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Brambilla R, Mshana GH, Mosha N, Malibwa D, Ayieko P, Sichalwe S, Kapiga S, Stöckl H. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Young Men's Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Mwanza, Tanzania. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605402. [PMID: 37273770 PMCID: PMC10235485 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Tanzania is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. There are very few studies on the co-occurrence of gambling and IPV and none from LMICs, despite gambling being a behaviour associated with gender norms exalting masculinity underlying IPV perpetration. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data of 755 currently partnered men aged 18-24 from Mwanza, Tanzania were analysed to investigate whether gambling was associated with past-year physical, sexual, emotional and economic IPV. We conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to control for potential confounders, based on their significant association bivariately with the main outcome variables. Results: Of the men who gambled, 18 percent perpetrated physical IPV, 39 percent sexual IPV, 60 percent emotional IPV and 39 percent economic IPV. Gambling was significantly associated with sexual (aOR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.70-3.97), emotional (aOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.12-2.14) and economic IPV (aOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02-1.88) after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: The analysis shows that gambling is associated with IPV perpetration. More research is needed to understand how current IPV prevention efforts can be expanded to include problem gambling treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brambilla
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerry Hillary Mshana
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research (Mwanza Centre), Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Neema Mosha
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Philip Ayieko
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Sileo KM, Luttinen R, Muñoz S, Hill TD. Mechanisms Linking Masculine Discrepancy Stress and the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men in the United States. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221119355. [PMID: 36028978 PMCID: PMC9421240 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies show that masculine discrepancy stress (i.e., the intrapsychic
strain associated with failing to meet internalized masculine ideals) is
associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, little is known
about the processes underlying this association. There may be other social
psychological constructs at play that explain this relationship further. The
present study uses recently collected data from a national survey of men living
in the United States (n = 711) to formally test whether the
effects of discrepancy stress on three different forms of IPV perpetration are
mediated by anger, self-esteem, and perceived powerlessness. We find that
discrepancy stress is directly associated with higher levels of anger, lower
levels self-esteem, a sense of powerlessness, and a greater odds of perpetrating
any physical IPV and severe physical IPV resulting in injuries, but not sexual
IPV perpetration in our sample of men. Our mediation analyses confirms that
masculine discrepancy stress is indirectly associated with perpetrating all
three forms of IPV through the mechanism of anger. Self-esteem and perceived
powerlessness are not supported as mediators. These findings add to our
understanding of the link between masculinity and violence perpetration and can
inform IPV reduction interventions. Gender transformative interventions that
reduce discrepancy stress among men by shifting men’s adherence to traditional
masculine norms, and that integrate anger management strategies, should be
explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M. Sileo
- Department of Public Health, The
University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Katelyn M. Sileo, Department of Public
Health, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX
78249, USA.
| | - Rebecca Luttinen
- Department of Demography, The
University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Suyapa Muñoz
- Department of Public Health, The
University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terrence D. Hill
- Department of Sociology, The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Hing N, O’Mullan C, Mainey L, Nuske E, Breen H, Taylor A. Impacts of Male Intimate Partner Violence on Women: A Life Course Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168303. [PMID: 34444051 PMCID: PMC8391608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nature and extent of the impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) on victims are well documented, particularly male partner violence against women. However, less is known about how these impacts might change over time, including their legacy after women leave an abusive relationship and the lasting effects in their later lives. The purpose of this study was to examine women’s experiences of IPV at different stages over their life courses. Interviews with a cohort of 18 older women who had left an abusive relationship were analysed using thematic narrative analysis and the findings were presented according to trajectories, transitions, and turning points over their life courses. When in the relationship, the women experienced direct impacts on their physical, mental, social, and financial wellbeing. During separation, many experienced continued abuse and housing, legal, and financial stress. Life after separation was marked by loneliness, trauma, financial insecurity, and damaged relationships. Some women reached a turning point in their recovery through helping others. Understanding these impacts can inform interventions during each stage. Crisis support is critical when women are in an abusive relationship and during the dangerous phase of separation. Interventions can also assist women’s longer-term wellbeing and help them recover through post-traumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerilee Hing
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg 4670, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine O’Mullan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg 4670, Australia;
| | - Lydia Mainey
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Cairns 4870, Australia;
| | - Elaine Nuske
- School of Arts and Social Science, Southern Cross University, Bilinga 4225, Australia;
| | - Helen Breen
- School of Business and Tourism, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia;
| | - Annabel Taylor
- Queensland Centre for Domestic and Family Violence Research, Central Queensland University, Mackay 4740, Australia;
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Gender identification and attitudes toward gay people: Gender and sexuality differences and similarities. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated the existence of gender and sexuality differences in attitudes toward gay people (which in this paper includes both lesbian women and gay men unless specified). However, these studies did not account for people with diverse genders and sexual orientations ascribing different meanings to their gender identification and its potential role in attitudes towards gay people. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between gender identification and attitudes toward gay people among individuals of different genders and sexual orientations. Based on data obtained from 851 Russian respondents, the study reports the exploration of the direct link between two components of gender identification and four components of attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Results indicated that stronger gender identification, in general, was related to more negative attitudes toward both gay men and lesbians. At the same time, compared to women and bisexual respondents, this link was stronger among men and straight participants respectively. A possible explanation via traditional gender ideologies is discussed.
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Christofides NJ, Hatcher AM, Rebombo D, McBride RS, Munshi S, Pino A, Abdelatif N, Peacock D, Levin J, Jewkes RK. Effectiveness of a multi-level intervention to reduce men's perpetration of intimate partner violence: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:359. [PMID: 32334615 PMCID: PMC7183134 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) limits gains in health and wellbeing for populations globally. Largely informal, rapidly expanding peri-urban settlements, with limited basic services such as electricity, have high prevalence rates of IPV. Evidence on how to reduce men’s perpetration, change social norms and patriarchal attitudes within these settings is limited. Our cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Sonke CHANGE intervention in reducing use of sexual and/or physical IPV and severity of perpetration by men aged 18–40 years over 2 years. Methodology The theory-based intervention delivered activities to bolster community action, including door-to-door discussions, workshops, drawing on the CHANGE curriculum, and deploying community action teams over 18 months. In 2016 and 2018, we collected data from a cohort of men, recruited from 18 clusters; nine were randomised to receive the intervention, while the nine control clusters received no intervention. A self-administered questionnaire, using audio-computer assisted software, asked about sociodemographics, gender attitudes, mental health, and the use and severity of IPV. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis at the cluster level comparing the expected risk to observed risk of using IPV while controlling for baseline characteristics. A secondary analysis used latent classes (LCA) of men to see whether there were differential effects of the intervention for subgroups of men. Results Of 2406 men recruited, 1458 (63%) were followed to 2 years. Overall, we saw a reduction in men’s reports of physical, sexual and severe IPV from baseline to endpoint (40.2% to 25.4%, 31.8% to 15.8%, and 33.4% to 18.2%, respectively). Intention-to-treat analysis showed no measurable differences between intervention and control clusters for primary IPV outcomes. Difference in the cluster-level proportion of physical IPV perpetration was 0.002 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.07 to 0.08). Similarly, differences between arms for sexual IPV was 0.01 (95% CI − 0.04 to 0.06), while severe IPV followed a similar pattern (Diff = 0.01; 95% CI − 0.05 to 0.07). A secondary analysis using LCA suggests that among the men living in intervention communities, there was a greater reduction in IPV among less violent and more law abiding men than among more highly violent men, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion The intervention, when implemented in a peri-urban settlement, had limited effect in reducing IPV perpetrated by male residents. Further analysis showed it was unable to transform entrenched gender attitudes and use of IPV by those men who use the most violence, but the intervention showed promise for men who use violence less. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02823288. Registered on 30 June 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Christofides
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Abigail M Hatcher
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.,Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, USA
| | - Dumisani Rebombo
- Sonke Gender Justice, Juta Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ruari-Santiago McBride
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Shehnaz Munshi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Angelica Pino
- Sonke Gender Justice, Juta Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nada Abdelatif
- South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dean Peacock
- Sonke Gender Justice, Juta Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Levin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Rachel K Jewkes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria, South Africa
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