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Wang H, Zhang J, Liu H, Wang Z, Li G, Liu Q, Wang C. Chondrocyte-laden gelatin/sodium alginate hydrogel integrating 3D printed PU scaffold for auricular cartilage reconstruction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126294. [PMID: 37633565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, modified autologous rib cartilage grafts and commercial implants are commonly used for intraoperative repair of auricular cartilage defects caused by injuries. However, scaffold implantation is often accompanied by various complications including absorption and collapse, resulting in undesirable clinical outcomes. Three-dimensional printed auricular cartilage scaffolds have the advantage of individual design and biofunctionality, which attracted tremendous attention in this field. In this study, to better simulate the mechanical properties of auricular cartilage, we tested PU treated by ultrasonication and high temperature for 30 min (PU-30) or 60 min (PU-60). The results indicated that the compression modulus of PU-30 was 2.21-2.48 MPa, which similar to that of natural auricular cartilage (2.22-7.23 MPa) and was chosen for subsequent experiments. And the pores of treated PU were filled with a gelatin/sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with chondrocytes. In vivo analysis using a rabbit model confirmed that implanted PU-30 scaffold filled with chondrocytes contained hydrogel successfully integrated with normal auricular cartilage, and that new cartilage was generated at the scaffold-tissue interface by histological examination. These findings illustrate that this engineered scaffold represents a potential strategy for repair of ear cartilage damage in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Wang S, Yang J, Zhao G, Liu R, Du Y, Cai Z, Luan J, Shen Y, Chen B. Current applications of platelet gels in wound healing-A review. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:370-379. [PMID: 33749992 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human platelets play important roles in several physiologic and pathologic processes. Platelet concentrates are activated with thrombin or calcium, resulting in a viscous coagulum (platelet gel [PG]), composed of 95% platelets at least. PG is increasingly used for the treatment of a variety of soft and hard tissue defects, most notably in the management of chronic non-healing wounds. During wound healing, platelets not only play a critical role in primary hemostasis and thrombosis, but also release growth factors and cytokines to promote tissue regeneration, enhance collagen synthesis, and trigger an immune response. This review addresses a variety of aspects relevant to the functions of well-known platelet growth factors, animal and clinical studies of PG in the last decade, and different sources of platelets for PG. PG is used for non-healing chronic wounds, such as oral ulcerations related to epidermolysis bullosa and chronic graft-versus-host disease, for those, the traditional treatment effect is poor. PG maybe provide a new therapeutic direction for these diseases. Nevertheless, some uncertainty is present, the number of clinical studies is not enough. Hence, randomized controlled trials are still required to study the potential of the use of PG in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jinling Hospital Department Blood Transfusion, Nanjing University, School Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchao Zhao
- Jinling Hospital Department Blood Transfusion, Nanjing University, School Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimei Cai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Luan
- Jinling Hospital Department Blood Transfusion, Nanjing University, School Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Niermeyer WL, Rodman C, Li MM, Chiang T. Tissue engineering applications in otolaryngology-The state of translation. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:630-648. [PMID: 32864434 PMCID: PMC7444782 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While tissue engineering holds significant potential to address current limitations in reconstructive surgery of the head and neck, few constructs have made their way into routine clinical use. In this review, we aim to appraise the state of head and neck tissue engineering over the past five years, with a specific focus on otologic, nasal, craniofacial bone, and laryngotracheal applications. A comprehensive scoping search of the PubMed database was performed and over 2000 article hits were returned with 290 articles included in the final review. These publications have addressed the hallmark characteristics of tissue engineering (cellular source, scaffold, and growth signaling) for head and neck anatomical sites. While there have been promising reports of effective tissue engineered interventions in small groups of human patients, the majority of research remains constrained to in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at furthering the understanding of the biological processes involved in tissue engineering. Further, differences in functional and cosmetic properties of the ear, nose, airway, and craniofacial bone affect the emphasis of investigation at each site. While otolaryngologists currently play a role in tissue engineering translational research, continued multidisciplinary efforts will likely be required to push the state of translation towards tissue-engineered constructs available for routine clinical use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cole Rodman
- The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Michael M. Li
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Department of OtolaryngologyNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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Liu Q, Li XJ, Wang ZS. [Effects of porcine acellular cartilaginous matrix on the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:122-127. [PMID: 32314882 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of porcine acellular cartilaginous matrix (pACM) on the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs). METHODS pACM was prepared from porcine articular cartilage through decellularization treatment. hADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues and cultured with different pACM concentrations. No pACM was used as the control group. The effect of pACM on hADSCs proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method. Moreover, the effect of pACM on hADSCs chondrogenic differentiation was analyzed through fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS hADSCs proliferation rate in 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg·mL⁻¹ pACM groups was not significantly different from that in the control group, whereas that in 4.0 and 8.0 mg·mL⁻¹ pACM group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of pACM chondrogenic genes, including SOX-9, collagen type Ⅱ alpha 1 chain (COL2A1), and aggrecan (ACAN) and cell adhesion-related gene LAMININ in 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg·mL⁻¹ pACM group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), but that of a stemness-related gene Notch-1 was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). No statistical difference was found in the expression of a lipogenesis-related gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAr-γ) (P>0.05). The expression levels of chondrogenic proteins (SOX-9, COL2A1, and ACAN) were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Appropriate pACM con-centrations do not affect hADSCs proliferation but can induce hADSCs chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue-Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhong-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Xie Y, Chen M, Chen Y, Xu Y, Sun Y, Liang J, Fan Y, Zhang X. Effects of PRP and LyPRP on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:116-126. [PMID: 31498962 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in a variety of growth factors and plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It has been reported that the preparation of freeze-dried platelets (lyophilized platelets [LyPRP]) from platelets could be an effective strategy to preserve the bioactivity of platelets for a long time. In this study, the osteogenic induction effects of PRP and LyPRP on MSCs were evaluated. The rabbit arterial blood was drawing to preparation of PRP by secondary centrifugation. Whole blood was prepared by lyophilization buffer to prepare LyPRP, which were activated by chloride and their surface morphology was observed. It was observed using a scanning electron microscope that platelets were evenly distributed on the surface of PRP and LyPRP. Growth factors were slowly released from PRP and LyPRP during the first 7 days and detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Cell proliferation assays and fluoresceindiacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining demonstrated that PRP and LyPRP could promote cell proliferation. PRP and LyPRP were also shown to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro by osteogenesis characteristic staining and qPCR quantitative detection of osteogenic related gene expression. Both PRP and LyPRP could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs effectively. Moreover, PRP exhibited a better osteogenic induction effect on MSC than LyPRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Xie
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Controlled Release Strategies for the Combination of Fresh and Lyophilized Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Bone Tissue Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4923767. [PMID: 31223618 PMCID: PMC6541981 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4923767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate growth factors release kinetics for the combination of fresh platelet-rich fibrin (F-PRF) and lyophilized PRF (L-PRF) with different ratios to promote bone tissue regeneration. First, we quantified the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) in vitro and analyzed their release kinetics from F-PRF, L-PRF, and the fresh/lyophilized PRF in different weight ratios (F:L=1:1, 1:3, 1:5). The second experimental phase was to investigate the proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as a functional response to the factors released. To further test the osteogenic potential in vivo, different scaffolds (F-PRF, or L-PRF, or F:L=1:1) were implanted in rabbit cranial bone defects. There was a statistically significant increase in proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs when the culture medium contained different PRF exudates collected at day 14 compared with the negative control group. The results showed that the new bone formation in the fresh/lyophilized PRF (1:1) was much more than that of other groups in defects at both 6 and 12 weeks. Our data suggested growth factor concentration and release kinetics as a consequence of fresh and lyophilized PRF combination, which is an effective way for promoting bone regeneration.
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Sani F, Mehdipour F, Talaei-Khozani T, Sani M, Razban V. Fabrication of platelet-rich plasma/silica scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.17.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehdipour
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang M, Yuan Z, Ma N, Hao C, Guo W, Zou G, Zhang Y, Chen M, Gao S, Peng J, Wang A, Wang Y, Sui X, Xu W, Lu S, Liu S, Guo Q. Advances and Prospects in Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4130607. [PMID: 28246531 PMCID: PMC5299204 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The histological features of cartilage call attention to the fact that cartilage has a little capacity to repair itself owing to the lack of a blood supply, nerves, or lymphangion. Stem cells have emerged as a promising option in the field of cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and could lead to cartilage repair. Much research has examined cartilage regeneration utilizing stem cells. However, both the potential and the limitations of this procedure remain controversial. This review presents a summary of emerging trends with regard to using stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, it focuses on the characterization of cartilage stem cells, the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, and the various strategies and approaches involving stem cells that have been used in cartilage repair and clinical studies. Based on the research into chondrocyte and stem cell technologies, this review discusses the damage and repair of cartilage and the clinical application of stem cells, with a view to increasing our systematic understanding of the application of stem cells in cartilage regeneration; additionally, several advanced strategies for cartilage repair are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- Anesthesiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gengyi Zou
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Center for Biomedical Material and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shibi Lu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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The use of platelet-rich fibrin combined with periodontal ligament and jaw bone mesenchymal stem cell sheets for periodontal tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28126. [PMID: 27324079 PMCID: PMC4914939 DOI: 10.1038/srep28126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal regeneration involves the restoration of at least three unique tissues: cementum, periodontal ligament tissue (PDL) and alveolar bone tissue. Here, we first isolated human PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and jaw bone mesenchymal stem cells (JBMSCs). These cells were then induced to form cell sheets using an ascorbic acid-rich approach, and the cell sheet properties, including morphology, thickness and gene expression profile, were compared. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) derived from human venous blood was then fabricated into bioabsorbable fibrin scaffolds containing various growth factors. Finally, the in vivo potential of a cell-material construct based on PDLSC sheets, PRF scaffolds and JBMSC sheets to form periodontal tissue was assessed in a nude mouse model. In this model, PDLSC sheet/PRF/JBMSC sheet composites were placed in a simulated periodontal space comprising human treated dentin matrix (TDM) and hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) frameworks. Eight weeks after implantation, the PDLSC sheets tended to develop into PDL-like tissues, while the JBMSC sheets tended to produce predominantly bone-like tissues. In addition, the PDLSC sheet/PRF/JBMSC sheet composites generated periodontal tissue-like structures containing PDL- and bone-like tissues. Further improvements in this cell transplantation design may have the potential to provide an effective approach for future periodontal tissue regeneration.
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