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Duffy A, Connolly M, Browne F. Unravelling elder abuse through a human rights lens: a case study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2024; 33:772-777. [PMID: 39250445 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2024.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
This article examines the connection between human rights and elder abuse, employing a human rights-based approach. Through a critical examination of a fictional case study on elder abuse, the discussion highlights the vital role of nurses when safeguarding the rights of older individuals in residential care settings. The PANEL framework - encompassing Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination, Empowerment and Legality - is a comprehensive guide for safeguarding practice and is applied to the example provided. By applying this human rights-based approach, nurses can proactively address elder abuse, ensuring individuals' rights are protected, promoted and supported. Through accountability measures, non-discriminatory practices, empowerment strategies and adherence to legal standards, the authors advocate for a holistic approach to enhance the quality of care and foster a safe environment for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Duffy
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Sciences, University College Dublin, and Nurse Tutor, Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Ireland
| | - Michael Connolly
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Sciences, University College Dublin, and Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Ireland, X (Twitter) @connollympm
| | - Freda Browne
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Sciences, University College Dublin, X(Twitter) @Fredabrowne4
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Yan E, To L, Wan D, Lai DWL, Leung E, Lou VWQ, Fong DYT, Cheng ST, Chaudhury H, Pillemer K, Lachs M. Resident Aggression and Staff Burnout in Nursing Homes in Hong Kong. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241272027. [PMID: 39116274 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241272027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of exposure to resident aggression, self-efficacy, neuroticism, and attitudes toward dementia on burnout among direct care workers (DCWs) in nursing homes. A convenience sample of 800 DCWs from 70 randomly selected nursing homes in Hong Kong were recruited and individually interviewed. DCWs reported past-month experiences of resident aggression, levels of burnout, self-efficacy, neuroticism, attitudes toward dementia, and other personal and facility characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that, while physical environment of the facilities, and demographic background and self-efficacy of DCWs were not significant contributing factors, DCWs' exposure to resident aggression, insufficient experience and training in dementia care, negative attitudes toward dementia, and neurotic personality were associated with higher levels of staff burnout. Findings point to the importance of mitigating resident aggression and adequately screen and train staff to optimize their empathy and competence in minimizing the risk of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Yan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Louis To
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Debby Wan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | | | - Edward Leung
- Hong Kong Association of Gerontology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Vallone F, Zurlo MC. Stress, interpersonal and inter-role conflicts, and psychological health conditions among nurses: vicious and virtuous circles within and beyond the wards. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:197. [PMID: 38600606 PMCID: PMC11007966 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing costs of nurses' occupational-stress, conflicts, and violence within healthcare services have raised international interest. Yet, research/interventions should consider that perceived stress and conflicts- but also potential resources- within the wards can crossover the healthcare settings, impacting nurses' private lives and viceversa, potentially creating vicious circles exacerbating stress, conflicts/violence or, conversely, virtuous circles of psychological/relational wellbeing. Based on the Demands-Resources-and-Individual-Effects (DRIVE) Nurses Model, and responding to the need to go in-depth into this complex dynamic, this study aims to explore potential vicious circles featured by the negative effects of the interplay (main/mediating effects) between perceived stressors in nursing linked to interpersonal conflicts (Conflicts-with-Physicians, Peers, Supervisors, Patients/their families), work-family inter-role conflicts (Work-Family/Family-Work-Conflicts), and work-related stress (Effort-Reward-Imbalance) on nurses' psychological/relational health (Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, Interpersonal-Sensitivity, Hostility). The potential moderating role of work-resources (Job-Control, Social-Support, Job-Satisfaction) in breaking vicious circles/promoting virtuous circles was also explored. METHOD The STROBE Checklist was used to report this cross-sectional multi-centre study. Overall, 265 nurses completed self-report questionnaires. Main/mediating/moderating hypotheses were tested by using Correlational-Analyses and Hayes-PROCESS-tool. RESULTS Data confirmed the hypothesized detrimental vicious circles (main/mediating effects), impairing nurses' psychological health conditions at individual level (Anxiety, Depression, Somatization), but also at relational level (Hostility and Interpersonal-Sensitivity). The moderating role of all work resources was fully supported. CONCLUSION Findings could be used to implement interventions/practices to effectively prevent the maintenance/exacerbation of vicious circles and promote psychological/relational wellbeing in healthcare settings and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vallone
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Via Rodinò 22, Naples, Italy.
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Tariq J, Zakar R, Ali MV, Zakar MZ, Sajjad A, Fischer F. Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20). BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:349. [PMID: 37277717 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published research on senior care facilities in Pakistan is scarce and no large-scale study has been conducted to assess factors affecting well-being of older adults in these facilities. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services along with socio-demographic characteristics on physical, psychological, and social well-being of older residents living in senior care facilities of Punjab, Pakistan. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data from 270 older residents living in 18 senior care facilities across 11 districts of Punjab, Pakistan from November 2019 to February 2020 using multistage random sampling. Existing reliable and valid scales were used to collect information from older adults related to relocation autonomy (Perceived Control Measure Scale), loneliness (de Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale), satisfaction with service quality (Service Quality Scale), physical and psychological well-being (General Well-Being Scale), and social well-being (Duke Social Support Index). A psychometric analysis of these scales was carried out followed by three separate multiple regression analyses to predict physical, psychological, and social well-being from socio-demographic variables and key independent variables (relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with service quality). RESULTS The results of multiple regression analyses showed that the models predicting physical (R2 = 0.579), psychological (R2 = 0.654), and social well-being (R2 = 0.615) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Number of visitors was a significant predictor of physical (b = 0.82, p = 0.01), psychological (b = 0.80, p < 0.001), and social (b = 2.40, p < 0.001) well-being. Loneliness significantly predicted physical (b = -0.14, p = 0.005), psychological (b = -0.19, p < 0.001), and social (b = -0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Control over relocation process significantly predicted physical (b = 0.56, p < 0.001) and psychological (b = 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Satisfaction with services significantly predicted physical (b = 0.07, p < 0.001) and social (b = 0.08, p < 0.001) well-being. CONCLUSION Pragmatic, equitable and cost-effective interventions are needed to improve the wellbeing of older residents living in senior care facilities. Friendly behavior of mobilizing staff and adjusted residents to facilitate new residents, therapeutic interventions such as relocation support programs, reminiscence therapy and intergenerational support, and increasing their exposure and connection to the outside world, can raise their physical, psychological, and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Tariq
- Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Vaqas Ali
- Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Amal Sajjad
- University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Bavarian Research Center for Digital Health and Social Care, Kempten University of Applied Sciences, Kempten, Germany.
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Beaussant Y, Nigam K. Expending Perspectives on the Potential for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies to Improve the Experience of Aging. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:54-57. [PMID: 36307304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Beaussant
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (YB), Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School (YB, KN), Boston, MA.
| | - Kabir Nigam
- Harvard Medical School (YB, KN), Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital (KN), Boston, MA
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Brimelow R, Beattie E, Byrne G, Dissanayaka N. Frequency of changed behaviours in residential aged care and common mitigation strategies - A retrospective review of behavioural report logs. J Clin Nurs 2022. [PMID: 36168200 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changed behaviours in residential aged care facilities (RACF) are frequently reported in the literature. How RACF staff routinely respond to these observed changed behaviours represents a significant gap. OBJECTIVE To analyse the frequency of changed behaviour reported within RACF behavioural report logs and to ascertain how staff typically manage these behaviours. METHODS Residents (N = 25) with varying levels of cognitive function were recruited from a 160 bed RACF in Queensland, Australia. A retrospective analysis of behavioural report logs was conducted to elucidate prevalence of reported changed behaviours as categorised by RACF staff. Thematic analysis of staff recorded behavioural mitigation strategies was used to categorise staff actions. A case analysis was also conducted to highlight the challenges faced by RACF staff managing persistent acute changed behaviours using identified common mitigation strategies. The STROBE guidelines were followed for reporting. RESULTS There were 395 behaviours recorded in a two-month period. Physical agitation, interfering while wandering, trying to get to inappropriate places, verbal refusal of care, physical aggression, and verbal disruption were most frequently reported by staff. Management strategies included redirection, PRN psychotropic medication, reassurance, routine care practices, offering of beverages, repositioning, and rarely analgesia. A 24-h case analysis highlighted how staff utilised redirection and multiple doses of a PRN benzodiazepine with limited effectiveness. CONCLUSION This study reveals current mitigation strategies employed by RACF staff in response to acute changed behaviours often associated with dementia. Agitation and wandering are prevalent and are difficult for staff to manage effectively. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study highlights that careful consideration should be taken to avoid overuse of PRN benzodiazepines in management of changed behaviours. Short-term mitigation strategies, such as redirection, may not be effective if underlying causes such as pain, physiological, mental, emotional, or social needs are not met. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION A RACF participated in project design and review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brimelow
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Beattie
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerard Byrne
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Royal Brisbane Clinical Unit, Royal Brisbane & Woman's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadeeka Dissanayaka
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Yang G, Wei H, Wan L, Dong H, Liang X, He Y. Curvilinear relationship between burnout and work engagement among staff in community services for the elderly: A correlation study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:939649. [PMID: 35937238 PMCID: PMC9354742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.939649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether there is a curvilinear relationship between burnout and work engagement among staff in Chinese community services for the elderly. Methods A stratified whole-group random sampling method was used to survey 244 staff members from eight communities in two cities. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale- 9 (UWES- 9). The curve estimation method explored the functional model of burnout and work engagement scales. Results Two hundred forty-four staff members completed the survey. Burnout, depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA) were found to be related to work engagement in a cubic function (R2 = 0.166, P < 0.05), (R2 = 0.061, P < 0.05), and (R2 = 0.2230, P < 0.05), respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between emotional exhaustion (EE) and work engagement (P > 0.05). “Personal Accomplishment” is related to work engagement in a U-shaped curve. Conclusions There was a cubic function relationship between burnout and work engagement, where “personal accomplishment” was related to work engagement in a U-shaped curve. Therefore, the government and related service organizations should understand the impact of different levels of burnout on work engagement and take targeted measures to alleviate burnout and improve work engagement by targeting emotions and stroke.
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Hirt J, Adlbrecht L, Heinrich S, Zeller A. Staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:563. [PMID: 35794542 PMCID: PMC9261065 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse in long-term care is an important public health concern with social, health-related, and economic implications. Staff-to-resident abuse is of particular interest since institutions should protect residents' rights and prevent harm. To provide an up-to date comprehensive overview of staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes, we performed a scoping review considering types of abuse, their prevalence and associated factors, descriptions, experiences, and preventive interventions. METHODS We performed a scoping review following the framework provided by Arksey and O'Malley. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO via Ovid, and Cochrane Library. Additionally, we performed free web searching using Google Scholar and checked relevant reviews. Two reviewers independently selected studies. We narratively synthesised the results. RESULTS Out of 3876 references retrieved by our search, we included 46 studies in 47 reports. The prevalence rates of abuse varied widely, ranging from 0 to 93% depending on the type of abuse. Associated factors of abuse at the staff, resident, and nursing home level were evaluated inconsistently. Abuse was perceived ambiguous: even though it was considered unacceptable, it was underreported. We found only four studies addressing preventive interventions. Of these, four made recommendations for intervention development. Only one study with an experimental design examined a multi-component intervention including education and mutual support. CONCLUSIONS The review yielded heterogenous evidence not allowing a concrete conclusion on prevalence and associated factors. However, the results show the significance of the problem and indicate that there are associate factors of abuse that can be influenced by appropriate interventions. These are amongst other staff education, organisational culture, and conditions. Further research should investigate the composition and content of preventive interventions and their potential to reduce abusive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hirt
- Center for Dementia Care, Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland
- International Graduate Academy, Medical Faculty, Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Adlbrecht
- Center for Dementia Care, Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Heinrich
- Center for Dementia Care, Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Adelheid Zeller
- Center for Dementia Care, Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland
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López-Frutos P, Pérez-Rojo G, Noriega C, Velasco C, Carretero I, Martínez-Huertas JÁ, Galarraga L, López J. Burnout and Quality of Life in Professionals Working in Nursing Homes: The Moderating Effect of Stereotypes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:772896. [PMID: 35310207 PMCID: PMC8931409 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.772896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyse how stereotypes towards older people moderate the relationship between burnout and quality of life (QoL) of professionals working in nursing homes. Method A total of 312 professionals were asked to complete questionnaires of burnout Maslach Burnout Inventory quality of Life (QPL-35) and aging stereotypes (CENVE). The moderation effects were tested using linear regression models. Results A negative association was observed between burnout and QoL. It was also found a statistically significant moderator effect of the total score of stereotypes and the health stereotypes, besides a marginally statistically significant moderator effect for motivational stereotypes. The moderator effects were different for people with low and high negative stereotypes. QoL was more affected under conditions of high burnout, in which people with more negative stereotypes tended to present higher QoL than people with lower negative stereotypes. Conclusion Highly burned-out professionals in nursing homes may avoid their negative feelings projecting them to residents through stereotypes, as a way of coping with burnout and increasing their QoL. However, this mechanism is an “aggressive reaction” and may have negative effects for both the older adult and the professional. The comprehension of these variables is essential for developing adequate intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López-Frutos
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Patricia López-Frutos,
| | - Gema Pérez-Rojo
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Noriega
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Carretero
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leyre Galarraga
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier López
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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The Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist for Nursing Homes: Validation among Different Spanish Territories. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Memory and behavioral difficulties among older people living in nursing homes can cause burden and other consequences in professional caregivers. There is a lack of instruments that evaluate these behaviors and their influence in formal caregivers. The aim of this study is to develop and psychometrically test—the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist for Nursing Homes (RMBPC-NH). A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was made up of 312 formal caregivers working in nursing homes from different territories in Spain, 87.5% were women and 12.5% were men. The average age of participants was 39 years (SD = 12.2). The sample was recruited from January 2019 to March 2020. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic information, and assessed quality of technical equipment, level of training, experience of working with older people, job satisfaction, professional quality of life, burnout, and conception of negative stereotypes held towards aging. The four-factor structure of the RMBPC-NH showed a good fit, namely in relation to memory, functional, and emotional factors, and other problems. It has shown adequate psychometric properties, internal consistency, and validity (correlations with professional quality of life, job satisfaction, burnout, and negative stereotypes). The RMBPC-NH is a useful instrument to evaluate the frequency of older people’s memory and behavior problems and professional caregivers’ burden. The practical application in nursing homes is discussed.
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Jester DJ, Molinari V, Bowblis JR, Dobbs D, Zgibor JC, Andel R. Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes: The Role of Serious Mental Illness. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2022; 62:1038-1049. [PMID: 35022710 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nursing homes (NH) are serving a large number of residents with serious mental illness (SMI). We analyze the highest ("High-SMI") quartile of NHs based on the proportion of residents with SMI and compare NHs on health deficiencies and the incidence of deficiencies given for resident abuse, neglect, and involuntary seclusion. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used national Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports (CASPER) data for all freestanding certified NHs in the continental United States from 2014 to 2017 (14,698 NHs; 41,717 recertification inspections; 246,528 deficiencies). Differences in the number of deficiencies, a weighted deficiency score, the deficiency grade, and the facility characteristics associated with deficiencies for abuse, neglect, and involuntary seclusion were examined in High-SMI. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and odds ratios (OR) were reported with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS High-SMI NHs did not receive more deficiencies or a greater weighted deficiency score per recertification inspection. Deficiencies given to High-SMI NHs were associated with a wider scope, especially Pattern (IRR:1.03;[1.00, 1.07]) and Widespread (IRR:1.07;[1.02, 1.11]). High-SMI NHs were more likely to be cited for resident abuse and neglect (OR:1.49;[1.23, 1.81]) and the policies to prohibit and monitor for abuse and neglect (OR:1.18;[1.08, 1.30]) in comparison to all other NHs. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Although resident abuse, neglect, and involuntary seclusion are rarely cited, these deficiencies are disproportionately found in High-SMI NHs. Further work is needed to disentangle the antecedents to potential resident abuse and neglect in those with mental healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Jester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Molinari
- Florida Policy Exchange Center of Aging, School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John R Bowblis
- Department of Economics and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Debra Dobbs
- Florida Policy Exchange Center of Aging, School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Janice C Zgibor
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- Florida Policy Exchange Center of Aging, School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Giménez Lozano JM, Martínez Ramón JP, Morales Rodríguez FM. Doctors and Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors in Workplace Violence and Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3280. [PMID: 33810020 PMCID: PMC8004742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims analyze the risk factors that lead to high levels of burnout among nurses and physicians and the protective factors that prevent them. Thus, it is also intended to explore the possible correlation between physical and verbal violence produced at work and the symptoms derived from burnout. Methods: The search was carried out on the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2019 (on which date the bibliographic search ends). Descriptive studies estimating the prevalence of workplace violence and risk and protective factors and burnout were included. An adapted version of the Downs and Black quality checklist was used for article selection. 89.6 percent of the studies analysed were in the health sector. There is a significant correlation between burnout symptoms and physical violence at work. On the one hand, the risk factors that moderate this correlation were of structural/organisational type (social support, quality of the working environment, authoritarian leadership, little autonomy or long working days, etc.) and personal type (age, gender, nationality or academic degree, etc.). On the other hand, protective factors were the quality of the working environment, mutual support networks or coping strategies. The results were analysed in-depth and intervention strategies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Giménez Lozano
- Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Pedro Martínez Ramón
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Manuel Morales Rodríguez
- Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Blekken L, Malmedal W. Factors associated with staff-to-resident abuse in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:244. [PMID: 33740965 PMCID: PMC7977325 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is a public health problem that is gaining attention due to its serious impacts on people's health and well-being, and it is predicted to increase along with the world's rapidly ageing population. Staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon associated with multiple factors on different levels of the ecological model. This study aimed to explore individual, relational, and institutional characteristics associated with perpetrated staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes, using a multilevel hierarchical approach. METHODS This was a cross-sectional exploratory study of 3693 nursing staff (response rate 60.1%) in 100 randomly selected nursing homes in Norway. We explored the characteristics of nursing staff, their relationship with residents, and institutional features associated with three types of abuse: psychological abuse, physical abuse, and neglect. These were modelled using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Individual staff factors found to be associated with all three types of abuse were 1) being a registered nurse/social educator (OR 1.77-2.49) or licensed practical nurse (OR 1.64-1.92), 2) reporting symptoms of psychological distress (OR 1.44-1.46), 3) intention to leave the job (OR 1.35-1.40), and 4) reporting poor attitudes towards people with dementia (OR 1.02-1.15). Also, staff who reported poorer quality of childhood were more likely to perpetrate neglect (OR 1.14). Relational factors such as care-related conflicts (OR 1.97-2.33) and resident aggression (OR 1.36-2.09) were associated with all three types of abuse. Of institutional factors, lack of support from a manager was associated with perpetrating psychological abuse (OR 1.56). CONCLUSIONS We found several predictors of staff-to-resident abuse on different levels of the ecological model, which underlines the importance of using a multifaceted approach to identify risk factors of elder abuse in nursing homes. However, future studies should explore the underlying mechanism and causes with a prospective or qualitative design and target the multifaceted nature of risk factors when designing preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Botngård
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Arne Henning Eide
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lene Blekken
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wenche Malmedal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Shi C, Zhang Y, Li C, Li P, Zhu H. Using the Delphi Method to Identify Risk Factors Contributing to Adverse Events in Residential Aged Care Facilities. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:523-537. [PMID: 32581615 PMCID: PMC7281847 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s243929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with adverse events in residential aged care facilities in China. Patients and Methods After compiling a list of risk factors for adverse events generated from in-depth interviews with managers of residential aged care facilities, a three-round Delphi method was used to reach consensus. The synthesized risk factors were presented on a Likert scale to the expert panelists three times to validate their responses. Results The list identified 67 items as risk factors for adverse events, attached to four first-level indexes (ie, environmental facility, nursing staff, older adults' characteristics, and management factors). The experts' authority coefficient was 0.87. The positive coefficients were 82.76%, 91.67%, and 100%, and the coordination coefficients were 0.154, 0.297, and 0.313 in the first, second, and third rounds, respectively. Conclusion Using a Delphi method, this study established a consensus on risk factors contributing to adverse events and developed a risk assessment grade for use in future aged care practice and research. The resulting list is useful in prioritizing risk-reduction activities and assessing intervention or education strategies for preventing adverse events in residential aged care facilities. Impact This study fills the gap in risk identification in the Chinese residential aged care system to ensure provision of best-practice care to this vulnerable population. Nursing staff and management factors at the top of the list are not only the most common causes of adverse events but also the core elements in creating a secure and error-free environment. This list was intended to support predictive and prevention-oriented decision-making by managers and nursing supervisors to reduce preventable adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Shi
- Nursing Department, XiangNan University, Chenzhou 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Nursing Department, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Nursing Department, XiangNan University, Chenzhou 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Nursing Department, XiangNan University, Chenzhou 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhu
- Nursing Department, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, 410006, People's Republic of China
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