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Hamada T, Sutherland K, Ishikawa M, Saito J, Miyamoto N, Honma S, Shirato H, Honma KI. A novel method for measurements of sleep/wake states, feeding and drinking behaviors using the tracking technique of 3D positions in freely moving mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150359. [PMID: 39032409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
We have previously developed a 3D video tracking system which enables us to analyze long-term quantitative analysis of gene expression in freely moving mice. In the present study, we improved 3D video tracking and developed a system that analyzes more detailed behavioral data. We succeeded in simultaneously analyzing sleep-wake, feeding, and drinking behavior rhythms in the same individual using our tracking system. This system will make it possible to measure gene expression in each tissue in vivo in real time in relation to the various behavioral rhythms mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan.
| | - Kenneth Sutherland
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masayori Ishikawa
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- Division of Applied Quantum Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
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Chiem E, Zhao K, Dell’Angelica D, Ghiani CA, Paul KN, Colwell CS. Scheduled feeding improves sleep in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1427125. [PMID: 39161652 PMCID: PMC11330895 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1427125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common features of neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD). Sleep and circadian disruptions are recapitulated in animal models, providing the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of circadian interventions as countermeasures for neurodegenerative disease. For instance, time restricted feeding (TRF) successfully improved activity rhythms, sleep behavior and motor performance in mouse models of HD. Seeking to determine if these benefits extend to physiological measures of sleep, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure sleep/wake states and polysomnographic patterns in male and female wild-type (WT) and bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic (BACHD) adult mice, under TRF and ad lib feeding (ALF). Our findings show that male, but not female, BACHD mice exhibited significant changes in the temporal patterning of wake and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The TRF intervention reduced the inappropriate early morning activity by increasing NREM sleep in the male BACHD mice. In addition, the scheduled feeding reduced sleep fragmentation (# bouts) in the male BACHD mice. The phase of the rhythm in rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep was significantly altered by the scheduled feeding in a sex-dependent manner. The treatment did impact the power spectral curves during the day in male but not female mice regardless of the genotype. Sleep homeostasis, as measured by the response to six hours of gentle handling, was not altered by the diet. Thus, TRF improves the temporal patterning and fragmentation of NREM sleep without impacting sleep homeostasis. This work adds critical support to the view that sleep is a modifiable risk factor in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Chiem
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular, Cellular, Integrative Physiology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Derek Dell’Angelica
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristina A. Ghiani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ketema N. Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Heckley AM, Harding CD, Page RA, Klein BA, Yovel Y, Diebold CA, Tilley HB. The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39051138 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is associated with many costs, but is also important to survival, with a lack of sleep impairing cognitive function and increasing mortality. Sleeping in groups could alleviate sleep-associated costs, or could introduce new costs if social sleeping disrupts sleep. Working with the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), we aimed to: (1) describe sleep architecture, (2) assess how sleeping in groups affects sleep, and (3) quantify total sleep time and identify rapid eye movement (REM) sleep using behavioral indicators that complement physiological evidence of sleep. Twenty-five adult bats were captured in Panama and recorded sleeping in an artificial roost enclosure. Three bats were fitted with an electromyograph and accelerometer and video recorded sleeping alone in controlled laboratory settings. The remaining 22 bats were assigned to differing social configurations (alone, dyad, triad, and tetrad) and video recorded sleeping in an outdoor flight cage. We found that sleep was highly variable among individuals (ranging from 2 h 53 min to 9 h 39 min over a 12-h period). Although we did not detect statistically significant effects and our sample size was limited, preliminary trends suggest that male bats may sleep longer than females, and individuals sleeping in groups may sleep longer than individuals sleeping alone. We also found a high correspondence between total sleep time quantified visually and quantified using actigraphy (with a 2-min immobility threshold) and identified physiological correlates of behaviorally-defined REM. These results serve as a starting point for future work on the ecology and evolution of sleep in bats and other wild mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Heckley
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian D Harding
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine & Physiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
| | - Barrett A Klein
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Clarice A Diebold
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
- The Department of Physiological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah B Tilley
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
- Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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4
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment improves sleep architecture and EEG disruptions and rescues memory deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114266. [PMID: 38787724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss negatively impacts cognitive function, and one untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We tested whether ML297, a hypnotic acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, could reverse sleep phenotypes and disrupted memory in Fmr1-/y mice. Fmr1-/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM architecture, altered sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas; these are partially reversed following ML297 administration. Treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning restores disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1-/y mice. During memory recall, Fmr1-/y mice show an altered balance of activity among hippocampal principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing interneurons; this is partially reversed by ML297. Because sleep disruption could impact neurophysiological phenotypes in FXS, augmenting sleep may improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William P Brancaleone
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn G Peterson
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Donald S Popke
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Valentina Caicedo Garzon
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roxanne E Perez Tremble
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcus J Donnelly
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Daniel Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Shaver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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5
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Lee J, Kwak D, Lee GU, Kim CY, Kim J, Park SH, Choi JH, Lee SQ, Choe HK. Social context modulates multibrain broadband dynamics and functional brain-to-brain coupling in the group of mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11439. [PMID: 38769416 PMCID: PMC11106301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although mice are social, multiple animals' neural activities are rarely explored. To characterise the neural activities during multi-brain interaction, we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFP) in the prefrontal cortex of four mice. The social context and locomotive states predominately modulated the entire LFP structure. The power of lower frequency bands-delta to alpha-were correlated with each other and anti-correlated with gamma power. The high-to-low-power ratio (HLR) provided a useful measure to understand LFP changes along the change of behavioural and locomotive states. The HLR during huddled conditions was lower than that during non-huddled conditions, dividing the social context into two. Multi-brain analyses of HLR indicated that the mice in the group displayed high cross-correlation. The mice in the group often showed unilateral precedence of HLR by Granger causality analysis, possibly comprising a hierarchical social structure. Overall, this study shows the importance of the social environment in brain dynamics and emphasises the simultaneous multi-brain recordings in social neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyoon Lee
- Brain Science Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea
| | - Damhyeon Kwak
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Ung Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Q Lee
- Electronics Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea.
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, DGIST, Daegu, 42996, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Chiem E, Zhao K, Dell’Angelica D, Ghiani CA, Paul KN, Colwell CS. Scheduled feeding improves sleep in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.04.592428. [PMID: 38766112 PMCID: PMC11100594 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.04.592428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common features of neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD). The sleep and circadian disruptions are recapitulated in animal models, and these models provide the opportunity to evaluate whether circadian interventions can be effective countermeasures for neurodegenerative disease. Time restricted feeding (TRF) interventions successfully improve activity rhythms, sleep behavior and motor performance in mouse models of HD. Seeking to determine if these benefits of scheduled feeding extend to physiological measures of sleep, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure sleep/wake states and polysomnographic patterns in adult mice (six mo-old) under TRF and ad lib feeding (ALF). With each diet, both male and female wild-type (WT) and bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic (BACHD) mice were evaluated. Our findings show that male, but not female, BACHD mice exhibited significant changes in the temporal patterning of wake and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The TRF intervention reduced the inappropriate early morning activity by increasing NREM sleep in the male BACHD mice. In addition, the scheduled feeding reduced sleep fragmentation (# bouts) in the male BACHD mice. The phase of the rhythm in rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep was significantly altered by the scheduled feeding. The treatment did impact the power spectral curves during the day in male but not female mice. Sleep homeostasis, as measured by the response to six hours of gentle handling, was not altered by the diet. Thus, TRF improves the temporal patterning and fragmentation of NREM sleep without impacting sleep homeostasis. This work adds critical support to the view that sleep is a modifiable risk factor in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Chiem
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles
- Molecular, Cellular, Integrative Physiology program, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Kevin Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Derek Dell’Angelica
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Cristina A. Ghiani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Ketema N. Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles
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Gau YTA, Hsu ET, Cha RJ, Pak RW, Looger LL, Kang JU, Bergles DE. Multicore fiber optic imaging reveals that astrocyte calcium activity in the mouse cerebral cortex is modulated by internal motivational state. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3039. [PMID: 38589390 PMCID: PMC11002016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a direct target of neuromodulators and can influence neuronal activity on broad spatial and temporal scales in response to a rise in cytosolic calcium. However, our knowledge about how astrocytes are recruited during different animal behaviors remains limited. To measure astrocyte activity calcium in vivo during normative behaviors, we utilize a high-resolution, long working distance multicore fiber optic imaging system that allows visualization of individual astrocyte calcium transients in the cerebral cortex of freely moving mice. We define the spatiotemporal dynamics of astrocyte calcium changes during diverse behaviors, ranging from sleep-wake cycles to the exploration of novel objects, showing that their activity is more variable and less synchronous than apparent in head-immobilized imaging conditions. In accordance with their molecular diversity, individual astrocytes often exhibit distinct thresholds and activity patterns during explorative behaviors, allowing temporal encoding across the astrocyte network. Astrocyte calcium events were induced by noradrenergic and cholinergic systems and modulated by internal state. The distinct activity patterns exhibited by astrocytes provides a means to vary their neuromodulatory influence in different behavioral contexts and internal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tian A Gau
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Eric T Hsu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Cha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca W Pak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loren L Looger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin U Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Loonen ICM, Voskuyl RA, Schenke M, van Heiningen SH, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Tolner EA. Spontaneous and optogenetically induced cortical spreading depolarization in familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106405. [PMID: 38211710 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the migraine aura are incompletely understood, which to large extent is related to a lack of models in which cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), the correlate of the aura, occurs spontaneously. Here, we investigated electrophysiological and behavioural CSD features in freely behaving mice expressing mutant CaV2.1 Ca2+ channels, either with the milder R192Q or the severer S218L missense mutation in the α1 subunit, known to cause familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) in patients. Very rarely, spontaneous CSDs were observed in mutant but never in wildtype mice. In homozygous Cacna1aR192Q mice exclusively single-wave CSDs were observed whereas heterozygous Cacna1aS218L mice displayed multiple-wave events, seemingly in line with the more severe clinical phenotype associated with the S218L mutation. Spontaneous CSDs were associated with body stretching, one-directional slow head turning, and rotating movement of the body. Spontaneous CSD events were compared with those induced in a controlled manner using minimally invasive optogenetics. Also in the optogenetic experiments single-wave CSDs were observed in Cacna1aR192Q and Cacna1aS218L mice (whereas the latter also showed multiple-wave events) with movements similar to those observed with spontaneous events. Compared to wildtype mice, FHM1 mutant mice exhibited a reduced threshold and an increased propagation speed for optogenetically induced CSD with a more profound CSD-associated dysfunction, as indicated by a prolonged suppression of transcallosal evoked potentials and a reduction of unilateral forepaw grip performance. When induced during sleep, the optogenetic CSD threshold was particularly lowered, which may explain why spontaneous CSD events predominantly occurred during sleep. In conclusion, our data show that key neurophysiological and behavioural features of optogenetically induced CSDs mimic those of rare spontaneous events in FHM1 R192Q and S218L mutant mice with differences in severity in line with FHM1 clinical phenotypes seen with these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge C M Loonen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Rob A Voskuyl
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schenke
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra H van Heiningen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Else A Tolner
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 RC, the Netherlands.
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Lillo Vizin RC, Kopruszinski CM, Redman PM, Ito H, Rau J, Dodick DW, Navratilova E, Porreca F. Unraveling the directional relationship of sleep and migraine-like pain. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae051. [PMID: 38444905 PMCID: PMC10914446 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine and sleep disorders are common co-morbidities. Patients frequently link their sleep to migraine attacks suggesting a potential causal relationship between these conditions. However, whether migraine pain promotes or disrupts sleep or whether sleep disruption can increase the risk of migraine remains unknown. We assessed the potential impact of periorbital allodynia, a measure consistent with migraine-like pain, from multiple preclinical models on sleep quantity and quality. Additionally, we evaluated the possible consequences of sleep deprivation in promoting susceptibility to migraine-like pain. Following the implantation of electroencephalogram/electromyography electrodes to record sleep, mice were treated with either single or repeated systemic injections of nitroglycerin at the onset of their active phase (i.e. nocturnal awake period). Neither single nor repeated nitroglycerin affected the total sleep time, non-rapid eye movement sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, sleep depth or other measures of sleep architecture. To account for the possible disruptive effects of the surgical implantation of electroencephalogram/electromyography electrodes, we used immobility recordings as a non-invasive method for assessing sleep-wake behaviour. Neither single nor repeated nitroglycerin administration during either the mouse sleep (i.e. daylight) or active (i.e. night) periods influenced immobility-defined sleep time. Administration of an inflammatory mediator mixture onto the dura mater at either sleep or active phases also did not affect immobility-defined sleep time. Additionally, inhalational umbellulone-induced migraine-like pain in restraint-stressed primed mice did not alter immobility-defined sleep time. The possible influence of sleep disruption on susceptibility to migraine-like pain was evaluated by depriving female mice of sleep over 6 h with novel objects, a method that does not increase circulating stress hormones. Migraine-like pain was not observed following acute sleep deprivation. However, in sleep-deprived mice, subthreshold doses of systemic nitroglycerin or dural calcitonin gene-related peptide induced periorbital cutaneous allodynia consistent with migraine-like pain. Our data reveal that while migraine-like pain does not significantly disrupt sleep, sleep disruption increases vulnerability to migraine-like pain suggesting that a therapeutic strategy focused on improving sleep may diminish migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson C Lillo Vizin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Caroline M Kopruszinski
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Paula M Redman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Hisakatsu Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jill Rau
- Department of Neurology, Bob Bové Neuroscience Institute at HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ 85251, USA
| | - David W Dodick
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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10
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Kostiew KN, Tuli D, Coborn JE, Sinton CM, Teske JA. Behavioral phenotyping based on physical inactivity can predict sleep in female rats before, during, and after sleep disruption. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110030. [PMID: 38042303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A noninvasive method that can accurately quantify sleep before, during, and after sleep disruption (SD) has not been validated in female rats across their estrous cycle. In female rats, we hypothesized that the duration of physical inactivity (PIA) required to predict sleep would 1) change with the differences in baseline sleep between the circadian and estrous cycle phases and 2) predict sleep and the change in sleep (Δsleep) before, during, and after SD independent of circadian and estrous cycle phase. NEW METHODS EEG, EMG, physical activity and estrous cycle phase were measured in female Sprague-Dawley rats before, during, and after SD. Sleep was determined by two methods [EEG/EMG and a duration of continuous PIA (i.e., PIA criterion)]. Reliability between the methods was tested with a previously validated criterion (40 s). Sensitivity analyses and criterion-related validity analyses for sleep during SD and recovery were conducted across multiple PIA criteria (10 s-120 s). Predictability between the two methods and Δsleep was calculated. RESULTS/COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Three criteria (10 s, 20 s, 30 s) predicted baseline sleep independent of circadian and estrous cycle phase. Sleep during SD and recovery were predicted by two criteria (30 s and 10 s). Δsleep between study periods was not reliably predicted by a single PIA criterion. CONCLUSION PIA predicted sleep independent of estrous cycle phase in female rats. However, the specific criterion was dependent upon the study period (before, during, and after SD) and circadian phase. Thus, prior work validating a PIA criterion in male rodents is not applicable to the female rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kora N Kostiew
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Diya Tuli
- Keep Engaging Youth in Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jamie E Coborn
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher M Sinton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer A Teske
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Zhu H, Wu M, Mou J, Yang X, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Xue H, Xu J, Chen L, Xu L. Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1281617. [PMID: 38374960 PMCID: PMC10875996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates the behavior, physiology, and metabolism of mammals, and these characteristics, such as sleep-wake cycles, exercise capacity, and hormone levels, exhibit circadian rhythms. Light signaling is the main stimulator of the mammalian circadian system. The photoperiod regulates the reproductive cycle of seasonal breeding animals, and the circadian clock plays a pivotal role in this process. However, the role of the clock in coordinating animal behavior and physiology in response to photoperiodic changes needs further investigation. The present study investigated the changes and correlation of behavioral activities, physiological indicators, and gene expression in female striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) within 24 h under a 12L:12D photoperiod. We found that the daily rhythms of sleep-wake and open field were significant in hamsters. The expression of clock genes, melatonin receptor genes, and genes involved in general metabolism oscillated significantly in central and peripheral tissues (brain, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, and thymus) and was significantly associated with behavior and physiology. Our results revealed that the neuroendocrine system regulated the rhythmicity of behavior and physiology, and central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2), melatonin receptor genes (MT1, MT2, and GPR50), and metabolizing genes (SIRT1, FGF21, and PPARα) played important roles. Our results suggest that central and peripheral circadian clocks, melatonin receptors, and genes involved in general metabolism may play key roles in maintaining circadian behavior and metabolic homeostasis in striped hamsters. Our results may have important implication for rodent pest control.
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Weber MA, Kerr G, Thangavel R, Conlon MM, Gumusoglu SB, Gupta K, Abdelmotilib HA, Halhouli O, Zhang Q, Geerling JC, Narayanan NS, Aldridge GM. Alpha-Synuclein Pre-Formed Fibrils Injected into Prefrontal Cortex Primarily Spread to Cortical and Subcortical Structures. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:81-94. [PMID: 38189765 PMCID: PMC10836574 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by diffuse spread of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) throughout the brain. Patients with PDD and DLB have a neuropsychological pattern of deficits that include executive dysfunction, such as abnormalities in planning, timing, working memory, and behavioral flexibility. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a major role in normal executive function and often develops α-syn aggregates in DLB and PDD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term behavioral and cognitive consequences of α-syn pathology in the cortex and characterize pathological spread of α-syn. METHODS We injected human α-syn pre-formed fibrils into the PFC of wild-type male mice. We then assessed the behavioral and cognitive effects between 12- and 21-months post-injection and characterized the spread of pathological α-syn in cortical, subcortical, and brainstem regions. RESULTS We report that PFC PFFs: 1) induced α-syn aggregation in multiple cortical and subcortical regions with sparse aggregation in midbrain and brainstem nuclei; 2) did not affect interval timing or spatial learning acquisition but did mildly alter behavioral flexibility as measured by intraday reversal learning; and 3) increased open field exploration. CONCLUSIONS This model of cortical-dominant pathology aids in our understanding of how local α-syn aggregation might impact some symptoms in PDD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Weber
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gemma Kerr
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mackenzie M. Conlon
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Serena B. Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kalpana Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hisham A. Abdelmotilib
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Oday Halhouli
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joel C. Geerling
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nandakumar S. Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Georgina M. Aldridge
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Ren C, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Li X, Chen G. Feasibility of applying a noninvasive method for sleep monitoring based on mouse behaviors. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3311. [PMID: 37932957 PMCID: PMC10726919 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyogram (EMG) system is widely regarded as the "golden standard" for sleep monitoring. Imperfectly, its invasive monitoring may somehow interfere with the natural state of sleep. Up to now, noninvasive methods for sleep monitoring have developed, which could preserve the undisturbed and naïve sleep state of mice to the greatest extent, but the feasibility of their application under different conditions should be extensive validated. METHODS Based on existing research, we verified the feasibility of a sleep monitoring system based on mouse behaviors under different conditions. The experimental mice were exposed to various stresses and placed into a combined device comprising noninvasive sleep monitoring equipment and an EEG/EMG system, and the sleep status was recorded under different physiological, pharmacological, and pathophysiological conditions. The consistency of the parameters obtained from the different systems was calculated using the Bland-Altman statistical method. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the physiological sleep times determined by noninvasive sleep monitoring system were highly consistent with those obtained from the EEG/EMG system, and the coefficients were 94.4% and 95.1% in C57BL/6J and CD-1 mice, respectively. The noninvasive sleep monitoring system exhibited high sensitivity under the sleep-promoting effect of diazepam and caffeine-induced wakefulness, which was indicated by its ability to detect the effect of dosage on sleep times, and accurate determination of the sleep/wakeful status of mice under different pathophysiological conditions. After combining the data obtained from all the mice, the coefficient between the sleep times detected by behavior-based sleep monitoring system and those obtained from the EEG/EMG equipment was determined to .94. CONCLUSION The results suggested that behavior-based sleep monitoring system could accurately evaluate the sleep/wakeful states of mice under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Yue‐Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiP. R. China
| | - Chong‐Yang Ren
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Departments of Anesthesiology, General Practice, or Critical CareThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Zhe‐Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Qi‐Gang Yang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, General Practice, or Critical CareThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Xue‐Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Gui‐Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
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14
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Gessner NR, Peiravi M, Zhang F, Yimam S, Springer D, Harbison ST. A conserved role for frizzled in sleep architecture. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad045. [PMID: 38033424 PMCID: PMC10684271 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of natural variants in Drosophila melanogaster implicated the Wnt signaling receptor frizzled in sleep. Given that the Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved across species, we hypothesized that frizzled class receptor 1 (Fzd1), the murine homolog of frizzled, would also have a role in sleep. Using a CRISPR transgenic approach, we removed most of the Fzd1 coding region from C57BL/6N mice. We used a video assay to measure sleep characteristics in Fzd1-deficient mice. As Wnt signaling is known to affect visuospatial memory, we also examined the impact of the deletion on learning and memory using the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm. Fzd1-deficient mice had altered sleep compared to littermate controls. The mice did not respond differently to the NOR paradigm compared to controls but did display anxiety-like behavior. Our strategy demonstrates that the study of natural variation in Drosophila sleep translates into candidate genes for sleep in vertebrate species such as the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Gessner
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morteza Peiravi
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Transgenic Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shemsiya Yimam
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Collins HM, Pinacho R, Tam SKE, Sharp T, Bannerman DM, Peirson SN. Continuous home cage monitoring of activity and sleep in mice during repeated paroxetine treatment and discontinuation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2403-2418. [PMID: 37584734 PMCID: PMC10593620 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Non-invasive home cage monitoring is emerging as a valuable tool to assess the effects of experimental interventions on mouse behaviour. A field in which these techniques may prove useful is the study of repeated selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and discontinuation. SSRI discontinuation syndrome is an under-researched condition that includes the emergence of sleep disturbances following treatment cessation. OBJECTIVES We used passive infrared (PIR) monitoring to investigate changes in activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms during repeated treatment with the SSRI paroxetine and its discontinuation in mice. METHODS Male mice received paroxetine (10 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 12 days, then were swapped to saline injections for a 13 day discontinuation period and compared to mice that received saline injections throughout. Mice were continuously tracked using the Continuous Open Mouse Phenotyping of Activity and Sleep Status (COMPASS) system. RESULTS Repeated paroxetine treatment reduced activity and increased behaviourally-defined sleep in the dark phase. These effects recovered to saline-control levels within 24 h of paroxetine cessation, yet there was also evidence of a lengthening of sleep bouts in the dark phase for up to a week following discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first example of how continuous non-invasive home cage monitoring can be used to detect objective behavioural changes in activity and sleep during and after drug treatment in mice. These data suggest that effects of paroxetine administration reversed soon after its discontinuation but identified an emergent change in sleep bout duration, which could be used as a biomarker in future preclinical studies to prevent or minimise SSRI discontinuation symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Collins
- University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
- University Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Pinacho
- University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
- University Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, UK
| | - S K Eric Tam
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Trevor Sharp
- University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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16
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Whittaker DS, Akhmetova L, Carlin D, Romero H, Welsh DK, Colwell CS, Desplats P. Circadian modulation by time-restricted feeding rescues brain pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1704-1721.e6. [PMID: 37607543 PMCID: PMC10591997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruptions impact nearly all people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), emphasizing both their potential role in pathology and the critical need to investigate the therapeutic potential of circadian-modulating interventions. Here, we show that time-restricted feeding (TRF) without caloric restriction improved key disease components including behavioral timing, disease pathology, hippocampal transcription, and memory in two transgenic (TG) mouse models of AD. We found that TRF had the remarkable capability of simultaneously reducing amyloid deposition, increasing Aβ42 clearance, improving sleep and memory, and normalizing daily transcription patterns of multiple genes, including those associated with AD and neuroinflammation. Thus, our study unveils for the first time the pleiotropic nature of timed feeding on AD, which has far-reaching effects beyond metabolism, ameliorating neurodegeneration and the misalignment of circadian rhythmicity. Since TRF can substantially modify disease trajectory, this intervention has immediate translational potential, addressing the urgent demand for accessible approaches to reduce or halt AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Whittaker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laila Akhmetova
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Carlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haylie Romero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David K Welsh
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Piilgaard L, Rose L, Justinussen JL, Hviid CG, Lemcke R, Wellendorph P, Kornum BR. Non-invasive detection of narcolepsy type I phenotypical features and disease progression by continuous home-cage monitoring of activity in two mouse models: the HCRT-KO and DTA model. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad144. [PMID: 37210587 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a neurological disorder caused by disruption of hypocretin (HCRT; or orexin) neurotransmission leading to fragmented sleep/wake states, excessive daytime sleepiness, and cataplexy (abrupt muscle atonia during wakefulness). Electroencephalography and electromyography (EEG/EMG) monitoring is the gold standard to assess NT1 phenotypical features in both humans and mice. Here, we evaluated the digital ventilated home-cage (DVC®) activity system as an alternative to detect NT1 features in two NT1 mouse models: the genetic HCRT-knockout (-KO) model, and the inducible HCRT neuron-ablation hcrt-tTA;TetO-DTA (DTA) model, including both sexes. NT1 mice exhibited an altered dark phase activity profile and increased state transitions, compared to the wild-type (WT) phenotype. An inability to sustain activity periods >40 min represented a robust activity-based NT1 biomarker. These features were observable within the first weeks of HCRT neuron degeneration in DTA mice. We also created a nest-identification algorithm to differentiate between inactivity and activity, inside and outside the nest as a sleep and wake proxy, respectively, showing significant correlations with EEG/EMG-assessed sleep/wake behavior. Lastly, we tested the sensitivity of the activity system to detect behavioral changes in response to interventions such as repeated saline injection and chocolate. Surprisingly, daily consecutive saline injections significantly reduced activity and increased nest time of HCRT-WT mice. Chocolate increased total activity in all mice, and increased the frequency of short out-of-nest inactivity episodes in HCRT-KO mice. We conclude that the DVC® system provides a useful tool for non-invasive monitoring of NT1 phenotypical features, and has the potential to monitor drug effects in NT1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Piilgaard
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Rose
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica L Justinussen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Gylling Hviid
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Lemcke
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Clawson BC, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment reverses NREM sleep disruption and EEG desynchronization in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome to rescue memory consolidation deficits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.549070. [PMID: 37502832 PMCID: PMC10370139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.549070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a highly-prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss itself negatively impacts cognitive function, yet the contribution of sleep loss to impaired cognition in FXS is vastly understudied. One untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We hypothesized that restoration of sleep-dependent mechanisms could improve functions such as memory consolidation in FXS. We examined whether administration of ML297, a hypnotic drug acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium channels, could restore sleep phenotypes and improve disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Using 24-h polysomnographic recordings, we found that Fmr1 -/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM sleep architecture, alterations in NREM EEG spectral power (including reductions in sleep spindles), and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas. These alterations were reversed in the hours following ML297 administration. Hypnotic treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning also ameliorated disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Hippocampal activation patterns during memory recall was altered in Fmr1 -/y mice, reflecting an altered balance of activity among principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. This phenotype was partially reversed by post-learning ML297 administration. These studies suggest that sleep disruption could have a major impact on neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in FXS, and that hypnotic therapy may significantly improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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Alvente S, Matteoli G, Miglioranza E, Zoccoli G, Bastianini S. How to study sleep apneas in mouse models of human pathology. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 395:109923. [PMID: 37459897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep apnea, the most widespread sleep-related breathing disorder (SBD), consists of recurrent episodes of breathing cessation during sleep. This condition can be classified as either central (CSA) or obstructive (OSA) sleep apnea, with the latest being the most common and toxic. Due to the complexity of living organisms, animal models and, particularly, mice still represent an essential tool for the study of SBD. In the present review we first discuss the methodological pros and cons in the use of whole-body plethysmography to coupling respiratory and sleep measurements and to characterize CSA and OSA in mice; then, we draw an updated and objective picture of the methods used so far in the study of sleep apnea in mice. Most of the studies present in the literature used intermittent hypoxia to mimic OSA in mice and to investigate consequent pathological correlates. On the contrary, few studies using genetic manipulation or high-fat diets investigated the pathogenesis or potential treatments of sleep apnea. To date, mice lacking orexins, hemeoxygenase-2, monoamine oxidase A, Phox2b or Cdkl5 can be considered validated mouse models of sleep apnea. Moreover, genetically- or diet-induced obese mice, and mice recapitulating Down syndrome were proposed as OSA models. In conclusion, our review shows that despite the growing interest in the field and the need of new therapeutical approaches, technical complexity and inter-study variability strongly limit the availability of validated mouse of sleep apnea, which are essential in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alvente
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Matteoli
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Miglioranza
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianini
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Osanai H, Yamamoto J, Kitamura T. Extracting electromyographic signals from multi-channel LFPs using independent component analysis without direct muscular recording. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100482. [PMID: 37426755 PMCID: PMC10326347 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) has been commonly used for the precise identification of animal behavior. However, it is often not recorded together with in vivo electrophysiology due to the need for additional surgeries and setups and the high risk of mechanical wire disconnection. While independent component analysis (ICA) has been used to reduce noise from field potential data, there has been no attempt to proactively use the removed "noise," of which EMG signals are thought to be one of the major sources. Here, we demonstrate that EMG signals can be reconstructed without direct EMG recording using the "noise" ICA component from local field potentials. The extracted component is highly correlated with directly measured EMG, termed IC-EMG. IC-EMG is useful for measuring an animal's sleep/wake, freezing response, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM)/REM sleep states consistently with actual EMG. Our method has advantages in precise and long-term behavioral measurement in wide-ranging in vivo electrophysiology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Osanai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Takashi Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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21
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Pernold K, Rullman E, Ulfhake B. Bouts of rest and physical activity in C57BL/6J mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280416. [PMID: 37363906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to exploit the raw data output from a scalable home cage (type IIL IVC) monitoring (HCM) system (DVC®), to characterize pattern of undisrupted rest and physical activity (PA) of C57BL/6J mice. The system's tracking algorithm show that mice in isolation spend 67% of the time in bouts of long rest (≥40s). Sixteen percent is physical activity (PA), split between local movements (6%) and locomotion (10%). Decomposition revealed that a day contains ˜7100 discrete bouts of short and long rest, local and locomotor movements. Mice travel ˜330m per day, mainly during the dark hours, while travelling speed is similar through the light-dark cycle. Locomotor bouts are usually <0.2m and <1% are >1m. Tracking revealed also fits of abnormal behaviour. The starting positions of the bouts showed no preference for the rear over the front of the cage floor, while there was a strong bias for the peripheral (75%) over the central floor area. The composition of bouts has a characteristic circadian pattern, however, intrusive husbandry routines increased bout fragmentation by ˜40%. Extracting electrode activations density (EAD) from the raw data yielded results close to those obtained with the tracking algorithm, with 81% of time in rest (<1 EAD s-1) and 19% in PA. Periods ≥40 s of file when no movement occurs and there is no EAD may correspond to periods of sleep (˜59% of file time). We confirm that EAD correlates closely with movement distance (rs>0.95) and the data agreed in ˜97% of the file time. Thus, albeit EAD being less informative it may serve as a proxy for PA and rest, enabling monitoring group housed mice. The data show that increasing density from one female to two males, and further to three male or female mice had the same effect size on EAD (˜2). In contrast, the EAD deviated significantly from this stepwise increase with 4 mice per cage, suggesting a crowdedness stress inducing sex specific adaptations. We conclude that informative metrics on rest and PA can be automatically extracted from the raw data flow in near-real time (< 1 hrs). As discussed, these metrics relay useful longitudinal information to those that use or care for the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pernold
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Weber MA, Kerr G, Thangavel R, Conlon MM, Abdelmotilib HA, Halhouli O, Zhang Q, Geerling JC, Narayanan NS, Aldridge GM. Alpha-synuclein pre-formed fibrils injected into prefrontal cortex primarily spread to cortical and subcortical structures and lead to isolated behavioral symptoms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526365. [PMID: 36778400 PMCID: PMC9915664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by diffuse spread of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) throughout the brain. Patients with PDD and DLB have a neuropsychological pattern of deficits that include executive dysfunction, such as abnormalities in planning, timing, working memory, and behavioral flexibility. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a major role in normal executive function and often develops α-syn aggregates in DLB and PDD. To investigate the consequences of α-syn pathology in the cortex, we injected human α-syn pre-formed fibrils into the PFC of wildtype mice. We report that PFC PFFs: 1) induced α-syn aggregation in multiple cortical and subcortical regions with sparse aggregation in midbrain and brainstem nuclei; 2) did not affect interval timing or spatial learning acquisition but did mildly alter behavioral flexibility as measured by intraday reversal learning; 3) increased open field exploration; and 4) did not affect susceptibility to an inflammatory challenge. This model of cortical-dominant pathology aids in our understanding of how local α-syn aggregation might impact some symptoms in PDD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Weber
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Gemma Kerr
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Mackenzie M. Conlon
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | | | - Oday Halhouli
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Joel C. Geerling
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | | | - Georgina M. Aldridge
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
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23
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Vasunilashorn SM, Lunardi N, Newman JC, Crosby G, Acker L, Abel T, Bhatnagar S, Cunningham C, de Cabo R, Dugan L, Hippensteel JA, Ishizawa Y, Lahiri S, Marcantonio ER, Xie Z, Inouye SK, Terrando N, Eckenhoff RG. Preclinical and translational models for delirium: Recommendations for future research from the NIDUS delirium network. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2150-2174. [PMID: 36799408 PMCID: PMC10576242 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Delirium is a common, morbid, and costly syndrome that is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) as a risk factor and outcome. Human studies of delirium have advanced our knowledge of delirium incidence and prevalence, risk factors, biomarkers, outcomes, prevention, and management. However, understanding of delirium neurobiology remains limited. Preclinical and translational models for delirium, while challenging to develop, could advance our knowledge of delirium neurobiology and inform the development of new prevention and treatment approaches. We discuss the use of preclinical and translational animal models in delirium, focusing on (1) a review of current animal models, (2) challenges and strategies for replicating elements of human delirium in animals, and (3) the utility of biofluid, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging translational markers in animals. We conclude with recommendations for the development and validation of preclinical and translational models for delirium, with the goal of advancing awareness in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nadia Lunardi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John C. Newman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Gregory Crosby
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leah Acker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Dugan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hippensteel
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yumiko Ishizawa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shouri Lahiri
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward R. Marcantonio
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharon K. Inouye
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Roderic G. Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Vasciaveo V, Iadarola A, Casile A, Dante D, Morello G, Minotta L, Tamagno E, Cicolin A, Guglielmotto M. Sleep fragmentation affects glymphatic system through the different expression of AQP4 in wild type and 5xFAD mouse models. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:16. [PMID: 36653878 PMCID: PMC9850555 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by genetic and multifactorial risk factors. Many studies correlate AD to sleep disorders. In this study, we performed and validated a mouse model of AD and sleep fragmentation, which properly mimics a real condition of intermittent awakening. We noticed that sleep fragmentation induces a general acceleration of AD progression in 5xFAD mice, while in wild type mice it affects cognitive behaviors in particular learning and memory. Both these events may be correlated to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) modulation, a crucial player of the glymphatic system activity. In particular, sleep fragmentation differentially affects aquaporin-4 channel (AQP4) expression according to the stage of the disease, with an up-regulation in younger animals, while such change cannot be detected in older ones. Moreover, in wild type mice sleep fragmentation affects cognitive behaviors, in particular learning and memory, by compromising the glymphatic system through the decrease of AQP4. Nevertheless, an in-depth study is needed to better understand the mechanism by which AQP4 is modulated and whether it could be considered a risk factor for the disease development in wild type mice. If our hypotheses are going to be confirmed, AQP4 modulation may represent the convergence point between AD and sleep disorder pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vasciaveo
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Iadarola
- grid.432329.d0000 0004 1789 4477Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Casile
- grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, 62032 Camerino, MC Italy
| | - Davide Dante
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Morello
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Minotta
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Tamagno
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cicolin
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Guglielmotto
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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25
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Golini E, Rigamonti M, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Falcone G, Gourdon G, Mandillo S. Excessive rest time during active phase is reliably detected in a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy type 1 using home cage monitoring. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1130055. [PMID: 36935893 PMCID: PMC10017452 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1130055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominantly inherited neuromuscular disease caused by the abnormal expansion of CTG-repeats in the 3'-untranslated region of the Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene, characterized by multisystemic symptoms including muscle weakness, myotonia, cardio-respiratory problems, hypersomnia, cognitive dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities. Sleep-related disturbances are among the most reported symptoms that negatively affect the quality of life of patients and that are present in early and adult-onset forms of the disease. DMSXL mice carry a mutated human DMPK transgene containing >1,000 CTGrepeats, modeling an early onset, severe form of DM1. They exhibit a pathologic neuromuscular phenotype and also synaptic dysfunction resulting in neurological and behavioral deficits similar to those observed in patients. Additionally, they are underweight with a very high mortality within the first month after birth presenting several welfare issues. To specifically explore sleep/rest-related behaviors of this frail DM1 mouse model we used an automated home cage-based system that allows 24/7 monitoring of their activity non-invasively. We tested male and female DMSXL mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates in Digital Ventilated Cages (DVCR) assessing activity and rest parameters on day and night for 5 weeks. We demonstrated that DMSXL mice show reduced activity and regularity disruption index (RDI), higher percentage of zero activity per each hour and longer periods of rest during the active phase compared to WT. This novel rest-related phenotype in DMSXL mice, assessed unobtrusively, could be valuable to further explore mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions to alleviate the very common symptom of excessive daytime sleepiness in DM1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Golini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Mara Rigamonti
- Tecniplast S.p.A., Buguggiate, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mara Rigamonti,
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Germana Falcone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Genevieve Gourdon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Mandillo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, Italy
- Silvia Mandillo,
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26
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Whittaker DS, Tamai TK, Bains RS, Villanueva SAM, Luk SHC, Dell’Angelica D, Block GD, Ghiani CA, Colwell CS. Dietary ketosis improves circadian dysfunction as well as motor symptoms in the BACHD mouse model of Huntington's disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1034743. [PMID: 36407529 PMCID: PMC9669764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1034743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in sleep/wake cycles are common among patients with neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) and represent an appealing target for chrono-nutrition-based interventions. In the present work, we sought to determine whether a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet would ameliorate the symptoms and delay disease progression in the BACHD mouse model of HD. Adult WT and BACHD male mice were fed a normal or a ketogenic diet (KD) for 3 months. The KD evoked a robust rhythm in serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and dramatic changes in the microbiome of male WT and BACHD mice. NanoString analysis revealed transcriptional changes driven by the KD in the striatum of both WT and BACHD mice. Disturbances in sleep/wake cycles have been reported in mouse models of HD and are common among HD patients. Having established that the KD had effects on both the WT and mutant mice, we examined its impact on sleep/wake cycles. KD increased daytime sleep and improved the timing of sleep onset, while other sleep parameters were not altered. In addition, KD improved activity rhythms, including rhythmic power, and reduced inappropriate daytime activity and onset variability. Importantly, KD improved motor performance on the rotarod and challenging beam tests. It is worth emphasizing that HD is a genetically caused disease with no known cure. Life-style changes that not only improve the quality of life but also delay disease progression for HD patients are greatly needed. Our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of diet-based treatment strategies in a pre-clinical model of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Whittaker
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - T. Katherine Tamai
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raj S. Bains
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Anne Marie Villanueva
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shu Hon Christopher Luk
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Derek Dell’Angelica
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gene D. Block
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristina A. Ghiani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Endogenous opioid signaling in the retina modulates sleep/wake activity in mice. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 13:100078. [PMID: 35800978 PMCID: PMC9254600 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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Altered Behavioral Responses Show GABA Sensitivity in Muscleblind-Like 2-Deficient Mice: Implications for CNS Symptoms in Myotonic Dystrophy. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0218-22.2022. [PMID: 36150891 PMCID: PMC9557336 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0218-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence from mouse models and human postmortem brain suggests loss of Muscleblind-like protein 2 (MBNL2) function in brain is a major driver of CNS symptoms in Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Increased hypersomnia, fatigue, and surgical complications associated with general anesthesia suggest possible sensitivity to GABAergic inhibition in DM1. To test the hypothesis that MBNL2 depletion leads to behavioral sensitivity to GABAA receptor (GABAA-R) modulation, Mbnl2 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were treated with the anesthetic sevoflurane, the benzodiazepine diazepam, the imidazopyridine zolpidem, and the benzodiazepine rescue agent, flumazenil (Ro 15-1788), and assessed for various behavioral metrics. Mbnl2 KO mice exhibited delayed recovery following sevoflurane, delayed emergence and recovery from zolpidem, and enhanced sleep time at baseline that was modulated by flumazenil. A significantly higher proportion of Mbnl2 KO mice also loss their righting reflex [loss of righting reflex (LORR)] from a standard diazepam dose. We further examined whether MBNL2 depletion affects total GABAA-R mRNA subunit levels and validated RNA-sequencing data of mis-spliced Gabrg2, whose isoform ratios are known to regulate GABA sensitivity and associated behaviors. While no other GABAA-R subunit mRNA levels tested were altered in Mbnl2 KO mouse prefrontal cortex, Gabrg2S/L mRNA ratio levels were significantly altered. Taken together, our findings indicate that loss of MBNL2 function affects GABAergic function in a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy (DM1).
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29
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Wang G, Li Q, Xu J, Zhao S, Zhou R, Chen Z, Jiang W, Gao X, Zhou S, Chen Z, Sun Q, Ma C, Chen L, Shi B, Guo Y, Wang H, Wang X, Li H, Cai T, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wang F, Liu Q. Somatic Genetics Analysis of Sleep in Adult Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5617-5640. [PMID: 35667851 PMCID: PMC9295845 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0089-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical forward and reverse mouse genetics require germline mutations and, thus, are unwieldy to study sleep functions of essential genes or redundant pathways. It is also time-consuming to conduct EEG/EMG-based mouse sleep screening because of labor-intensive surgeries and genetic crosses. Here, we describe a highly accurate SleepV (video) system and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based adult brain chimeric (ABC)-expression/KO platform for somatic genetics analysis of sleep in adult male or female mice. A pilot ABC screen identifies CREB and CRTC1, of which constitutive or inducible expression significantly reduces quantity and/or quality of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Whereas ABC-KO of exon 13 of Sik3 by AAV-Cre injection in Sik3-E13flox/flox adult mice phenocopies Sleepy (Sik3 Slp/+ ) mice, ABC-CRISPR of Slp/Sik3 reverses hypersomnia of Sleepy mice, indicating a direct role of SLP/SIK3 kinase in sleep regulation. Multiplex ABC-CRISPR of both orexin/hypocretin receptors causes narcolepsy episodes, enabling one-step analysis of redundant genes in adult mice. Therefore, this somatic genetics approach should facilitate high-throughput analysis of sleep regulatory genes, especially for essential or redundant genes, in adult mice by skipping mouse development and minimizing genetic crosses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The molecular mechanisms of mammalian sleep regulation remain unclear. Classical germline mouse genetics are unwieldy to study sleep functions of essential genes or redundant pathways. The EEG/EMG-based mouse sleep screening is time-consuming because of labor-intensive surgeries and lengthy genetic crosses. To overcome these "bottlenecks," we developed a highly accurate video-based sleep analysis system and adeno-associated virus-mediated ABC-expression/KO platform for somatic genetics analysis of sleep in adult mice. These methodologies facilitate rapid identification of sleep regulatory genes, but also efficient mechanistic studies of the molecular pathways of sleep regulation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zhenkang Chen
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Wentong Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xue Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Quanzhi Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chengyuan Ma
- Chinese Institute of Brain Science, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bihan Shi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Guo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huaiye Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhineng Chen
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
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30
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Reicher V, Bálint A, Újváry D, Gácsi M. Non-invasive sleep EEG measurement in hand raised wolves. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9792. [PMID: 35697910 PMCID: PMC9191399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep research greatly benefits from comparative studies to understand the underlying physiological and environmental factors affecting the different features of sleep, also informing us about the possible evolutionary changes shaping them. Recently, the domestic dog became an exceedingly valuable model species in sleep studies, as the use of non-invasive polysomnography methodologies enables direct comparison with human sleep data. In this study, we applied the same polysomnography protocol to record the sleep of dog’s closest wild relative, the wolf. We measured the sleep of seven captive (six young and one senior), extensively socialized wolves using a fully non-invasive sleep EEG methodology, originally developed for family dogs. We provide the first descriptive analysis of the sleep macrostructure and NREM spectral power density of wolves using a completely non-invasive methodology. For (non-statistical) comparison, we included the same sleep data of similarly aged dogs. Although our sample size was inadequate to perform statistical analyses, we suggest that it may form the basis of an international, multi-site collection of similar samples using our methodology, allowing for generalizable, unbiased conclusions. As we managed to register both macrostructural and spectral sleep data, our procedure appears to be suitable for collecting valid data in other species too, increasing the comparability of non-invasive sleep studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Reicher
- Department of Ethology, Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anna Bálint
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Újváry
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Tran S, Prober DA. Validation of Candidate Sleep Disorder Risk Genes Using Zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:873520. [PMID: 35465097 PMCID: PMC9021570 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.873520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders and chronic sleep disturbances are common and are associated with cardio-metabolic diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Several genetic pathways and neuronal mechanisms that regulate sleep have been described in animal models, but the genes underlying human sleep variation and sleep disorders are largely unknown. Identifying these genes is essential in order to develop effective therapies for sleep disorders and their associated comorbidities. To address this unmet health problem, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with human sleep traits and sleep disorders. However, in most cases, it is unclear which gene is responsible for a sleep phenotype that is associated with a genetic variant. As a result, it is necessary to experimentally validate candidate genes identified by GWAS using an animal model. Rodents are ill-suited for this endeavor due to their poor amenability to high-throughput sleep assays and the high costs associated with generating, maintaining, and testing large numbers of mutant lines. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), an alternative vertebrate model for studying sleep, allows for the rapid and cost-effective generation of mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Numerous zebrafish mutant lines can then be tested in parallel using high-throughput behavioral assays to identify genes whose loss affects sleep. This process identifies a gene associated with each GWAS hit that is likely responsible for the human sleep phenotype. This strategy is a powerful complement to GWAS approaches and holds great promise to identify the genetic basis for common human sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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32
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Chou MY, Appan D, Chang KW, Chou CH, Lin CY, Gau SSF, Huang HS. Mouse hybrid genome mediates diverse brain phenotypes with the specificity of reciprocal crosses. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22232. [PMID: 35199866 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101624r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid species have more genetic diversity than their parents. However, the impact of the hybrid genome of reciprocal crosses on brain function remains largely unknown. We performed behavioral, molecular, and neuronal analyses on C57BL/6J mice (B6), CAST/EiJ mice (CAST), and hybrid mice resulting from reciprocal crosses of the two strains, B6/CAST F1i and B6/CAST F1r, respectively. Hybrid mice displayed greater motor strength and coordination, food grinding, social dominance, and less sociability compared to their parental strains. Parental origin influenced body weight, locomotor speed, and heat nociception of hybrid mice. Parental origin, cell type, and the interaction of both affected expression patterns of hybrid genomes including imprinted genes. There was a correlation between affected genes and corresponding behavioral phenotypes. Hybrid genomes mediated neuronal activity in the locus coeruleus, a brain region implicated in arousal, adaptive behaviors, and sleep-wake cycle due to its norepinephrine projections throughout the central nervous system. The comprehensive brain phenotypes in these hybrid mice reveal important functional readouts associated with interactions of hybrid genomes and impacts of parental genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Chou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dhivya Appan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Sung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Kim YR, Lee SY, Lee SM, Shim I, Lee MY. Effect of Hibiscus syriacus Linnaeus extract and its active constituent, saponarin, in animal models of stress-induced sleep disturbances and pentobarbital-induced sleep. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112301. [PMID: 34915415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of sleep disorders promotes the long-term use of commercially available sleep inducers that have several adverse effects, including addiction, systemic fatigue, weakness, loss of concentration, headache, and digestive problems. Therefore, we aimed to limit these adverse effects by investigating a natural product, the extract of the Hibiscus syriacus Linnaeus flower (HSF), as an alternative treatment. In the electric footshock model, we measured anxiety and assessed the degree of sleep improvement after administering HSF extract. In the restraint model, we studied the sleep rate using PiezoSleep, a noninvasive assessment system. In the pentobarbital model, we measured sleep improvement and changes in sleep-related factors. Our first model confirmed the desirable effects of HSF extract and its active constituent, saponarin, on anxiolysis and Wake times. HSF extract also increased REM sleep time. Furthermore, HSF extract and saponarin increased the expression of cortical GABAA receptor α1 (GABAAR α1) and c-Fos in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). In the second model, HSF extract and saponarin restored the sleep rate and the sleep bout duration. In the third model, HSF extract and saponarin increased sleep maintenance time. Moreover, HSF extract and saponarin increased cortical cholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA levels and the expression of VLPO c-Fos. HSF extract also increased GABAAR α1 mRNA level. Our results suggest that HSF extract and saponarin are effective in maintaining sleep and may be used as a novel treatment for sleep disorder. Eventually, we hope to introduce HSF and saponarin as a clinical treatment for sleep disorders in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apigenin/pharmacology
- Apigenin/therapeutic use
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Cerebral Cortex/physiology
- Corticosterone/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electroencephalography
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glucosides/therapeutic use
- Hibiscus
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Pentobarbital
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Preoptic Area/drug effects
- Preoptic Area/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Sleep/drug effects
- Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical
- Sleep Wake Disorders/blood
- Sleep Wake Disorders/drug therapy
- Sleep Wake Disorders/genetics
- Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology
- Stress, Psychological/blood
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Gyeonghui-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Min Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Gyeonghui-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Tir S, Steel LCE, Tam SKE, Semo M, Pothecary CA, Vyazovskiy VV, Foster RG, Peirson SN. Rodent models in translational circadian photobiology. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:97-116. [PMID: 35940726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of the photobiology of circadian rhythms. The identification of a third photoreceptive system in the mammalian eye, in addition to the rods and cones that mediate vision, has transformed our appreciation of the role of light in regulating physiology and behavior. These photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) express the blue-light sensitive photopigment melanopsin and project to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)-the master circadian pacemaker-as well as many other brain regions. Much of our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the pRGCs, and the processes that they regulate, comes from mouse and other rodent models. Here we describe the contribution of rodent models to circadian photobiology, including both their strengths and limitations. In addition, we discuss how an appreciation of both rodent and human data is important for translational circadian photobiology. Such an approach enables a bi-directional flow of information whereby an understanding of basic mechanisms derived from mice can be integrated with studies from humans. Progress in this field is being driven forward at several levels of analysis, not least by the use of personalized light measurements and photoreceptor specific stimuli in human studies, and by studying the impact of environmental, rather than laboratory, lighting on different rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Tir
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C E Steel
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S K E Tam
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ma'ayan Semo
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carina A Pothecary
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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35
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Lee D, Oikonomou G, Prober D. Large-scale Analysis of Sleep in Zebrafish. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4313. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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36
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Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1975. [PMID: 34834391 PMCID: PMC8624696 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence that circadian rhythms affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has highlighted the importance of drug dosing-time. Circadian oscillations alter drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as intracellular signaling systems, target molecules (e.g., receptors, transporters, and enzymes), and gene transcription. Although several antidepressant drugs are clinically available, less than 50% of depressed patients respond to first-line pharmacological treatments. Chronotherapeutic approaches to enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants are not completely known. Even so, experimental results found until this day suggest a positive influence of drug dosing-time on the efficacy of depression therapy. On the other hand, antidepressants have also demonstrated to modulate circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake cycles. This review aims to evidence the potential of chronotherapy to improve the efficacy and/or safety of antidepressants. It includes pre-clinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the relevance of determining the most appropriate time of administration for antidepressant drugs. In parallel, their positive influence on the resynchronization of disrupted circadian rhythms is also herein discussed. It is expected that this review will promote the investigation of chronotherapy for the treatment of depression, contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between antidepressants and circadian rhythms, and consequently promote the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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37
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Ang G, Brown LA, Tam SKE, Davies KE, Foster RG, Harrison PJ, Sprengel R, Vyazovskiy VV, Oliver PL, Bannerman DM, Peirson SN. Deletion of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit gene (Gria1) causes circadian rhythm disruption and aberrant responses to environmental cues. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:588. [PMID: 34782594 PMCID: PMC8593011 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluA1 subunit and deficits in synaptic plasticity are implicated in schizophrenia and sleep and circadian rhythm disruption. To investigate the role of GluA1 in circadian and sleep behaviour, we used wheel-running, passive-infrared, and video-based home-cage activity monitoring to assess daily rest-activity profiles of GluA1-knockout mice (Gria1-/-). We showed that these mice displayed various circadian abnormalities, including misaligned, fragmented, and more variable rest-activity patterns. In addition, they showed heightened, but transient, behavioural arousal to light→dark and dark→light transitions, as well as attenuated nocturnal-light-induced activity suppression (negative masking). In the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), nocturnal-light-induced cFos signals (a molecular marker of neuronal activity in the preceding ~1-2 h) were attenuated, indicating reduced light sensitivity in the SCN. However, there was no change in the neuroanatomical distribution of expression levels of two neuropeptides-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP)-differentially expressed in the core (ventromedial) vs. shell (dorsolateral) SCN subregions and both are known to be important for neuronal synchronisation within the SCN and circadian rhythmicity. In the motor cortex (area M1/M2), there was increased inter-individual variability in cFos levels during the evening period, mirroring the increased inter-individual variability in locomotor activity under nocturnal light. Finally, in the spontaneous odour recognition task GluA1 knockouts' short-term memory was impaired due to enhanced attention to the recently encountered familiar odour. These abnormalities due to altered AMPA-receptor-mediated signalling resemble and may contribute to sleep and circadian rhythm disruption and attentional deficits in different modalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Ang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurence A Brown
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- IT Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shu K E Tam
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay E Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Research Group of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research at the Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter L Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK.
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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38
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Geuther B, Chen M, Galante RJ, Han O, Lian J, George J, Pack AI, Kumar V. High-throughput visual assessment of sleep stages in mice using machine learning. Sleep 2021; 45:6414386. [PMID: 34718812 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep is an important biological process that is perturbed in numerous diseases, and assessment its substages currently requires implantation of electrodes to carry out electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) analysis. Although accurate, this method comes at a high cost of invasive surgery and experts trained to score EEG/EMG data. Here, we leverage modern computer vision methods to directly classify sleep substages from video data. This bypasses the need for surgery and expert scoring, provides a path to high-throughput studies of sleep in mice. METHODS We collected synchronized high-resolution video and EEG/EMG data in 16 male C57BL/6J mice. We extracted features from the video that are time and frequency-based and used the human expert-scored EEG/EMG data to train a visual classifier. We investigated several classifiers and data augmentation methods. RESULTS Our visual sleep classifier proved to be highly accurate in classifying wake, non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) states, and achieves an overall accuracy of 0.92 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD). We discover and genetically validate video features that correlate with breathing rates, and show low and high variability in NREM and REM sleep, respectively. Finally, we apply our methods to non-invasively detect that sleep stage disturbances induced by amphetamine administration. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that machine learning based visual classification of sleep is a viable alternative to EEG/EMG based scoring. Our results will enable non-invasive high-throughput sleep studies and will greatly reduce the barrier to screening mutant mice for abnormalities in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Geuther
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Mandy Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Raymond J Galante
- University of Pennsylvania, John Miclot Professor of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Owen Han
- University of Pennsylvania, John Miclot Professor of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jie Lian
- University of Pennsylvania, John Miclot Professor of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Allan I Pack
- University of Pennsylvania, John Miclot Professor of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME
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39
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Lana-Elola E, Cater H, Watson-Scales S, Greenaway S, Müller-Winkler J, Gibbins D, Nemes M, Slender A, Hough T, Keskivali-Bond P, Scudamore CL, Herbert E, Banks GT, Mobbs H, Canonica T, Tosh J, Noy S, Llorian M, Nolan PM, Griffin JL, Good M, Simon M, Mallon AM, Wells S, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ. Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of the Dp1Tyb mouse strain reveals a broad range of Down syndrome-related phenotypes. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049157. [PMID: 34477842 PMCID: PMC8543064 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, results in many complex phenotypes including cognitive deficits, heart defects and craniofacial alterations. Phenotypes arise from an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes. However, these dosage-sensitive causative genes remain unknown. Animal models enable identification of genes and pathological mechanisms. The Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS has an extra copy of 63% of Hsa21-orthologous mouse genes. In order to establish whether this model recapitulates DS phenotypes, we comprehensively phenotyped Dp1Tyb mice using 28 tests of different physiological systems and found that 468 out of 1800 parameters were significantly altered. We show that Dp1Tyb mice have wide-ranging DS-like phenotypes, including aberrant erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, reduced bone density, craniofacial changes, altered cardiac function, a pre-diabetic state, and deficits in memory, locomotion, hearing and sleep. Thus, Dp1Tyb mice are an excellent model for investigating complex DS phenotype-genotype relationships for this common disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Cater
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Slender
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tertius Hough
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Helene Mobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Tara Canonica
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Justin Tosh
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Suzanna Noy
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | | | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
- Imperial College Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 7TA, UK
| | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Victor L. J. Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Olivera GC, Vetter L, Tesoriero C, Del Gallo F, Hedberg G, Basile J, Rottenberg ME. Role of T cells during the cerebral infection with Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009764. [PMID: 34587172 PMCID: PMC8530334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection by Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T.b.b.), a protozoan parasite, is characterized by an early-systemic stage followed by a late stage in which parasites invade the brain parenchyma in a T cell-dependent manner. Here we found that early after infection effector-memory T cells were predominant among brain T cells, whereas, during the encephalitic stage T cells acquired a tissue resident memory phenotype (TRM) and expressed PD1. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells were independently redundant for the penetration of T.b.b. and other leukocytes into the brain parenchyma. The role of lymphoid cells during the T.b.b. infection was studied by comparing T- and B-cell deficient rag1-/- and WT mice. Early after infection, parasites located in circumventricular organs, brain structures with increased vascular permeability, particularly in the median eminence (ME), paced closed to the sleep-wake regulatory arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Arc). Whereas parasite levels in the ME were higher in rag1-/- than in WT mice, leukocytes were instead reduced. Rag1-/- infected mice showed increased levels of meca32 mRNA coding for a blood /hypothalamus endothelial molecule absent in the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Both immune and metabolic transcripts were elevated in the ME/Arc of WT and rag1-/- mice early after infection, except for ifng mRNA, which levels were only increased in WT mice. Finally, using a non-invasive sleep-wake cycle assessment method we proposed a putative role of lymphocytes in mediating sleep alterations during the infection with T.b.b. Thus, the majority of T cells in the brain during the early stage of T.b.b. infection expressed an effector-memory phenotype while TRM cells developed in the late stage of infection. T cells and parasites invade the ME/Arc altering the metabolic and inflammatory responses during the early stage of infection and modulating sleep disturbances. Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.) causes an early systemic and a late encephalitic infection characterized by sleep alterations. In rodent models, brain invasion by T.b. brucei (T.b.b.) is strictly dependent on T cells. However, an in-depth characterization of T cell functions and phenotypes in the outcome of T.b.b. infection is still lacking. Here we found that during the early stage of infection of mice, most brain T cells differentiated into memory cells, and acquired a tissue-resident memory phenotype during the encephalitic stage. CD4 and CD8 T cells were redundant for the invasion of other T cells and parasites into the brain. Early after infection T.b.b. and leukocytes invade different circumventricular organs (brain areas that lack a blood-brain barrier) including the median eminence (ME) located close to sleep-regulating arcuate nucleus (Arc). T.b.b. infection induced the expression of immune and metabolic molecules in this area. Lymphocytes modulated 1) the levels of invading parasites and leukocytes in the ME; 2) the structure of the blood/ hypothalamus interphase and 3) the expression of IFN-γ in the ME/Arc early after infection. Lymphocytes may also be involved in the regulation of sleep alterations observed in African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C. Olivera
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonie Vetter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Tesoriero
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Del Gallo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gustav Hedberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Basile
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Dim light in the evening causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep, and short-term memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101591118. [PMID: 34556572 PMCID: PMC8488663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101591118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, people are regularly exposed to artificial light (e.g., light-emitting electronic devices). Dim light in the evening (DLE) imposes an artificial extension of the solar day, increasing our alertness before bedtime, delaying melatonin timing and sleep onset, and increasing sleepiness in the next morning. Using laboratory mice as a model organism, we show that 2 wk of 4-h, 20-lux DLE postpones rest–activity rhythms, delays molecular rhythms in the brain and body, and reverses the diurnal pattern of short-term memory performance. These results highlight the biological impact of DLE and emphasize the need to optimize our evening light exposure if we are to avoid shifting our biological clocks. Light provides the primary signal for entraining circadian rhythms to the day/night cycle. In addition to rods and cones, the retina contains a small population of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) expressing the photopigment melanopsin (OPN4). Concerns have been raised that exposure to dim artificial lighting in the evening (DLE) may perturb circadian rhythms and sleep patterns, and OPN4 is presumed to mediate these effects. Here, we examine the effects of 4-h, 20-lux DLE on circadian physiology and behavior in mice and the role of OPN4 in these responses. We show that 2 wk of DLE induces a phase delay of ∼2 to 3 h in mice, comparable to that reported in humans. DLE-induced phase shifts are unaffected in Opn4−/− mice, indicating that rods and cones are capable of driving these responses in the absence of melanopsin. DLE delays molecular clock rhythms in the heart, liver, adrenal gland, and dorsal hippocampus. It also reverses short-term recognition memory performance, which is associated with changes in preceding sleep history. In addition, DLE modifies patterns of hypothalamic and cortical cFos signals, a molecular correlate of recent neuronal activity. Together, our data show that DLE causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep patterns, and short-term memory process in mice. These effects are particularly relevant as DLE conditions―due to artificial light exposure―are experienced by the majority of the populace on a daily basis.
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Grieco F, Bernstein BJ, Biemans B, Bikovski L, Burnett CJ, Cushman JD, van Dam EA, Fry SA, Richmond-Hacham B, Homberg JR, Kas MJH, Kessels HW, Koopmans B, Krashes MJ, Krishnan V, Logan S, Loos M, McCann KE, Parduzi Q, Pick CG, Prevot TD, Riedel G, Robinson L, Sadighi M, Smit AB, Sonntag W, Roelofs RF, Tegelenbosch RAJ, Noldus LPJJ. Measuring Behavior in the Home Cage: Study Design, Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:735387. [PMID: 34630052 PMCID: PMC8498589 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.735387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproducibility crisis (or replication crisis) in biomedical research is a particularly existential and under-addressed issue in the field of behavioral neuroscience, where, in spite of efforts to standardize testing and assay protocols, several known and unknown sources of confounding environmental factors add to variance. Human interference is a major contributor to variability both within and across laboratories, as well as novelty-induced anxiety. Attempts to reduce human interference and to measure more "natural" behaviors in subjects has led to the development of automated home-cage monitoring systems. These systems enable prolonged and longitudinal recordings, and provide large continuous measures of spontaneous behavior that can be analyzed across multiple time scales. In this review, a diverse team of neuroscientists and product developers share their experiences using such an automated monitoring system that combines Noldus PhenoTyper® home-cages and the video-based tracking software, EthoVision® XT, to extract digital biomarkers of motor, emotional, social and cognitive behavior. After presenting our working definition of a "home-cage", we compare home-cage testing with more conventional out-of-cage tests (e.g., the open field) and outline the various advantages of the former, including opportunities for within-subject analyses and assessments of circadian and ultradian activity. Next, we address technical issues pertaining to the acquisition of behavioral data, such as the fine-tuning of the tracking software and the potential for integration with biotelemetry and optogenetics. Finally, we provide guidance on which behavioral measures to emphasize, how to filter, segment, and analyze behavior, and how to use analysis scripts. We summarize how the PhenoTyper has applications to study neuropharmacology as well as animal models of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illness. Looking forward, we examine current challenges and the impact of new developments. Examples include the automated recognition of specific behaviors, unambiguous tracking of individuals in a social context, the development of more animal-centered measures of behavior and ways of dealing with large datasets. Together, we advocate that by embracing standardized home-cage monitoring platforms like the PhenoTyper, we are poised to directly assess issues pertaining to reproducibility, and more importantly, measure features of rodent behavior under more ethologically relevant scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Briana J Bernstein
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | - Lior Bikovski
- Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - C Joseph Burnett
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jesse D Cushman
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | - Sydney A Fry
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Bar Richmond-Hacham
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martien J H Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Michael J Krashes
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Laboratory of Epilepsy and Emotional Behavior, Baylor Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Maarten Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katharine E McCann
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas D Prevot
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gernot Riedel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lianne Robinson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Sadighi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - William Sonntag
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | | | - Lucas P J J Noldus
- Noldus Information Technology BV, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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A deep learning algorithm for sleep stage scoring in mice based on a multimodal network with fine-tuning technique. Neurosci Res 2021; 173:99-105. [PMID: 34280429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep stage scoring is important to determine sleep structure in preclinical and clinical research. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic sleep stage classification system for mice with a new deep neural network algorithm. For the purpose of base feature extraction, wake-sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) and non- rapid eye movement (NREM) models were developed by extracting defining features from mouse-derived electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, respectively. The wake-sleep model and REM-NREM sleep model were integrated into three different algorithms including a rule-based integration approach, an ensemble stacking approach, and a multimodal with fine-tuning approach. The deep learning algorithm assessing sleep stages in animal experiments by the multimodal with fine-tuning approach showed high potential for increasing accuracy in sleep stage scoring in mice and promoting sleep research.
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Bano-Otalora B, Martial F, Harding C, Bechtold DA, Allen AE, Brown TM, Belle MDC, Lucas RJ. Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100094118. [PMID: 34031246 PMCID: PMC8179182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100094118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian circadian rhythms are orchestrated by a master pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which receives information about the 24 h light-dark cycle from the retina. The accepted function of this light signal is to reset circadian phase in order to ensure appropriate synchronization with the celestial day. Here, we ask whether light also impacts another key property of the circadian oscillation, its amplitude. To this end, we measured circadian rhythms in behavioral activity, body temperature, and SCN electrophysiological activity in the diurnal murid rodent Rhabdomys pumilio following stable entrainment to 12:12 light-dark cycles at four different daytime intensities (ranging from 18 to 1,900 lx melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance). R. pumilio showed strongly diurnal activity and body temperature rhythms in all conditions, but measures of rhythm robustness were positively correlated with daytime irradiance under both entrainment and subsequent free run. Whole-cell and extracellular recordings of electrophysiological activity in ex vivo SCN revealed substantial differences in electrophysiological activity between dim and bright light conditions. At lower daytime irradiance, daytime peaks in SCN spontaneous firing rate and membrane depolarization were substantially depressed, leading to an overall marked reduction in the amplitude of circadian rhythms in spontaneous activity. Our data reveal a previously unappreciated impact of daytime light intensity on SCN physiology and the amplitude of circadian rhythms and highlight the potential importance of daytime light exposure for circadian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bano-Otalora
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Martial
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Court Harding
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - David A Bechtold
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Annette E Allen
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Brown
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mino D C Belle
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Lucas
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Park J, Jung MS, Moon E, Lim HJ, Oh CE, Lee JH. Prediction of Locomotor Activity by Infrared Motion Detector on Sleep-wake State in Mice. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:303-312. [PMID: 33888659 PMCID: PMC8077046 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Behavioral assessments that effectively predict sleep-wake states were tried in animal research. This study aimed to examine the prediction power of an infrared locomotion detector on the sleep-wake states in ICR (Institute Cancer Research) mice. We also explored the influence of the durations and ways of data processing on the prediction power. Methods The locomotor activities of seven male mice in home cages were recorded by infrared detectors. Their sleep-wake states were assessed by video analysis. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off score was determined, then the area under the curve (AUC) values of the infrared motion detector that predicted sleep-wake states were calculated. In order to improve the prediction power, the four ways of data processing on the prediction power were performed by Matlab 2013b. Results In the initial analysis of raw data, the AUC value was 0.785, but it gradually reached to 0.942 after data summation. The simple data averaging and summation among four different methods showed the maximal AUC value. The 10-minute data summation improved sensitivity (0.889) and specificity (0.901) significantly from the baseline value (sensitivity 0.615; specificity 0.936) (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that the locomotor activity measured by an infrared motion detector might be useful to predict the sleep-wake states in ICR mice. It also revealed that only simple data summation may improve the predictive power. Using daily locomotor activities measured by an infrared motion detector is expected to facilitate animal research related to sleep-wake states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Soo Jung
- Maumpyeonhan Psychiatric Clinic, Changwon, Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi Eun Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Feng S, Huang H, Wang N, Wei Y, Liu Y, Qin D. Sleep Disorders in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights From Animal Models, Especially Non-human Primate Model. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:673372. [PMID: 34093147 PMCID: PMC8173056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.673372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with deficient social skills, communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has increased among children in recent years. Children with ASD experience more sleep problems, and sleep appears to be essential for the survival and integrity of most living organisms, especially for typical synaptic development and brain plasticity. Many methods have been used to assess sleep problems over past decades such as sleep diaries and parent-reported questionnaires, electroencephalography, actigraphy and videosomnography. A substantial number of rodent and non-human primate models of ASD have been generated. Many of these animal models exhibited sleep disorders at an early age. The aim of this review is to examine and discuss sleep disorders in children with ASD. Toward this aim, we evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, phenotypic analyses, and pathophysiological brain mechanisms of ASD. We highlight the current state of animal models for ASD and explore their implications and prospects for investigating sleep disorders associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Feng
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Sanchez RE, de la Iglesia HO. Sleep and the circadian system: The latest gossip on a tumultuous long-term relationship. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2021; 10:100061. [PMID: 33665478 PMCID: PMC7906888 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2665. [PMID: 33514775 PMCID: PMC7846607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many experiments have analyzed the effect of the space environment on various organisms. However, except for the group-rearing of mice in space, there has been little information on the behavior of organisms in response to gravity changes. In this study, we developed a simple Active Inactive Separation (AIS) method to extract activity and inactivity in videos obtained from the habitat cage unit of a space experiment. This method yields an activity ratio as a ratio of ‘activity’ within the whole. Adaptation to different gravitational conditions from 1g to hypergravity (HG) and from microgravity (MG) to artificial 1g (AG) was analyzed based on the amount of activity to calculate the activity ratio and the active interval. The result for the activity ratios for the ground control experiment using AIS were close to previous studies, so the effectiveness of this method was indicated. In the case of changes in gravity from 1g to HG, the ratio was low at the start of centrifugation, recovered sharply in the first week, and entered a stable period in another week. The trend in the AG and HG was the same; adapting to different gravity environments takes time.
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Modulation of recognition memory performance by light and its relationship with cortical EEG theta and gamma activities. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114404. [PMID: 33412102 PMCID: PMC8363935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to light exerts widespread effects on physiology, in addition to its key role in photoentrainment. Although the modulatory effect of light on physiological arousal is well demonstrated in mice, its effect on memory performance is inconclusive, as the direction of the effect depends on the nature of the behavioural task employed and/or the type of stimulus utilised. Moreover, in all rodent studies that reported significant effects of light on performance, brain activity was not assessed during the task and thus it is unclear how brain activity was modulated by light or the exact relationship between light-modulated brain activity and performance. Here we examine the modulatory effects of light of varying intensities on recognition memory performance and frontoparietal waking electroencephalography (EEG) in mice using the spontaneous recognition memory task. We report a light-intensity-dependent disruptive effect on recognition memory performance at the group level, but inspection of individual-level data indicates that light-intensity-dependent facilitation is observed in some cases. Using linear mixed-effects models, we then demonstrate that EEG fast theta (θ) activity at the time of encoding negatively predicts recognition memory performance, whereas slow gamma (γ) activity at the time of retrieval positively predicts performance. These relationships between θ/γ activity and performance are strengthened by increasing light intensity. Thus, light modulates θ and γ band activities involved in attentional and mnemonic processes, thereby affecting recognition memory performance. However, extraneous factors including the phase of the internal clock at which light is presented and homeostatic sleep pressure may determine how photic input is translated into behavioural performance.
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50
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Kloefkorn H, Aiani LM, Lakhani A, Nagesh S, Moss A, Goolsby W, Rehg JM, Pedersen NP, Hochman S. Noninvasive three-state sleep-wake staging in mice using electric field sensors. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 344:108834. [PMID: 32619585 PMCID: PMC7454007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Validate a novel method for sleep-wake staging in mice using noninvasive electric field (EF) sensors. METHODS Mice were implanted with electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes and housed individually. Noninvasive EF sensors were attached to the exterior of each chamber to record respiration and other movement simultaneously with EEG, EMG, and video. A sleep-wake scoring method based on EF sensor data was developed with reference to EEG/EMG and then validated by three expert scorers. Additionally, novice scorers without sleep-wake scoring experience were self-trained to score sleep using only the EF sensor data, and results were compared to those from expert scorers. Lastly, ability to capture three-state sleep-wake staging with EF sensors attached to traditional mouse home-cages was tested. RESULTS EF sensors quantified wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep with high agreement (>93%) and comparable inter- and intra-scorer error as EEG/EMG. Novice scorers successfully learned sleep-wake scoring using only EF sensor data and scoring criteria, and achieved high agreement with expert scorers (>91%). When applied to traditional home-cages, EF sensors enabled classification of three-state (wake, NREM and REM) sleep-wake independent of EEG/EMG. CONCLUSIONS EF sensors score three-state sleep-wake architecture with high agreement to conventional EEG/EMG sleep-wake scoring 1) without invasive surgery, 2) from outside the home-cage, and 3) and without requiring specialized training or equipment. EF sensors provide an alternative method to assess rodent sleep for animal models and research laboratories in which EEG/EMG is not possible or where noninvasive approaches are preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kloefkorn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - L M Aiani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Lakhani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Nagesh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Moss
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Goolsby
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J M Rehg
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N P Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - S Hochman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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