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Carías Domínguez AM, de Jesús Rosa Salazar D, Stefanolo JP, Cruz Serrano MC, Casas IC, Zuluaga Peña JR. Intestinal Dysbiosis: Exploring Definition, Associated Symptoms, and Perspectives for a Comprehensive Understanding - a Scoping Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10353-w. [PMID: 39235661 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis is a clinical condition marked by altered gut microbiota resulting from external and internal host factors. It is strongly associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal alterations, so its symptomatology is broad and nonspecific. To date, gaps remain that limit professionals from making a timely diagnosis and prescribing the appropriate treatment. We aim to synthesize existing literature regarding clinical parameters for the early detection of patients with intestinal dysbiosis and the clinical events in which the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy is most frequently reported. A scoping review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud in Spanish) databases for articles published in the last 5 years. Primary studies and literature reviews related to clinical presentation, dysbiosis screening, and probiotics as adjuvant therapy for adult and pediatric patients were included. Twenty-three articles were retrieved in which the most frequently reported symptoms were abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Chronic and metabolic diseases where the conditions most strongly associated with dysbiosis. Depending on symptomatology and etiology, dysbiosis is often treated with probiotics. Dysbiosis, often linked to diarrhea, should be considered with other symptoms like abdominal distension and pain, along with predisposing conditions and patient risk factors. Probiotics are commonly used as co-adjuvant treatments for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and childhood allergic diseases. The most commonly used probiotics were Weizmannia coagulans (formerly B. coagulans), Alkalihalobacillus clausii (formerly Bacillus clausii), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, and Saccharomyces boulardii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailim Margarita Carías Domínguez
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (Santa Fe de Bogotá Foundation), Bogotá, Colombia.
- Universidad de los Andes (University of the Andes), Bogotá, Colombia.
- Colegio Colombiano de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica (Colombian College of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition) (COLGAHNP), Bogotá, Colombia.
- LASPGHAN, Bogotá, Colombia.
- NASPGHAN, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Dimas de Jesús Rosa Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación del Caribe y Centroamérica Para La Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos (Research Group of the Caribbean and Central America for Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics) (GICCAMPP), Bogotá, Colombia
- Asociación Colombiana de Probióticos y Prebióticos (Colombian Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics) (ACoPyP), Bogotá, Colombia
- Sociedad Iberoamericana de Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos (Ibero-American Society of Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics) (SIAMPYP), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Stefanolo
- Hospital de Gastroenterología Carlos Bonorino Udaondo (Carlos Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital), CABA-Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Perez N, He N, Wright F, Condon E, Weiser S, Aouizerat B. Social determinants of inflammatory markers linking depression and type 2 diabetes among women: A scoping review. J Psychosom Res 2024; 184:111831. [PMID: 38905780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is linked to social determinants of health (SDoH) associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. The objective of this review is to identify and map the range of SDoHs associated with inflammation in depression, T2D, or their co-occurrence among women. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched March-July 2023 to identify studies where 1) an SDoH was a predictor or independent variable, 2) depression or T2D was a clinical focus, 3) inflammatory markers were collected, and 4) analysis was specific to women. We used the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework to guide searching SDoHs, organize findings, and identify gaps. RESULTS Of the 1135 studies retrieved, 46 met criteria. Within the reviewed studies, the most used inflammatory measures were C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the most studied SDoHs were early life stress and socioeconomic status. Individual and interpersonal-level variables comprised the bulk of SDoHs in the included studies, while few to no studies examined built environment (n = 6) or health system level (n = 0) factors. Disadvantageous SDoHs were associated with higher levels of inflammation across the included studies. CONCLUSION The scope and intersection of depression and T2D represent a syndemic that contributes to and results from socioeconomic inequities and disproportionately affects women. Simultaneous inclusion of social and inflammatory measures, particularly understudied SDoHs, is needed to clarify potent targets aimed at advancing health and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Perez
- New York University, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 1(st) Ave, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Ning He
- New York University, Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Squire North, New York, NY 10003, United States of America.
| | - Fay Wright
- Northwell Health Northern Westchester Hospital, 400 East Main Street, Mt Kisco, NY 10549, United States of America.
| | - Eileen Condon
- University of Connecticut, College of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America.
| | - Sheri Weiser
- University of San Francisco, School of Medicine, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America.
| | - Brad Aouizerat
- New York University, College of Dentistry, 345 E 24th St, New York, NY 10010, United States of America; University of San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America.
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Mozaffari S, Aliari M, Emamgholipour S, Hosseini H, Amirkiasar PR, Zare M, Katsiki N, Panahi G, Sahebkar A. The effect of probiotic consumption on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammatory markers, and liver function in NAFLD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108780. [PMID: 38968867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND-AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD1) is the most frequent chronic liver disorder worldwide. Currently, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for NAFLD. Probiotics have been suggested as a potential therapy for NAFLD. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of probiotic intake on liver tests, lipids, glycemic parameters and inflammatory markers in NAFLD patients. METHODS We searched electronic databases using related terms. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models. Clinical outcomes were presented as standard mean difference (SMD2) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI3). Publication bias and heterogeneity were evaluated in eligible studies. RESULTS Fifteen randomized clinical trials comprising 899 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Probiotic supplementation improved alanine transaminase [SMD -0.796; 95 % CI (-1.419, -0.172); p = 0.012], Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR4) [SMD -0.596; 95 % CI (-1.071, -0.121); p = 0.01] and insulin levels [SMD -1.10; 95 % CI (-2.121, -0.087); p = 0.03]. No significant effects were observed on fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, aspartate transaminase, lipid profile, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic intake may improve insulin sensitivity and alanine transaminase in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Mozaffari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdeyeh Aliari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pedram Rezaei Amirkiasar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Zare
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus.
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ahmadi S, Taghizadieh M, Mehdizadehfar E, Hasani A, Khalili Fard J, Feizi H, Hamishehkar H, Ansarin M, Yekani M, Memar MY. Gut microbiota in neurological diseases: Melatonin plays an important regulatory role. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116487. [PMID: 38518598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule produced in the human pineal gland as a hormone. It is known for its essential biological effects, such as antioxidant activity, circadian rhythm regulator, and immunomodulatory effects. The gut is one of the primary known sources of melatonin. The gut microbiota helps produce melatonin from tryptophan, and melatonin has been shown to have a beneficial effect on gut barrier function and microbial population. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with bacterial imbalance and decreased beneficial microbial metabolites, including melatonin. In this way, low melatonin levels may be related to several human diseases. Melatonin has shown both preventive and therapeutic effects against various conditions, including neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This review was aimed to discuss the role of melatonin in the body, and to describe the possible relationship between gut microbiota and melatonin production, as well as the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin on neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mehdizadehfar
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Feizi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Aalinasab Hospital, Social Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hammed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masood Ansarin
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Waitzberg D, Guarner F, Hojsak I, Ianiro G, Polk DB, Sokol H. Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis? Adv Ther 2024; 41:901-914. [PMID: 38286962 PMCID: PMC10879266 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis corresponds to the disruption of a formerly stable, functionally complete microbiota. In the gut, this imbalance can lead to adverse health outcomes in both the short and long terms, with a potential increase in the lifetime risks of various noncommunicable diseases and disorders such as atopy (like asthma), inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders, and even behavioural and psychological disorders. Although antibiotics are highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common, non-negligible clinical sign of gut dysbiosis (and the only visible one). Re-establishment of a normal (functional) gut microbiota is promoted by completion of the clinically indicated course of antibiotics, the removal of any other perturbing external factors, the passage of time (i.e. recovery through the microbiota's natural resilience), appropriate nutritional support, and-in selected cases-the addition of probiotics. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials have confirmed the strain-specific efficacy of some probiotics (notably the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and the bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) in the treatment and/or prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and in adults. Unusually for a probiotic, S. boulardii is a eukaryote and is not therefore directly affected by antibiotics-making it suitable for administration in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. A robust body of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses shows that the timely administration of an adequately dosed probiotic (upon initiation of antibiotic treatment or within 48 h) can help to prevent or resolve the consequences of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis (such as diarrhoea) and promote the resilience of the gut microbiota and a return to the pre-antibiotic state. A focus on the prescription of evidence-based, adequately dosed probiotics should help to limit unjustified and potentially ineffective self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Waitzberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, LIM-35, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France.
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Siddiqui R, Qaisar R, Al-Dahash K, Altelly AH, Elmoselhi AB, Khan NA. Cardiovascular changes under the microgravity environment and the gut microbiome. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 40:89-96. [PMID: 38245353 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In view of the critical role the gut microbiome plays in human health, it has become clear that astronauts' gut microbiota composition changes after spending time in space. Astronauts are exposed to several risks in space, including a protracted period of microgravity, radiation, and mechanical unloading of the body. Several deleterious effects of such an environment are reported, including orthostatic intolerance, cardiovascular endothelial dysfunction, cellular and molecular changes, and changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Herein, the correlation between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease in a microgravity environment is evaluated. Additionally, the relationship between orthostatic hypotension, cardiac shrinkage and arrhythmias during spaceflight, and cellular alterations during spaceflight is reviewed. Given its impact on human health in general, modifying the gut microbiota may significantly promote astronaut health and performance. This is merited, given the prospect of augmented human activities in future space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khulood Al-Dahash
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Hashem Altelly
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adel B Elmoselhi
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
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Torres-Carrillo N, Martínez-López E, Torres-Carrillo NM, López-Quintero A, Moreno-Ortiz JM, González-Mercado A, Gutiérrez-Hurtado IA. Pharmacomicrobiomics and Drug-Infection Interactions: The Impact of Commensal, Symbiotic and Pathogenic Microorganisms on a Host Response to Drug Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17100. [PMID: 38069427 PMCID: PMC10707377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have a close relationship with humans, whether it is commensal, symbiotic, or pathogenic. Recently, it has been documented that microorganisms may influence the response to drug therapy. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that focuses on the study of how variations in the microbiome affect the disposition, action, and toxicity of drugs. Two additional sciences have been added to complement pharmacomicrobiomics, namely toxicomicrobiomics, which explores how the microbiome influences drug metabolism and toxicity, and pharmacoecology, which refers to modifications in the microbiome as a result of drug administration. In this context, we introduce the concept of "drug-infection interaction" to describe the influence of pathogenic microorganisms on drug response. This review analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the relevance of microorganisms in the host's response to drugs. It also highlights promising areas for future research and proposes the term "drug-infection interaction" as an extension of pharmacomicrobiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Torres-Carrillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (N.M.T.-C.)
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (N.M.T.-C.)
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - José Miguel Moreno-Ortiz
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.M.M.-O.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Anahí González-Mercado
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.M.M.-O.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Itzae Adonai Gutiérrez-Hurtado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
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Gulumbe BH, Abdulrahim A. Pushing the frontiers in the fight against antimicrobial resistance: the potential of fecal and maggot therapies. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO899. [PMID: 37753364 PMCID: PMC10518815 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) warrants innovative therapeutic strategies. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and maggot debridement therapy (MDT) represent paradigm-shifting approaches, leveraging biological systems to mitigate AMR. FMT restores a healthy gut microbiome, providing a biotherapeutic counter to pathogenic bacteria, thereby reducing reliance on traditional antibiotics. Conversely, MDT, a form of bio-debridement, utilizes the antimicrobial secretions of maggots to cleanse wounds and eliminate resistant bacteria. Despite the promise these therapies hold, their broader clinical adoption faces multifaceted challenges including the need for rigorous scientific substantiation, standardized protocols, deepened understanding of mechanisms of action, and surmounting regulatory and public acceptance barriers. However, their potential integration with precision medicine could revolutionize disease management, particularly with antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Haruna Gulumbe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Kalgo, Birnin Kebbi, PMB, 1157, Nigeria
| | - Abdulrakib Abdulrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Kalgo, Birnin Kebbi, PMB, 1157, Nigeria
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Souza MD, Eeckhaut V, Goossens E, Ducatelle R, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Poulsen K, Baptista AAS, Bracarense APFRL, Van Immerseel F. Guar gum as galactomannan source induces dysbiosis and reduces performance in broiler chickens and dietary β-mannanase restores the gut homeostasis. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102810. [PMID: 37343353 PMCID: PMC10404764 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactomannans are abundant nonstarch polysaccharides in broiler feed ingredients. In broilers, diets with high levels of galactomannans have been associated with innate immune response stimulation, poor zootechnical performance, nutrient and lipid absorption, and excessive digesta viscosity. However, data about its effects on the gut microbiome are scarce. β-Mannanases are enzymes that can hydrolyze β-mannans, resulting in better nutrient utilization. In the current study, we have evaluated the effect of guar gum, a source of galactomannans, supplemented to broiler diets, either with or without β-mannanase supplementation, on the microbiota composition, in an attempt to describe the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in β-mannanase-induced gut health and performance improvements. One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 756) were randomly divided into 3 treatments: control diet, guar gum-supplemented diet (1.7%), or guar gum-supplemented diet + β-mannanase (Hemicell 330 g/ton). The zootechnical performance, gut morphometry, ileal and cecal microbiome, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were evaluated at different time points. The guar gum supplementation decreased the zootechnical performance, and the β-mannanase supplementation restored performance to control levels. The mannan-rich diet-induced dysbiosis, with marked effects on the cecal microbiota composition. The guar gum-supplemented diet increased the cecal abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Escherichia-Shigella, and decreased Intestinimonas, Alistipes, Butyricicoccus, and Faecalibacterium. In general, dietary β-mannanase supplementation restored the main microbial shifts induced by guar gum to levels of the control group. In addition, the β-mannanase supplementation reduced cecal isobutyric, isovaleric, valeric acid, and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations as compared to the guar gum-supplemented diet group, suggesting improved protein digestion and reduced cecal protein fermentation. In conclusion, a galactomannan-rich diet impairs zootechnical performance in broilers and results in a diet-induced dysbiosis. β-Mannanase supplementation restored the gut microbiota composition and zootechnical performance to control levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielen de Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology (LAP), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Ghent University Next Generation Sequencing Facility (NXTGNT), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista
- Laboratory of Avian Medicine (LAM), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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de Carvalho NM, Oliveira DL, Costa CM, Pintado ME, Madureira AR. Strategies to Assess the Impact of Sustainable Functional Food Ingredients on Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:2209. [PMID: 37297454 PMCID: PMC10253045 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is evident that food ingredients have different roles and distinct health benefits to the consumer. Over the past years, the interest in functional foods, especially those targeting gut health, has grown significantly. The use of industrial byproducts as a source of new functional and sustainable ingredients as a response to such demands has raised interest. However, the properties of these ingredients can be affected once incorporated into different food matrices. Therefore, when searching for the least costly and most suitable, beneficial, and sustainable formulations, it is necessary to understand how such ingredients perform when supplemented in different food matrices and how they impact the host's health. As proposed in this manuscript, the ingredients' properties can be first evaluated using in vitro gastrointestinal tract (GIT) simulation models prior to validation through human clinical trials. In vitro models are powerful tools that mimic the physicochemical and physiological conditions of the GIT, enabling prediction of the potentials of functional ingredients per se and when incorporated into a food matrix. Understanding how newly developed ingredients from undervalued agro-industrial sources behave as supplements supports the development of new and more sustainable functional foods while scientifically backing up health-benefits claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Mota de Carvalho
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (N.M.d.C.); (C.M.C.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Diana Luazi Oliveira
- Research and Innovation Unit—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Célia Maria Costa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (N.M.d.C.); (C.M.C.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Manuela Estevez Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (N.M.d.C.); (C.M.C.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (N.M.d.C.); (C.M.C.); (M.E.P.)
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Parker J, O'Brien C, Hawrelak J. A narrative review of the role of gastrointestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2022; 65:14-28. [PMID: 34958733 PMCID: PMC8784943 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.21185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced gastrointestinal dysbiosis has been hypothesized to play a significant role in stimulating an increase in gastrointestinal permeability and activating systemic inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We reviewed the current proof-of-concept studies on the proposed mechanism of dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of PCOS. A literature search was performed to identify articles on changes in the intestinal microbiome (dysbiosis) and increased intestinal mucosal permeability involving lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LPS-BP), and zonulin. We also searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that synthesized the results of studies on the therapeutic effects of prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics in women with PCOS. Our search was confined to human studies between 2012 and 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (14 microbiota, 1 LPS, 1 LPS-BP, 1 LPS and LPS-BP, 5 zonulin, 9 systematic reviews). Our analysis revealed that most studies reported reduced alpha diversity and dysbiosis in women with PCOS. Preliminary studies suggest that LPS, LPS-BP, and zonulin may be involved in the pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability. Treatment of PCOS with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics appears to have a range of beneficial effects on metabolic and biochemical profiles. This review highlights the need for continued research into the pathophysiological mechanisms of dysbiosis and the clinical efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Claire O'Brien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jason Hawrelak
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Gonzalez-Mercado VJ, Lim J, Saligan LN, Perez N, Rodriguez C, Bernabe R, Ozorio S, Pedro E, Sepehri F, Aouizerat B. Gut Microbiota and Depressive Symptoms at the End of CRT for Rectal Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2021; 2021:7967552. [PMID: 35003805 PMCID: PMC8731300 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7967552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alterations in gut microbiota composition (termed dysbiosis) has been implicated in the pathobiology of depressive symptoms; however, evidence remains limited. This cross-sectional pilot study is aimed at exploring whether depressive symptom scores changed during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy to treat rectal cancer, and if gut microbial taxa abundances and predicted functional pathways correlate with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. METHODS 40 newly diagnosed rectal cancer patients (ages 28-81; 23 males) were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and provided stool samples for 16S rRNA sequencing. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using QIIME2, and correlations and regression analyses were performed in R. RESULTS Participants had significantly higher depressive symptoms at the end as compared to before CRT. The relative abundances of Gemella, Bacillales Family XI, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostocaceae were positively correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.42 to 0.32), while Coprobacter, Intestinibacter, Intestimonas, Lachnospiraceae, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminococcaceae (UCG-005 and uncultured), Tyzzerella, and Parasutterella (Spearman's rho = -0.43 to - 0.31) were negatively correlated with HAM-D scores. Of the 14 predicted MetaCyc pathways that correlated with depressive symptom scores at the end of CRT, 11 (79%) were associated with biosynthetic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Significant bacterial taxa and predicted functional pathways correlated with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for rectal cancer which warrants further examination and replication of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Lim
- University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leorey N. Saligan
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Nursing Research/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Perez
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Raul Bernabe
- Department of General Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Samia Ozorio
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elsa Pedro
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Farrah Sepehri
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brad Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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González-Mercado VJ, Henderson WA, Sarkar A, Lim J, Saligan LN, Berk L, Dishaw L, McMillan S, Groer M, Sepehri F, Melkus GD. Changes in Gut Microbiome Associated With Co-Occurring Symptoms Development During Chemo-Radiation for Rectal Cancer: A Proof of Concept Study. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:31-41. [PMID: 32700552 PMCID: PMC7874367 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420942830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine a) whether there are significant differences in the severity of symptoms of fatigue, sleep disturbance, or depression between patients with rectal cancer who develop co-occurring symptoms and those with no symptoms before and at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT); b) differences in gut microbial diversity between those with co-occurring symptoms and those with no symptoms; and c) whether before-treatment diversity measurements and taxa abundances can predict co-occurrence of symptoms. METHODS Stool samples and symptom ratings were collected from 31 patients with rectal cancer prior to and at the end of (24-28 treatments) CRT. Descriptive statistics were computed and the Mann-Whitney U test was performed for symptoms. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using R's vegan package software. RESULTS Participants with co-occurring symptoms reported greater severity of fatigue at the end of CRT than those with no symptoms. Bacteroides and Blautia2 abundances differed between participants with co-occurring symptoms and those with no symptoms. Our random forest classification (unsupervised learning algorithm) predicted participants who developed co-occurring symptoms with 74% accuracy, using specific phylum, family, and genera abundances as predictors. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results point to an association between the gut microbiota and co-occurring symptoms in rectal cancer patients and serves as a first step in potential identification of a microbiota-based classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velda J González-Mercado
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
- College of Nursing, 7831University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Anujit Sarkar
- College of Nursing and College of Public Health, 7831University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jean Lim
- 96722Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmosphereic Science, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- Symptom Science Center, Symptom Biology Unit, Division of Intramural Research, NINR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Berk
- College of Medicine Radiology, 7831University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Larry Dishaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Children's Research Institute, 7831University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Susan McMillan
- College of Nursing, 7831University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, 7831University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Farrah Sepehri
- College of Nursing, 7831University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Zhu Y, Shui X, Liang Z, Huang Z, Qi Y, He Y, Chen C, Luo H, Lei W. Gut microbiota metabolites as integral mediators in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:936-948. [PMID: 32705240 PMCID: PMC7388831 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and diabetic heart disease, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and may also induce multiple organ failure in their later stages, greatly reducing the long-term survival of the patients. There are several causes of CVDs, but after nearly a decade of investigation, researchers have found that CVDs are usually accompanied by an imbalance of gut microbiota and a decreased abundance of flora. More importantly, the metabolites produced by intestinal flora, such as trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and aromatic amino acids, exert different effects on the occurrence and development of CVDs, as observed in the relevant pathways in the cells, which may either promote or protect against CVD occurrence. It is known that changes in the intestinal flora following antibiotic administration, diet supplementation with probiotics, or exercise, can interfere with the composition of the intestinal flora and may represent an effective approach to preventing or treating CVDs. The focus of this review was the analysis of gut microbiota metabolites to elucidate their effects on CVDs and to identify the most cost-effective and beneficial methods for treating CVDs with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zufeng Huang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qi
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Can Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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