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Adjorlolo S. Seeking and receiving help for mental health services among pregnant women in Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280496. [PMID: 36867597 PMCID: PMC9983869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The heightened vulnerability of women to mental health issues during the period of pregnancy implies that seeking and receiving support for mental health services is a crucial factor in improving the emotional and mental well-being of pregnant women. The current study investigates the prevalence and correlates of seeking and receiving help for mental health services initiated by pregnant women and health professionals during pregnancy. DESIGN Using a cross-sectional design and self-report questionnaires, data were collected from 702 pregnant women in the first, second and third trimesters from four health facilities in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS It was observed that 18.9% of pregnant women self-initiated help-seeking for mental health services whereas 64.8% reported that health professionals asked about their mental well-being, of which 67.7% were offered mental health support by health professionals. Diagnosis of medical conditions in pregnancy (i.e., hypertension and diabetes), partner abuse, low social support, sleep difficulty and suicidal ideation significantly predicted the initiation of help-seeking for mental health services by pregnant women. Fear of vaginal delivery and COVID-19 concerns predicted the provision of mental health support to pregnant women by health professionals. CONCLUSION The low prevalence of individual-initiated help-seeking implies that health professionals have a high responsibility of supporting pregnant women achieve their mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
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Subu MA, Holmes D, Arumugam A, Al-Yateem N, Maria Dias J, Rahman SA, Waluyo I, Ahmed FR, Abraham MS. Traditional, religious, and cultural perspectives on mental illness: a qualitative study on causal beliefs and treatment use. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2123090. [PMID: 36097886 PMCID: PMC9481114 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2123090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited information is known from studies regarding traditional, religious, and cultural perspectives on mental illness and the use of traditional and alternative therapies by mentally ill people in Indonesia. This study explored traditional, religious, and cultural beliefs about causes of mental illness and the use of traditional/alternative treatments for mentally ill patients. METHOD We adopted a qualitative content analysis method as proposed by Schreier. This study was conducted at a mental Hospital in Indonesia. We interviewed 15 nurses and 15 patients. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis method. RESULTS Five discrete but interrelated themes emerged: 1) Possessed illness and belief in supernatural forces; 2) Sinful or cursed illness; 3) Witchcraft or human-made illness; 4) traditional/alternative treatments; and 5) Barriers to treatment of mental illness. CONCLUSION Traditional/alternative treatments play an important role in meeting the need for mental health treatment. The findings are relevant for mental health nurses who provide direct to their patients, and for other areas of mental health practice. We also found a lack of knowledge about the causes of mental illness among patients and families. Education should be at the heart of mental health promotion to raise the level of mental health literacy in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsyad Subu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Adjunct Faculty, Universitas Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dave Holmes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, IL, Canada
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Adjunct Faculty, Universitas Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Syed Azizur Rahman
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imam Waluyo
- Politeknik Yayasan Cahaya Padmakumara, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fatma Refaat Ahmed
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mini Sara Abraham
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Latent structure of psychotic-like experiences in adolescents: Evidence from a multi-method taxometric study of a school-based sample in Ghana. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302:113991. [PMID: 34029985 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are subclinical psychotic symptoms that occur outside the context of sleep or are unrelated to drug use. PLEs of varying severity are reportedly very common in adolescence. However, there are concerns about whether the structure of PLEs among adolescents is latently dimensional or categorical ("taxonic"). The current study investigates the latent structure of PLEs in 1,886 adolescents recruited from senior high schools in Ghana. Four multivariate taxometric procedures (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, l-Mode and MAXSLOPE) were applied to analyze the data. Across the taxometric procedures, there was evidence that a dimensional structure underpins positive PLEs, negative PLEs and a combination of positive and negative PLEs. The findings suggest that PLEs are distributed in the adolescent population at differing degrees/severity and that evidence of discontinuity between milder and more severe PLEs is non-existent. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating a dimensional assessment of PLEs into the existing categorical approach so that differences between people can been seen as quantitative variations along the PLEs continuum.
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Adjorlolo S, Anum A. Positive and negative psychosis risk symptoms among adolescents in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1933110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Research and Grant Institute of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Adote Anum
- Department of PsychologySchool of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Adjorlolo S, Aziato L. Barriers to addressing mental health issues in childbearing women in Ghana. Nurs Open 2020; 7:1779-1786. [PMID: 33072362 PMCID: PMC7544842 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to investigate factors hampering the provision of mental health services by nurses and midwives to childbearing women to assist in the prioritization and distribution of limited mental health resources. Design This is a cross‐sectional self‐report study. Methods Data collected from 309 nurses and midwives were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic, namely chi‐square and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The barriers reported by the participants include unavailability of mental health services (77%), lack of knowledge of mental health in women from different tribes (75.7%), lack of a clear mental healthcare pathway (75.1%), heavy workload (74.1%) and lack of knowledge of mental health issue (74.1%). These barriers are less likely to be reported by participants who are males, old and who have practiced for a long time. Conclusions Systematic effort to restructure the healthcare delivery system, including equipping healthcare professionals with requisite knowledge, skills and competencies in maternal mental health, is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health School of Nursing and Midwifery College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana.,Research and Grant Institute of Ghana Accra Ghana
| | - Lydia Aziato
- Department of Adult Health School of Nursing and Midwifery College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana
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Grover S, Sharma N, Mehra A. Stigma for Mental Disorders among Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2020; 11:237-244. [PMID: 32367977 PMCID: PMC7195947 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of stigma for mental disorders among nursing staff in a tertiary care hospital, and the secondary objective of the study was to assess the correlation of stigma with the socio-demographic profile and previous experience with mentally ill patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among the 210 nurses working in a tertiary care multispecialty teaching public sector hospital in north India. They were evaluated on community attitudes toward the mentally ill (CAMI) scale. Results About two-thirds of the participants (67.1%) were females and had done graduation (64.2%) in nursing. Nearly 50% of the study participants had an experience of working with mentally ill patients. Female had a more significant positive attitude on the domain of social restrictiveness. Authoritarianism had a significant positive correlation with benevolence and social restrictiveness domains. The benevolence domain had a significant correlation with all other domains. Social restrictiveness domain also had a significant correlation with other domains. Conclusion Nurses have a positive attitude toward mentally ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aseem Mehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Deborah TD, Anthony EK, Badu E, Amy BA, Gyamfi N, Josephine AN, Opoku MP. The burden of caregiving among mental health nurses providing services to consumers with depression in Ghana. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:72-80. [PMID: 30920680 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to explore the burden of caregiving among mental health nurses providing services to consumers with depression in Ghana. DESIGN AND METHODS Interpretative phenomenological design and qualitative data FINDINGS: The study shows that several health system constraints and individual factors contribute to the burden of caregiving among mental health nurses. Health system challenges are the poor state of the psychiatric facility, while individual factors are stigmatizing attitudes, nonadherence to medication instructions, limited family support, and physical and verbal abuse. The coping strategies used by mental health nurses are self-motivation, emotional boundaries, and the perceived clinical outcomes of treatment. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Clinical policies, procedures, and health facility practices should adequately address caregiving challenges, to facilitate effective mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetteh Dela Deborah
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edusei Kwaku Anthony
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Badu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Budu-Ainooson Amy
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Naomi Gyamfi
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Adusei-Nkrumah Josephine
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Muiruri PN, Brewer G, Khan R. "If It Wasn't for Ethics, I Wouldn't Go Near Him": An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Caring for Patient-Prisoners in Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2019; 63:2440-2452. [PMID: 31104520 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19849556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Those caring for patient-prisoners experience distinct challenges that may impede effective treatment. Previous studies have investigated these issues from the perspective of forensic or correctional nurses, yet overlooked the lived experiences of nurses based in public health hospitals caring for patient-prisoners. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five nurses caring for patient-prisoners in public hospitals in Kenya. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were identified: fear of patient-prisoner, time constraint, labelling, and optimism on recidivism. The fear of patient-prisoner theme included two sub-themes: perceived dangerousness and communication hindrance. The time constraint theme included three sub-themes: workload, short hospital stay, and task-oriented system. The labelling theme contained the loss of individual identity and representative of a group of sub-themes. Optimism on recidivism involved two sub-themes: reformation and rebuilding one's life. Future research should investigate the extent to which these impact on the patient-prisoner experience.
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Koduah AO, Leung AYM, Leung DYL, Liu JYW. "I Sometimes Ask Patients to Consider Spiritual Care": Health Literacy and Culture in Mental Health Nursing Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193589. [PMID: 31557871 PMCID: PMC6801491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While health literacy influences better outcomes of mental health patients, sociocultural factors shape the nature of the relationship. On this matter, little is known about how sociocultural factors affect health literacy practices of nurses, especially in low-income countries. This paper examines how local precepts, within culture and language, shape mental health nurses’ (MHNs) practice and understanding of patients’ health literacy level in Ghana. The study used a qualitative descriptive design involving 43 MHNs from two psychiatric hospitals. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data. Although the MHNs acknowledged the importance of health literacy associated with patients’ health outcomes, their practice was strongly attributed to patients’ substantial reliance on cultural practices and beliefs that led to misinterpretation and non- compliance to treatments. MHNs shared similar sociocultural ideas with patients and admitted that these directed their health literacy practice. Additionally, numerous health system barriers influenced the adoption of health literacy screening tools, as well as the MHNs’ low health literacy skills. These findings suggest MHNs’ direct attention to the broader social determinants of health to enhance the understanding of culture and its impact on health literacy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwoa Owusuaa Koduah
- Centre of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Angela Y M Leung
- Centre of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Doris Y L Leung
- Centre of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Justina Y W Liu
- Centre of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Badu E, O’Brien AP, Mitchell R. An integrative review of potential enablers and barriers to accessing mental health services in Ghana. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:110. [PMID: 30445980 PMCID: PMC6240297 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of accessible mental health treatment is a global concern, particularly when one in five people will experience a mental health problem in their lifespan. This is no less important in Ghana; however, no studies have yet attempted to appraise and synthesise the potential enablers and barriers to accessing services in Ghana. The aim of this integrative review is therefore to identify and synthesise existing evidence on the barriers and enablers to accessing mental health services in Ghana. METHODS A search of the published literature was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases. The search was limited to papers published in English and within 2000-2018. Using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved papers. A data extraction form and a Critical Appraisal Checklist were used to extract and appraise data, respectively. The integrative review incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data into a single synthesis. RESULTS Out of 42 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 50% used qualitative methods, 33.3% used mixed methods and 16.7% used quantitative methods alone. The potential barriers in accessing mental health services were attitudinal, knowledge about services, treatment cost, transportation and geographical proximity, as well as perceived efficacy of medication. Similarly, the health systems factors contributing to barriers were low priority, limited funding sources, irregular medicine supply, limited services for marginalised groups and poor state of psychiatric facilities, together with poor management of mental health cadres. The potential enablers for service users involved increased decentralisation and integration, task-shifting and existing support services. CONCLUSION The existing evidence on mental health in Ghana is skewed towards weaknesses in the systems and stigma, with rationally little, or no, evidence or emphasis on the effectiveness, or quality of mental health services. These attributes largely neglect the provision of psychiatric services for marginalised mental health service user groups, including children, adolescents, people with disabilities and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Badu
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Anthony Paul O’Brien
- Faculty Health and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, 2308 NSW Australia
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Health Services Research Centre, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
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Dzokoto V, Barnett C, Osei-Tutu A, Briggs A. Mental health reportage in Ghanaian newspapers between 2000 and 2015: A qualitative analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2018.1488557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Dzokoto
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christina Barnett
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Olagunju AT, Oluwaniyi SO, Fadipe B, Ogunnubi OP, Oni OD, Aina OF, Chaimowitz GA. Mental health services in Nigerian prisons: Lessons from a four-year review and the literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2018; 58:79-86. [PMID: 29853016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forensic and correctional mental health services may constitute an important "safety net" for the mentally ill and can ensure a degree of public protection. The increasing prison populations and shift towards humane care of the mentally ill that encompasses promotion of human rights, community re-integration, utilitarian safety and operation of internationally comparable mental health legislations underscore the need to appraise correctional psychiatry services, especially in resource-restricted settings. We present findings from a review of the literature and from mental health services provided to 179 inmates in two Nigerian urban prisons. The mental health services spanned four years and allowed a focus on important issues deserving urgent attention. The mean age of participants was 33.10 years (SD = 9.91) and majority (86.6%) were males. The common clinical diagnoses among participants were schizophrenia (49.3%) and mood disorders (29.6%), while approximately half (46.5%) used psychoactive substances. About one-fifth was evaluated as having high risk for violence-dangerousness based solely on clinical evaluation. The majority (88.4%) presented with a first episode of mental illness, and 14% had a prior correctional history. Gender, marital status and hallucinatory experiences were associated with a high risk of dangerousness (p < 0.05), while gender, use of psychoactive substances, previous history of mental disorders and depot medication indexed participants more likely to have a previous forensic history (p < 0.05). Considering the current findings, we advocate for inclusion of validated tools in risk assessments, multipronged intervention strategy to address the unmet needs of prisoners and improved attention to forensic and correctional mental health in relevant policy-law, service-planning, research and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Toyin Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, 57 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluseun Peter Ogunnubi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osunwale Dahunsi Oni
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji Francis Aina
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gary Andrew Chaimowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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