheng S, Wang S. Comprehensive RNA-Sequencing Analysis in Peripheral Blood Cells Reveals Differential Expression Signatures with Biomarker Potential for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1223-1232. [PMID: 31566423 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the clinical course of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) remains unclear and lacks direct and effective diagnostic methods. To better understand the host gene expression changes involved in the iMN process and identify the potential signatures for clinical diagnosis, we performed a whole genome-wide transcriptome profile of peripheral blood cells (PBC) from patients with iMN and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 188 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in patients with iMN versus HCs. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly correlated with protein targeting, ion homeostasis GO terms, and ribosome and phagosome pathways. The top 10 differentially expressed protein-coding genes with >2-fold changes and high expression levels were validated using quantitative real-time PCR, and showed high consistency with the high-throughput sequencing results. HLA-C, S100A8, and FTH1 genes were selected for further validation and showed the most significant difference between the iMN and HC group, indicating that they could be used as potential clinical diagnostic biomarkers. Our results provide novel potential diagnostic signatures for iMN and have important implications for better understanding the pathogenesis of iMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medical Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingchen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medical Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shao
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medical Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ezzat GM, Ali AB, Mohamed NA, Hetta HF. Association of endothelin receptor type A rs5333 gene polymorphism with steroid response in Egyptian children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:133-141. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate ENDRA rs5333 gene polymorphism distribution in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and to analyze their association with response to steroid therapy, and biochemical markers of INS. Subjects & methods: The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to analyze ENDRA rs5333 polymorphism in 100 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrom (INS) and 100 healthy children. Plasma endothelin-1 were measured by ELISA. Results: The ENDRA rs5333 gene polymorphism was not associated with risk of INS. The frequency of minor allele (C) was significantly higher in the steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome group than the steroid sensitive group. The CC and TC mutant variants were associated with higher plasma levels of cholesterol, albumin, urea and 24-h urinary protein, but were not associated with risk of hypertension. The endothelin-1 plasma level was higher in INS than control and in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome group when compared with steroid sensitive group cases. Conclusion: The ENDRA rs5333 gene polymorphism may be associated with genetic predisposition to steroid resistance in INS Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Ezzat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahlam B Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati medical center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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