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Hashim M, Iqbal N, Halligan S, Alimoradi Z, Pfaltz M, Farooqi SR, Khan I, Galán CA, Vostanis P. Association of Childhood Sexual Abuse with Adolescent's Psychopathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241281365. [PMID: 39323210 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241281365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) poses a significant risk to mental health, especially among adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between CSA and adolescent psychopathology. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, we conducted an extensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Embase, and ProQuest, resulting in 27,207 observational studies. From this pool, 87 studies (n: 189,393) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 78 studies were included in meta-analysis, discussing CSA and adolescent's psychopathology Random effect model with Cohen's d values were used to analyze data. To assess publication bias, funnel plots, Egger's regression test, and the fill and trim method were employed, with no significant bias found. The results indicated a positive correlation between CSA and adolescent psychopathology, for example, depression, anxiety, PTSD, suicidal ideation, nonsuicidal self-injury, anger, substance use, and sexrelated behaviors (Pooled association: 0.13-0.25, 95% CI [0.04, 0.28]). Subgroup analysis showed the strongest association in clinical samples. Furthermore, the moderator analysis suggested minimal influence of study-level variables, as well as men showing higher levels of anger and suicidal ideation. The positive correlation between CSA and psychopathological outcomes highlights the detrimental effects of CSA on adolescents' mental health. To mitigate these effects, increased awareness, prevention efforts, and targeted interventions are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irum Khan
- Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Lafortune D, Dubé S, Lapointe V, Bonneau J, Champoux C, Sigouin N. Virtual Reality Could Help Assess Sexual Aversion Disorder. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:588-602. [PMID: 37556729 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2241860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) may improve our understanding of sexual dysfunctions' manifestations, although research in this area remains limited. This study assessed the potential use of a VR Behavior Avoidance Test (VR-BAT) as a tool for examining the clinical features of Sexual Aversion Disorder (SAD): the experience of fear, disgust, and avoidance when facing sexual cues/contexts. A sample of 55 adults (≥ 18y) with (n = 27) and without SAD (n = 28) completed a self-report measure of sexual avoidance. Their anxiety, disgust, electrodermal activity, heart rate, and visual and behavioral avoidance were then examined during two VR-BATs involving sexual or non-sexual stimuli. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs, t-tests, and correlational analyses were performed. Results showed that individuals in the SAD group reported greater anxiety and disgust compared to their non-SAD counterparts during the sexual stimuli condition. Sexual avoidance scores were largely positively related to anxiety and disgust during the VR sexual condition, and moderately negatively related to the time spent touching the virtual character's genitals. This study is important given the prevalence of sexual difficulties, such as SAD, and the new research avenues offered by emerging technologies, like VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lafortune
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - S Dubé
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University
| | - V Lapointe
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - J Bonneau
- School of Media, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - C Champoux
- School of Media, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - N Sigouin
- School of Media, Université du Québec à Montréal
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Lafortune D. Diagnostic applications and benefits of virtual reality for sexual aversion. J Sex Med 2024; 21:84-87. [PMID: 38314626 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lafortune
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455 René-Lévesque E, Montréal, QC H2L 4Y2, Canada
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Lafortune D, Dussault É, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Lapointe VA, Blais M, Godbout N. Is Sexual Aversion a Distinct Disorder or a Trans-Diagnostic Symptom across Sexual Dysfunctions? A Latent Class Analysis. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2023; 50:105-120. [PMID: 37771315 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2023.2261933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Sexual aversion disorder (SAD) is a chronic condition that impacts sexual and psychological well-being. However, the relevance of SAD as a discrete disorder remains highly debated. This study aimed to clarify the status of SAD as either a distinct disorder or a trans-diagnostic symptom shared among sexual dysfunctions. This cross-sectional study used a latent class analysis approach among a Canadian community sample (n = 1,363) to identify how patterns of SAD symptoms (i.e., sexual fear, disgust, and avoidance) emerge across different spheres of sexual functioning (i.e., desire and arousal, erection or lubrication, genito-pelvic pain, and orgasm) and examine sociodemographic and psychosexual correlates of the identified classes. Examination of fit indices suggested four classes: Sexually functional, Impaired desire and responsiveness, Sexual aversion, and Comorbid sexual dysfunctions. Sexual aversion class members were more likely to be single, had experienced sexual assault in adulthood, and report lower levels of sexual satisfaction and psychological well-being, compared to Sexually functional class members. Results suggest that SAD is a distinct clinical syndrome, while its symptoms may co-occur with other sexual dysfunctions. To ensure that the needs of people with SAD are met with tailored treatment options, future nosography might consider reclassifying SAD as a specific disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lafortune
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Éliane Dussault
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Valerie A Lapointe
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martin Blais
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Natacha Godbout
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Prevalence and Correlates of Sexual Aversion: A Canadian Community-Based Study. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1269-1280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Banks DE, Hahn AM, Goodrum NM, Bernard DL, Adams ZW, McCart MR, Chapman J, Sheidow AJ, de Arellano MA, Danielson CK. Sexual Risk Behavior among Adolescents Seeking Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Exploring Psychosocial & Symptom Correlates. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:181-191. [PMID: 35222783 PMCID: PMC8837759 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents exposed to trauma experience disproportionate rates of HIV/STI. However, integrated treatment for trauma and sexual risk behavior is rare. To inform integrated prevention efforts, the current study describes prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behavior among adolescents seeking treatment for symptoms of posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders. Adolescents aged 13-18 years (N = 135; 88% female) with histories of interpersonal violence exposure completed pre-treatment questionnaires in a randomized controlled trial of an integrated psychotherapy for trauma and substance use symptomology. Adolescents reported high rates of sexual risk behaviors relative to national estimates and general mental health treatment samples. Symptoms of reexperiencing, substance use, and peer deviance were related to sexual risk behavior beyond the influence of other trauma symptoms. Individual and contextual psychosocial factors may be stronger predictors of sexual risk behavior than posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents with trauma symptomology. Integrated interventions targeting traumatic stress, substance use, and sexual risk behavior concurrently may prevent revictimization and HIV/STI incidence among trauma-exposed youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin E. Banks
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, US
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St. Louis, MO US
| | - Austin M. Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, US
| | - Nada M. Goodrum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, US
| | - Donte L. Bernard
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, US
| | - Zachary W. Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN US
| | | | | | | | - Michael A. de Arellano
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, US
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, US
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Schuster I, Tomaszewska P, Krahé B. Changing Cognitive Risk Factors for Sexual Aggression: Risky Sexual Scripts, Low Sexual Self-Esteem, Perception of Pornography, and Acceptance of Sexual Coercion. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1377-NP1400. [PMID: 32506992 PMCID: PMC8793298 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520922341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexual aggression is a problem among college students worldwide, and a growing body of research has identified variables associated with an increased risk of victimization and perpetration. Among these, sexuality-related cognitions, such as sexual scripts, sexual self-esteem, perceived realism of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion, play a major role. The current experimental study aimed to show that these cognitive risk factors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are amenable to change, which is a critical condition for evidence-based intervention efforts. College students in Germany (N = 324) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a treatment group designed to change participants' sexual scripts for consensual sex with regard to the role of alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as risk factors for sexual aggression (EG1), a treatment group designed to promote sexual self-esteem, challenge the perceived realism of pornography, and reduce the acceptance of sexual coercion (EG2), and a non-treatment control group (CG). Baseline (T1), post-experimental (T2), and follow-up (T3) measures were taken across an eight-week period. Sexual scripts contained fewer risk factors for sexual aggression in EG1 than in EG2 and CG at T3. Sexual self-esteem was enhanced in EG2 at T2 relative to the other two groups. Acceptance of sexual coercion was lower in EG2 than in EG1 and CG at T2 and T3. No effect was found for perceived realism of pornography. The findings are discussed in terms of targeting cognitive risk factors as a basis for intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Schuster
- University of Potsdam, Germany
- Free University of Berlin, Germany
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Högbeck I, Möller A. Female sexual function six months after sexual assault: post-traumatic stress disorder strongest risk factor for impaired function. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 48:112-120. [PMID: 34338163 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1958964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effect of sexual assault on sexual function in adult women. Participants consisted of 136 women recruited from the Emergency Clinic for Rape Victims in Stockholm. Seventy-three women returned for follow-up six months after the assault and completed the Female Sexual Function Index, assessing their current sexual function compared to that before the assault. A majority (44/73) reported impaired function, which was associated with a simultaneous diagnosis of PTSD (OR 5.7; 95% CI 1.7-19.1, p = .005) or moderate-severe depressive symptoms (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.6-13.7, p = .006). 27% of women reported improved function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Högbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Möller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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Testa M, Livingston JA, Wang W, Lewis MA. Preventing College Sexual Victimization by Reducing Hookups: a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Personalized Normative Feedback Intervention. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:388-397. [PMID: 32060880 PMCID: PMC7058500 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sexual activity, including hooking up, increases college women's vulnerability to sexual victimization. Reducing hookups may reduce rates of sexual victimization among this vulnerable population. Because college students overestimate how frequently their peers hook up, correcting their misperceptions may lead to more accurate perceived social norms, and consequently, less hookup behavior. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of a brief, computer-administered personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention regarding hookups during the first semester of college. We tested an indirect effects model in which PNF was hypothesized to predict perceiving fewer peer hookups, which were expected to predict fewer actual hookups and consequently, less sexual victimization during the first semester of college. Entering first-year women (N = 760) were randomly assigned to receive web-delivered PNF or no information. At the end of the semester, perceived number of hookups of others, number of hookups during the semester, and sexual victimization experiences were assessed. Women who received the intervention perceived that their peers engaged in significantly fewer hookups than did control women. Consistent with the proposed indirect effects model, intervention had a significant indirect effect on the odds of first-semester victimization via lower perceived descriptive norms, which in turn predicted fewer hookups. The study provides proof of concept for the importance of hookups as a risk factor for sexual victimization and provides novel, preliminary support for intervention to change descriptive norms as a way of reducing hookups and consequently, sexual vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.
| | | | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
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