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Acharya D, Kazui T, Al Rameni D, Acharya T, Betterton E, Juneman E, Loyaga-Rendon R, Lotun K, Shetty R, Chatterjee A. Aortic valve disorders and left ventricular assist devices. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1098348. [PMID: 36910539 PMCID: PMC9996073 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1098348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve disorders are important considerations in advanced heart failure patients being evaluated for left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and those on LVAD support. Aortic insufficiency (AI) can be present prior to LVAD implantation or develop de novo during LVAD support. It is usually a progressive disorder and can lead to impaired LVAD effectiveness and heart failure symptoms. Severe AI is associated with worsening hemodynamics, increased hospitalizations, and decreased survival in LVAD patients. Diagnosis is made with echocardiographic, device assessment, and/or catheterization studies. Standard echocardiographic criteria for AI are insufficient for accurate diagnosis of AI severity. Management of pre-existing AI includes aortic repair or replacement at the time of LVAD implant. Management of de novo AI on LVAD support is challenging with increased risks of repeat surgical intervention, and percutaneous techniques including transcatheter aortic valve replacement are assuming greater importance. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive approach to contemporary diagnosis and management of aortic valve disorders in the setting of LVAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Acharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Toshinobu Kazui
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Dina Al Rameni
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tushar Acharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Edward Betterton
- Artificial Heart Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Elizabeth Juneman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Kapildeo Lotun
- Division of Cardiology, Carondelet Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ranjith Shetty
- Division of Cardiology, Carondelet Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Arka Chatterjee
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Chaudhry S, DeVore AD, Vidula H, Nassif M, Mudy K, Birati EY, Gong T, Atluri P, Pham D, Sun B, Bansal A, Najjar SS. Left Ventricular Assist Devices: A Primer For the General Cardiologist. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027251. [PMID: 36515226 PMCID: PMC9798797 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Durable implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been shown to improve survival and quality of life for patients with stage D heart failure. Even though LVADs remain underused overall, the number of patients with heart failure supported with LVADs is steadily increasing. Therefore, general cardiologists will increasingly encounter these patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the field of durable LVADs. We discuss which patients should be referred for consideration of advanced heart failure therapies. We summarize the basic principles of LVAD care, including medical and surgical considerations. We also discuss the common complications associated with LVAD therapy, including bleeding, infections, thrombotic issues, and neurologic events. Our goal is to provide a primer for the general cardiologist in the recognition of patients who could benefit from LVADs and in the principles of managing patients with LVAD. Our hope is to "demystify" LVADs for the general cardiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit‐Preet Chaudhry
- Division of CardiologyAscension St. Vincent Heart CenterIndianapolisIN,Ascension St. Vincent Cardiovascular Research InstituteIndianapolisIN
| | - Adam D. DeVore
- Department of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - Himabindu Vidula
- Division of Heart Failure and TransplantUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNY
| | - Michael Nassif
- Division of Heart failure and TransplantSaint Luke’s Mid America Heart InstituteKansas CityMO
| | - Karol Mudy
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryMinneapolis Heart InstituteMinneapolisMN
| | - Edo Y. Birati
- The Lydia and Carol Kittner, Lea and Benjamin Davidai Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and SurgeryPadeh‐Poriya Medical Center, Bar Ilan UniversityPoriyaIsrael
| | - Timothy Gong
- Center for Advanced Heart and Lung DiseaseBaylor Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Duc Pham
- Center for Advanced Heart FailureBluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Benjamin Sun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Abbott Northwestern HospitalMinneapolisMN
| | - Aditya Bansal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of SurgeryOchsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLA
| | - Samer S. Najjar
- Division of Cardiology, MedStar Heart and Vascular InstituteMedstar Medical GroupBaltimoreMD
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