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Xu Y, Wang JY, Zou Y, Ma XW, Meng T. Role of IL-1 Family Cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4001-4016. [PMID: 38915806 PMCID: PMC11195677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s474879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-36 (IL-36), IL-37, IL-38 belong to IL-1 family. The IL-36 subfamily obtains pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on various immune responses. Cytokine IL-37, has anti-inflammatory functions in immunity, and the recently identified IL-38 negatively associated with disease pathogenesis. To date, expression of IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 is reported dysregulated in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and may be disease markers for arthritis-related diseases. Interestingly, expression of IL-38 was different either in OA patients or animal models, and expression of IL-36Ra in synovium was different in OA and RA patients. Moreover, functional studies have demonstrated significant role of these cytokines in OA and RA progress. These processes were related to immune cells and non-immune cells, where the cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 may regulate downstream signalings in the cells, and then involve in OA, RA development. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent advancements in cytokines and the development of OA, RA. We hope that targeting these cytokines will become a potential treatment option for OA and RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Ma
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Meng
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
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Gao Y, Cai L, Wu Y, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Ren W, Song Y, Li L, Lei Z, Wu Y, Zhu L, Li J, Li D, Li G, Luo C, Tao L. Emerging functions and therapeutic targets of IL-38 in central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14550. [PMID: 38334236 PMCID: PMC10853902 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is a newly discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family, which binds various receptors (i.e., IL-36R, IL-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1, and IL-1R1) in the central nervous system (CNS). The hallmark physiological function of IL-38 is competitive binding to IL-36R, as does the IL-36R antagonist. Emerging research has shown that IL-38 is abnormally expressed in the serum and brain tissue of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting that IL-38 may play an important role in neurological diseases. Important advances include that IL-38 alleviates neuromyelitis optica disorder (NMOD) by inhibiting Th17 expression, improves IS by protecting against atherosclerosis via regulating immune cells and inflammation, and reduces IL-1β and CXCL8 release through inhibiting human microglial activity post-ASD. In contrast, IL-38 mRNA is markedly increased and is mainly expressed in phagocytes in spinal cord injury (SCI). IL-38 ablation attenuated SCI by reducing immune cell infiltration. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of IL-38 in CNS diseases remain inadequately characterized. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics, pathophysiological role, and potential mechanisms of IL-38 in CNS diseases (e.g., NMOD, Alzheimer's disease, ASD, IS, TBI, and SCI), aiming to explore the therapeutic potential of IL-38 in the prevention and treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryPennsylvania State University College of MedicineState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Forensic ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Luwei Cai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yulu Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yirui Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent HealthcareChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ziguang Lei
- Department of Forensic ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Youzhuang Wu
- Department of Forensic ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Luwen Zhu
- Department of Forensic ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Dongya Li
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryPennsylvania State University College of MedicineState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Ding Y, Shao J, Liu C, Li Z, Zhang Y, Jie L, Zhu X, Liang B, Yu Q, Wu J. Whether full-length IL-38 acts as a promoter or inhibitor in activating rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes depends on IL-1β. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15020. [PMID: 38287552 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
AIM IL-38 is a recently discovered inflammatory factor that belongs to the IL-1 family and has full-length and truncated forms. Clinical findings demonstrated that serum IL-38 levels in people with infectious and autoimmune diseases are significantly different from those in healthy people, but the form remains unclear. We are keenly interested in learning more about the regulatory role of full-length IL-38 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a classic autoimmune disease. METHODS RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were isolated from six RA patients and stimulated with full-length IL-38 to observe IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. Then, the migration and invasion functions of FLS were assessed. Next, the protein expressions of the MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK pathways were evaluated. In addition, we examined the effect of full-length IL-38 on FLS functions in the presence of IL-1β. The function of FLS affected by full-length IL-38 was also examined after blocking IL-1 and IL-36 receptors. RESULTS The functions of FLS were activated after the cells were stimulated with full-length IL-38. IL-6 and IL-8 levels increased with an increase in the full-length IL-38 concentration, and full-length IL-38 induced the acceleration of FLS migration and invasion functions. In addition, the levels of proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway increased after stimulation with full-length IL-38 and depended on its concentration. However, when the FLS were stimulated by IL-38 and IL-1β simultaneously, all experiments generated opposite results. Full-length IL-38 inhibited FLS function in the presence of IL-1β. IL-1R and IL-36R blockers terminated all effects of full-length IL-38 on RA-FLS. CONCLUSION Full-length IL-38 activates FLS functions and acts as a promoter in RA, whereas it inhibits FLS functions and acts as an inhibitor of RA in the presence of IL-1β. The function of full-length IL-38 can be blocked by IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligang Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bibo Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Purewal JS, Doshi GM. Deciphering the Function of New Therapeutic Targets and Prospective Biomarkers in the Management of Psoriasis. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1224-1238. [PMID: 38037998 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501277656231128060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin condition affecting people worldwide, presenting at any age, and leading to a substantial burden physically and mentally. The innate and adaptive immune systems interact intricately with the pathomechanisms that underlie disease. T cells can interact with keratinocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells through the cytokines they secrete. According to recent research, psoriasis flare-ups can cause systemic inflammation and various other co-morbidities, including depression, psoriatic arthritis, and cardio-metabolic syndrome. Additionally, several auto-inflammatory and auto-immune illnesses may be linked to psoriasis. Although psoriasis has no proven treatment, care must strive by treating patients as soon as the disease surfaces, finding and preventing concurrent multimorbidity, recognising and reducing bodily and psychological distress, requiring behavioural modifications, and treating each patient individually. Biomarkers are traits that are assessed at any time along the clinical continuum, from the early stages of a disease through the beginning of treatment (the foundation of precision medicine) to the late stages of treatment (outcomes and endpoints). Systemic therapies that are frequently used to treat psoriasis provide a variety of outcomes. Targeted therapy selection, better patient outcomes, and more cost-effective healthcare would be made possible by biomarkers that reliably predict effectiveness and safety. This review is an attempt to understand the role of Antimicrobial peptides (AMP), Interleukin-38 (IL-38), autophagy 5 (ATG5) protein and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) as biomarkers of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japneet Singh Purewal
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Mahesh Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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IL-38 Alleviates Inflammation in Sepsis in Mice by Inhibiting Macrophage Apoptosis and Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6370911. [PMID: 34955683 PMCID: PMC8709774 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6370911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin- (IL-) 38 is an emerging cytokine with multiple functions involved in infection and immunity. However, the potential role of IL-38 in the host immune response during sepsis remains elusive. Herein, we investigated if macrophages in septic mice express IL-38, the molecular mechanisms behind its expression, and the downstream effects of its expression. In mouse peritoneal macrophages, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated IL-38 and its receptor IL-36R, and the resulting IL-38 shifted macrophages from a M1 to M2 phenotype. Moreover, exposure to IL-38 alone was sufficient to inhibit macrophage apoptosis and LPS-driven activation of the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. These effects were partly abrogated by IL-38 downregulation. In septic mice, IL-38 markedly lowered serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and greatly improved survival. Conversely, IL-38 blockade aggravated their mortality. Collectively, these findings present IL-38 as a potent immune modulator that restrains the inflammatory response by suppressing macrophage apoptosis and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. IL-38 may help protect organs from sepsis-related injury.
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Bahmaie N, Nouri E, Hajkazemi MJ, Zareh Rafie M. Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12552. [PMID: 34830435 PMCID: PMC8625918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exponential growth in the usage of "cytokines" (as seroimmunobiomarkers) has facilitated more accurate prognosis, early diagnosis, novel, and efficient immunotherapeutics. Numerous studies have reported immunopathophysiological and immunopathological processes of interleukin-38 (IL-38). Therefore, in this systematic review article, the authors aimed to present an updated comprehensive overview on the immunobiological mechanisms, diagnostic, and immune gene-based therapeutic potentials of IL-38. According to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 216 articles were collected from several search engines and databases from the January 2012 to July 2021 time interval by using six main keywords. Physiologic or pathologic microenvironments, optimal dosage, and involved receptors affect the functionalities of IL-38. Alterations in serum levels of IL-38 play a major role in the immunopathogenesis of a wide array of immune-mediated disorders. IL-38 shows anti-inflammatory activities by reduction or inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the therapeutic aspects of IL-38 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. According to the importance of pre-clinical studies, it seems that manipulation of the immune system by immunomodulatory properties of IL-38 can increase the accuracy of diagnosis, and decipher optimal clinical outcomes. To promote our knowledge, more collaboration is highly recommended among laboratory scientists, internal/infectious diseases specialists, oncologists, immunologists, diseases-specific biomarkers scientists, and basic medical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
- Immunotherapy Research & Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
| | - Nazila Bahmaie
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Near East University (NEU), Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
- Pediatric Ward, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Near East University affiliated Hospital, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
- Serology and Immunology Ward, Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory, Private Baskent Hospital, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Elham Nouri
- School of Paramedicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran;
- Shahid Beheshti University Affiliated Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hajkazemi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran; (M.J.H.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Maryam Zareh Rafie
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran; (M.J.H.); (M.Z.R.)
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IL-38 restrains inflammatory response of collagen-induced arthritis in rats via SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:223089. [PMID: 32347300 PMCID: PMC7256678 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the restraining effect of IL-38 on inflammatory response in collagen-induced arthritis rats (CIA), and to explore the regulatory mechanism of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway. METHODS 40 SD rats were randomly divided into Control group, CIA group, CLL group and CLH group, with 10 rats in each group; CIA rat model was established. The effects of IL-38 on arthritis index, inflammatory response, osteogenic factor and angiogenic factor were observed by methods including HE staining, ELISA, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence. Human synoviocytes were cultured in vitro, and SIRT1 inhibitors were added to detect the expression for relating factors of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway by Western blot. RESULTS IL-38 could alleviate CIA joint damage and restrain inflammatory response, could up-regulate the expression of OPG in CIA rats and could down-regulate the expression of RANKL and RANK. IL-38 could restrain the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and HIF. Moreover, we found that IL-38 could up-regulate the SIRT1 expression and down-regulate the HIF-1α, TLR4 and NF-KB p65 expression in CLL and CLH groups. From the treatment of synoviocytes to simulate the CIA model and the treatment of SIRT1 inhibitors, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of IL-38 on inflammatory factors and regulation of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway-related proteins were inhibited. CONCLUSION IL-38 can restrain the inflammatory response of CIA rats, can promote the expression of osteogenic factors, can inhibit neovascularization, and can alleviate joint damage in rats. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Hovhannisyan Z, Liu N, Khalil-Aguero S, Panea C, VanValkenburgh J, Zhang R, Lim WK, Bai Y, Fury W, Huang T, Garnova E, Fairhurst J, Kim J, Aryal S, Ajithdoss D, Oyejide A, Del Pilar Molina-Portela M, E H, Poueymirou W, Oristian NS, Brydges S, Liu X, Olson W, Yancopoulos G, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Haxhinasto S. Enhanced IL-36R signaling promotes barrier impairment and inflammation in skin and intestine. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/54/eaax1686. [PMID: 33443029 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in interleukin-36R (IL-36R) antagonist caused by loss-of-function mutations in IL-36RN leads to DITRA (deficiency of IL-36 receptor antagonist), a rare inflammatory human disease that belongs to a subgroup of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). We report a functional genetic mouse model of DITRA with enhanced IL-36R signaling analogous to that observed in patients with DITRA, which provides new insight into our understanding of the IL-36 family of molecules in regulating barrier integrity across multiple tissues. Humanized DITRA-like mice displayed increased skin inflammation in a preclinical model of psoriasis, and in vivo blockade of IL-36R pathway using anti-human IL-36R antibody ameliorated imiquimod-induced skin pathology as both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Deeper characterization of the humanized DITRA-like mice revealed that deregulated IL-36R signaling promoted tissue pathology during intestinal injury and led to impairment in mucosal restoration in the repair phase of chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Blockade of IL-36R pathway significantly ameliorated DSS-induced intestinal inflammation and rescued the inability of DITRA-like mice to recover from mucosal damage in vivo. Our results indicate a central role for IL-36 in regulating proinflammatory responses in the skin and epithelial barrier function in the intestine, suggesting a new therapeutic potential for targeting the IL-36R axis in psoriasis and at the later stages of intestinal pathology in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nengyin Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Casandra Panea
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wen Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elena Garnova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Jee Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Smita Aryal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hock E
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xia Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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Neurath MF. IL-36 in chronic inflammation and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Luo D, Chen Y, Zhou N, Li T, Wang H. Blockade of Th17 response by IL-38 in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:107-111. [PMID: 32950755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses were involved in the pathophysiology of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). IL-38 has been reported to inhibit the secretion of chemokines involved in Th17 pathway. This study aimed to explore the regulation of Th17 response by IL-38 in pSS. METHODS Twenty-four pSS patients, 15 non-pSS control, and 13 health subjects were recruited. The expression of IL-38 and Th17 cytokines were detected and compared between pSS and controls. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and minor salivary gland mononuclear cells (MSGMs) were purified and stimulated by IL-38. The differentiation and function of Th17 cells were evaluated by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The pSS patients presented with significantly lower expression of IL-38 and higher Th17 cytokines (IL-17 and IL-23) compared with both non-pSS and healthy controls. The IL-38 inhibited the differentiation and function of Th17 responses from PBMCs and MSGMs. The IL-38 treatment could inhibit the Th17 response in mice model. CONCLUSIONS IL-38 inhibits T helper 17 type responses in pSS, suggesting that IL-38 may be used as potential treatment target in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niangou Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, the 74thArmy Group Hospital, CPLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Qin X, Liu M, Zhang S, Wang C, Zhang T. The role of IL-36γ and its regulation in eosinophilic inflammation in allergic rhinitis. Cytokine 2019; 117:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Pouyan S, Erfanmanesh M. Is Interleukin-38 a key player cytokine in atherosclerosis immune gene therapy? Med Hypotheses 2019; 125:139-143. [PMID: 30902143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries associated with lipids and other metabolic alterations is a leading cause of death all around the world and its rate is raising as a result of unhealthy lifestyles. Reports by World Health Organization indicate that 31% of all death occurrences are due to heart attacks and strokes. Today, the most common medicines for treating atherosclerosis are statins which are HMG-coA reductase inhibitors. Beside their benefits in treating atherosclerosis, some side effects have been reported as well. Thus, therapeutic methods based on statins should be evaluated to result in more beneficial effects. Since atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder, an anti-inflammatory component can decrease the impact of this disease. Interleukin-38, a newly discovered anti-inflammatory cytokine, which acts as an Interleukin-36 receptor antagonist can block Nuclear Factor KB and Activator protein-1 signaling pathways, and block atherogenic core formation accordingly. This novel proposed immune gene therapy can be applied to atherosclerosis treatment in a trial study. In this hypothesis, Interleukin-38 gene is transferred into bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells of atherosclerotic mouse model Apo E-/- via an adenoviral vector. It is expected that Interleukin-38 gene expression by Mesenchymal Stem Cells can efficiently remedy atherosclerosis without the side effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Pouyan
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Erfanmanesh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Recent advances in the biology of IL-1 family cytokines and their potential roles in development of sepsis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:24-34. [PMID: 30587411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The IL-1 family comprises two anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-37, IL-38), two receptor antagonists (IL-1ra, IL-36ra), and seven ligand agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ). The members of this family exert pleiotropic effects on intercellular signaling, leading to pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. They initiate potent inflammatory and immune responses by binding to specific receptors in the IL-1 receptor family, and their activities are repressed by naturally occurring inhibitors. Various immune cells produce and are regulated by these crucial molecules, which appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases including cancer as well as inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recent decades have seen substantial progress in understanding how the IL-1 family contributes to the development of sepsis. In this review, we will briefly introduce the IL-1 family and discuss its critical role in inflammatory and immune responses. The potential significance of IL-1 members in sepsis will also be explored, together with the clinical implications for treating this dangerous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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Mai SZ, Li CJ, Xie XY, Xiong H, Xu M, Zeng FQ, Guo Q, Han YF. Increased serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with disease activity and arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:103-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Wang H, Li ZY, Jiang WX, Liao B, Zhai GT, Wang N, Zhen Z, Ruan JW, Long XB, Wang H, Liu WH, Liang GT, Xu WM, Kato A, Liu Z. The activation and function of IL-36γ in neutrophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1646-1658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Garraud T, Harel M, Boutet MA, Le Goff B, Blanchard F. The enigmatic role of IL-38 in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:26-35. [PMID: 29366546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-38 is the most recently discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family and is considered a potential inhibitor of the IL-1 and Toll-like receptor families. IL-38 exerts anti-inflammatory properties, especially on macrophages, by inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to reduced T-lymphocyte TH17 maturation. IL-38 has been studied most extensively in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly arthritis, where it is considered an attractive new drug candidate. IL-38 research has entered a new phase, with the realization that IL-38 is important in the pathophysiology of TH17 dependent-diseases (psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis). In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of several controversial issues concerning IL-38 function and regulation. There is effectively contrasting data regarding IL-38: it is produced in conditions such as apoptosis, necrosis or inflammation, but data is lacking regarding IL-38 processing and biological function. Furthermore, the receptor for IL-38 has yet to be identified, although three candidate receptors - IL-1R1, IL-36R and IL-1RAPL1-have been proposed. Future studies will hopefully uncover new aspects of this enigmatic cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garraud
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Rheumatology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Benoit Le Goff
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Rheumatology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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17
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Ganesan R, Raymond EL, Mennerich D, Woska JR, Caviness G, Grimaldi C, Ahlberg J, Perez R, Roberts S, Yang D, Jerath K, Truncali K, Frego L, Sepulveda E, Gupta P, Brown SE, Howell MD, Canada KA, Kroe-Barrett R, Fine JS, Singh S, Mbow ML. Generation and functional characterization of anti-human and anti-mouse IL-36R antagonist monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2017; 9:1143-1154. [PMID: 28726542 PMCID: PMC5627585 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1353853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of interleukin (IL)-36 receptor antagonist (DITRA) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in IL36RN. IL-36R is a cell surface receptor and a member of the IL1R family that is involved in inflammatory responses triggered in skin and other epithelial tissues. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-36R signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Therapeutic intervention of IL-36R signaling offers an innovative treatment paradigm for targeting epithelial cell-mediated inflammatory diseases such as the life-threatening psoriasis variant called generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). We report the discovery and characterization of MAB92, a potent, high affinity anti-human IL-36 receptor antagonistic antibody that blocks human IL-36 ligand (α, β and γ)-mediated signaling. In vitro treatment with MAB92 directly inhibits human IL-36R-mediated signaling and inflammatory cytokine production in primary human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. MAB92 shows exquisite species specificity toward human IL-36R and does not cross react to murine IL-36R. To enable in vivo pharmacology studies, we developed a mouse cross-reactive antibody, MAB04, which exhibits overlapping binding and pharmacological activity as MAB92. Epitope mapping indicates that MAB92 and MAB04 bind primarily to domain-2 of the human and mouse IL-36R proteins, respectively. Treatment with MAB04 abrogates imiquimod and IL-36-mediated skin inflammation in the mouse, further supporting an important role for IL-36R signaling in epithelial cell-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Ganesan
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Ernest L Raymond
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Detlev Mennerich
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Joseph R Woska
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Gary Caviness
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | | | - Jennifer Ahlberg
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Rocio Perez
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Simon Roberts
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Danlin Yang
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Kavita Jerath
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | | | - Lee Frego
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Eliud Sepulveda
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Su-Ellen Brown
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Michael D Howell
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Keith A Canada
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | | | - Jay S Fine
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
| | - M Lamine Mbow
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT ., USA
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18
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Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:984-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Chen L, Fabian KL, Taylor JL, Storkus WJ. Therapeutic use of dendritic cells to promote the extranodal priming of anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:388. [PMID: 24348473 PMCID: PMC3843121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid tissue, also known as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) develop adaptively within sites of chronic tissue inflammation, thereby allowing the host to efficiently crossprime specific immune effector cells within sites of disease. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of TLO in the tumor microenvironment (TME) predicts better overall survival. We will discuss the relevance of extranodal T cell priming within the TME as a means to effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and the strategic use of dendritic cell (DC)-based therapies to reinforce this clinically preferred process in the cancer-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Kellsye L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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