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Schroeder GE, McMillan IF, Jules BN, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J. Bad Break-Up Behavior: Break-Up Characteristics, Emotional Dysregulation, and Alcohol Use as Risk Factors for Cyber Dating Abuse Among Sexual Orientation Diverse College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:3135-3157. [PMID: 38258426 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231225522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cyber dating abuse (CDA) is a growing public health concern among college students. CDA includes monitoring and abusive behaviors perpetrated toward an ex-partner via technology. Little is known about the predictors of CDA, particularly among sexual minority (SM) college students. Some theorized but relatively untested predictors include break-up characteristics, emotional regulation deficits, and alcohol use. The current study investigates what factors are associated with an increased risk for CDA toward an ex-partner (i.e., break-up characteristics, emotional dysregulation, and alcohol use) and the differences in associations with CDA between heterosexual and SM college students. Participants (N = 661) self-reported their CDA perpetration following their worst romantic break-up. They also answered questions about the break-up, their emotional regulation skills, and their current alcohol use. While SM students (n = 191) reported greater emotion regulation difficulties and alcohol use, they did not significantly differ from heterosexual participants (n = 470) in their reported CDA perpetration post-break-up. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to determine the impact of break-up characteristics and individual factors on CDA perpetration. Break-up characteristics, emotional dysregulation, and alcohol use significantly predicted heterosexual participants' CDA perpetration and accounted for 17% of the variance. Conversely, for SM students, only alcohol use was predictive of CDA, accounting for 5% of the variance. Although SM students report similar break-up experiences and levels of CDA as heterosexual students, additional, unmeasured factors may drive perpetration. However, given the generally high rates of alcohol use and CDA, and their robust association, interventions targeting alcohol reduction and healthy relationship dissolution strategies may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Schroeder
- Health Psychology PhD Program, Clinical Concentration, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
| | - Iris F McMillan
- Health Psychology PhD Program, Clinical Concentration, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
| | - Bridget N Jules
- Health Psychology PhD Program, Clinical Concentration, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
| | - Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling
- Health Psychology PhD Program, Clinical Concentration, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
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2
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Smith-Sreen J, Bosire R, Farquhar C, Katz DA, Kimani J, Masyuko S, Mello MJ, Aluisio AR. Leveraging emergency care to reach key populations for 'the last mile' in HIV programming: a waiting opportunity. AIDS 2023; 37:2421-2424. [PMID: 37965739 PMCID: PMC10655840 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Smith-Sreen
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rose Bosire
- Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health
- Department of Epidemiology
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Joshua Kimani
- University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Michael J Mello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adam R Aluisio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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3
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Hawkins MM, Florez-Garcia V, Guevara-Romero E, Santacruz-Salas E, Ruiz A. Social Cognitive Theory-Based Interventions to Address Interpersonal Violence Among Hispanic Youth-A Systematic Review. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 21:228-234. [PMID: 37437132 DOI: 10.1177/15404153231187381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of interpersonal violence among Hispanic youth is high and effective interventions are sparse yet needed to prevent and address interpersonal violence. Theory-based interventions are crucial for creating robust interventions for public health concerns, such as interpersonal violence. Methods: In our systematic literature review, we sought to examine social cognitive theory (SCT)-based Interventions addressing interpersonal violence among Hispanic youth. Searching in both English and Spanish, we used the search engines, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Lilacs, and restricted the years to 2010-2022. Results: Self-efficacy and normative beliefs were the two most commonly addressed SCT constructs in the interventions. SCT-based interventions were found to increase confidence in not engaging in negative behaviors and improve coping skills. Moreover, within the context of implementing SCT-based interventions, school-based interventions and Participatory Action Research, were foundational to the SCT-based interventions. Conclusion: Overall, SCT-based interventions were found to be effective in interpersonal violence mitigation and reduction among Hispanic youths. There was a synergistic effect between the number of SCT constructs incorporated in an intervention and the positive results of the intervention. Thus, future studies are both needed and should robustly incorporate SCT constructs to yield the best possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren M Hawkins
- Public Health Department, Carroll University College of Health Sciences, Waukesha, WI, USA
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Victor Florez-Garcia
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Public Health, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Edwin Guevara-Romero
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Esmeralda Santacruz-Salas
- Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (UCLM), Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), UCLM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ashley Ruiz
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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4
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Smith MS, Newcomb ME. Substance Use and Relationship Functioning Among Young Male Couples. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2097-2110. [PMID: 37351709 PMCID: PMC11250655 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that, for different sex couples, individual levels of substance use are deleterious for relationship quality (e.g., satisfaction, intimate partner aggression), whereas dyadic concordance is usually protective. However, there has been no research on these effects among male couples, even though they show increased risk for substance use and certain indices of relationship distress (e.g., intimate partner aggression) compared to different sex couples. Male partners also display distinct similarity patterns and norms surrounding substance use, suggesting that there might be unique effects of substance use on relationship quality among this population. We conducted actor-partner interdependence models of substance use on relationship quality (intimate partner aggression, satisfaction) among a large sample of male dyads (N = 934 individuals, N = 467 dyads). Results suggested that there are novel actor, partner, and similarity effects that imply unique pathways to relationship well-being for male couples. These results are discussed in light of future clinical and empirical efforts. [NCT03186534 - 6/12/2017; NCT03284541 - 6/23/2017].
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Shea Smith
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Mehfooz M, Amir-Ud-Din R, Zafar S. Does Childhood Experience of Interparental Abuse Shape Women's Attitude Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Their Adult Life? Evidence From 31 Developing Countries. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:5490-5518. [PMID: 36112826 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A significant amount of literature exists on the lasting effects of interparental abuse on children's psychological health as adults. However, evidence on how children's childhood experience of interparental violence shapes their attitude toward partner violence in adult intimate relationships is limited. Given the existing evidence that women's acceptance of partner violence as a social norm increases the risk of partner violence, we analyzed the effect of girls' witnessing interparental abuse (where a father is a perpetrator) on their attitude toward partner violence in their intimate relationships as adults. We used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys for 31 low and middle-income countries in Asia and Africa. Aggregating information about women's attitudes toward partner violence into a binary "intimate partner violence acceptance" variable, we found that a woman who witnessed her father beat her mother was 1.62 times more likely to justify partner violence than a woman who did not experience such interparental abuse (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.62, 95% CI [1.57, 1.66], p < .001). Additionally, using individual components of acceptance as response variables, we found that a woman who witnessed interparental abuse was significantly more likely to justify partner violence if she went out without telling her husband (OR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.45, 1.54], p < .001), neglected children (OR = 1.53, 95% CI [1.49, 1.58], p < .001), argued with the husband (OR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.45, 1.53], p < .001), refused sex with the husband (OR = 1.35, 95% CI [1.31, 1.39], p < .001), or burned food (OR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.31, 1.41], p < .001). This study highlights the need to put in place children-specific social policies to limit the intergenerational transmission of the adverse effects of intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sameen Zafar
- Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
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6
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Sampsel K, Deutscher J, Duchesne E. Intimate Partner Violence and Human Trafficking. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023; 41:101-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Chalmers KD, Parameswaran R, Dussault NE, Farnan JM, Oyola S, Carter K. Patient Advocates' Perspectives on the Care of Sexual Assault Survivors in Chicago-Area Emergency Departments. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:370-387. [PMID: 35978273 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221097140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Emergency departments (EDs) providing care and forensic examinations for sexual assault (SA) survivors are often supported by SA patient advocates. This study explored advocates' perspectives regarding problems and potential solutions in SA patient care through a focus group with 12 advocates. Thematic analysis identified two major themes: provider-patient interactions and ED-hospital systems. Challenging aspects of provider-patient interactions included (a) provider attitudes and (b) disempowering behaviors. Within ED-hospital systems, themes included time constraints, efficiencies, and hospital preparation. Advocates surveyed were optimistic about an increased presence of SA nurse examiners and enhanced protocols and provider training to improve survivors' experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Chalmers
- 12246University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jeanne M Farnan
- 12246University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonia Oyola
- 12246University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keme Carter
- 12246University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Furbacher J, Fockele C, Del Buono B, Janneck L, March C, Molina M, Duber H, Doran K, Lin M, Cooper R, Modi P. 2021 SAEM Consensus Conference Proceedings: Research Priorities for Developing Emergency Department Screening Tools for Social Risks and Needs. West J Emerg Med 2022; 23:817-822. [DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2022.8.57271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Emergency Department (ED) acts as a safety net for our healthcare system. While studies have shown increased prevalence of social risks and needs among ED patients, there are many outstanding questions about the validity and use of social risks and needs screening tools in the ED setting.
Methods: In this paper, we present research gaps and priorities pertaining to social risks and needs screening tools used in the ED, identified through a consensus approach informed by literature review and external expert feedback as part of the 2021 SAEM Consensus Conference -- From Bedside to Policy: Advancing Social Emergency Medicine and Population Health.
Results: Four overarching research gaps were identified: (1) Defining the purpose and ethical implications of ED-based screening; (2) Identifying domains of social risks and needs; (3) Developing and validating screening tools; and (4) Defining the patient population and type of screening performed. Furthermore, the following research questions were determined to be of highest priority: (1) What screening tools should be used to identify social risks and needs? (2) Should individual EDs use a national standard screening tools or customized screening tools? (3) What are the most prevalent social risks and needs in the ED? and (4) Which social risks and needs are most amenable to intervention in the ED setting?
Conclusion: Answering these research questions will facilitate the use of evidence-based social risks and needs screening tools that address knowledge gaps and improve the health of our communities by better understanding the underlying determinants contributing to their presentation and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Furbacher
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Callan Fockele
- University of Washington, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ben Del Buono
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Laura Janneck
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Cooper March
- University of Washington, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melanie Molina
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Herbet Duber
- University of Washington, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kelly Doran
- NYU School of Medicine, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Population Health, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Lin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Richelle Cooper
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Payal Modi
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts
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9
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Clark KD, Lunn MR, Lev EM, Trujillo MA, Lubensky ME, Capriotti MR, Hoffmann TJ, Obedin-Maliver J, Flentje A. State-Level Policy Environments, Discrimination, and Victimization among Sexual and Gender Minority People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9916. [PMID: 36011548 PMCID: PMC9407724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Legislation has been passed in some states to reduce discrimination and victimization toward sexual and gender minority people (SGM; people who are not solely heterosexual and/or whose gender identity is not equal to what is socially associated with sex assigned at birth). The purpose of these analyses is to test whether state-level policy environments are associated with past-year discrimination and victimization among SGM people. Cross-sectional data from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study annual questionnaire (collected 2018−2019), a national study of the health of SGM adults in the USA, were used for these analyses. Measures included related to discrimination, victimization, and demographic characteristics. State-level policy environments were measured using data from the Movement Advancement Project. Logistic regression analyses evaluated state-level policy environment scores and past-year discrimination and victimization among gender identity categories. In this sample, 7044 people (gender minority n = 2530) were included. Cisgender sexual minority (odds ratio [OR] = 1.007, p = 0.041) and the gender expansive subgroup of gender minority people (OR = 1.010, p = 0.047) in states with more protective policy environments had greater odds of discrimination. The gender expansive subgroup was found to have greater odds of victimization in states with more protective policy environments (OR = 1.003, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between state-level policy environments and victimization among any other study groups. SGM people may experience increased risk for discrimination and victimization despite legislative protections, posing continued risks for poor health outcomes and marginalization. Evaluation of factors (e.g., implementation strategies, systems of accountability) that influence the effectiveness of state-level polices on the reported experiences of discrimination and victimization among SGM people is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D. Clark
- Department of Nursing, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Mitchell R. Lunn
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Eliot M. Lev
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael A. Trujillo
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Micah E. Lubensky
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Juno Obedin-Maliver
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Annesa Flentje
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Alliance Health Project, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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10
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Cunradi CB, Caetano R, Ponicki WR, Alter HJ. Interrelationships of Economic Stressors, Mental Health Problems, Substance Use, and Intimate Partner Violence among Hispanic Emergency Department Patients: The Role of Language-Based Acculturation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12230. [PMID: 34831985 PMCID: PMC8623040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the interrelationships of economic stressors, mental health problems, substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of Hispanic emergency department patients and probed if Spanish language preference, which may represent low acculturation and/or immigrant status, had a protective effect, in accordance with the Hispanic health paradox. Study participants (n = 520; 50% female; 71% Spanish speakers) provided cross-sectional survey data. Gender-stratified logistic regression models were estimated for mental health problems (PTSD, anxiety, depression), substance use (risky drinking, cannabis, illicit drug use), and IPV. Results showed that economic stressors were linked with mental health problems among men and women. Among men, PTSD was associated with greater odds of cannabis and illicit drug use. Men who used cannabis and illicit drugs were more likely to report IPV. Male Spanish speakers had lower odds of anxiety and cannabis use than English speakers. Female Spanish speakers had lower odds of substance use and IPV than English speakers. The protective effect of Spanish language preference on some mental health, substance use, and IPV outcomes was more pronounced among women. Future research should identify the mechanisms that underlie the protective effect of Spanish language preference and explore factors that contribute to the observed gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B. Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (R.C.); (W.R.P.)
| | - Raul Caetano
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (R.C.); (W.R.P.)
| | - William R. Ponicki
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (R.C.); (W.R.P.)
| | - Harrison J. Alter
- Andrew Levitt Center for Social Emergency Medicine, Oakland, CA 94602, USA;
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11
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Kruse MI, Voloshin D, Wan M, Clarizio A, Bigham BL, Upadhye S. Care of Sexual and Gender Minorities in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review. Ann Emerg Med 2021; 79:196-212. [PMID: 34785088 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This scoping review was conducted to collate and summarize the published research literature addressing sexual and gender minority care in the emergency department (ED). METHODS Using PRISMA-ScR criteria, an electronic search was conducted of CINAHL, Embase, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science for all studies that were published after 1995 involving sexual and gender minorities, throughout all life stages, presenting to an ED. We excluded non-US and Canadian studies and editorials. Titles and abstracts were screened, and full-text review was performed independently with 4 reviewers. Abstraction focused on study design, demographics, and outcomes, and the resulting data were analyzed using an ad hoc iterative thematic analysis. RESULTS We found 972 unique articles and excluded 743 after title and abstract screening. The remaining 229 articles underwent full-text review, and 160 articles were included. Themes identified were HIV in sexual and gender minorities (n=61), population health (n=46), provider training (n=29), ED avoidance or barriers (n=23), ED use (n=21), and sexual orientation/gender identity information collection (n=9). CONCLUSION The current literature encompassing ED sexual and gender minority care cluster into 6 themes. There are considerable gaps to be addressed in optimizing culturally competent and equitable care in the ED for this population. Future research to address these gaps should include substantial patient stakeholder engagement in all aspects of the research process to ensure patient-focused outcomes congruent with sexual and gender minority values and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Kruse
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel Voloshin
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Wan
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Clarizio
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blair L Bigham
- Division of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Suneel Upadhye
- Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Peitzmeier SM, Malik M, Kattari SK, Marrow E, Stephenson R, Agénor M, Reisner SL. Intimate Partner Violence in Transgender Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence and Correlates. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:e1-e14. [PMID: 32673114 PMCID: PMC7427218 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Transgender individuals experience unique vulnerabilities to intimate partner violence (IPV) and may experience a disproportionate IPV burden compared with cisgender (nontransgender) individuals.Objectives: To systematically review the quantitative literature on prevalence and correlates of IPV in transgender populations.Search Methods: Authors searched research databases (PubMed, CINAHL), gray literature (Google), journal tables of contents, and conference abstracts, and consulted experts in the field. Authors were contacted with data requests in cases in which transgender participants were enrolled in a study, but no disaggregated statistics were provided for this population.Selection Criteria: We included all quantitative literature published before July 2019 on prevalence and correlates of IPV victimization, perpetration, or service utilization in transgender populations. There were no restrictions by sample size, year, or location.Data Collection and Analysis: Two independent reviewers conducted screening. One reviewer conducted extraction by using a structured database, and a second reviewer checked for mistakes or omissions. We used random-effects meta-analyses to calculate relative risks (RRs) comparing the prevalence of IPV in transgender individuals and cisgender individuals in studies in which both transgender and cisgender individuals were enrolled. We also used meta-analysis to compare IPV prevalence in assigned-female-sex-at-birth and assigned-male-sex-at-birth transgender individuals and to compare physical IPV prevalence between nonbinary and binary transgender individuals in studies that enrolled both groups.Main Results: We identified 85 articles from 74 unique data sets (ntotal = 49 966 transgender participants). Across studies reporting it, the median lifetime prevalence of physical IPV was 37.5%, lifetime sexual IPV was 25.0%, past-year physical IPV was 16.7%, and past-year sexual IPV was 10.8% among transgender individuals. Compared with cisgender individuals, transgender individuals were 1.7 times more likely to experience any IPV (RR = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 2.03), 2.2 times more likely to experience physical IPV (RR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.66, 2.88), and 2.5 times more likely to experience sexual IPV (RR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.64, 3.69). Disparities persisted when comparing to cisgender women specifically. There was no significant difference in any IPV, physical IPV, or sexual IPV prevalence between assigned-female-sex-at-birth and assigned-male-sex-at-birth individuals, nor in physical IPV prevalence between binary- and nonbinary-identified transgender individuals. IPV victimization was associated with sexual risk, substance use, and mental health burden in transgender populations.Authors' Conclusions: Transgender individuals experience a dramatically higher prevalence of IPV victimization compared with cisgender individuals, regardless of sex assigned at birth. IPV prevalence estimates are comparably high for assigned-male-sex-at-birth and assigned-female-sex-at-birth transgender individuals, and for binary and nonbinary transgender individuals, though more research is needed.Public Health Implications: Evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to prevent and address IPV in this high-risk population with unique needs. Lack of legal protections against discrimination in employment, housing, and social services likely foster vulnerability to IPV. Transgender individuals should be explicitly included in US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations promoting IPV screening in primary care settings. Interventions at the policy level as well as the interpersonal and individual level are urgently needed to address epidemic levels of IPV in this marginalized, high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Peitzmeier
- Sarah M. Peitzmeier is with the Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor. Mannat Malik is with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Shanna K. Kattari is with the University of Michigan School of Social Work and University of Michigan Department of Women's Studies, Ann Arbor. Elliot Marrow is with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA. Rob Stephenson is with the Department of Systems, Population, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA. Sari L. Reisner is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Mannat Malik
- Sarah M. Peitzmeier is with the Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor. Mannat Malik is with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Shanna K. Kattari is with the University of Michigan School of Social Work and University of Michigan Department of Women's Studies, Ann Arbor. Elliot Marrow is with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA. Rob Stephenson is with the Department of Systems, Population, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA. Sari L. Reisner is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Shanna K Kattari
- Sarah M. Peitzmeier is with the Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor. Mannat Malik is with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Shanna K. Kattari is with the University of Michigan School of Social Work and University of Michigan Department of Women's Studies, Ann Arbor. Elliot Marrow is with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA. Rob Stephenson is with the Department of Systems, Population, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA. Sari L. Reisner is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Elliot Marrow
- Sarah M. Peitzmeier is with the Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor. Mannat Malik is with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Shanna K. Kattari is with the University of Michigan School of Social Work and University of Michigan Department of Women's Studies, Ann Arbor. Elliot Marrow is with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA. Rob Stephenson is with the Department of Systems, Population, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA. Sari L. Reisner is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Rob Stephenson
- Sarah M. Peitzmeier is with the Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor. Mannat Malik is with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Shanna K. Kattari is with the University of Michigan School of Social Work and University of Michigan Department of Women's Studies, Ann Arbor. Elliot Marrow is with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA. Rob Stephenson is with the Department of Systems, Population, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA. Sari L. Reisner is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Madina Agénor
- Sarah M. Peitzmeier is with the Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor. Mannat Malik is with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Shanna K. Kattari is with the University of Michigan School of Social Work and University of Michigan Department of Women's Studies, Ann Arbor. Elliot Marrow is with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA. Rob Stephenson is with the Department of Systems, Population, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA. Sari L. Reisner is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Sari L Reisner
- Sarah M. Peitzmeier is with the Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor. Mannat Malik is with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Shanna K. Kattari is with the University of Michigan School of Social Work and University of Michigan Department of Women's Studies, Ann Arbor. Elliot Marrow is with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA. Rob Stephenson is with the Department of Systems, Population, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA. Sari L. Reisner is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
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