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Jing G, Wang L. Repairing Exposed Tendon Wounds with Absorbable Gelatin Sponges and Autologous Split-Thickness Skin Grafts: A Case Series. Adv Skin Wound Care 2024; 37:1-5. [PMID: 38899825 DOI: 10.1097/asw.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Conventional flap repair surgery has several drawbacks, including operational complexity, donor site damage, and high risk. In this case series, the authors explored an alternative approach for repairing exposed tendon wounds caused by trauma using absorbable gelatin sponges (AGSs) and autologous thigh skin grafts. This report presents two cases of lower-extremity skin necrosis with tendon exposure following wound debridement. The treatment approach involved early debridement, negative-pressure wound therapy, and wound irrigation with 0.9% sodium chloride. Upon achieving controlled wound infection, AGSs were applied to the exposed tendon to prevent degeneration and promote wound healing. Subsequently, areas where granulation tissue failed to cover the tendon were repaired using AGSs and 0.25-mm-thick autologous mesh skin grafts harvested from the thigh. Complete wound healing was achieved in both cases, on the 20th and 12th day after skin grafting, respectively. The proposed method proved successful in repairing exposed tendon wounds, effectively preventing infection and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Jing
- At Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China, Gang Jing, MM, is attending physician, Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, and LinLin Wang, MM, is Associate Chief Physician
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Liu C, Zeng H, Jiang R, Wang K, Ouyang J, Wen S, Peng L, Xu H, Huang J, Liu Z. Effects of Mulberry Leaf Fu Tea on the Intestines and Intestinal Flora of Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Foods 2023; 12:4006. [PMID: 37959125 PMCID: PMC10648540 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by hyperglycemia, an imbalance in the intestinal flora and disruption of the endocrine system. At present, it is primarily controlled through drug treatment and an improved diet. Mulberry leaf and fu brick tea were considered to have excellent hypoglycemic effects. This study used mulberry leaves and fu brick tea as raw materials to develop a dietary regulator that can assist in the prevention and alleviation of diabetes. The experiment used the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf fu tea (MFT) and its influence on the intestinal flora of diabetic rats through methods including ELISA, tissue section observation and 16S RNA microbial sequencing. The results showed that, compared with the GK group, the intervention of mulberry leaf fu tea significantly reduced the activities of α-glucosidase (p < 0.05) and α-amylase (p < 0.05) in the duodenum of GK diabetic rats. The height of the duodenal villi was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), leading to decreased intestinal sugar absorption. At the same time, MFT alleviates the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by high blood sugar, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc.), and inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria (Blautia, Klebsiella, Helicobacter, Alistipes, etc.). MFT helps reduce the secretion of toxic substances (lipopolysaccharide, p < 0.001), decreases oxidative stress and inflammation, mitigates organ damage, and improves symptoms of diabetes. Finally, the random blood glucose value of GK rats dropped from 22.79 mmol/L to 14.06 mmol/L. In summary, mulberry leaf fu tea can lower sugar absorption in diabetic rats, reduce the body's oxidative stress and inflammatory response, regulate intestinal flora, and reduce blood sugar levels in GK rats. It is hinted that mulberry leaf fu tea could be used as a functional drink to help prevent the occurrence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongzhe Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ronggang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kuofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Tran HQ, Shahriar SS, Yan Z, Xie J. Recent Advances in Functional Wound Dressings. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:399-427. [PMID: 36301918 PMCID: PMC10125407 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2022.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Nowadays, the wound dressing is no longer limited to its primary wound protection ability. Hydrogel, sponge-like material, three dimensional-printed mesh, and nanofiber-based dressings with incorporation of functional components, such as nanomaterials, growth factors, enzymes, antimicrobial agents, and electronics, are able to not only prevent/treat infection but also accelerate the wound healing and monitor the wound-healing status. Recent Advances: The advances in nanotechnologies and materials science have paved the way to incorporate various functional components into the dressings, which can facilitate wound healing and monitor different biological parameters in the wound area. In this review, we mainly focus on the discussion of recently developed functional wound dressings. Critical Issues: Understanding the structure and composition of wound dressings is important to correlate their functions with the outcome of wound management. Future Directions: "All-in-one" dressings that integrate multiple functions (e.g., monitoring, antimicrobial, pain relief, immune modulation, and regeneration) could be effective for wound repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Quang Tran
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - S.M. Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Mansour RN, Hasanzadeh E, Abasi M, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Mellati A, Enderami SE. The Effect of Fetal Bovine Acellular Dermal Matrix Seeded with Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Healing Full-Thickness Skin Wounds. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040909. [PMID: 37107668 PMCID: PMC10138153 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of full-thickness skin wounds is a problem in the clinical setting, as they do not heal spontaneously. Extensive pain at the donor site and a lack of skin grafts limit autogenic and allogeneic skin graft availability. We evaluated fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix (FADM) in combination with human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) to heal full-thickness skin wounds. FADM was prepared from a 6-month-old trauma-aborted fetus. WJ-MSCs were derived from a human umbilical cord and seeded on the FADM. Rat models of full-thickness wounds were created and divided into three groups: control (no treatment), FADM, and FADM-WJMSCs groups. Wound treatment was evaluated microscopically and histologically on days 7, 14, and 21 post-surgery. The prepared FADM was porous and decellularized with a normal range of residual DNA. WJ-MSCs were seeded and proliferated on FADM effectively. The highest wound closure rate was observed in the FADM-WJMSC group on days 7 and 14 post-surgery. Furthermore, this group had fewer inflammatory cells than other groups. Finally, in this study, we observed that, without using the differential cell culture media of fibroblasts, the xenogeneic hWJSCs in combination with FADM could promote an increased rate of full-thickness skin wound closure with less inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Nassiri Mansour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Abasi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Amir Mellati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
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Mansour RN, Karimizade A, Enderami SE, Abasi M, Talebpour Amiri F, Jafarirad A, Mellati A. The effect of source animal age, decellularization protocol, and sterilization method on bovine acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for wound healing and skin regeneration. Artif Organs 2023; 47:302-316. [PMID: 36161305 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healing the full-thickness skin wounds has remained a challenge. One of the most frequently used grafts for skin regeneration is xenogeneic acellular dermal matrices (ADMs), including bovine ADMs. This study investigated the effect of the source animal age, enzymatic versus non-enzymatic decellularization protocols, and gamma irradiation versus ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization on the scaffold. METHODS ADMs were prepared using the dermises of fetal bovine or calf skins. All groups were decellularized through chemical and mechanical methods, unless T-FADM samples, in which an enzymatic step was added to the decellularization protocol. All groups were sterilized with ethylene oxide (EO), except G-FADM which was sterilized using gamma irradiation. The scaffolds were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test, MTT assay, DNA quantification, and real-time PCR. The performance of the ADMs in wound treatment was also evaluated macroscopically and histologically. RESULTS All ADMs were effectively decellularized. In comparison to FADM (EO-sterilized fetal ADM), morphological, and mechanical properties of G-FADM, T-FADM, and CADM (EOsterilized calf ADM) were changed to different extents. In addition, the CADM and G-FADM were thermally more stable than the FADM and T-FADM. Although all ADMs were noncytotoxic, the wounds of the FADM, T-FADM, and G-FADM groups were contracted to almost 30.0% of the original area on day 7, significantly faster than the CADM (17.5% ± 1.7) and control (12.2% ± 1.59) groups. However, by day 21, all ADMs were mostly closed except for the untreated group (60.1 ± 1.8). CONCLUSION Altogether, fetal source and EO-sterilized samples performed better than calf source and gamma-sterilized samples unless in some mechanical properties. There was no added value in using enzymatic treatment during the decellularization process. Our results suggest that the age, decellularization, and sterilization methods of animal source should be selected based on the clinical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Nassiri Mansour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayoob Karimizade
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Abasi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Jafarirad
- Department of Surgery, Zare Psychiatry and Burn Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Mellati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Yu P, Hong N, Chen M, Zou X. Novel application of absorbable gelatine sponge combined with polyurethane film for dermal reconstruction of wounds with bone or tendon exposure. Int Wound J 2022; 20:18-27. [PMID: 35510525 PMCID: PMC9797930 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma, burns, and diabetes result in nonhealing wounds that can cause bone or tendon exposure, a significant health threat. The use of an artificial regeneration template combined with skin grafting as an alternative method to highly invasive flap surgery has been shown to be an effective way to cover full-thickness skin defects with bone or tendon exposure for both functional and aesthetic recovery. However, artificial regeneration templates, such as Pelnac, are overwhelmingly expensive, limiting their clinical use. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that polyurethane film combined with absorbable gelatine sponge, affordable materials widely used for haemostasis, are effective for dermal reconstruction in wounds with bone or tendon exposure. The absorbable gelatine sponge combined with polyurethane film was applied to eight patients, all resulting in adequate granulation that fully covered the exposed bone or tendon. The outcome of absorbable gelatine sponge combined with polyurethane film application indicates that this approach is a potential novel and cost-effective dermal reconstruction strategy for the treatment of severe wounds with bone or tendon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nan Hong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjingChina,Department of Dermatology, South China Hospital, Health Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xianbiao Zou
- Department of Dermatology, South China Hospital, Health Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
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Sun P, Yan S, Zhang L, Zhang C, Wu H, Wei S, Xie B, Wang X, Bai H. Egg Shell Membrane as an Alternative Vascular Patch for Arterial Angioplasty. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:843590. [PMID: 35372291 PMCID: PMC8971674 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.843590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The egg shell membrane (ESM) is always considered as waste, but recent studies have shown that it has the potential to yield rapid re-endothelialization in vitro. We hypothesized that ESM and heparin-conjugated ESM (HESM) can be used as arterial patch in a rat aortic angioplasty model.Method: Sprague-Dawley rat (200 g) abdominal aortic patch angioplasty model was used. Decellularized rat thoracic aorta (TA) patch was used as the control; ESM patch was made of raw chicken egg; heparin-coated ESM (HESM) patch was made by using dopamine; anticoagulation properties were verified using platelet adhesion tests; the TA, ESM, and HESM patches were implanted to the rat aorta and harvested at day 14; and the samples were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Result: The ESM patch showed a similar healing process to the TA patch; the cells could migrate and infiltrate into both patches; there was a neointima with von Willebrand factor-positive endothelial cells; the endothelial cells acquired arterial identity with Ephrin-B2- and dll-4-positive cells; there were proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells, and PCNA and alpha smooth muscle actin dual-positive cells in the neointima in both groups. Heparin was conjugated to the patch successfully and showed a strong anticoagulation property in vitro. HESM could decrease mural thrombus formation after rat aortic patch angioplasty.Conclusion: The ESM is a natural scaffold that can be used as a vascular patch; it showed a similar healing process to decellularized TA patch; HESM showed anticoagulation property both in vitro and in vivo; and the ESM may be a promising vascular graft in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujie Yan
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Micro Molding Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Mechanics Science and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoliang Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunbo Wei
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boao Xie
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Micro Molding Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Mechanics Science and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Wang, ; Hualong Bai,
| | - Hualong Bai
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Wang, ; Hualong Bai,
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Da LC, Huang YZ, Xie HQ, Zheng BH, Huang YC, Du SR. Membranous Extracellular Matrix-Based Scaffolds for Skin Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1796. [PMID: 34834211 PMCID: PMC8620109 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds are one of the most promising biomaterials for skin wound healing, some of which, such as acellular dermal matrix, small intestinal submucosa, and amniotic membrane, have been clinically applied to treat chronic wounds with acceptable outcomes. Nevertheless, the wide clinical applications are always hindered by the poor mechanical properties, the uncontrollable degradation, and other factors after implantation. To highlight the feasible strategies to overcome the limitations, in this review, we first outline the current clinical use of traditional membranous ECM scaffolds for skin wound healing and briefly introduce the possible repair mechanisms; then, we discuss their potential limitations and further summarize recent advances in the scaffold modification and fabrication technologies that have been applied to engineer new ECM-based membranes. With the development of scaffold modification approaches, nanotechnology and material manufacturing techniques, various types of advanced ECM-based membranes have been reported in the literature. Importantly, they possess much better properties for skin wound healing, and would become promising candidates for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Cui Da
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.-C.D.); (B.-H.Z.)
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Bei-Hong Zheng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.-C.D.); (B.-H.Z.)
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China;
| | - Sheng-Rong Du
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.-C.D.); (B.-H.Z.)
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