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Beer P, Pauli C, Haberecker M, Grest P, Beebe E, Fuchs D, Markkanen E, Krudewig C, Nolff MC. Cross-species evaluation of fibroblast activation protein alpha as potential imaging target for soft tissue sarcoma: a comparative immunohistochemical study in humans, dogs, and cats. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210004. [PMID: 37727209 PMCID: PMC10505752 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Complete surgical tumor resection is paramount in the management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in humans, dogs, and cats alike. Near-infrared targeted tracers for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) could facilitate intraoperative visualization of the tumor and improve resection accuracy. Target identification is complicated in STS due to the rarity and heterogeneity of the disease. This study aims to validate the expression of fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) in selected human, canine, and feline STS subtypes to assess the value of FAP as a target for FGS and to validate companion animals as a translational model. Methods Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 53 canine STSs (perivascular wall tumor (PWT), canine fibrosarcoma (cFS), and STS not further specified (NOS)), 24 feline fibrosarcomas, and 39 human STSs (myxofibrosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) as well as six canine and seven feline healthy controls and 10 inflamed tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained for their FAP expression. FAP labeling in tumor, peritumoral, healthy skin, and inflamed tissue samples was quantified using a visually assessed semiquantitative expression score and digital image analysis. Target selection criteria (TASC) scoring was subsequently performed as previously described. Results Eighty-five percent (85%) of human (33/39), 76% of canine (40/53), and 92% of feline (22/24) STSs showed FAP positivity in over 10% of the tumor cells. A high expression was determined in 53% canine (28/53), 67% feline (16/24), and 44% human STSs (17/39). The average FAP-labeled area of canine, feline, and human STSs was 31%, 33%, and 42%, respectively (p > 0.8990). The FAP-positive tumor area was larger in STS compared to healthy and peritumoral tissue samples (p < 0.0001). TASC scores were above 18 for all feline and human STS subtypes and canine PWTs but not for canine STS NOS and cFS. Conclusion This study represents the first cross-species target evaluation of FAP for STS. Our results demonstrate that FAP expression is increased in various STS subtypes compared to non-cancerous tissues across species, thereby validating dogs and cats as suitable animal models. Based on a TASC score, FAP could be considered a target for FGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Beer
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Haberecker
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Grest
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erin Beebe
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fuchs
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Krudewig
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirja Christine Nolff
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Setyo LC, Donahoe SL, Shearer PL, Wang P, Krockenberger MB. Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of VEGFR2, KIT, PDGFR-β, and CDK4 in canine urothelial carcinoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:109-115. [PMID: 36648148 PMCID: PMC9999406 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221146247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinomas (UCs), also known as transitional cell carcinomas, are the most common canine urinary tract neoplasms. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are enzymes that tightly regulate cell growth and differentiation through phosphorylation. Receptor TK (RTK) inhibitors are currently used to treat UCs. Toceranib phosphate (Palladia; Pfizer) is an RTK inhibitor that blocks the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha and -beta (PDGFR-α, -β), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, stem cell factor receptor (KIT, kinase inhibitor targeting), and colony stimulating factor receptor. To better understand UCs and validate treatment targets, we performed immunohistochemical staining for RTKs, as well as a novel target, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4, a central regulator of the mammalian cell cycle), on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from bladder biopsies from 17 dogs with UCs, 17 dogs with cystitis (diseased controls), and 8 normal dogs (negative controls). Although immunohistochemical scores could not be extrapolated to prognostic value, response to treatment, and outcome of patients with UC, we demonstrated expression of PDGFR-β and VEGFR2 in UCs; all UC samples staining positively for VEGFR2. Minimal positive staining for KIT was noted in the tumor samples. CDK4 staining intensity was significantly weaker in UCs compared with normal and cystitis bladder samples. The intense staining of VEGFR2 in UC cells suggested that VEGFR2 may be of prognostic and/or therapeutic value in dogs with UC. Overexpression of VEGFR2 in UC cells validates this receptor as a treatment target in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon L Donahoe
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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3
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Murphy JD, Shiomitsu K, Milner RJ, Lejeune A, Ossiboff RJ, Gell JC, Axiak-Bechtel S. Characterization of expression and prognostic implications of transforming growth factor beta, programmed death-ligand 1, and T regulatory cells in canine histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 257:110560. [PMID: 36804838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm in dogs. Expression and prognostic significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in HS is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of TGF-β, PD-L1, and FoxP3/CD25 in canine HS utilizing RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®). After validation was performed, RNAscope® on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient HS tissue samples was performed for all targets and expression quantified with HALO® software image analysis. Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to investigate the association between survival time and each variable. Additionally, for categorical data, the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method was used to generate survival curves. TGF-β and PD-L1 mRNA expression was confirmed in the DH82 cell line by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and CD25 + FoxP3 + cells were detected by flow cytometry in peripheral blood. Once the RNAscope® method was validated, TGF-β H-score and dots/cell and FoxP3 dots/cell were assessed in HS samples and found to be significantly correlated with survival. Moderate positive correlations were found between FoxP3 and PD-L1 H-score, percent staining area, and dots/cell, and FoxP3 and TGF-β dots/cell. In summary, RNAscope® is a valid technique to detect TGF-β and PD-L1 expression and identify Tregs in canine HS FFPE tissues. Furthermore, canine HS expresses TGF-β and PD-L1. Increased TGF-β and FoxP3 correlated with worse prognosis. Prospective studies are warranted to further investigate TGF-β, PD-L1, and Tregs effect on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Jessy Castellanos Gell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Sandra Axiak-Bechtel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
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4
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Godizzi F, Avallone G, Ghisleni G, Dell’Aere S, Zamboni C, Valenti P, Roccabianca P. Primary intranasal perivascular wall tumors in 2 cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:81-86. [PMID: 36416407 PMCID: PMC9751469 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221140074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular wall tumors (PWTs) are common well-known canine mesenchymal tumors. The term PWT has not yet been applied to cats; only 2 cases of feline soft tissue hemangiopericytomas (HEPs) are available. In human medicine, sinonasal HEP-like tumor/glomangiopericytoma (SHPCL/GP) and intranasal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) are well-known mesenchymal tumors with staghorn vasculature and low malignant potential; however, these entities have not been described in small animals. We describe here the pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 2 cases of feline intranasal mesenchymal tumors consistent with PWTs and resembling human SHPCL/GP (case 1), and human intranasal SFT (case 2). Both cats developed intranasal, unilateral, polypoid, expansile neoplasms with a mostly patternless growth of spindle cells, minimal stroma, and prominent staghorn vessels. The stroma was PAS negative, which excludes a glomus tumor. Immunohistochemistry identified diffuse vimentin and PDGFRβ expression. Case 1 was α-SMA positive (as is human SHPCL/GP); case 2 was negative (as is human intranasal SFT). Both tumors were incompletely excised, leading to recurrence in case 1. Case 2 was lost to follow up. To our knowledge, intranasal PWTs have not been reported previously in cats. The frequency of the lesions is not known, but awareness of these entities may assist in their recognition and better characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Godizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi (LO), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | | | - Silvia Dell’Aere
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi (LO), Italy
| | - Clarissa Zamboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi (LO), Italy
| | | | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi (LO), Italy
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5
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Aluai-Cunha C, Matos A, Amorim I, Carvalho F, Rêma A, Santos A. Immunohistochemical Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β (PDGFR-β) in Canine Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Preliminary Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070345. [PMID: 35878362 PMCID: PMC9319676 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The peripheral nerve sheath tumors are relatively common neoplasms, belong to the soft tissue sarcomas group, and are poorly investigated in veterinary medicine; the diagnosis is complex, and therapeutic options are limited. The platelet-derived growth factor receptors, namely the β subunit, are an important class of tyrosine kinase receptors that can be activated by genetic alterations and contribute to the process of carcinogenesis, so the inhibition of this receptor is an important therapeutic target. Using the immunohistochemical technique, this study aims to evaluate the expression of this receptor in 19 samples, 10 malignant and 9 benign tumors. The results showed that the majority of benign tumors, about 67% of cases, expressed the receptor in less than 25% of neoplastic cells and, in 80% cases of malignant tumors, the receptor was expressed in more than 25% of neoplastic cells. It was also found that, in the larger tumors, the expression of this receptor was significantly higher. With these findings it seems reasonable to speculate that the drugs able to inhibit this receptor, such as toceranib, may be considered in the therapeutic approach of these tumors. Abstract As in humans, the prevalence of tumors in companion animals is increasing dramatically and there is a strong need for research on new pharmacological agents particularly for the treatment of those tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy agents such as soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Because malignant (MPNST) and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNST) are relatively common STS in dogs, the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PDGFR-β, contributing to its characterization as a potential target for their treatment. A total of 19 samples were included, 9 histologically classified as benign and the other 10 as malignant. The results showed diffuse immunoexpression in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. Six (66.7%) BPNST expressed the receptor in less than 25% of neoplastic cells and only three (33.3%) exhibited labelling in more than 25% of neoplastic cells. In contrast, all MPNST expressed PDGFR-β, and in 8 (80%) of these samples, the receptor was expressed in more than 25% of neoplastic cells, and only 2 (20%) cases expressed the receptor in less than 25% of neoplastic cells. PDGFR-β expression was significantly higher in MPNST and larger tumors, suggesting that drugs able to inhibit the activity of this tyrosine kinase receptor, such as toceranib, may be considered in the approach of unresectable tumors and/or in the context of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Aluai-Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Augusto Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Animal Science and Study Centre (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), P. Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (F.C.); (A.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carvalho
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (F.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (F.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Andreia Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Animal Science and Study Centre (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), P. Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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6
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Takeuchi H, Konnai S, Maekawa N, Takagi S, Ohta H, Sasaki N, Kim S, Okagawa T, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Canine Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor 2-Ig: A Potential Candidate Biologic for Melanoma Treatment That Reverses Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Immunosuppression. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:656715. [PMID: 34195245 PMCID: PMC8236594 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.656715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can evade host immune systems via multiple mechanisms. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that induces regulatory T cell (Tregs) differentiation and is involved in immune evasion mechanisms in cancer. The inhibition of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway can suppress cancer progression and metastasis through the modulation of anticancer immune responses. However, to best of our knowledge, no implementation of treatments targeting TGF-β1 has been reported in dog cancers. This study aimed to examine whether TGF-β1 is upregulated in canine cancers. We measured TGF-β1 concentrations in culture supernatants of canine melanoma cell lines and in serum samples from dogs with oral malignant melanoma. TGF-β1 production was observed in several cell lines, and serum TGF-β1 levels were elevated in dogs with oral malignant melanoma. Interestingly, the addition of recombinant TGF-β1 to canine peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures decreased Th1 cytokine production and increased differentiation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ lymphocytes, suggesting that TGF-β1 is immunosuppressive in canine immune systems. We developed a decoy receptor for TGF-β, namely TGF-βRII-Ig, by identifying an open reading frame of the canine TGFBR2 gene. TGF-βRII-Ig was prepared as a recombinant fusion protein of the extracellular region of canine TGF-βRII and the Fc region of canine IgG-B. As expected, TGF-βRII-Ig bound to TGF-β1. In the presence of TGF-β1, the treatment with TGF-βRII-Ig increased Th1 cytokine production and decreased the differentiation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ lymphocytes. Our results suggest that TGF-βRII-Ig competitively inhibits the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β1 and thereby activates immune responses. This study demonstrated the potential of TGF-βRII-Ig as a novel biologic for canine melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Kluthcovsky LC, Queiroz TNDL, Somensi M, Castro JLC, Engracia Filho JR. Angiofibroma of the Nasal Cavity in a Dog: Case Report. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 44:100530. [PMID: 33636377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a histologic benign but locally aggressive vascular tumor described in humans. The description of this disease in dogs is limited. A mixed-breed female dog was presented with a history of epistaxis and nasal discharge. Rhinoscopy and computed tomography revealed a soft-tissue mass obstructing the entire nasal cavity, choana, maxillary recess, and right frontal sinus, but there was no bone or lymph node involvement. Histopathologic evaluation revealed irregular groups of blood vessels within a stroma of connective tissue, with secondary inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed strong vimentin staining, mild factor VIII-related antigen staining, and negative staining for S100. The patient underwent tumor resection with fenestration surgery through the right maxillary bone, and there was tumor recurrence one year after surgery. This case report describes new findings regarding the immunohistochemical evaluation of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in a dog. The laboratory and imaging findings, associated with a long-term follow-up, reinforce similar features between human and canine angiofibroma and may serve as a basis for immunohistochemical evaluation of this tumor in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cavalli Kluthcovsky
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Thayana Neiva de Lima Queiroz
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Malena Somensi
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Costa Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jair Rodini Engracia Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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8
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Chiti LE, Ferrari R, Boracchi P, Morello E, Marconato L, Roccabianca P, Avallone G, Iussich S, Giordano A, Ferraris EI, Agnoli C, Dondi F, Giacobino D, Godizzi F, Stefanello D. Prognostic impact of clinical, haematological, and histopathological variables in 102 canine cutaneous perivascular wall tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:275-283. [PMID: 33386693 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of prognostic factors for perivascular wall tumours (PWTs) is desirable to accurately predict prognosis and guide treatment. 100 and two dogs with surgically excised PWTs without distant metastasis were retrospectively enrolled in this multi-institutional study, and the impact of pre-treatment leukocyte parameters, clinical and histopathological variables on local recurrence (LR) and overall-survival time (OST) were evaluated. Increasing values of white blood cell count (WBCC), neutrophil count (NC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly correlated with the hazard of LR in univariate analysis. WBCC and NC remained prognostic when adjusted for margins, grade, tumour size, location and skin ulceration, but lost their significance when adjusted for mitotic index and necrosis, whilst NLR remained prognostic only when close margins where categorised as infiltrated. Castrated males had a higher hazard of LR than intact males in univariate analysis, but significance was lost in multivariate models. Ulcerated PWTs and those located on the distal extremities had a higher hazard of LR both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Histological grade, necrosis, mitotic count, and infiltrated margins were all associated with LR both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Boxer breed, older age, ulceration, grade III, necrosis >50% and higher mitotic count were correlated with shorter OST, although breed and age lost their significance in multivariate analysis. Prognostication of surgically excised PWTs should be based on both clinical and histopathological variables. If validated in further studies, leukocyte counts and NLR may aid the clinician in identifying dogs at higher risk of LR before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia E Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica I Ferraris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Giacobino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Godizzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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9
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Avallone G, Stefanello D, Ferrari R, Roccabianca P. The controversial histologic classification of canine subcutaneous whorling tumours: The path to perivascular wall tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:3-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical sciences (DIMEVET)University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
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Injection-Site Sarcoma in a Dog: Clinical and Pathological Findings. Case Rep Vet Med 2017; 2017:6952634. [PMID: 29955431 PMCID: PMC6005287 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6952634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report documents the clinical and pathological findings in a dog that rapidly developed a high-grade sarcoma at the site of multiple vaccinations and follows the response to surgery and adjunct treatment with toceranib. An 11-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever presented with dorsocervical subcutaneous masses at the injection site three weeks after receiving DA2PP-Lepto, Rabies, and Bordetella vaccinations. A high-grade soft tissue sarcoma was diagnosed microscopically and immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression of VEGFr, PDGFr, SCF, and EGFR. Repeat surgical resections and targeted treatment with toceranib resulted in a stable remission for nearly two years.
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11
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Sirri R, Sabattini S, Bettini G, Mandrioli L. Reclassification of 21 Presumptive Canine Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (PNST) Using a Literature-Based Immunohistochemical Panel. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to re-evaluate archived samples of canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) morphologically consistent with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs). In each case, an immunohistochemical panel was applied, including α-SMA, calponin, desmin, S-100, GFAP, NSE and Olig2, in order to assess whether the phenotype was consistent with the tumor histological appearance. Additionally, the expression of EGFR, a marker with potential therapeutic implications in malignant PNSTs, was evaluated. Twenty-one tumors were included. Fourteen cases (66.7%) were positive for one or more muscular markers and were reclassified as perivascular tumors (PWTs). A positive labeling for S-100 was observed in one tumor (4.8%), thus classifi ed as PNST. The other 6 tumors were generically classified as poorly differentiated STSs. No unique histopathological feature was observed within the three groups. NSE and Olig2 labeling was aspecific and not useful for diagnostic purposes. GFAP was negative in all cases. Six cases (28.6%) were positive for EGFR, including the PNST. Even after the application of a wide immunohistochemical panel, distinguishing between PNSTs and PWTs remains a challenge. Finally, a subgroup of cases cannot be classified based on light microscopy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Sirri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Avallone G, Pellegrino V, Roccabianca P, Lepri E, Crippa L, Beha G, De Tolla L, Sarli G. Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Expression in Canine Liposarcoma. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:212-217. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816671379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression of tyrosine kinase receptors is attracting major interest in human and veterinary oncological pathology because of their role as targets for adjuvant therapies. Little is known about tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) expression in canine liposarcoma (LP), a soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the TKRs fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor–β (PDGFRβ); their ligands, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB); and c-kit in canine LP. Immunohistochemical labeling was categorized as high or low expression and compared with the mitotic count and MIB-1–based proliferation index. Fifty canine LPs were examined, classified, and graded. Fourteen cases were classified as well differentiated, 7 as myxoid, 25 as pleomorphic, and 4 as dedifferentiated. Seventeen cases were grade 1, 26 were grade 2, and 7 were grade 3. A high expression of FGF2, FGFR1, PDGFB, and PDGFRβ was identified in 62% (31/50), 68% (34/50), 81.6% (40/49), and 70.8% (34/48) of the cases, respectively. c-kit was expressed in 12.5% (6/48) of the cases. Mitotic count negatively correlated with FGF2 ( R = –0.41; P < .01), being lower in cases with high FGF2 expression, and positively correlated with PDGFRβ ( R = 0.33; P < .01), being higher in cases with high PDGFRβ expression. No other statistically significant correlations were identified. These results suggest that the PDGFRβ-mediated pathway may have a role in the progression of canine LP and may thus represent a promising target for adjuvant cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - V. Pellegrino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - P. Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - G. Beha
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - L. De Tolla
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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13
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Avallone G, Roccabianca P, Crippa L, Lepri E, Brunetti B, Bernardini C, Forni M, Olandese A, Sarli G. Histological Classification and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MDM2 and CDK4 Expression in Canine Liposarcoma. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:773-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815626573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine liposarcoma is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma usually arising in the subcutis. While liposarcoma classification in dogs is based solely on histology, in humans it depends on the detection of genetic abnormalities that can lead to specific protein overexpression. This study is an immunohistochemical evaluation of MDM2 and CDK4 expression in canine liposarcoma designed to assess the correlation of these proteins with histologic type, grade, mitotic index and Ki67 labeling index and evaluate their utility in improving tumor classification. Fifty-three liposarcomas were retrospectively collected: 24 were well differentiated liposarcomas (WDL), 16 of which expressed MDM2 and 21 CDK4; 7 were myxoid liposarcomas (ML), 1 of which expressed MDM2 and 5 expressed CDK4; 18 were pleomorphic liposarcomas (PL), all were MDM2 negative and 12 expressed CDK4. Four tumors were morphologically consistent with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) a subtype described only in humans: 3 expressed MDM2 and 4 expressed CDK4. MDM2 expression correlated with histotype (highly expressed in WDL and DDL) and grade (highly expressed in grade 1 tumors). Histotype correlated with the Ki67 labeling index (lowest in WDL and highest in DDL). A revised classification, considering MDM2 expression, allowed 8 WDL to be reclassified as PL and correlated significantly with mitotic and Ki67 labeling index (both significantly lower in WDL and progressively higher in ML and DDL). These results partially parallel data reported for human liposarcomas, suggesting that WDL and DDL are distinct neoplastic entities characterized by MDM2 expression, which may represent a useful diagnostic and potentially prognostic marker for canine liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences
(DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - P. Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public
Health (DIVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - E. Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B. Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences
(DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - C. Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences
(DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - M. Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences
(DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - A. Olandese
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences
(DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences
(DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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