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Pareek P, Thorat A, Chandrasekar C, Khanna P, Kulkarni R. Development and Validation of a Micronutrients Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Questionnaire for Adolescents Using Psychometric Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e65628. [PMID: 39205756 PMCID: PMC11350523 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of a questionnaire that measures knowledge, attitude, and practices towards micronutrients will help to develop nutrition intervention programs. The present study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on micronutrients in adolescents in India. Methods A total of 150 adolescent girls participated in the study. The literature was reviewed to formulate an initial draft of a questionnaire (122 items). Face and content validity were measured by participants and subject experts, respectively, and the content validity index was calculated. Construct validity was assessed using the principal component method of exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined by Cronbach's α value and interclass correlation coefficient correlations, respectively. Results The content validity index for all items except eight items from the practice subscale was satisfactory. Face validity results showed that participants understood all items. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor construct (perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived benefits, readiness to change, and perceived barrier) in the attitude subscale. Internal consistency for knowledge, attitude, and practice items were 0.980, 0.840, and 0.930, respectively. For knowledge and attitude items, interclass correlation coefficient correlation estimates ranged between 0.705 to 0.987 and 0.775 to 0.997, respectively, whereas for practice items, it ranged from 0.701 to 0.945. In the final questionnaire, 134 items consisting of 33 knowledge, 21 attitudes, and 80 practices (55 dietary practices and 25 other practices related to micronutrients) were included. Conclusion The results provided evidence of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire on micronutrients and that can be used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on micronutrients in adolescents. Further studies in different diverse settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pareek
- Clinical Nutrition, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) School of Biomedical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Aparna Thorat
- Clinical Nutrition, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) School of Biomedical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Chethana Chandrasekar
- Clinical Nutrition, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) School of Biomedical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Poonam Khanna
- Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Rashmi Kulkarni
- Clinical Nutrition, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) School of Biomedical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, IND
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Wong HS, Tay JEF, Kaur S, Gan WY, Che'Ya NN, Tan CH, Tung SEH. Knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia of the urban poor adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nutr Health 2024; 30:331-340. [PMID: 36036393 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anaemia has been identified as a major public health problem that affects both developed and developing countries, including Malaysia. To prevent anaemia, knowledge is a key parameter for changing attitudes and practices. Aim: This present study aims to determine the association of knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia with anaemia status of urban poor adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 209 urban poor adolescents (50.7% males and 49.3% females) aged 10 to 17 years old were recruited from eight low-cost flats (People Housing Programme) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia. Anaemia status from the haemoglobin level concentration was determined using HemoCue® 201 + hemoglobinometer. Results: The prevalence of anaemia among urban poor adolescents was 58.4%, particularly prevalent among females (p < 0.001) and household size of six and above (p = 0.036). Only 29.2% and 10.0% of them were found to have good levels of knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia, respectively. Adolescents with high knowledge level tended to be anaemic as compared to poor knowledge level (AOR(95% CI) = 2.20 (1.02, 5.61), p < 0.05) after adjusting for sex, household size and monthly household income. Conclusion: Findings showed high prevalence of anaemia and low levels of knowledge and practices of nutritional anaemia prevention among the urban poor adolescents. Nutrition education and intervention are needed to improve the anaemia status of the urban poor adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Shan Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Janice Ee Fang Tay
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Norasma Che'Ya
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Choon Hui Tan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Yao B, Xu M, Cheng F, Peng M, Mao X. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among patients with anemia towards disease management. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1380710. [PMID: 38835604 PMCID: PMC11149555 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1380710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices among anemia patients toward disease management. Methods This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2023 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine). A self-designed questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information of anemia patients, and assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward disease management. Results A total of 396 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the participants was 57.44 ± 16.80 years, and 52.02% were female. The mean knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores were 11.47 ± 1.73 (possible range: 0-14), 27.32 ± 2.96 (possible range: 7-35), and 40.49 ± 6.06 (possible range: 10-50), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that bachelor's degree or above was independently associated with sufficient knowledge (OR = 2.372, 95%CI: 1.160-4.853, p = 0.018). Knowledge (OR = 1.350, 95%CI: 1.166-1.563, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin within 60-90 g/L (OR = 1.782, 95%CI: 1.090-2.912, p = 0.021) were independently associated with positive attitudes. Moreover, attitudes (OR = 1.618, 95%CI: 1.454-1.799, p < 0.001) and diagnosis ≥1 year (OR = 1.949, 95%CI: 1.171-3.243, p = 0.010) were independently associated with proactive practices. The path analysis demonstrated that knowledge was directly and positively correlated with attitudes (β = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.363-0.647, p = 0.008), and attitudes was directly and positively correlated with practices (β = 1.195, 95% CI: 1.062-1.332, p = 0.007). Moreover, knowledge was indirectly and positively correlated with practice (β = 0.579, 95% CI: 0.434-0.805, p = 0.004). Conclusion Anemia patients have sufficient knowledge, negative attitudes, but proactive practices toward the toward disease management Comprehensive training programs are needed to improve anemia patients practices in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlian Yao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopei Mao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sosanya ME, Freeland-Graves JH, Gbemileke AO, Adesanya OD, Akinyemi OO, Ojezele SO, Samuel FO. Why Acute Undernutrition? A Qualitative Exploration of Food Preferences, Perceptions and Factors Underlying Diet in Adolescent Girls in Rural Communities in Nigeria. Nutrients 2024; 16:204. [PMID: 38257097 PMCID: PMC10819043 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent girls are nutritionally vulnerable due to their rapid growth and increased nutrient requirements. Nigeria has the sixth-largest population in the world. This study qualitatively explored the food preferences, perceptions of nutritive value and factors underlying food consumption of adolescent girls in rural communities in Nigeria. METHODS The data were collected via the free listing of foods and focus group sessions conducted in the Hausa language with 48 unmarried adolescent girls. The discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed using a deductive thematic framework. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 13.0 ± 2.7, and almost half (48%) had a primary school education. A total of 19 and 23 foods were identified as preferred, and perceived as nourishing, respectively. The top 10 foods present on both free lists overlapped considerably in terms of cognitive salience. The focus group themes included nutrition knowledge, food preferences, autonomy, household food allocation, courtship practices, and agricultural landscapes and economic access. The participants had minimal knowledge of nutrients and food groups, and their preferred foods were limited in diversity. The key factors in food preferences were desirable health effects, sensory attributes, and the contribution of foods to a desirable body image for marriage. Household food choices depended on parents. Thus, a desire for independence was an incentive for early marriage, mostly at 13 to 17 years. Gender inequities in household food distribution (quantity) and animal protein intake were reported. The participants believed that boys need more food for strength to impregnate girls. As part of a courtship practice, the girls received gifts of animal source foods from potential suitors. The food options were limited by financial challenges and low agricultural diversity. CONCLUSION To interrupt the cycle of inadequate food consumption and undernutrition in these adolescent girls, policy makers need to promote nutrition education and address the underlying determinants of inequitable access to nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy E. Sosanya
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi 740102, Nigeria;
| | | | | | | | - Oluwaseun O. Akinyemi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200285, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O. Ojezele
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200285, Nigeria
| | - Folake O. Samuel
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
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Rahman MJ, Rahman MM, Kakehashi M, Matsuyama R, Sarker MHR, Ali M, Promitee SK, Prihanto JB, Ahmed A, Shimpuku Y. Impact of eHealth education to reduce anemia among school-going adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2569-2575. [PMID: 38186809 PMCID: PMC10771192 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1010_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent girls are highly vulnerable to developing anemia due to reproductive immaturity, poor personal hygiene, and lack of nutritional intake and health education in rural Bangladesh. Digital health technology is a promising tool to overcome barriers and provide appropriate health guidelines. We aim to evaluate eHealth education's impact and changes in adolescent girls' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding anemia. A 1:1 parallel randomized control trial was conducted among school-going adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh. A total of 138 anemic (mild and moderate) participants were enrolled. We randomized schools to reduce the health education bias through a simple coin toss technique, then allocated participants to the intervention group (n = 69) and control group (n = 69) by stratified random sampling technique. The intervention group received two online counseling sessions and 8-month eHealth education through mobile phone calls and short message service regarding anemia. The control group received the usual care. The primary endpoint changes the anemic level through changing knowledge, healthy lifestyle behavior, and an iron-rich food dietary plan. Per-protocol analysis will utilize to compare the control and intervention groups using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean, SD) will be employed, and continuous variables will be compared using the t-test/Mann-Whitney test. Two-way analysis of variance will assess outcome variables at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months. The 8-month intervention is designed from May 2022 to February 2023. Participants' age range of 10-14 years was 60.9% in the intervention group and 56.5% in the control group. Among the participants, 89.9% and 88.4% were mild anemic; 11.11 (SD ± 0.80) and 11.06 (SD ± 0.96) were mean hemoglobin in the intervention and control groups, respectively. eHealth education is expected to be an effective way to increase knowledge and healthy behavioral change, which can reduce the anemia burden among adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jiaur Rahman
- Global Health Nursing, Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Md Moshiur Rahman
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kakehashi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuyama
- Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Comilla Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaita Kabir Promitee
- Nutrition and Clinical Service Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Chandpur, Bangladesh
| | - Junaidi Budi Prihanto
- Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Sport Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ashir Ahmed
- Department of Advanced Information Technology, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimpuku
- Global Health Nursing, Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Tay JEF, Tung SEH, Kaur S, Gan WY, Che'Ya NN, Tan CH. Seasonality, food security, diet quality and nutritional status in urban poor adolescents in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15067. [PMID: 37700109 PMCID: PMC10497510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonality was shown to have an effect on food availability and accessibility, increasing the risk of food insecurity and causing poor diet quality and malnutrition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine seasonal effects on household food security status, diet quality, and nutritional status of urban poor adolescents in Malaysia. A cohort study was conducted among 164 adolescents aged 10-17 from 12 People Housing Programme in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during the Northeast (November 2021 till March 2022) and Southwest (June 2022 till September 2022) monsoon. Household food security status was measured using the 18-item USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. Dietary intake was determined using a two-days 24-h dietary recall and translated into Standardized Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (S-MHEI). Anthropometric and haemoglobin level measurements were performed to determine nutritional status. Seasonality was found to have a significant effect on overall diet quality (p = 0.021), food groups such as fish (p < 0.001), meat/poultry/eggs (p = 0.003), and legumes/nuts (p < 0.001), and fat nutrient (p = 0.037) as well as anaemia status (p = 0.020) after controlling the confounders. Although food security did not vary with seasons, seasonality affected the consumption of certain food groups as well as anaemia status for urban poor adolescents. Seasonally sensitive nutrition initiatives should be developed to ensure diet adherence to recommendations, ultimately enhancing the diet quality of urban poor adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Ee Fang Tay
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Norasma Che'Ya
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Choon Hui Tan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rahman MM, de Silva A, Sassa M, Islam MR, Aktar S, Akter S. A systematic analysis and future projections of the nutritional status and interpretation of its drivers among school-aged children in South-East Asian countries. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 16:100244. [PMID: 37456534 PMCID: PMC10344936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Nutrition inadequacy during childhood and adolescence can cause suboptimal growth, intergenerational effects on offspring and an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. There is little information on the prevalence and drivers of malnutrition in children aged 5-19 years, in the South-East Asian setting, since most existing interventions have to date targeted undernutrition. We assessed the national prevalence of nutritional indicators, their trends, and associated risk factors among children aged 5-19 years from 11 countries of WHO South-East Asia Region (SEA Region) in order to provide evidence to guide future policy direction. Methods We included 5,210,646 children for analysis from 345 studies and 25 survey datasets. A Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the study. Bayesian regression models were used to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition between 2000 and 2030, and a series of subgroup analyses were performed to assess variation in pooled estimates by different socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO database (CRD42023400104). Findings Overall, pooled analysis demonstrated that indicators of undernutrition in SEA is predicted to decrease between 2000 and 2030 including stunting (36.6%-27.2%), thinness (29.5%-6.2%), and underweight (29.2%-15.9%). However, a substantial increase in prevalence of overweight (6.0% in 2000-16.9% in 2030), and obesity (2.6%-9.5%) are predicted. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies between 2000 and 2030 is predicted to decrease-vitamin A by 84% and vitamin D by 53%. Parents' education levels and household wealth were inversely associated with malnutrition. Children's health-related behaviours, such as unhealthy dietary habits and spending more time watching TV, playing games, or using the computer, were associated with increased chance of overweight and obesity. There were no clear signs of publication bias in our study. Interpretation Our analysis highlights the pattern of a double burden of malnutrition, with clear differences between different socio-demographic groups. Despite a substantial reduction in the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and anaemia since 2000, an emerging increase in overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiencies warrants urgent attention. Funding World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Angela de Silva
- Nutrition and Health for Development Unit, Department of Healthier Populations and Noncommunicable Disease, World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia, India
| | - Miho Sassa
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarmin Aktar
- Global Public Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Akter
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sari P, Herawati DMD, Dhamayanti M, Ma’ruf TLH, Hilmanto D. The Effect of Mobile Health (m-Health) Education Based on WANTER Application on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Regarding Anemia among Female Students in a Rural Area of Indonesia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101933. [PMID: 36292381 PMCID: PMC9601396 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Female students, as adolescent girls, are more at risk of anemia because of high nutritional requirements. Health education through mobile applications influences the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of anemia in adolescent girls. Based on our previous study, several adolescents experienced anemia. This study aims to analyze the effect of health education through mobile applications, namely the WANTER application, on increasing KAP. This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest−posttest design; the sample was divided into an intervention (WANTER application) and a control group (booklet). The study was conducted in a rural area of Indonesia. There were 162 adolescent girls included in the intervention group and as many as 115 adolescent girls in the control group. Our study showed that adolescents’ knowledge and attitude increased significantly in three months after the intervention of WANTER and booklets toward preventing anemia with p < 0.001; however, there was no significant difference in KAP between the control and intervention groups. In addition, there was no improvement in practice, either in the control or intervention groups. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices to prevent anemia need to be continuously improved. Health education through appropriate media for adolescents is very important to make interventions more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Sari
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Meita Dhamayanti
- Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tisa Layalia Hanifah Ma’ruf
- Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dany Hilmanto
- Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
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Effectiveness of Triple Benefit Health Education Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude and Food Security towards Malnutrition among Adolescent Girls in Borno State, Nigeria. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010130. [PMID: 35010256 PMCID: PMC8750727 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge and attitude are essential components of food security as malnutrition remains a critical public health concern among adolescents. The study evaluates the effectiveness of a Triple Benefit Health Education Intervention on knowledge, attitude and food security towards malnutrition among adolescent girls. This was a cluster randomized controlled trial among 417 randomly selected adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years old in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria from October 2019 to March 2020. About 208 respondents were assigned to experimental while 209 to control group, respectively, using an opaque sealed envelope. A structured questionnaire using KoBo Collect Toolbox was used for the collection of data at baseline, three and six-months post intervention while the data collected were analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE). The outcome of the baseline shows no statistically significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and food security between experimental and control groups. The study reveals a statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups for knowledge (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), attitude (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) and food security (p = 0.026; p = 0.001) at three and six-months post intervention, respectively. The triple benefit health education intervention package employed in this study can serve as an intervention tool to combat malnutrition among adolescent girls in Nigeria at large.
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