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Saeedi H, Aboutorabi A, Arazpour M. An evaluation of a bespoke modified UCBL foot orthosis on subjects with flat foot using kinetic measurements and user comfort scores: A randomized controlled trial. Foot (Edinb) 2024; 60:102127. [PMID: 39168021 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2024.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to assess and evaluate the effect of a bespoke Modified UCBL Foot Orthosis (MUFO) using both kinetic parameters (Centre of Pressure (CoP) and the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) pattern) and comfort scores in subjects diagnosed with flat foot. METHOD This study included thirty-four young adults with symptomatic flatfeet. Two Kistler force plates (100 Hz) were used to record the CoP sway and GRF pattern during four conditions; 1) an MUFO and standard-fit shoe; 2) the University of California-Berkley Lab (UCBL) insole and standard-fit shoe; 3) barefoot and 4) standard-fit shoe only. The magnitude of subject comfort with UCBL and MUFO also was measured by a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during walking. RESULTS The MUFO decreased mean lateral displacement in the initial phase and midstance of gait compared to barefoot walking. During the propulsion phase use of the new MUFO produced more lateral excursion with a mean difference of 3 mm) P < 0.001(compared to barefoot walking and standard shoe wear. No significant difference in comfort rate was found between the MUFO and UCBL (P = 0.165). CONCLUSION The MUFO produced effective pronation control and decreased the CoP displacement in all of stance phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Saeedi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Aboutorabi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mokhtar Arazpour
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chinpeerasathian C, Sin Oo P, Siriphorn A, Pensri P. Effect of foot orthoses on balance among individuals with flatfoot: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299446. [PMID: 38457399 PMCID: PMC10923465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with flatfoot have impaired proprioception owing to ligament laxity and impaired tendons, which can result in poor balance. Foot orthoses (FOs) have been reported to stimulate plantar mechanical receptors and are used to manage foot overpronation in individuals with flatfoot. However, the results of the use of FOs to improve balance are inconsistent. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify and investigate the effects of FOs on balance in individuals with flatfoot. Electronic databases were searched for articles published before March 2023. Peer-reviewed journal studies that included adult participants with flexible flatfoot and reported the effects of FOs on balance were included and classified based on the study design: randomized control trials (RCT) and non-RCTs. Four RCT studies were retained, and their methodological quality was assessed (mean, 63.2%; range 47.3%-73.1%: high), as were three non-RCT studies (mean, 54.1%; range, 42.1%-68.4%: high). Meta-analysis was performed by calculating the effect size using the standardized mean differences between the control and FO conditions. Transverse-arch insoles immediately improved static balance after use. However, no immediate significant effect was found for medial archsupport FOs, cuboid-posting FOs, or University of California Berkeley Laboratory FOs during the study period (2-5 weeks) when compared with the controls. The transverse-arch insole is the most effective FO feature for improving static balance. However, the high heterogeneity between study protocols contributes to the lack of evidence for the effects of FO on balance in people with flatfoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatanun Chinpeerasathian
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phyu Sin Oo
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akkradate Siriphorn
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praneet Pensri
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Koltak C, Yurt Y. Comparison of the effects of low level laser and insoles on pain, functioning, and muscle strength in subjects with stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: A randomized study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:1069-1078. [PMID: 34151822 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is known to be effective in tendinopathies. No study yet investigated the effect of LLLT on posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) in comparison to orthotic treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the effects of LLLT and insole application on pain, function and muscle strength in subjects with stage 2 PTTD. METHODS Fifty-two subjects with stage 2 PTTD were randomly assigned to the LLLT and insole groups. The foot pain, function and strength of invertor and evertor muscles of the subjects was evaluated before and after treatment, and after 9 months. RESULTS Significant improvement was observed in the foot function and pain (p< 0.05) in both groups after treatment, but in the 9-month follow-up, the insole group had better values. The increase in 180∘.sec-1 concentric invertor muscle strength was found significant after the treatment and in month-9 as compared to the initial values (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both treatments are effective in reducing treating foot pain, as well as improving the function in subjects with stage 2 PTTD. However, at the end of the 9-month follow-up, it was seen that insoles were more effective. Neither method had a clinically important effect on muscle strength.
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Mahdiyar Z, Saeedi H, Vasaghi-Gharamaleki B, Abdollah V. Immediate effect of prefabricated and UCBL foot orthoses on alignment of midfoot and forefoot in young people with symptomatic flexible flatfoot: A radiographic evaluation. Prosthet Orthot Int 2021; 45:336-342. [PMID: 33840750 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiographic imaging has been considered the gold standard in evaluating the skeletal alignment of the foot in static weightbearing. The effects of foot orthoses on the alignment of foot bones have been mostly evaluated using lateral view x-rays. The posterior-anterior view has not been investigated extensively. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of 2 foot orthoses: University of California Biomechanics Laboratory Orthosis (UCBL) and a prefabricated orthosis (P-FFO) on the alignment of foot bones on anterior-posterior x-rays in young people with symptomatic flexible flatfoot (SFF). STUDY DESIGN This is a randomized, crossover study. METHODS Fifteen participants (mean [SD], 23.67 ± 2 years) with SFF were randomly imaged in 3 different conditions: shoes only, shoes + P-FFO, and shoes + UCBL. The talonavicular coverage, the first and the second talometatarsal angles, the intermetatarsal angle, and the cuboid abduction angle (CAA) were measured on weightbearing, anterior-posterior x-ray images for each condition. RESULTS Both orthotic designs demonstrated a significant reduction in the talonavicular coverage, the first and the second talometatarsal angles, and the CAA compared with the shoe-only condition (P < .001). The talonavicular coverage angle reduced by ∼11% using P-FFO compared with UCBL (P < .005). No significant differences were observed for other angles between the 2 orthotic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Both orthotic conditions improved the talonavicular coverage, first and the second talometatarsal angle, and CAA in young people with SFF. The walls of the UCBL orthosis did not result in further correction of the talonavicular coverage angle compared with the prefabricated FFO design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mahdiyar
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saeedi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Abdollah
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ng JW, Chong LJY, Pan JW, Lam WK, Ho M, Kong PW. Effects of foot orthosis on ground reaction forces and perception during short sprints in flat-footed athletes. Res Sports Med 2020; 29:43-55. [PMID: 32326755 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1755673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prefabricated foot orthosis (FO) is commonly worn for flat foot management. This study aimed to investigate the kinetic and perceptual effects of wearing prefabricated FO among flat-footed athletes during bouts of sprints. Twenty male sprint-based sports athletes who had flat foot bilaterally ran at three test speeds (5, 6, 7 m/s) under two conditions: prefabricated FO and sham FO. Ground reaction force (GRF) variables and subjective perceptions were recorded. Kinetic variability of GRF variables were computed to indicate step-to-step variance. Biomechanically, wearing prefabricated FOs increased vertical impact force (p =.005), loading rate (p =.001), and kinetic variability of peak propulsive force (p =.038) and loading rate (p =.019) during sprinting speeds across 5 to 7 m/s. Subjectively, prefabricated FO provided better arch support (p =.001) but resulted in reduced forefoot cushioning (p =.001), heel cushioning (p =.002), and overall comfort (p =.008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun W Ng
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Lowell J Y Chong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Jing W Pan
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University , Shenyang, China.,Li Ning Sports Science Research Center , Beijing, China
| | - Malia Ho
- Department of Podiatry, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity , Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pui W Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
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Karataş L, Vurallı D, Günendi Z. The effect of medial longitudinal arch height and medial longitudinal arch support insoles on postural balance in perimenopausal women. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:755-760. [PMID: 31023006 PMCID: PMC7018209 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1808-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Changes in balance and postural control have been reported during the perimenopausal period. We investigated the effect of medial longitudinal arch height and medial arch support insoles on postural sway and balance in middle-aged perimenopausal women. Materials and methods 29 women with normal arches and 29 women with low arches were included in the study. The foot arches of the participants were determined using the arch height index. The static balance index (SBI) measured by Kinesthetic Ability Trainer 3000 and functional reach test were used to evaluate postural balance. Measurements were obtained from all participants with and without medial arch support insoles. Results The SBI-total scores without the insoles were found to be significantly higher in the lower arch group than in the normal arch group. SBI-total, SBI-anteroposterior, and SBI-mediolateral scores significantly improved in the low arch group in the presence of insoles, whereas the usage of insoles resulted in no difference in the normal arch group. In the presence of insoles, the reach distances to left and right sides increased in both groups, while the forward functional reach distances decreased. Conclusion Medial longitudinal arch height and medial arch support insoles affect the balance parameters in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Karataş
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doğa Vurallı
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Algology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zafer Günendi
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
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Barati K, Saeedi H, Hajiaghaei B, Jalali M, Curran S. The effect of hydrodynamic insole on foot kinematics in individuals with flexible flatfoot: Case series using a single-subject design. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:407-413. [PMID: 30843471 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919831326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The medial longitudinal arch of the foot is a dynamic structure while walking. The mobility of this structure in people with flexible flatfoot is partially or completely absent. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an insole that was designed to retrieve the medial longitudinal arch mobility in people with flatfoot. The study was a case series using a single-subject design. This single-subject design study was based on three subjects with flexible flatfoot. This study was designed in two phases: the baseline phase and the intervention phase. Each phase included five measurement sessions that were done in 5 consecutive weeks. We used the celeration-line method to detect the significant differences between the phases. Significant differences were recorded in the walking velocity, step length, and medial longitudinal arch mobility parameters when using the hydrodynamic insole. The results of this study showed that using the hydrodynamic insole may have a positive effect on the foot kinematics and gait parameters in people with flexible flatfoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Barati
- 1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,3 Rehabilitation Research Centre, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saeedi
- 1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,3 Rehabilitation Research Centre, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Hajiaghaei
- 1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,3 Rehabilitation Research Centre, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- 1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,3 Rehabilitation Research Centre, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Curran
- 2 Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Gijon-Nogueron G, Palomo-Toucedo I, Gil-Tinoco A, Ortega-Avila AB, Munuera-Martínez PV. Effect produced on ground reaction forces by a prefabricated, weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing foot orthosis in the treatment of pronated foot: Pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10960. [PMID: 29851844 PMCID: PMC6393007 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the changes in ground reaction force (GRF) produced by custom-made weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing foot orthoses and by a prefabricated foot orthosis, in the control of the pronated foot. METHODS Thirty-nine participants were recruited. All were in good health, aged 18 to 25 years, and presented pronated foot. Three different types of foot orthosis were studied: prefabricated, weight-bearing, and nonweight-bearing. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the phases of the gait cycle between the prefabricated, the weight-bearing, and the nonweight-bearing foot orthoses. CONCLUSIONS Neither prefabricated insoles nor custom-made orthoses (weight-bearing or nonweight-bearing) modified GRF.
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