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Gabay G. The protective role of sense of coherence in resident physicians facing secondary trauma due to patient death in intensive care-A qualitative inquiry. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38696822 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2348058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The salutogenic paradigm is increasingly used in research and practice but remains to be investigated in secondary trauma of health professionals. This qualitative study explored the main anchor of salutogenics, the sense-of-coherence, as a coping mechanism among resident physicians facing secondary trauma due to continuous exposure to patient suffering and deaths. Participants were sixteen resident physicians from intensive care units at emergency departments of two Israeli public tertiary hospitals. Data analysis employed reflexive thematic analysis. Findings suggest that while all residents described having comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness differed among residents. Some residents thrived, coped well with secondary trauma, centered on patient emotional needs, and drew meaningfulness from the challenges. Other residents suffered while providing care, reported poor well-being, were too overwhelmed to center patients, and doubted their career choices. Salutogenic-based interventions to cultivate the resilience of resident physicians experiencing secondary trauma are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie Gabay
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Achva Academic College, Shikmim, Israel
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2
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Jeserich F, Klein C, Brinkhaus B, Teut M. Sense of coherence and religion/spirituality: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on a methodical classification of instruments measuring religion/spirituality. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289203. [PMID: 37535597 PMCID: PMC10399782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coherence hypothesis assumes that sense of coherence (SOC) explains the positive link between religion/spirituality (R/S) and mental health. The aim of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the evidence for the association between SOC (sensu Antonovsky) and different aspects of R/S and thus to contribute to the verification of the coherence hypothesis. Eighty-nine English- and German-language primarily cross-sectional studies with 67,913 participants met the inclusion criteria. The R/S scales of all included studies were subjected to item-by-item qualitative content analysis in order to determine whether scales do actually measure religion or spirituality and which R/S aspects dominated the instrument. Based on this classification, overall and subgroup meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model. The adjusted effect size between SOC and all positive R/S measures was r+ = .120, 95% CI [.092, .149]. Particularly significant (r+ < -.180 or > .180) were correlations with negative R/S scales (r+ = -.405, 95% CI [-.476, -.333]), R/S instruments measuring primarily positive emotions (r+ = .212, 95% CI [.170, .253]) or meaning-making (r+ = .196, 95% CI [.126, .265]). Both sample characteristics (age, culture, gender, health status, religious affiliation) and study characteristics (e.g., publication year) had a moderating effect on the R/S-SOC connection. The correlation was particularly high in studies from Southern Asia (r+ = .226, 95% CI [.156, .297]), the African Islamic cultural value zone (r+ = .196, 95% CI [.106, .285]), and in a small subgroup of Iranian studies (r+ = .194, 95% CI [.117, .271]). The results confirm that R/S and SOC are clearly associated and suggest that there are different religious/spiritual pathways to a strong SOC. The strength of the associations presumably depends not only on individual differences, but also on cultural embeddedness and social plausibility of R/S. Trial registration. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021240380. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID = CRD42021240380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jeserich
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
- Contilia Academy, Contilia GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Constantin Klein
- Department of Practical Theology, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benno Brinkhaus
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Teut
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
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Naert MN, Pruitt C, Sarosi A, Berkin J, Stone J, Weintraub AS. A cross-sectional analysis of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in maternal-fetal medicine physicians in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100989. [PMID: 37127208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compassion fatigue is secondary traumatic distress experienced by providers from ongoing contact with patients who are suffering. Compassion satisfaction is emotional fulfillment from caring for others. Burnout is distress related to dissonance between job demands and available resources. Although burnout is well-studied, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue are neglected components of physician well-being. Because of recurrent exposure to adverse outcomes, maternal-fetal medicine providers may be at particular risk for compassion fatigue. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to better characterize both clinical and nonclinical drivers of work-related distress vs satisfaction. STUDY DESIGN The modified Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction Self-Test and a questionnaire of professional and personal characteristics were distributed electronically to maternal-fetal medicine providers nationally. Multivariable regression models were constructed for compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction as a function of potential predictors. RESULTS The survey response rate was 24% (n=366), primarily consisting of White physicians working in academic medical centers. Significant predictors of lower burnout scores included employment at 1 institution for >20 years, discussing work-related distress with friends, and having one's most recent involvement in decision-making for a periviable fetus >6 months ago; distress because of coworkers and personal factors predicted higher scores. Female sex, self-report of significant emotional depletion, use of mental health services, and having other maternal-fetal medicine physicians as part of the care team for a fetus with severe anomalies were significant predictors of higher compassion fatigue scores, whereas White race and having social work as part of the care team for a maternal mortality predicted lower scores. Personal spiritual practice was a significant predictor of higher compassion satisfaction score, whereas employment at current institution for <5 years predicted lower scores. CONCLUSION Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout are associated with several modifiable risk factors, such as practice type, having a multidisciplinary team, and emotional support outside of the workplace; these are potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie N Naert
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Drs Naert, Berkin, and Stone); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Dr Naert).
| | - Cassandra Pruitt
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Drs Pruitt, Sarosi, and Weintraub); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Dr Pruitt)
| | - Alex Sarosi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Drs Pruitt, Sarosi, and Weintraub); Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Dr Sarosi)
| | - Jill Berkin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Drs Naert, Berkin, and Stone)
| | - Joanne Stone
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Drs Naert, Berkin, and Stone)
| | - Andrea S Weintraub
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY (Drs Pruitt, Sarosi, and Weintraub)
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G. Mhatre S, K. Mehta N. A review of workplace spirituality: identifying present development and future research agenda. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/mrr-11-2021-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify the present development of workplace spirituality (WPS) by synthesizing the findings from the WPS literature, identifying gaps and proposing a research agenda.
Design/methodology/approach
This study reviews 72 articles on WPS published in scholarly journals to review their findings on how it has developed over time.
Findings
This review reveals a dearth of qualitative studies like the phenomenological approach, ethnographic research, mixed methodology and experimental research. Besides, the findings reveal various dimensions of spirituality in regard to the workplace. The synthesis reveals a paucity of research to examine WPS at the level of mesospiritual. The findings reveal the scope for cross-cultural studies in WPS that could support and advance inclusion and diversity in the organization. Also, there is scope to examine the relationship of WPS with mental and behavioral health, mindset, innovative behavior, sustainable behavior and trust. Further, the findings reveal the scope of studying the darker side of spirituality in the workplace.
Research limitations/implications
This study offers significant implications to researchers, management and human resource management (HRM) practitioners by providing a holistic understanding of WPS. The literature review findings are limited to the analysis performed on seventy-two papers from Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar databases.
Practical implications
This study provides suggestions and future research directions for researchers, HRM and management practitioners for the inclusion of spirituality. The review findings suggest the implications for management and HRM practitioners by understanding the research done in cognitive science and neuroscience related to spirituality to humanize the workplace. HRM practitioners can draw on the insights offered in this analysis to develop learning and development interventions in support of WPS, e.g. training programs for cultivating mindset through spiritual mentoring.
Originality/value
The study provides WPS development over time. It also provides a comprehensive outlook on WPS that highlights its positive and negative sides. The study contributes to the literature by categorizing the literature and proposing a research agenda to guide future WPS research.
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Rohmi F, Yusuf A, Fitriasari R, Agustinus H. What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231214935. [PMID: 38046565 PMCID: PMC10693209 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231214935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Caring for people with schizophrenia has consequences, one of which is stressors during care. Families as caregivers often using coping strategies that involve relationships with self, others, or the transcendent/God or nature and also may include religious/spiritual practices. Objectives This literature review aims to identify the benefit of using spiritual coping as used by a family schizophrenia caregiver. The variable is spiritual coping. Methods This literature review method used PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews. Search was conducted in March 2017, updated in August 2022 and submitted in April 2023 for the publication process, limited to English by using electronic databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Sage, ProQuest, and PubMed. Results Fifteen studies were included in this review. Two synthesized findings emerged: spiritual coping strategies used by family caregivers give positive effects for family. Conclusion When the stress or crisis phase is experienced while caring for people with schizophrenia, the family who acts as a caregiver reveals the meaning of life they have and that they feel hopelessness and helplessness. In an effort to overcome the family's burden as caregivers, they often use spiritual coping, which is important to increase the caregiver's wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizatur Rohmi
- Faculty Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty Nursing, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Kepanjen, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ah Yusuf
- Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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OUP accepted manuscript. Health Promot Int 2022:6586599. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Almén N. A Cognitive Behavioral Model Proposing That Clinical Burnout May Maintain Itself. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073446. [PMID: 33810358 PMCID: PMC8037062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is common in many countries and is associated with several other problems such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, and memory deficits, and prospectively it predicts long-term sick-leave, cardiovascular disease, and death. Clinical burnout or its residual symptoms often last several years and a common assumption is that recovery takes a long time by nature, despite full time sick-leave and the absence of work stress. The literature suggests models that hypothetically explain the development, but not maintenance, of the syndrome. Based on cognitive and behavioral principles, stress research, and stress theories, this paper describes a theoretical model explaining how clinical burnout can develop and be maintained. While the development of clinical burnout is mainly explained by prolonged stress reactions and disturbed recovery processes due to work related stressors, maintenance of the syndrome is particularly explained by prolonged stress reactions and disturbed recovery processes due to the new context of experiencing burnout and being on sick-leave. Worry about acquired memory deficits, passivity and excessive sleep, shame, fear of stress reactions, and the perception of not being safe are examples of responses that can contribute to the maintenance. The model has important implications for research and how to intervene in clinical burnout. For example, it can offer support to professional care providers and patients in terms of focusing on, identifying, and changing current contextual factors and behaviors that maintain the individual’s clinical burnout symptoms and by that facilitate burnout recovery. Regarding research, the model provides a highly important reason for researchers to study contextual factors and behaviors that contribute to the maintenance of clinical burnout, which has been neglected in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Almén
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, 831 25 Östersund, Sweden
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Harry N. Call centre agents’ emotional intelligence as predicators of their exhaustion and professional efficacy: The moderating effect of meaningfulness. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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