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Fu Y, Yu B, Yang B, Pan J, Feng C, Jia P, Zeng H, Yang S. Association between chronotype and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in employed adults: A longitudinal study in Southwestern China. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1557-1565. [PMID: 38012067 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2285316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system is an essential physiological regulator of mammals, and sleep chronotype may be associated with the risk of metabolic disorders. However, evidence regarding the role of sleep chronotype in the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is scarce, particularly in employed adults. We conducted a longitudinal study of 1,309 employed adults in Southwestern China with a five-year follow-up from 2017 to 2021. MAFLD was assessed by the presence of hepatic steatosis using abdominal ultrasonography, overweight/obese status, diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysregulation, or elevation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Chronotype was assessed by the Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5). The logistic random effects model was applied to analyze the 5-year panel data to estimate the association between chronotype and MAFLD, and the potential effect modification of demographics on such association. The MAFLD prevalence of participants was 38.6% at baseline and showed an increasing trend during follow-up (p for trends < 0.05). Compared with morning chronotype, evening chronotype was positively associated with MAFLD (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: [1.09, 4.40]) after controlled for covariates. Age, sex, ethnicity, and educational level did not modify the association between chronotype and MAFLD. These findings suggest that improving circadian rhythms could reduce the risk of MAFLD and chronic disease burden among employed adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanteng Feng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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de Assis LVM, Demir M, Oster H. The role of the circadian clock in the development, progression, and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13915. [PMID: 36599410 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock comprises a cellular endogenous timing system coordinating the alignment of physiological processes with geophysical time. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with several metabolic diseases. In this review, we focus on liver as a major metabolic tissue and one of the most well-studied organs with regard to circadian regulation. We summarize current knowledge about the role of local and systemic clocks and rhythms in regulating biological functions of the liver. We discuss how the disruption of circadian rhythms influences the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We also critically evaluate whether NAFLD/NASH may in turn result in chronodisruption. The last chapter focuses on potential roles of the clock system in prevention and treatment of NAFLD/NASH and the interaction of current NASH drug candidates with liver circadian rhythms and clocks. It becomes increasingly clear that paying attention to circadian timing may open new avenues for the optimization of NAFLD/NASH therapies and provide interesting targets for prevention and treatment of these increasingly prevalent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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3
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Manouchehri S, Mirmohammadi SJ, Vakili M, Mehrparvar AH, Mirzaei M. Association between different patterns of shift work and liver function tests: A cross-sectional analysis of Shahedieh PERSIAN cohort data, Iran, 2020. Work 2023; 76:125-133. [PMID: 36744354 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that shift work may cause liver dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relationship between different patterns of shift work and elevated level of liver enzymes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1910 workers aged 35 to 70 years were selected with simple random sampling from 9978 participants of the recruitment phase of Shahedieh PERSIAN cohort study. Level of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT) and ALT/AST ratio was compared between shift workers and non-shift workers, and among employees working in different patterns of shift work. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21.0) using Student's T test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis test, and logistic regression. RESULTS Among 1347 males (71%) and 563 females (29%) with a mean age of 40.4±7.4 years, 469 were shift workers. Fixed evening type shift was the most common (30.3%) and fixed night-shift was the least common (0.9%) type of shift work. The mean blood levels of liver enzymes was not significantly different between shift workers and non-shift workers. In comparison between different patterns of shift work, the mean serum level of GGT was significantly higher in individuals with slow rotating shifts than those with fixed evening shifts, rapid rotating, split and fixed 24 hour shifts (p≤0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors only elevated AST was significantly higher in shift workers. CONCLUSION There was only a significant association between shift work and elevated AST, and no relationship was found with ALT, ALP, GGT, and ALT/AST ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Manouchehri
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Vakili
- Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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4
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Zhu B. Logic of the Temporal Compartmentalization of the Hepatic Metabolic Cycle. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35658626 PMCID: PMC9394779 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian liver must cope with various metabolic and physiological changes that normally recur every day and result primarily from rest-activity and fasting-feeding cycles. In this article, I present evidence supporting a temporal compartmentalization of rhythmic hepatic metabolic processes into four main clusters: regulation of energy homeostasis, maintenance of information integrity, immune response, and genetic information flow. I further review literatures and discuss how both the circadian and the newly discovered 12-h ultradian clock work together to regulate these four temporally separated processes in mouse liver, which, interestingly, is largely uncoupled from the liver zonation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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5
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Guo X, Zheng J, Zhang S, Jiang X, Chen T, Yu J, Wang S, Ma X, Wu C. Advances in Unhealthy Nutrition and Circadian Dysregulation in Pathophysiology of NAFLD. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2021; 2:691828. [PMID: 36994336 PMCID: PMC10012147 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.691828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy diets and lifestyle result in various metabolic conditions including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Much evidence indicates that disruption of circadian rhythms contributes to the development and progression of excessive hepatic fat deposition and inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, a key characteristic of non-steatohepatitis (NASH) or the advanced form of NAFLD. In this review, we emphasize the importance of nutrition as a critical factor in the regulation of circadian clock in the liver. We also focus on the roles of the rhythms of nutrient intake and the composition of diets in the regulation of circadian clocks in the context of controlling hepatic glucose and fat metabolism. We then summarize the effects of unhealthy nutrition and circadian dysregulation on the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. A better understanding of how the interplay among nutrition, circadian rhythms, and dysregulated metabolism result in hepatic steatosis and inflammation can help develop improved preventive and/or therapeutic strategies for managing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu'e Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
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6
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Circadian Clock and Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143631. [PMID: 34298842 PMCID: PMC8306099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The circadian coordination of metabolism is tightly regulated, and its alteration can trigger several diseases, including liver steatohepatitis and cancer. Many factors (such as diet and jet lag) shape both the liver molecular clock and the circadian transcription/translation of genes related to different metabolic pathways. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that control this circadian regulation of liver metabolism. Abstract Circadian clocks control several homeostatic processes in mammals through internal molecular mechanisms. Chronic perturbation of circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic diseases and increased cancer risk, including liver cancer. The hepatic physiology follows a daily rhythm, driven by clock genes that control the expression of several proteins involved in distinct metabolic pathways. Alteration of the liver clock results in metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and impaired glucose metabolism, that can trigger the activation of oncogenic pathways, inducing spontaneous hepatocarcinoma (HCC). In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the liver clock in the metabolic and oncogenic changes that lead to HCC and discuss new potentially useful targets for prevention and management of HCC.
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7
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Ma J, Cheng Y, Su Q, Ai W, Gong L, Wang Y, Li L, Ma Z, Pan Q, Qiao Z, Chen K. Effects of intermittent fasting on liver physiology and metabolism in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:950. [PMID: 34335892 PMCID: PMC8290466 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad spectrum of health benefits from intermittent fasting have been reported in studies on animal models and human subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms of these beneficial effects remain largely elusive. The present study aimed to explore the effects and potential mode of action of intermittent fasting in mouse models with a focus on the liver. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intermittent fasting or ad libitum feeding as controls. It was determined that 12 h of daily intermittent fasting for 30 days significantly reduced the cumulative food intake compared with that in mice with ad libitum feeding. Fasting resulted in a significantly reduced liver mass but only had a minimal effect on bodyweight. The effects on the liver by 30 days of fasting were not reversed by subsequent ad libitum refeeding for 30 days. Among the measured blood biochemical parameters, the levels of blood glucose were decreased, while the levels of alkaline phosphatase were increased in fasting mice. Of note, targeted metabolic profiling revealed global elevation of metabolites in the livers of fasting mice. These metabolic molecules included adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), reduced NADP and succinate, which are essentially involved in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, it was concluded that daily 12 h of intermittent fasting for one month significantly reduced the liver weight of mice, which is associated with enhanced liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Experimental Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, P.R. China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Linhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Kan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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8
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O'Malley BW. SRC-2 Coactivator: a role in human metabolic evolution and disease. Mol Med 2020; 26:45. [PMID: 32410572 PMCID: PMC7227291 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The large family of transcriptional coactivators originated with the cloning of the subfamily of Steroid Receptor Coactivators (SRC-1,2,3). These 3 coactivators serve as primary 'master genes' to direct the coordinate transcription of multiple genes required for physiological goals in cells, specifically, carbohydrate, lipid, or anabolic growth metabolisms. SRC-2 is of special interest in terms of lipid metabolism and energy accrual and is the topic of a collection of our research discoveries and publications described in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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9
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Mazzoccoli G, Miele L, Marrone G, Mazza T, Vinciguerra M, Grieco A. A Role for the Biological Clock in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111778. [PMID: 31718031 PMCID: PMC6895918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological clock controls at the molecular level several aspects of mammalian physiology, by regulating daily oscillations of crucial biological processes such as nutrient metabolism in the liver. Disruption of the circadian clock circuitry has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for cancer and classified as a potential group 2A carcinogen to humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the prevailing histological type of primary liver cancer, one of the most important causes of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC onset and progression is related to B and C viral hepatitis, alcoholic and especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related milieu of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and chronic inflammation. In this review, we recapitulate the state-of-the-art knowledge on the interplay between the biological clock and the oncogenic pathways and mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, we propose how a deeper understanding of circadian clock circuitry–cancer pathways’ crosstalk is promising for developing new strategies for HCC prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.V.); Tel.: +0039-(0)-882-410255 (G.M.); +0042-(0)-5-11-158-277 (M.V.); Fax: +0039-(0)-882-410255 (G.M.)
| | - Luca Miele
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli–IRCCS– Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Marrone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli–IRCCS– Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy;
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.V.); Tel.: +0039-(0)-882-410255 (G.M.); +0042-(0)-5-11-158-277 (M.V.); Fax: +0039-(0)-882-410255 (G.M.)
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli–IRCCS– Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
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10
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Gnocchi D, Custodero C, Sabbà C, Mazzocca A. Circadian rhythms: a possible new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:741-759. [PMID: 30953079 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, a better knowledge of the molecular machinery supervising the regulation of circadian clocks has been achieved, and numerous findings have helped in unravelling the outstanding significance of the molecular clock for the proper regulation of our physiologic and metabolic homeostasis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered as one of the emerging liver pathologies in the Western countries due to the modification of eating habits and lifestyle. Although NAFLD is considered a pretty benign condition, it can progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenic mechanisms involved in NAFLD development are complex, since this disease is a multifactorial condition. Major metabolic deregulations along with a genetic background are believed to take part in this process. In this light, the aim of this review is to give a comprehensive description of how our circadian machinery is regulated and to describe to what extent our internal clock is involved in the regulation of hormonal and metabolic homeostasis, and by extension in the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH and eventually in the onset of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Custodero
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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11
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Kovač U, Skubic C, Bohinc L, Rozman D, Režen T. Oxysterols and Gastrointestinal Cancers Around the Clock. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:483. [PMID: 31379749 PMCID: PMC6653998 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of oxidized sterols in three major gastrointestinal cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, and colon cancer) and how the circadian clock affects the carcinogenesis by regulating the lipid metabolism and beyond. While each field of research (cancer, oxysterols, and circadian clock) is well-studied within their specialty, little is known about the intertwining mechanisms and how these influence the disease etiology in each cancer type. Oxysterols are involved in pathology of these cancers, but final conclusions about their protective or damaging effects are elusive, since the effect depends on the type of oxysterol, concentration, and the cell type. Oxysterol concentrations, the expression of key regulators liver X receptors (LXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBP) family are modulated in tumors and plasma of cancer patients, exposing these proteins and selected oxysterols as new potential biomarkers and drug targets. Evidence about how cholesterol/oxysterol pathways are intertwined with circadian clock is building. Identified key contact points are different forms of retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptors (ROR) and LXRs. RORs and LXRs are both regulated by sterols/oxysterols and the circadian clock and in return also regulate the same pathways, representing a complex interplay between sterol metabolism and the clock. With this in mind, in addition to classical therapies to modulate cholesterol in gastrointestinal cancers, such as the statin therapy, the time is ripe also for therapies where time and duration of the drug application is taken as an important factor for successful therapies. The final goal is the personalized approach with chronotherapy for disease management and treatment in order to increase the positive drug effects.
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12
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Wang F, Zhang L, Wu S, Li W, Sun M, Feng W, Ding D, Yeung-Shan Wong S, Zhu P, Evans GJ, Wing YK, Zhang J, Vlaanderen JJ, Vermeulen RCH, Zhang Y, Chan EYY, Li Z, Tse LA. Night shift work and abnormal liver function: is non-alcohol fatty liver a necessary mediator? Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:83-89. [PMID: 30514747 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulated evidence implies that night shift work may trigger liver dysfunction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is suggested to be a necessary mediator in this process. This study aimed to examine the relationship between night shift work and elevated level of alanine transaminase (e-ALT) of workers and investigate the potential mediation effect of NAFL. METHODS This study included all male workers from the baseline survey of a cohort of night shift workers. Information on demographics, lifestyle and lifetime working schedule was collected by face-to-face interview. Liver sonography was used to identify NAFL cases. Serum ALT level was detected by an automatic biochemical analyser. e-ALT was defined as ALT >40 U/L. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate ORs, and mediation analysis was employed to examine the mediation effect. RESULTS Among 4740 male workers, 39.5% were night shift workers. Night shift workers had an increased risk of e-ALT (OR, 1.19, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.42). With the increase in night shift years, the OR of e-ALT increased from 1.03 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.36) to 1.60 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.39) among workers without NAFL. A similar trend was not found among workers with NAFL. In addition, no significant mediation effect of NAFL in the association between night shift work and e-ALT was found. CONCLUSIONS Night shift work is positively associated with abnormal liver function, in particular among workers without NAFL. Shift work involving circadian disruption is likely to exert a direct effect on liver dysfunction rather than rely on the mediation effect of NAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK Centre for Public Health and Primary Care (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liuzhuo Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suyang Wu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wentao Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenting Feng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Greg J Evans
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jelle J Vlaanderen
- Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Emily Ying-Yang Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK Centre for Public Health and Primary Care (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Christie S, Vincent AD, Li H, Frisby CL, Kentish SJ, O'Rielly R, Wittert GA, Page AJ. A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G932-G942. [PMID: 30188750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Processes involved in regulation of energy balance and intermediary metabolism are aligned to the light-dark cycle. Shift-work and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity disrupt circadian rhythmicity and are associated with increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of simulating shift work on hepatic lipid accumulation in lean and HFD mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 4 wk were further allocated to a normal light (NL) cycle (lights on: 0600-1800) or rotating light (RL) cycle [3 days NL and 4 days reversed (lights on: 1800-0600) repeated] for 8 wk. Tissue was collected every 3 h beginning at 0600. HFD mice gained more weight than SLD mice, and RL mice gained more weight than NL mice. SLD-NL and HFD-NL mice, but not RL mice, were more active, had higher respiratory quotients, and consumed/expended more energy during the dark phase compared with the light phase. Blood glucose and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were elevated in HFD and SLD-RL compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic glycogen was elevated in HFD compared with SLD mice. Hepatic triglycerides were elevated in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL. Circadian rhythmicity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA) mRNA was phase shifted in SLD-RL and HFD-NL and lost in HFD-RL mice. Hepatic ACACA protein was reduced in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic adipose triglyceride lipase was elevated in HFD-NL compared with SLD-NL but lower in RL mice compared with NL mice irrespective of diet. In conclusion, an RL cycle model of shift work promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage even in lean conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this publication we describe the effects of a rotating light cycle model of shift work in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice on body mass, diurnal patterns of energy intake and expenditure, and hepatic lipid storage. The data indicate that modeling shift work, via a rotating light cycle, promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation even in mice on a standard laboratory diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Claudine L Frisby
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stephen J Kentish
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Rebecca O'Rielly
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
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14
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Zhu B, Dacso CC, O’Malley BW. Unveiling "Musica Universalis" of the Cell: A Brief History of Biological 12-Hour Rhythms. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:727-752. [PMID: 29978151 PMCID: PMC6025213 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
"Musica universalis" is an ancient philosophical concept claiming the movements of celestial bodies follow mathematical equations and resonate to produce an inaudible harmony of music, and the harmonious sounds that humans make were an approximation of this larger harmony of the universe. Besides music, electromagnetic waves such as light and electric signals also are presented as harmonic resonances. Despite the seemingly universal theme of harmonic resonance in various disciplines, it was not until recently that the same harmonic resonance was discovered also to exist in biological systems. Contrary to traditional belief that a biological system is either at stead-state or cycles with a single frequency, it is now appreciated that most biological systems have no homeostatic "set point," but rather oscillate as composite rhythms consisting of superimposed oscillations. These oscillations often cycle at different harmonics of the circadian rhythm, and among these, the ~12-hour oscillation is most prevalent. In this review, we focus on these 12-hour oscillations, with special attention to their evolutionary origin, regulation, and functions in mammals, as well as their relationship to the circadian rhythm. We further discuss the potential roles of the 12-hour clock in regulating hepatic steatosis, aging, and the possibility of 12-hour clock-based chronotherapy. Finally, we posit that biological rhythms are also musica universalis: whereas the circadian rhythm is synchronized to the 24-hour light/dark cycle coinciding with the Earth's rotation, the mammalian 12-hour clock may have evolved from the circatidal clock, which is entrained by the 12-hour tidal cues orchestrated by the moon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford C Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bert W O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Diehl
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.M.D); and Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (C.D.)
| | - Christopher Day
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.M.D); and Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (C.D.)
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16
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Diehl AM. Timing Is Everything. Cell Metab 2017; 25:2-4. [PMID: 28076761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In a recent issue of Cancer Cell, Kettner and colleagues (2016) link disruption of normal circadian rhythms to NASH and associated liver cancer, suggesting that molecular clocks, as well as their regulators and target genes, might provide novel therapeutic targets in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Bluemel S, Williams B, Knight R, Schnabl B. Precision medicine in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the gut microbiota. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G1018-G1036. [PMID: 27686615 PMCID: PMC5206291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00245.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent a major health burden in industrialized countries. Although alcohol abuse and nutrition play a central role in disease pathogenesis, preclinical models support a contribution of the gut microbiota to ALD and NAFLD. This review describes changes in the intestinal microbiota compositions related to ALD and NAFLD. Findings from in vitro, animal, and human studies are used to explain how intestinal pathology contributes to disease progression. This review summarizes the effects of untargeted microbiome modifications using antibiotics and probiotics on liver disease in animals and humans. While both affect humoral inflammation, regression of advanced liver disease or mortality has not been demonstrated. This review further describes products secreted by Lactobacillus- and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as fatty acids and antioxidants, that could be used for precision medicine in the treatment of liver disease. A better understanding of host-microbial interactions is allowing discovery of novel therapeutic targets in the gut microbiota, enabling new treatment options that restore the intestinal ecosystem precisely and influence liver disease. The modulation options of the gut microbiota and precision medicine employing the gut microbiota presented in this review have excellent prospects to improve treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Bluemel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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