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Juhász B, Khan KS, Cano-Ibáñez N, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Triviño-Juárez JM. Prevalence of elder abuse in the community and care settings: An umbrella review. Semergen 2024; 50:102209. [PMID: 38484419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elder abuse, an important human rights issue and public health problem, contributes to increased disability and mortality. In the last decades, several reviews have synthesized primary studies to determine its prevalence. This umbrella review aimed to estimate the worldwide overall prevalence rate of elder abuse in the community and care setting. METHODS Following prospective registration at PROSPERO (CRD42021281866) we conducted a search of eight electronic databases to identify systematic reviews from inception until 17 January 2023. The corrected covered area was calculated to estimate the potential overlap of primary studies between reviews. The quality of the selected reviews was assessed using a modified AMSTAR-2 instrument. We extracted data on the prevalence of any type of elder (people aged 60 years old or older) abuse in the community and care setting. RESULTS There were 16 systematic reviews retrieved between 2007 and 2022, out of which ten captured prevalence globally, three in Iran, one in Turkey, one in China and one in Brazil. The 16 reviews included 136 primary studies in total between 1988 and 2020. The overlapping of studies between reviews was found to be moderate (5.5%). The quality of reviews was low (2, 12.5%) or critically low (14, 87.5%). The estimated range of global prevalence of overall elder abuse was wide (1.1-78%), while the estimations of specific abuse prevalence ranged from 0-81.8% for neglect, 1.1-78.9% for psychological abuse, 0.7-78.3% for financial abuse, 0.1-67.7% for physical abuse, and 0-59.2% for sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Although the low quality of the evidence and the heterogeneity of the phenomenon makes it hard to give precise prevalence data, it is without a question that elder abuse is a prevalent problem with a wide dispersion. The focus of attention should shift towards interventions and policymaking to prevent this form of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Juhász
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - K S Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
| | - N Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - A Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - J M Triviño-Juárez
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Agudelo-Botero M, Rojas-Russell ME. Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Older Adults. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103045. [PMID: 39067257 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse (EA), depressive symptoms, and loneliness represent a growing risk to the health, well-being, and premature mortality of older adults. However, the role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms has not yet been examined. AIMS To investigate the associations between these constructs and to explore the possible mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older Mexican people. METHODS A representative community-dwelling survey of older adults aged 60 and older was conducted in two cities in Mexico (Mexico City and Xalapa) in 2018-2019. Measurements of EA, loneliness, depressive symptoms, health, and sociodemographic data were collected. Regression and mediation models were tested to analyze the associations between these variables. RESULTS The prevalence of EA was 16.3%, loneliness was 50%, and depressive symptoms were 25.5%. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of depressive symptoms was 2.7 when the combined effects of EA and loneliness were considered. The proportion of the effect that could explain the mediating role of loneliness was 31%. CONCLUSION To effectively reduce depressive symptoms in older individuals affected by emotional or psychological abuse and neglect, it is crucial to address both the mediating influence of loneliness and EA itself in therapeutic and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Agudelo-Botero
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario E Rojas-Russell
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hernandez-Tejada MA, Little DM, Bruce MJ, Butte S, Burnett J, Wood L, Acierno R. Building resilience: A specialty clinic tailored to older adults at risk of violence and abuse. Int J Psychiatry Med 2024:912174241272591. [PMID: 39097799 DOI: 10.1177/00912174241272591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both structural (e.g., ageism) and personal (e.g., stigma) barriers hinder older adult's access to and engagement with mental health care). These barriers are particularly problematic for those vulnerable to interpersonal violence and abuse (e.g., due to social isolation). This study presents a quality improvement program aimed at older adults who have experienced significant stress events, particularly elder mistreatment, within a larger trauma specialty clinic. Leveraging home-based telemedicine, the clinic provides evidence-based psychotherapy tailored to older adults' needs. METHODS From 2021 through 2023, the authors retrospectively examined treatment initiation, engagement, completion, and clinical outcomes among 231 older adults age 60+ who reported trauma that met DSM-5 criterion A criteria for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression and other mental health comorbid conditions related to their traumatic event. The clinic uses an automated measurement-based care approach that facilitates Quality Improvement projects, allowing us to track treatment initiation, engagement, completion, and clinical outcomes for all patients. RESULTS The results indicated high treatment completion, high engagement with telemedicine-delivered interventions, and, most importantly, significant changes in clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of expanding telemedicine-based mental health services for older adults, challenging ageist norms, and prioritizing older adults' mental health needs by providing tailored services to this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melba A Hernandez-Tejada
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah M Little
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madeline J Bruce
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarly Butte
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Burnett
- Joan and Stanford Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leila Wood
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ron Acierno
- Louis A. Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, USA
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Brasileiro LEE, Dantas AAG, Linhares DB, Vale HA, Terradas-Monllor M, Ochandorena-Acha M, Paiva ALDM, de Medeiros MYD, Jerez-Roig J, de Souza DLB. Incidence of depression among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:496-512. [PMID: 38263357 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to synthesise information related to the incidence of depression and depressive symptoms (DDS) in a community-dwelling older adult population at a global level. In this systematic review, we included articles with a cohort study design that evaluated the incidence of depression or depressive symptoms in older adults aged 60 years or more in a community-dwelling environment. Six databases were used: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, and Cochrane, and the entire selection process was independently performed by peers. We divided the included articles into subgroups according to the DDS assessment instrument: (i) Geriatric Depression Scale; (ii) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; (iii) miscellaneous scales; and (iv) diagnostic interviews. Each cumulative incidence value obtained per item was adjusted for a 1-year follow-up period, which generated an annual cumulative incidence (AcI). From 46 articles, 42 used scales to evaluate the depressive variable, with an AcI estimate of around 4.5%. The articles that assessed depression categorically observed a variation in AcI between 0.2% and 7.0%. Among all the materials included, the group that used the Geriatric Depression Scale observed the lowest and the highest AcI, 1.3% and 26.6% respectively. Most of the productions were from countries in the Asian continent (52.2%), followed by Europe (30.4%), the Americas (13%), and Oceania (4.4%). Despite the variation of AcI, we found a frequent occurrence of DDS in older adults in the community-dwelling environment, which highlights the need for preventive actions and better-targeted early care, especially in terms of primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E E Brasileiro
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Caicó, Brazil
| | - Amanda Almeida Gomes Dantas
- Department of Collective Health, Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Dorothy Bezerra Linhares
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Caicó, Brazil
| | - Heron Alves Vale
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Caicó, Brazil
| | - Marc Terradas-Monllor
- Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health, and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Mirari Ochandorena-Acha
- Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health, and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health, and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Department of Collective Health, Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Rollandi I, Banerjee S, Qiu Y, Fiallo O, Abramson T, Berman J, Solomonov N, Sirey JA. Improved outcomes for depressed elder abuse victims with video-delivered psychotherapy during COVID-19. Psychother Res 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38109490 PMCID: PMC11182890 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2292743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of evidence-based scalable therapies for elder abuse victims, with no current remotely delivered tailored psychotherapy. The purpose of this manuscript is to (a) examine the effectiveness of a brief therapy for depression for elder abuse victims, and (b) to compare remote intervention delivery via phone or video to the traditional in-person delivery. METHOD PROTECT, Providing Options to Elderly Clients Together, is a brief therapy developed in collaboration with partners at the Department for the Aging (DFTA) of New York City. During the COVID-19 outbreak, PROTECT delivery shifted from in-person to phone or video delivery. Depression severity was tracked using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9). Reduction in depression severity was evaluated using a linear mixed effects model with non-inferiority test to compare the effectiveness of video vs in-person delivery of PROTECT. RESULTS PROTECT reduced depression (average 5.15 PHQ-9 points). Video and phone delivery were non-inferior to in-person delivery. The video group completed therapy more quickly than the in-person group and had a more rapid improvement in depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS PROTECT therapy delivered remotely reduces depression among diverse elder abuse victims. Video delivery of PROTECT could increase reach and scalability to serve more vulnerable older depressed victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rollandi
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Samprit Banerjee
- Weill Cornell Department of Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- Weill Cornell Department of Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Fiallo
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Tobi Abramson
- New York City Department for the Aging, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nili Solomonov
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Jo Anne Sirey
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
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Yurdakul ES, Veizi BGY, Avcı C, Yazır HT, Avaner E, Naharcı Mİ, Sarı O. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the elder abuse suspicion index in community-dwelling older adults. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:432-438. [PMID: 36945952 PMCID: PMC10388021 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is among the most important ethical issue during the management of older population. The elder abuse suspicion index (EASI) was developed for evaluating abuse in older adults. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version EASI-Türkiye (TR) among older adults. METHODS This study included 89 community-dwelling older adults. The EASI-TR and other scales, including HwalekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test-Türkiye (HS/EAST-TR), YGDS, Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (YGDS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were administered to all participants. Internal consistency and external validity were assessed. RESULTS EASI-TR revealed an excellent test-retest reliability and acceptable level of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.711). The item-total correlations ranged between 0.296 and 0.701, except for the second item. This test showed significant correlations with the HS/EAST-TR and IADL (p < 0.05), demonstrating good external validity. DISCUSSION The EASI-TR appears to have acceptable reliability and validity in screening for abuse in older adults. This tool may recognize cases that require additional evaluation in managing of ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Serdar Yurdakul
- Department of Medical History and Bioethics, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Gülsüm Yavuz Veizi
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Candeniz Avcı
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tuğba Yazır
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Avaner
- Department of Medical History and Bioethics, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet İlkin Naharcı
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oktay Sarı
- Department of Family Medicine, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Marsigit J, Khasanah FT, Nainggolan L, Wahyudi ER. Depression as a Consequence of Elder Mistreatment: A Case Report. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221146072. [PMID: 36579135 PMCID: PMC9791278 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221146072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old elderly woman came to the emergency room in tertiary hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia due to epigastric pain for the past 7 months which was worsened in the past 4 days. Due to her illness, her daughters prevent her to do daily chores and her hobbies, such as singing and gardening. On admission, she had hypertension with moderate dependency, frail, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, risk of sarcopenia, and risk of depression. She was later diagnosed with poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma and adjustment disorders with anxiety and depressive reaction due to emotional elder mistreatment. There are a variety of forms of elder abuse, not only physical, but also emotional, sexual, financial, and neglect. The prevalence of elder mistreatment is projected between 5% and 10% all over the world and it is thought to be underdiagnosed. Among the consequences of mistreatment or abuse include social alongside, economic, physical, and mental (e.g., isolation, constrained relationships, and broken social networks). This is a case report of depression because of elder mistreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marsigit
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Jessica Marsigit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
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Paek MS, Lee MJ, Shin YS. Elder Mistreatment as a Risk Factor for Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Korean Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11165. [PMID: 36141438 PMCID: PMC9517653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Older adults suffering from mistreatment are especially vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. The current study examined the associations of elder mistreatment (single- and multi-type mistreatment) with depression or suicidal ideation in a Korean representative sample. The data were derived from the 2017 National Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons (unweighted n = 10,059 and weighted n = 10,055). Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. In the weighted population, 9.8% of older adults had mistreatment experiences. Results indicated that single- and multi-type mistreatment experiences were associated with increased risks of depression (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = [1.61, 2.32] and OR = 3.51, 95% CI = [2.52, 4.87], respectively), after adjusting for the confounding factors (socio-demographic, health-related, and social relation characteristics). Experiences of single- and multi-type mistreatment were also associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = [1.97, 3.12] and OR = 3.19, 95% CI = [2.25, 4.51], respectively), even after adjusting for the above confounding factors and depression. Similar results were found in sensitivity analyses using unweighted data. The current findings expanded our knowledge of the associations of mistreatment with depression and suicidal ideation in later life.
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The association between elder abuse and refrainment from daily activities during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in Japan: A cross-sectional study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101229. [PMID: 36119723 PMCID: PMC9467916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Elder abuse is a public health issue that is thought to have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdowns and behavioral restrictions. This study examines the association between elder abuse and refrainment from daily activities during the pandemic. Methods We used data from a self-administered mail survey conducted by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) from November 2020 to February 2021 in 11 municipalities. Our participants included 18,263 older adults (age ≥65 years) who were independent in their daily lives. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between elder abuse and refrainment from 10 daily activities, and the total number of refrained behaviors. Results Experiences of abuse were reported by 288 participants (1.6%). The risk of elder abuse was 1.37 times (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.81) higher among those who refrained from shopping for food and daily necessities and 1.60 times (1.20–2.13) higher among those who refrained from interaction with neighbors, than those who did not. Also, a dose-response relationship was observed where the risk of abuse increased with the number of restrictions. Conclusion The risk of elder abuse increased as the number of refrained behaviors increased which suggests that refrainment from multiple behaviors may significantly increase the risk of elder abuse, compared with refrainment from a single behavior. To avoid increasing the risk of abuse in likely future pandemics, it is necessary to maintain social connections without face-to-face contact, or with adequate infection control measures. The risk of elder abuse was higher among those who refrained from shopping for food and daily necessities and from interaction with neighbors. The risk of abuse increased as the number of refrained behaviors increased. Our results illustrate that refraining from multiple behaviors may be significantly associated with an increased risk of abuse over that of refraining from a single behavior.
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Chen YR, Hanazato M, Koga C, Ide K, Kondo K. The association between street connectivity and depression among older Japanese adults: the JAGES longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13533. [PMID: 35941206 PMCID: PMC9360019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health is important in older age; neighborhood environment is considered a protective factor of depression. Research has established that a critical indicator of neighborhood environment, street connectivity, is related to older people's health. However, little is known about the relationship between street connectivity and depression. We examined the relationship between street connectivity and depression among older people. Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study 2013-2016, the target population comprised 24,141 independent older people without depression (Geriatric Depression Scale scores below 5) in 2013. The outcome variable was depression in 2016; the explanatory variable was street connectivity calculated by intersection density and space syntax within 800 m around the subject's neighborhood in 2013. We used logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the new occurrence of depression among participants in 2016. This analysis demonstrated incidence of new depression after 3 years that is 17% and 14% lower among participations living in high-intersection density and high-street-connectivity areas, respectively, than those living in low-intersection density and low-street-connectivity areas. The association held after adjusting for physical activities and social interaction. Given the established connection between street connectivity and mental health, the findings can contribute to healthy urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Chen
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8672, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chie Koga
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ide
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Community General Support, Hasegawa Hospital, Yachimata-shi, Chiba, 289-1103, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morikoka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
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Son YH, Cho MS. Abuse and risk factors among community-dwelling elderly in South Korea during COVID-19. J Elder Abuse Negl 2022; 34:259-279. [PMID: 36000157 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2022.2114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Elder abuse is a serious social problem in South Korea. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors of elder abuse during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By using the 2020 Living Profiles of Older People Survey in Seoul Metropolitan City and considering sociodemographic, health-related, social support, and isolation factors as independent variables, a logistic regression model was established. Among 3,106 samples, the overall rate of elder abuse was 8.5%, with emotional abuse being the most frequent. Social isolation (OR = 1.47, p = .018) and recognition of abuse (OR = 0.90, p = .003) were associated with having experienced abuse. Seniors with a greater number of diseases, higher levels of dependency, depressive symptoms, and/or cognitive impairments were more likely to suffer abuse, as were those who smoked or drank alcohol. To prevent elder abuse by social isolation during and after COVID-19, more active health promotion programs and healthy aging policies should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Son
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myong Sun Cho
- Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, South Korea
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Bhandari D, Ozaki A, Suzuki T, Kotera Y, Shrestha S, Horiuchi S, Miyachi T, Tabuchi T. Physical and verbal abuse amid COVID-19: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054915. [PMID: 35177454 PMCID: PMC8889444 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The detrimental impacts of abuse on victims' well-being are well documented globally, including Japan. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may increase the incidence of abuse in the community, creating an additional burden amid the crisis. However, the incidence of abuse in Japan during COVID-19 remains to be evaluated. Accordingly, our study aimed to assess the incidence of physical and verbal abuse among the general population in Japan and to identify the associated factors of abuse during COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING We used the data obtained from a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey conducted in Japan between August and September 2020. Sampling weights were used to calculate national estimates, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the associated factors for physical and verbal abuse. RESULTS Out of the total 25 482 participants, 965 (3.8 %) reported experiencing physical abuse and 1941 (7.6%) verbal abuse from April 2020 to September 2020. The incidence of physical and verbal abuse was higher among female participants. Participants who lived in areas where the 'state of emergency' was enforced were more likely to suffer from physical abuse. Similarly, vulnerable participants such as those below age 18, with low income, bad family relationships, and disabled people were more likely to experience both physical and verbal abuse. Participants suffering from COVID-19-related symptoms, who had poor health status and widows/divorcees were more likely to be verbally abused. Furthermore, those who did not follow preventive behaviours such as wearing masks in public places, abusing drugs and drinking alcohol in high amounts were also more likely to experience abuse. CONCLUSION The impact of abuse was found disproportionately greater in more vulnerable groups of the population. Pandemic has reinforced the existing social inequalities, which need to be addressed timely to prevent precarious repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Suzuki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- School of Health Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyachi
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Remes O, Mendes JF, Templeton P. Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1633. [PMID: 34942936 PMCID: PMC8699555 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability, and, if left unmanaged, it can increase the risk for suicide. The evidence base on the determinants of depression is fragmented, which makes the interpretation of the results across studies difficult. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough synthesis of the literature assessing the biological, psychological, and social determinants of depression in order to piece together the puzzle of the key factors that are related to this condition. Titles and abstracts published between 2017 and 2020 were identified in PubMed, as well as Medline, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Key words relating to biological, social, and psychological determinants as well as depression were applied to the databases, and the screening and data charting of the documents took place. We included 470 documents in this literature review. The findings showed that there are a plethora of risk and protective factors (relating to biological, psychological, and social determinants) that are related to depression; these determinants are interlinked and influence depression outcomes through a web of causation. In this paper, we describe and present the vast, fragmented, and complex literature related to this topic. This review may be used to guide practice, public health efforts, policy, and research related to mental health and, specifically, depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Remes
- Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Peter Templeton
- IfM Engage Limited, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
- The William Templeton Foundation for Young People’s Mental Health (YPMH), Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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14
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Asyraf M, Dunne MP, Hairi NN, Mohd Hairi F, Radzali N, Wan Yuen C. The association between elder abuse and childhood adversity: A study of older adults in Malaysia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254717. [PMID: 34292992 PMCID: PMC8297753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood adversity has been linked with later victimization of young and middle-aged adults, but few studies have shown persistence of this effect among elders, especially outside of North America. This research examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and elder abuse among older adults aged 60 years and over in Malaysia. DESIGN Cross sectional data were collected via face-to-face interview from June to August 2019. SETTING Eight government community health clinics in Kuala Pilah, a district in Negeri Sembilan state approximately 100km from Malaysian capital city Kuala Lumpur. PARTICIPANTS Older adults aged 60 years and above (N = 1984; Mean age 69.2, range 60-93 years) attending all eight government health clinics in the district were recruited for a face-to-face interview about health and well-being. MEASUREMENT The Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) were utilized to estimate childhood adversity and elder abuse respectively. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the number of cumulative ACEs and elder abuse. Compared to older adults with no self-reported adversity, those reporting three ACEs (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.84,3.87) or four or more ACEs (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.16, 2.48) had higher risk of any elder abuse occurrence since age 60 years. The effect was most prominent for financial and psychological elder abuse. The associations persisted in multivariate logistic regression models after adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors. CONCLUSION Early life adversities were significantly associated with victimization of older adults. Social and emotional support to address elder abuse should recognize that, for some men and women, there is a possibility that vulnerability to maltreatment persisted throughout their life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asyraf
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael P. Dunne
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Noran N. Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraliza Radzali
- Kuala Pilah District Health Office, Ministry of Health, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia
| | - Choo Wan Yuen
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nishida M, Hanazato M, Koga C, Kondo K. Association between Proximity of the Elementary School and Depression in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from the JAGES 2016 Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020500. [PMID: 33435418 PMCID: PMC7826926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression among older adults is one of the most critical public health issues. The proximity of elementary schools has been positively associated with neighborhood social cohesion and quality of life. However, no studies have identified an association between the proximity of elementary school and older adults' mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between the proximity of elementary schools, one of the core facilities of neighborhood communities in Japan, and depression in older adults. A total of 131,871 participants (63,430 men 73.7 ± 6.1 years, 68,441 women 73.8 ± 6.2 years) were analyzed from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2016 survey. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no association between distance to elementary school and depression among males. However, among females, compared with the participants living within 400 m from the nearest elementary school, the odds ratio of depression for those living between 400 and 799 m and more than 800 m away were 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.12) and 1.07 (95% CI 1.00-1.15), respectively. The findings may be useful when considering the design of communities around elementary schools and the planning of facilities as a population-based approach to promote mental health of older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishida
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8672, Japan
- Takenaka Corporation, 1-13, 4-chome, Hommachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0053, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-2454-9101
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (M.H.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Chie Koga
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (M.H.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (M.H.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morikoka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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