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Mastrangelo F, Dioguardi M, LA Femina L, Gaudelli F, Cattoni F, Ferrini F, Bova F, Bizzoca ME, Gherlone EF, Lo Muzio L. IL-37 evaluation in chronic periodontitis after periodontal treatment with and without low level laser therapy. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2024; 73:149-154. [PMID: 38358402 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease poses a significant global health challenge. Traditional treatments focus on reducing inflammation and bacterial load, yet novel approaches are continually being investigated. Recent research suggests that IL-37, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, may play a crucial role in modulating the inflammatory processes associated with periodontal disease. In conjunction with IL-37, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has gained attention for its potential in promoting tissue repair, reducing inflammation, and enhancing cellular processes. This study aims to investigate the effects of LLLT on IL-37 in periodontal disease management. METHODS Thirty patients were enrolled: the G1 group patients were treated with only scaling and root planning-SRP, the G2 group was treated with SRP and LLLT. Before treatment (T0) all periodontal probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing were obtained. Before (T0) and 10 (T1), 30 (T2) and 60 (T3) days after treatment, was achieved plaque sample and specimens of gingival crevicular fluid. Diode laser wavelength range was used between 600-1000 nm and 0.04-60 J/cm2 energy density for 3-s spotlights. RESULTS In all patients PPD, BOP and IL-37 have shown healing improved parameters. CONCLUSIONS Although LLLT is widely recommended for its biostimulatory and anti-inflammatory roles, it only showed additional short-term merits in reducing the pocket depth after conventional SRP. Its long-term adjunctive benefits remain unclear. Future RCTs with better study designs, adequate sample power and longer durations of follow-up are required to assess the effectiveness of LLLT as an adjunctive treatment strategy in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia LA Femina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Federico Gaudelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Bova
- Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Bizzoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy -
| | | | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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2
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Abi Rached S, Chakar C, Samarani R, Menassa G, Sembronio S, Pucci R, Calabrese L, Cantore S, Malcangi A, Spirito F, DI Cosola M. Radiographic marginal bone level evaluation around two different tissue-level implant systems: a one-year prospective study. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:298-311. [PMID: 37326504 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marginal bone loss, is a frequently reported variable in the evaluation of dental implants. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate radiographic marginal bone level changes around the two different tissue-level implant systems placed adjacently in the posterior maxilla or mandible. The influence of implant macro-geometry and vertical soft tissue thickness on marginal bone loss were also evaluated. METHODS Seven patients were included in the study and a total of 18 implants were analyzed. Each patient received two different implants placed adjacently in the maxilla or the mandible. The implants used in our study were either Straumann® SP cylindrical implants or JD Octa® tapered implants. During the surgery, vertical soft-tissue thickness was measured with a periodontal probe placed on the top of the bony crest and in the center of the future implant site. Healing abutments were then seated. Three months following implant placement, impressions were taken, and screw-retained metal ceramic prostheses were delivered. Standardized intraoral radiographs were taken immediately after implant placement and one year following implant loading in order to assess marginal bone level changes. RESULTS Results showed a mean marginal bone loss of 0.55±0.5 mm for Straumann® SP implants and 0.39±0.49 mm for JD Octa® implants after one year of loading and the difference was not statistically significant between the two systems. A statistically significant correlation was found between soft tissue thickness and marginal bone loss; in sites with thin mucosal tissues (≤2 mm), there was significantly greater bone loss compared to sites with thick, soft tissues (> 2 mm) in both implants. CONCLUSIONS Radiographic marginal bone loss was not statistically different between the two implant systems at the one-year examination period. Moreover, vertical soft tissue thickness influenced marginal bone loss regardless of the implant system used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Abi Rached
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cranio-Facial Research Laboratory, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carole Chakar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cranio-Facial Research Laboratory, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawad Samarani
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cranio-Facial Research Laboratory, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gabriel Menassa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cranio-Facial Research Laboratory, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salvatore Sembronio
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Hospital of Udine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Resi Pucci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Calabrese
- Department of Oral Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Regional Dental Community Service "Sorriso & Benessere - Ricerca e Clinica", Bari, Italy -
| | | | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele DI Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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3
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Arrigoni R, Ballini A, Topi S, Bottalico L, Jirillo E, Santacroce L. Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101431. [PMID: 36290089 PMCID: PMC9598247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti-Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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4
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Epigenetic Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8876265. [PMID: 33149742 PMCID: PMC7603635 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8876265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, affects gene expression without modifying the primary DNA sequence and modulates cell fate. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, also called dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), exhibit multipotent differentiation capacity and can promote various biological processes, including odontogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Over the past decades, increased attention has been attracted by the use of DPSCs in the field of regenerative medicine. According to a series of studies, epigenetic regulation is essential for DPSCs to differentiate into specialized cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs.
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5
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LncRNA LEF1-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via sponging miR-24-3p. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:161-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Electrical Stimulation through Conductive Substrate to Enhance Osteo-Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising cellular sources for bone healing. The acceleration of their differentiation should be beneficial to their clinical application. Therefore, a conductive polypyrrole (PPy)-made electrical stimulation (ES) device was fabricated to provide direct-current electric field (DCEF) treatment, and its effect on osteo-differentiation of hDPSCs was investigated in this study. To determine the optimal treating time, electrical field of 0.33 V/cm was applied to hDPSCs once for 4 h on different days after the osteo-induction. The alizarin red S staining results suggested that ES accelerated the mineralization rates of hDPSCs. The quantification analysis results revealed a nearly threefold enhancement in calcium deposition by ES at day 0, 2, and 4, whereas the promotion effect in later stages was in vain. To determine the ES-mediated signaling pathway, the expression of genes in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and related receptors were quantified using qPCR. In the early stages of osteo-differentiation, the mRNA levels of BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, and BMP5 were increased significantly in the ES groups, indicating that these genes were involved in the specific signaling routes induced by ES. We are the first using DCEF to improve the osteo-differentiation of hDPSCs, and our results promise the therapeutic applications of hDPSCs on cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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7
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Patel J, Sheth T, Thakore D, Dhamat D. Biomimetics in Endodontics: A Review of the Changing Trends in Endodontics. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206818816186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Newer scientific technological advancement in dentistry provides an array of projects such as molecular biology, cell culturing, tissue grafting, and tissue engineering. Conventional root canal treatment, apexification with biomaterials, and extractions are the procedures of choice to treat a nonvital tooth. These treatment options do not give predictable outcomes in the regeneration of the pulp tissue. This can be easily achieved by regenerative endodontics wherein the diseased or a nonvital tooth is replaced by a healthy and functional pulp-dentin complex. The rationale for regenerative endodontics follows tissue engineering techniques. This article reviews the shift in regenerative endodontic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalak Patel
- Atria Complex-1, Opposite Bank of India, Manjapur Main Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejal Sheth
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhwanit Thakore
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharmesh Dhamat
- Atria Complex-1, Opposite Bank of India, Manjapur Main Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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8
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DE Colli M, Radunovic M, Zizzari VL, DI Giacomo V, DI Nisio C, Piattelli A, Calvo Guirado JL, Zavan B, Cataldi A, Zara S. Osteoblastic differentiating potential of dental pulp stem cells in vitro cultured on a chemically modified microrough titanium surface. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:197-205. [PMID: 29415969 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Titanium surface modification is critical for dental implant success. Our aim was to determine surfaces influence on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) viability and differentiation. Implants were divided into sandblasted/acid-etched (control) and sandblasted/acid-etched coated with calcium and magnesium ions (CaMg), supplied as composite (test). Proliferation was evaluated by MTT, differentiation checking osteoblastic gene expression, PGE2 secretion and matrix formation, inflammation by Interleukin 6 (IL-6) detection. MTT and IL-6 do not modify on test. A PGE2 increase on test is recorded. BMP2 is higher on test at early experimental points, Osterix and RUNX2 augment later. Alizarin-red S reveals higher matrix production on test. These results suggest that test surface is more osteoinductive, representing a start point for in vivo studies aiming at the construction of more biocompatible dental implants, whose integration and clinical performance are improved and some undesired effects, such as implant stability loss and further surgical procedures, are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chiara DI Nisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara
| | - José L Calvo Guirado
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Catolica San Antonio De Murcia (UCAM)
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara
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9
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Lee H, Uddin MS, Lee SW, Choi S, Park JB. Effects of Bambusa tulda on the proliferation of human stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5696-5702. [PMID: 29285111 PMCID: PMC5740747 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the effects of Bambusa tulda on stem cells have not been thoroughly assessed. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bambusa tulda extract on the morphology and proliferative potential of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the gingiva. The stem cells were cultured in a growth medium in the presence of Bambusa tulda methanolic extract (BBT) at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1%. Evaluation of cell morphology and cellular proliferation as well as immunofluorescent assays for collagen I were performed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Stem cells in the control group displayed a fibroblast-like morphology, and BBT treatment did not produce any noticeable morphological changes. However, application of 1% BBT produced a significant increase in cell proliferation. BBT, particularly at the concentration of 1%, also caused a noticeable increase of collagen I expression at day 1 and day 3. Based on these findings, it was concluded that BBT exerted beneficial effects on the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and enhanced collagen I expression at early time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Salah Uddin
- Ethnobotanical Database of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1208, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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10
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Radunovic M, De Colli M, De Marco P, Di Nisio C, Fontana A, Piattelli A, Cataldi A, Zara S. Graphene oxide enrichment of collagen membranes improves DPSCs differentiation and controls inflammation occurrence. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2312-2320. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Radunovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade; Belgrade 11000 Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
| | - Marianna De Colli
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
| | - Chiara Di Nisio
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical; Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66100 Italy
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11
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Gazarian KG, Ramírez-García LR. Human Deciduous Teeth Stem Cells (SHED) Display Neural Crest Signature Characters. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170321. [PMID: 28125654 PMCID: PMC5268458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental tissues are sources of neural crest origin multipotent stem cells whose regenerative potential is a focus of extensive studies. Rational programming of clinical applications requires a more detailed knowledge of the characters inherited from neural crest. Investigation of neural crest cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells provided opportunity for their comparison with the postnatal dental cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the culture conditions in the expression by dental cells of neural crest characters. The results of the study demonstrate that specific neural crest cells requirements, serum-free, active WNT signaling and inactive SMAD 2/3, are needed for the activity of the neural crest characters in dental cells. Specifically, the decreasing concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) from regularly used for dental cells 10% to 2% and below, or using serum-free medium, led to emergence of a subset of epithelial-like cells expressing the two key neural crest markers, p75 and HNK-1. Further, the serum-free medium supplemented with neural crest signaling requirements (WNT inducer BIO and TGF-β inhibitor REPSOX), induced epithelial-like phenotype, upregulated the p75, Sox10 and E-Cadherin and downregulated the mesenchymal genes (SNAIL1, ZEB1, TWIST). An expansion medium containing 2% FBS allowed to obtain an epithelial/mesenchymal SHED population showing high proliferation, clonogenic, multi-lineage differentiation capacities. Future experiments will be required to determine the effects of these features on regenerative potential of this novel SHED population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlen G. Gazarian
- Department of Medicine Genomics and Environmental Toxicity, Institute of Biomedical Research, Mexican National Autonomous University, Mexico City, University Campus, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Luis R. Ramírez-García
- Department of Medicine Genomics and Environmental Toxicity, Institute of Biomedical Research, Mexican National Autonomous University, Mexico City, University Campus, Mexico
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12
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Vitamin D Effects on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9150819. [PMID: 27956902 PMCID: PMC5124467 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9150819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D (Vit D), increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, maintaining a correct balance of bone remodeling. Vit D has an anabolic effect on the skeletal system and is key in promoting osteoblastic differentiation of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow. MSCs can be also isolated from the immature form of the tooth, the dental bud: Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs) are adult stem cells that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this work we investigated the effect of Vit D on DBSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. Our data demonstrate that DBSCs, cultured in an opportune osteogenic medium, differentiate into osteoblast-like cells; Vit D treatment stimulates their osteoblastic features, increasing the expression of typical markers of osteoblastogenesis like RUNX2 and Collagen I (Coll I) and, in a more important way, determining a higher production of mineralized matrix nodules.
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13
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Calcium Hydroxide–induced Proliferation, Migration, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Mineralization via the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2016; 42:1355-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Di Benedetto A, Brunetti G, Posa F, Ballini A, Grassi FR, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Rossi E, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Lo Muzio L, Grano M, Mori G. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental bud: Role of integrins and cadherins. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:618-628. [PMID: 26513557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair and regeneration. New sources of stem cells in adult organisms are continuously emerging; dental tissues have been identified as a source of postnatal MSCs. Dental bud is the immature precursor of the tooth, is easy to access and we show in this study that it can yield a high number of cells with ≥95% expression of mesenchymal stemness makers and osteogenic capacity. Thus, these cells can be defined as Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs) representing a promising source for bone regeneration of stomatognathic as well as other systems. Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells are critical for tissue morphogenesis and architecture; such interactions are mediated by integrins and cadherins respectively. We characterized DBSCs for the expression of these adhesion receptors and examined their pattern during osteogenic differentiation. Our data indicate that N-cadherin and cadherin-11 were expressed in undifferentiated DBSCs and their expression underwent changes during the osteogenic process (decreasing and increasing respectively), while expression of E-cadherin and P-cadherin was very low in DBSCs and did not change during the differentiation steps. Such expression pattern reflected the mesenchymal origin of DBSCs and confirmed their osteoblast-like features. On the other hand, osteogenic stimulation induced the upregulation of single subunits, αV, β3, α5, and the formation of integrin receptors α5β1 and αVβ3. DBSCs differentiation toward osteoblastic lineage was enhanced when cells were grown on fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VTN), and osteopontin (OPN), ECM glycoproteins which contain an integrin-binding sequence, the RGD motif. In addition we established that integrin αVβ3 plays a crucial role during the commitment of MSCs to osteoblast lineage, whereas integrin α5β1 seems to be dispensable. These data suggest that functionalization of biomaterials with such ECM proteins would improve bone reconstruction therapies starting from dental stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Di Benedetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Posa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Roberto Grassi
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Enzo Rossi
- Private Practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Poggio a Caiano, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta A Cavalcanti-Adam
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry
- University of Heidelberg AND Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy
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An S, Huang X, Gao Y, Ling J, Huang Y, Xiao Y. FGF-2 induces the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells and modulates their osteoblastic phenotype by affecting Runx2 expression in the presence and absence of osteogenic inducers. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:705-11. [PMID: 26133673 PMCID: PMC4533781 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact phenotype of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) remains a controversial area. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) exhibits various functions and its effect on hPDLCs is also controversial. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of FGF-2 on the growth and osteoblastic phenotype of hPDLCs with or without osteogenic inducers (dexamethasone and β-glycerophosphate). FGF-2 was added to defined growth culture medium and osteogenic inductive culture medium. Cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were measured. The selected differentiation markers, Runx2, collagen type I, α1 (Col1a1), osteocalcin (OCN) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), were investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Runx2 and OCN protein expression was measured by western blotting. FGF-2 significantly increased the proliferation of hPDLCs, but did not affect alkaline phosphatase activity. RT-qPCR analysis revealed enhanced mRNA expression of Runx2, OCN and EGFR, but suppressed Col1a1 gene expression in the absence of osteogenic inducers, whereas all these gene levels had no clear trend in their presence. The Runx2 protein expression was clearly increased, but the OCN protein level showed no evident trend. The mineralization assay demonstrated that FGF-2 inhibited mineralized matrix deposition with osteogenic inducers. These results suggested that FGF-2 induces the growth of immature hPDLCs, which is a competitive inhibitor of epithelial downgrowth, and suppresses their differentiation into mineralized tissue by affecting Runx2 expression. Therefore, this may lead to the acceleration of periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng An
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiangya Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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Jeong SH, Lee JE, Kim BB, Ko Y, Park JB. Evaluation of the effects of Cimicifugae Rhizoma on the morphology and viability of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:629-634. [PMID: 26622366 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cimicifugae Rhizoma is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat various diseases in Korea, China and Japan. Cimicifugae Rhizoma is primarily derived from Cimicifuga heracleifolia Komarov or Cimicifuga foetida Linnaeus. Cimicifugae Rhizoma has been used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic remedy. The present study was performed to evaluate the extracts of Cimicifugae Rhizoma on the morphology and viability of human stem cells derived from gingiva. Stem cells derived from gingiva were grown in the presence of Cimicifugae Rhizoma at final concentrations that ranged from 0.001 to 1,000 µg/ml. The morphology of the cells was viewed under an inverted microscope and the analysis of cell proliferation was performed using a Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Under an optical microscope, the control cells exhibited a spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology. The shapes of the cells in the groups treated with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml Cimicifugae Rhizoma were similar to the shapes in the control group. Significant alterations in morphology were noted in the 100 and 1,000 µg/ml groups when compared with the control group. The cells in the 100 and 1,000 µg/ml groups were rounder, and fewer cells were present. The cultures that were grown in the presence of Cimicifugae Rhizoma at a concentration of 0.001 µg/ml on day 1 had an increased CCK-8 value. The cultures grown in the presence of Cimicifugae Rhizoma at a concentration of 10 µg/ml on day 7 had a reduced CCK-8 value. Within the limits of this study, Cimicifugae Rhizoma influenced the viability of stem cells derived from the gingiva, and its direct application onto oral tissues may have adverse effects at high concentrations. The concentration and application time of Cimicifugae Rhizoma should be meticulously controlled to obtain optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Chungju Hospital of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Bae Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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17
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Salehi S, Gwinner F, Mitchell JC, Pfeifer C, Ferracane JL. Cytotoxicity of resin composites containing bioactive glass fillers. Dent Mater 2015; 31:195-203. [PMID: 25564110 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the in vitro cytotoxicity of dental composites containing bioactive glass fillers. METHODS Dental composites (50:50 Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin: 72.5wt% filler, 67.5%Sr-glass and 5% OX50) containing different concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15wt%) of two sol-gel bioactive glasses, BAG65 (65mole% SiO2, 31mole% CaO, 4mole% P2O5) and BAG61 (3mole% F added) were evaluated for cytotoxicity using Alamar Blue assay. First, composite extracts were obtained from 7 day incubations of composites in cell culture medium at 37°C. Undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21) were exposed to dilutions of the original extracts for 3, 5, and 7 days. Then freshly cured composite disks were incubated with OD-21 cells (n=5) for 2 days. Subsequently, fresh composite disks were incubated in culture medium at 37°C for 7 days, and then the extracted disks were incubated with OD-21 cells for 2 days. Finally, fresh composites disks were light cured for 3, 5, and 20s and incubated with OD-21 cells (n=5) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. To verify that the three different curing modes produced different levels of degree of conversion (DC), the DC of each composite was determined by FTIR. Groups (n=5) were compared with ANOVA/Tukey's (α≤0.05). RESULTS Extracts from all composites significantly reduced cell viability until a dilution of 1:8 or lower, where the extract became equal to the control. All freshly-cured composites showed significantly reduced cell viability at two days. However, no reduction in cell viability was observed for any composite that had been previously soaked in media before exposure to the cells. Composites with reduced DC (3s vs. 20s cure), as verified by FTIR, showed significantly reduced cell viability. SIGNIFICANCE The results show that the composites, independent of composition, had equivalent potency in terms of reducing the viability of the cells in culture. Soaking the composites for 7 days before exposing them to the cells suggested that the "toxic" components had been extracted and the materials were no longer cytotoxic. The results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of composites with and without BAG must predominantly be attributed to the release of residual monomers, and not to the presence of the BAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satin Salehi
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Fernanda Gwinner
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Carmem Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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18
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Jeong SH, Lee JE, Jin SH, Ko Y, Park JB. Effects of Asiasari radix on the morphology and viability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the gingiva. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3315-9. [PMID: 25310251 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs used in traditional Oriental medicine, which have been in use clinically for thousands of years, are attractive sources of novel therapeutics or preventatives. Asiasari radix (A. radix) has been suggested for use in the treatment of dental diseases, including toothache and aphthous stomatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of A. radix extracts on the morphology and viability of human stem cells derived from the gingiva. An Asiasarum heterotropoides extract was centrifuged and freeze-dried in a lyophilizer. Stem cells derived from the gingiva were grown in the presence of A. radix at concentrations ranging between 0.1 µg/ml and 1 mg/ml (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 µg/ml). Cell morphology was evaluated with an optical microscope and the viability of the cells was quantitatively analyzed with a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for up to seven days. The untreated control group exhibited normal fibroblast morphology. The shapes of the cells following 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml A. radix treatments were similar to those of the control group. However, a significant change was noted in the 1,000 µg/ml group on day 1, when compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, on day 7, the shapes of the cells following 100 and 1,000 µg/ml A. radix treatments were rounder and fewer cells were present, when compared with those of the control group. The cultures that grew in the presence of A. radix did not exhibit any changes in the CCK‑8 assay on day 2; however, significant reductions in cell viability were noticed following 100 and 1,000 µg/ml A. radix treatment on days 5 and 7. Within the limits of this study, A. radix influenced the viability of the stem cells derived from the gingiva. Thus, the direct application of A. radix to oral tissues may produce adverse effects at high doses. Therefore, the concentration and application time of A. radix requires meticulous control to obtain optimal results. These effects require consideration, if the use of A. radix is planned for the treatment of dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Chungju Hospital of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 390‑711, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Jin
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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19
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Jin SH, Lee JE, Yun JH, Kim I, Ko Y, Park JB. Isolation and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells from gingival connective tissue. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:461-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Jin
- Department of Periodontics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - J. E. Lee
- Department of Periodontics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - J-H. Yun
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Dentistry; School of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon Korea
| | - I. Kim
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Department of Dentistry; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Uijeongbu Korea
| | - Y. Ko
- Department of Periodontics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - J. B. Park
- Department of Periodontics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
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20
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Morad G, Kheiri L, Khojasteh A. Dental pulp stem cells for in vivo bone regeneration: a systematic review of literature. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1818-27. [PMID: 24095289 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review of literature was aimed to assess in vivo experiments which have evaluated the efficacy of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for bone regeneration. DESIGN An electronic search of English-language papers was conducted on PubMed database. Studies that assessed the use of DPSCs in bone regeneration in vivo were included and experiments evaluating regeneration of hard tissues other than bone were excluded. The retrieved articles were thoroughly reviewed according to the source of stem cell, cell carrier, the in vivo experimental model, defect type, method of evaluating bone regeneration, and the obtained results. Further assessment of the results was conducted by classifying the studies based on the defect type. RESULTS Seventeen papers formed the basis of this systematic review. Sixteen out of 17 experiments were performed on animal models with mouse and rat being the most frequently used animal models. Seven out of 17 animal studies, contained subcutaneous pockets on back of the animal for stem cell implantation. In only one study hard tissue formation was not observed. Other types of defects used in the retrieved studies, included cranial defects and mandibular bone defects, in all of which bone formation was reported. CONCLUSION When applied in actual bone defects, DPSCs were capable of regenerating bone. Nevertheless, a precise conclusion regarding the efficiency of DPSCs for bone regeneration is yet to be made, considering the limited number of the in vivo experiments and the heterogeneity within their methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Morad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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22
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Otabe K, Muneta T, Kawashima N, Suda H, Tsuji K, Sekiya I. Comparison of Gingiva, Dental Pulp, and Periodontal Ligament Cells From the Standpoint of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Properties. CELL MEDICINE 2012; 4:13-21. [PMID: 26858852 DOI: 10.3727/215517912x653319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in oral tissues still remain unknown though their existence has been previously reported. We collected gingiva, dental pulp, and periodontal ligament tissues from removed teeth and isolated MSCs. These MSCs were compared in terms of their yields per tooth, surface epitopes, and differentiation potentials by patient-matched analysis. For in vivo calcification analysis, rat gingival and dental pulp cells mounted on β-tricalcium phospateTCP were transplanted into the perivertebral muscle of rats for 6 weeks. Gingival cells and dental pulp cells showed higher yield per tooth than periodontal ligament cells (n=6, p<0.05). Yields of periodontal ligament cells were too low for further analysis. Gingival and dental pulp cells expressed MSC markers such as CD44, CD90, and CD166. Gingival and dental pulp cells obtained phenotypes of chondrocytes and adipocytes in vitro. Approximately 60% of the colonies of gingival cells and 40% of the colonies of dental pulp cells were positively stained with alizarin red in vitro, and both gingival and dental pulp cells were calcified in vivo. We clarified properties of MSCs derived from removed teeth. We could obtain a high yield of MSCs with osteogenic potential from gingiva and dental pulp. These results indicate that gingiva and dental pulp are putative cell sources for hard tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Otabe
- Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; †Global Center of Excellence Program for International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- ‡ Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideaki Suda
- †Global Center of Excellence Program for International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; ‡Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- † Global Center of Excellence Program for International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- § Cartilage Regeneration, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
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23
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Semeghini MS, Fernandes RR, Chimello DT, de Oliveira FS, Bombonato-Prado KF. In vitro evaluation of the odontogenic potential of mouse undifferentiated pulp cells. Braz Dent J 2012; 23:328-36. [PMID: 23207845 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the odontogenic potential of undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21 cell line) through chemical stimuli in vitro. Cells were divided into uninduced cells (OD-21), induced cells (OD-21 cultured in supplemented medium/OD-21+OM) and odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23 cell line). After 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of culture, it was evaluated: proliferation and cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, mineralization, immunolocalization of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) and quantification of genes ALP, OSTERIX (Osx), DMP1 and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05). There was a decrease in cell proliferation in OD-21 + OM, whereas cell viability was similar in all groups, except at 7 days. The amount of total protein was higher in group OD-21 + OM in all periods; the same occurred with ALP activity after 10 days when compared with OD-21, with no significant differences from the MDPC-23 group. Mineralization was higher in OD-21+OM when compared with the negative control. Immunolocalization demonstrated that DMP1 and ALP were highly expressed in MDPC-23 cells and OD-21 + OM cells, whereas OPN was high in all groups. Real-time PCR revealed that DMP1 and ALP expression was higher in MDPC-23 cell cultures, whereas RUNX2 was lower for these cells and higher for OD-21 negative control. Osx expression was lower for OD-21 + OM. These results suggest that OD-21 undifferentiated pulp cells have odontogenic potential and could be used in dental tissue engineering.
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Mori G, Ballini A, Carbone C, Oranger A, Brunetti G, Di Benedetto A, Rapone B, Cantore S, Di Comite M, Colucci S, Grano M, Grassi FR. Osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:480-7. [PMID: 22927773 PMCID: PMC3427952 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are defined as clonogenic cells capable of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. A population of these cells has been identified in human Dental Follicle (DF). Dental Follicle Stem Cells (DFSCs) were found in pediatric unerupted wisdom teeth and have been shown to differentiate, under particular conditions, into various cell types of the mesenchymal tissues. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate if cells isolated from DF show stem features, differentiate toward osteoblastic phenotype and express osteoblastic markers. METHODS We studied the immunophenotype of DFSCs by flow cytometric analysis, the osteoblastic markers of differentiated DFSCs were assayed by histochemical methods and real-time PCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that DFSCs expressed a heterogeneous assortment of makers associated with stemness. Moreover DFSCs differentiated into osteoblast-like cells, producing mineralized matrix nodules and expressed the typical osteoblastic markers, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Collagen I (Coll I). CONCLUSION This study suggests that DFSCs may provide a cell source for tissue engineering of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy.
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25
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Telles PD, Machado MADAM, Sakai VT, Nör JE. Pulp tissue from primary teeth: new source of stem cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:189-94. [PMID: 21625731 PMCID: PMC4234327 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SHED (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth) represent a population of postnatal stem cells capable of extensive proliferation and multipotential differentiation. Primary teeth may be an ideal source of postnatal stem cells to regenerate tooth structures and bone, and possibly to treat neural tissue injury or degenerative diseases. SHED are highly proliferative cells derived from an accessible tissue source, and therefore hold potential for providing enough cells for clinical applications. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about dental pulp stem cells and discuss tissue engineering approaches that use SHED to replace irreversibly inflamed or necrotic pulps with a healthy and functionally competent tissue that is capable of forming new dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Dias Telles
- Department of Community Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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26
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Boccaccio A, Ballini A, Pappalettere C, Tullo D, Cantore S, Desiate A. Finite element method (FEM), mechanobiology and biomimetic scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:112-32. [PMID: 21278921 PMCID: PMC3030147 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Techniques of bone reconstructive surgery are largely based on conventional, non-cell-based therapies that rely on the use of durable materials from outside the patient's body. In contrast to conventional materials, bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences towards the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve bone tissue function. Bone tissue engineering has led to great expectations for clinical surgery or various diseases that cannot be solved with traditional devices. For example, critical-sized defects in bone, whether induced by primary tumor resection, trauma, or selective surgery have in many cases presented insurmountable challenges to the current gold standard treatment for bone repair. The primary purpose of bone tissue engineering is to apply engineering principles to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone which does not occur in critical-sized defects. The total market for bone tissue regeneration and repair was valued at $1.1 billion in 2007 and is projected to increase to nearly $1.6 billion by 2014.Usually, temporary biomimetic scaffolds are utilized for accommodating cell growth and bone tissue genesis. The scaffold has to promote biological processes such as the production of extra-cellular matrix and vascularisation, furthermore the scaffold has to withstand the mechanical loads acting on it and to transfer them to the natural tissues located in the vicinity. The design of a scaffold for the guided regeneration of a bony tissue requires a multidisciplinary approach. Finite element method and mechanobiology can be used in an integrated approach to find the optimal parameters governing bone scaffold performance.In this paper, a review of the studies that through a combined use of finite element method and mechano-regulation algorithms described the possible patterns of tissue differentiation in biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is given. Firstly, the generalities of the finite element method of structural analysis are outlined; second, the issues related to the generation of a finite element model of a given anatomical site or of a bone scaffold are discussed; thirdly, the principles on which mechanobiology is based, the principal theories as well as the main applications of mechano-regulation models in bone tissue engineering are described; finally, the limitations of the mechanobiological models and the future perspectives are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boccaccio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Gestionale, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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27
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Sun HH, Jin T, Yu Q, Chen FM. Biological approaches toward dental pulp regeneration by tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 5:e1-16. [PMID: 21413154 DOI: 10.1002/term.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Root canal therapy has been the predominant approach in endodontic treatment, wherein the entire pulp is cleaned out and replaced with a gutta-percha filling. However, living pulp is critical for the maintenance of tooth homeostasis and essential for tooth longevity. An ideal form of therapy, therefore, might consist of regenerative approaches in which diseased/necrotic pulp tissues are removed and replaced with regenerated pulp tissues to revitalize the teeth. Dental pulp regeneration presents one of the most challenging issues in regenerative dentistry due to the poor intrinsic ability of pulp tissues for self-healing and regrowth. With the advent of modern tissue engineering and the discovery of dental stem cells, biological therapies have paved the way to utilize stem cells, delivered or internally recruited, to generate dental pulp tissues, where growth factors and a series of dentine extracellular matrix molecules are key mediators that regulate the complex cascade of regeneration events to be faithfully fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Sun
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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28
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Pietropaoli D, Tatone C, D'Alessandro AM, Monaco A. Possible involvement of advanced glycation end products in periodontal diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:683-91. [PMID: 20943037 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are considered as multifactorial conditions initiated by infection with pathogenic bacteria, promoted by inflammation and immune response against bacteria and modified by different environmental and genetic factors. Recently, interest in periodontal diseases has been increasing due to the awareness that the hyperinflammatory status associated with this disorder could impose a significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relevant to numerous systemic diseases driven by a pro-oxidant profile. A highly complex interplay occurs between oxidative stress and AGEs (Advanced Glycation End products), a group of heterogeneous compounds that form constantly under physiologic conditions, although their rate of formation is markedly increased in hyperglycemia and oxidizing conditions. Starting from the most relevant hypotheses on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the present review outlines its relationship with oxidative stress and inflammation response in order to make a critical evaluation of the potential role of AGEs in periodontal deterioration. Although direct evidence for the presence of AGEs in the periodontal ligament is still lacking, valuable approaches based on the use of periodontal cells along with genetic and biochemical studies in animal models and chronic periodontal patients support a potential role for protein glycation in the aetiology and severity of this disease. Following a review of the current literature, the present study highlights the need for further investigation on the presence of AGEs in the periodontal ligament as a means for the comprehension of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying periodontal diseases in order to develop prevention and treatment modalities for this dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pietropaoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Intracellular ice formation in confluent monolayers of human dental stem cells and membrane damage. Cryobiology 2010; 61:133-41. [PMID: 20599884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are of interest to researchers and clinicians due to their ability to differentiate into various tissue types and potential uses in cell-mediated therapies and tissue engineering. Currently DPSCs are cryopreserved in suspension using Me(2)SO. However, preservation as two and three dimensional constructs, along with the elimination of toxic Me(2)SO, may be required. It was shown that intracellular ice formation (IIF), lethal to cells in suspensions, may be innocuous in cell monolayers due to ice propagation between cells through gap junctions that results in improved post-thaw recovery. We hypothesized that innocuous IIF protects confluent DPSC monolayers against injury during cryopreservation. The objective was to examine the effects of IIF on post-thaw viability of both confluent monolayers and suspensions of DPSCs. Confluent DPSC monolayers were assessed for the expression of gap junction protein Connexin-43. IIF was induced on the cryostage and in the methanol bath at different subzero temperatures. Membrane integrity and colony-forming ability were assessed post-thaw. Confluent DPSC monolayers expressed Connexin-43. In cell suspensions, 85.9+/-1.7% of cells were damaged after 100% IIF. In cell monolayers, after 100% IIF, only 25.5+/-5.5% and 14.8+/-3.3% of cells were damaged on the cryostage and in the methanol bath respectively. However, DPSC monolayers exposed to 100% IIF showed no colony-forming ability. We conclude that confluent monolayers of DPSCs express the gap junction-forming protein Connexin-43 and upon IIF retain membrane integrity, however lose the ability to proliferate.
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Marchionni C, Bonsi L, Alviano F, Lanzoni G, Di Tullio A, Costa R, Montanari M, Tazzari PL, Ricci F, Pasquinelli G, Orrico C, Grossi A, Prati C, Bagnara GP. Angiogenic potential of human dental pulp stromal (stem) cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:699-706. [PMID: 19822086 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is a heterogeneous microenviroment where unipotent progenitor and pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells cohabit. In this study we investigated whether human dental pulp stromal (stem) cells (DP-SCs) committed to the angiogenic fate. DP-SCs showed the specific mesenchymal immunophenotypical profile positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD166 and negative for CD14, CD34, CD45, in accordance with that reported for bone marrow-derived SCs. The Oct-4 expression in DP-SCs, evaluated through RT-PCR analysis, increased in relation with the number of the passages in cell culture and decreased after angiogenic induction. In agreement with their multipotency, DP-SCs differentiated toward osteogenic and adipogenic commitments. In angiogenic experiments, differentiation of DP-SCs, through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction, was evaluated by in vitro matrigel assay and by cytometric analysis. Accordingly, endothelial-specific markers like Flt-1 and KDR were basally expressed and they increased after exposure to VEGF together with the occurrence of ICAM-1 and von Willebrand factor positive cells. In addition, VEGF-induced DP-SCs maintained endothelial cell-like features when cultured in a 3-D fibrin mesh, displaying focal organization into capillary-like structures. The DP-SC angiogenic potential may prove a remarkable tool for novel approaches to developing tissue-engineered vascular grafts which are useful when vascularization of ischemic tissues is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchionni
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, and Transfusion Medicine Service, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Yagyuu T, Ikeda E, Ohgushi H, Tadokoro M, Hirose M, Maeda M, Inagake K, Kirita T. Hard tissue-forming potential of stem/progenitor cells in human dental follicle and dental papilla. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 55:68-76. [PMID: 19942210 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The existence of stem/progenitor cells in dental tissue has been suggested but their characterization in the human tooth germ remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate these cells in human dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage and compare their potential for hard tissue formation. DESIGN We used dental follicle cells (DFCs) and dental papilla cells (DPCs) derived from dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage and compared their proliferative capacity, cell surface antigens and ability to form hard tissue in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Both DFCs and DPCs had extensive proliferation ability, expressed similar cell surface antigens and were capable of forming hard tissue in vivo as well as in vitro. However, there were two differences between DFCs and DPCs. First, DPCs had a significantly higher calcium accumulation than that in DFCs. Second, DFCs expressed a cementoblast marker, whereas DPCs expressed an odontoblast marker. CONCLUSIONS We propose that dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage contain different types of stem/progenitor cells and may have hard tissue-forming ability in a possibly origin-specific lineage direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yagyuu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Hacking SA, Khademhosseini A. Applications of microscale technologies for regenerative dentistry. J Dent Res 2009; 88:409-21. [PMID: 19493883 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509334774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While widespread advances in tissue engineering have occurred over the past decade, many challenges remain in the context of tissue engineering and regeneration of the tooth. For example, although tooth development is the result of repeated temporal and spatial interactions between cells of ectoderm and mesoderm origin, most current tooth engineering systems cannot recreate such developmental processes. In this regard, microscale approaches that spatially pattern and support the development of different cell types in close proximity can be used to regulate the cellular microenvironment and, as such, are promising approaches for tooth development. Microscale technologies also present alternatives to conventional tissue engineering approaches in terms of scaffolds and the ability to direct stem cells. Furthermore, microscale techniques can be used to miniaturize many in vitro techniques and to facilitate high-throughput experimentation. In this review, we discuss the emerging microscale technologies for the in vitro evaluation of dental cells, dental tissue engineering, and tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hacking
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, PRB, Rm 252, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Yu J, Shi J, Jin Y. Current Approaches and Challenges in Making a Bio-Tooth. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:307-19. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Shi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Histology & Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Derive and conquer: sourcing and differentiating stem cells for therapeutic applications. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:131-42. [PMID: 18079756 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in the isolation and culture of stem cells, the future of stem-cell-based therapies and their productive use in drug discovery and regenerative medicine depends on two key factors: finding reliable sources of multipotent and pluripotent cells and the ability to control their differentiation to generate desired derivatives. It is essential for clinical applications to establish reliable sources of pathogen-free human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and develop suitable differentiation techniques. Here, we address some of the problems associated with the sourcing of human ESCs and discuss the current status of stem-cell differentiation technology.
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