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Wu M, Yang D, Tian Y. Enjoying the golden years: social participation and life satisfaction among Chinese older adults. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1377869. [PMID: 39145156 PMCID: PMC11322126 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Older adults commonly face the risk of social isolation, which poses a significant threat to their quality of life. This study explores the association between social participation and life satisfaction among older Chinese adults. Methods Data were sourced from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Regression analysis and mediation analysis were employed to examine the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction, with a focus on the roles of loneliness and self-rated health. Results The results indicate that social participation is significantly positively associated with older adults' life satisfaction. Furthermore, the positive association is more pronounced with increased diversity in social activities. Mediation analysis reveals that reductions in feelings of loneliness and improvements in health levels mediate the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction. Further analysis showed that social participation had a greater positive association among rural older adults and those lacking family companionship. Discussion This study provides evidence for enhancing life satisfaction among older adults and highlights the importance of diversity in social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihao Tian
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Social Development and Social Risk Control Research Center of Sichuan Philosophy and Social Sciences Key Research Base, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chang KC, Chen HS, Wu CS, Chang CK, Hwang JJ, Huang SH, Chen YM, Cheng BW, Weng MH, Hsu CC, Huang WL. Prospective Impacts of Social Participation Activities on Cognitive and Psychopathological Statuses in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38967355 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2374518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the impact of social activities on cognitive functioning and psychopathological symptoms. METHODS Participants aged 55 or older were enrolled through communities. Initial measures assessed demographic data, neuropsychological functioning, psychopathological state, and happiness. Social activities were evaluated using a modified 12-item tool, with 3-4 activities as the cutoff. Follow-up after 6-9 months included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) measurements. Predictive models for psychiatric and cognitive statuses were built using multiple linear regression, adjusting for baseline conditions. RESULTS Initially, 516 older individuals enrolled, with 403 undergoing follow-up. During follow-up, the low participation group reported lower MMSE scores, higher BAI scores, and increased PHQ-15 risk. Negative correlations between social activity numbers and PHQ-15 results were found. Engagement in social clubs correlated positively with higher MMSE scores, while regular interactions with one's adult child(ren) were linked to decreased BAI scores. CONCLUSIONS The quantity of social activities was associated with lower somatic distress. Social club engagement positively influenced cognition, and regular interactions with one's adult child(ren) mitigated anxiety among older individuals. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Enough types of social activities, participating in social clubs, and adequate interactions with children protected against psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chieh Chang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shui Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Nutrition, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch
| | - Bor-Wen Cheng
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiu Weng
- Graduate School of Applied Chinese Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology,Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chang KC, Chen HS, Wu CS, Chang CK, Hwang JJ, Huang SH, Chen YM, Cheng BW, Weng MH, Hsu CC, Huang WL. Evaluation of the optimal cutoff number of types of social participation activities in older people. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(23)00036-0. [PMID: 36788044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social participation activities have a close association with health aging. However, the clinical significance of numbers of social participation activities and its cutoff value has not been defined. METHODS We recruited 516 people aged ≥55 years. Twelve social participation behaviors modified according to Taiwanese culture were investigated, and the adequacy of cutoff number was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) according to the results of cluster analysis of individual activities and scores of the Brief Symptom Rating Scale-5 (BSRS-5) and the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI). Demographic, BSRS-5 and CHI data were then compared according to the candidate cutoff numbers. RESULTS The distribution of the numbers of social activities suggested that the highest partition of numbers of social activities was 3 in women and 4 in men. The AUC regarding the cluster of activity types was 0.917, with the highest Youden's J value located between 3 and 4. The AUC regarding the cluster of activity types and scores of the BSRS-5 and the CHI was 0.929, with similar cutoffs. If 3 and 4 were used as cutoffs, the between-group differences of both the CHI and the BSRS-5 were significant. More types of social activities had a different engaging frequency with the 3 and 4 cutoffs. CONCLUSION Our findings found an adequate cutoff with better differential power in the psychopathology and happiness of older people that provided a basis for application in intervention and policy formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chieh Chang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shui Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan; National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Wen Cheng
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiu Weng
- Graduate School of Applied Chinese Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Liu H, Wang M. Socioeconomic status and ADL disability of the older adults: Cumulative health effects, social outcomes and impact mechanisms. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262808. [PMID: 35143499 PMCID: PMC8830695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the important indicators affecting individual's social participation and resource allocation, and it also plays an important role in the health shock of individuals. Faced by the trend of aging society, more and more nations across the world began to pay attention to prevent the risk of health shock of old adults. METHODS Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013, 2015 and 2018, this study uses path analysis and ologit model to empirically estimate the effects of SES and health shock on the activities of daily living (ADL) disability of old adults. RESULTS As a result, first, it was found that SES has significant impact on the disability of old adults. Specifically, economic conditions (income) plays dominant role. Economic status affects the risk of individual disability mainly through life security and health behavior. Secondly, SES significantly affecting health shock, with education and economic status showing remarkable impact, and there is an apparent group inequality. Furthermore, taking high education group as reference, the probability of good sight or hearing ability of the low education group was only 49.76% and 63.29% of the high education group, respectively, while the rates of no pain and severe illness were 155.50% and 54.69% of the high education group. At last, the estimation of path effect of SES on ADL disability indicates evident group inequality, with health shock plays critical mediating role. CONCLUSIONS SES is an important factor influencing residents' health shock, and health shocks like cerebral thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage will indirectly lead to the risk of individual ADL disability. Furthermore, among the multi-dimensional indicators of SES, individual income and education are predominant factors affecting health shock and ADL disability, while occupation of pre-retirement have little impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Dreher M, Hoffmann SW, Brendel C, Heser D, Simon P. Convenience Behavior and Being Overweight in Adults: Development and Validation of the Convenience Behavior Questionnaire. Front Public Health 2019; 7:20. [PMID: 30949463 PMCID: PMC6436074 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of overweight and obesity is a mixture of genetic determinants, environmental factors, and health behaviors. Especially intra- and interpersonal inactive behaviors, here termed convenience, seems to play an important role. The objective was to develop and validate the Convenience Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) to assess convenience-related items and their association with overweight and obesity in a large population. A sample of 1233 subjects aged 18–82 years from six population groups took part in a self-administered questionnaire. Test-retest reliability was estimated and the independent association between convenience-related items and overweight and obesity was investigated. Principal component analysis revealed three factors (avoidance behaviors, social interaction behaviors and domestic environmental factors) which explained 43.4% of the variance contributing to the CBQ. Cronbach's α ranged from 0.80–0.89. Test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation was acceptable ≥ 0.70. Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis, including gender, education level, age and TV viewing on weekends showed a positive relation of convenience behavior and overweight (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.01–1.96; P = 0.048), while physical activity status was not significantly associated with overweight (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.77–1.54; P = 0.629). The CBQ seems to be a reliable tool which considers non-traditional behaviors related to overweight development. Interestingly our findings revealed a better relationship between convenience-related behavior with overweight and obesity than the habitual physical activity score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dreher
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sascha W Hoffmann
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine/Sports Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Conny Brendel
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Heser
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Class and Health Inequality in Later Life: Patterns, Mechanisms and Implications for Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121533. [PMID: 29292775 PMCID: PMC5750951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The growth of the post-retirement population, which has occurred as a result of rapid growth in life expectancy coupled with the ageing of the baby boomer cohort, has led to significant concern. This concern, however, typically neglects the heterogeneity of later life experiences and how these are patterned by inequalities that reflect how process of social stratification continue to operate into later life. This paper draws on a programme of work, based on analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, to empirically examine questions of inequality in later life. It begins by illustrating the patterning of health inequality. It then investigates the importance of later life contexts and events in shaping inequality through and after the retirement process. In doing so it examines the extent to which later life continues to reflect stable social structures that shape inequalities and, consequently, health and wellbeing in later life. The paper then illustrates how the effects of socioeconomic position on health in later life can be theorised as a product of class processes, borrowing in part from Bourdieu. Other dimensions of inequality, such as gender, ethnicity, area and sexuality, are not discussed here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the need for a close focus on inequalities in later life in research, policy and practice.
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Floud S, Balkwill A, Canoy D, Reeves GK, Green J, Beral V, Cairns BJ. Social participation and coronary heart disease risk in a large prospective study of UK women. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23:995-1002. [PMID: 26416995 PMCID: PMC4871172 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315607056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in social activities is thought to prevent heart disease, but evidence is inconclusive. DESIGN We assessed whether participating in social activities reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a large prospective study of 735,159 middle-aged UK women. METHODS Women reported their participation in eight social activities (religious group, voluntary work, adult education, art/craft/music, dancing, sports club, yoga, bingo) and were followed for first CHD event (hospital admission or death) over the next 8.6 years. Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks for CHD incidence by participation in each and in any of the social activities. RESULTS After adjustment for age and region only, every activity except bingo was associated with a reduced risk of CHD (n = 30,756 cases in total). However, after additional adjustment for 11 factors (deprivation, education, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol, marital status, self-rated health, happiness, hypertension, diabetes), every relative risk estimate moved close to 1.0. For example, for participation in any of the activities compared with none, the relative risk adjusted for age and region only was 0.83 (99% confidence interval 0.81-0.86), but changed to 1.06 (99% confidence interval 1.02-1.09) after additional adjustment. Adjustment for education, self-rated health, smoking and physical activity attenuated the associations most strongly. Residual confounding and other unmeasured factors may well account for any small remaining associations. CONCLUSIONS Associations between participation in various social activities and CHD risk appear to be largely or wholly due to confounding by personal characteristics of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Floud
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Balkwill
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Dexter Canoy
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Green
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie Beral
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
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Powell K, Wilcox J, Clonan A, Bissell P, Preston L, Peacock M, Holdsworth M. The role of social networks in the development of overweight and obesity among adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:996. [PMID: 26423051 PMCID: PMC4589958 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is increasingly acknowledged that social networks are important to our understanding ofoverweight and obesity, there is limited understanding about the processes by which such networks shapetheir progression. This paper reports the findings of a scoping review of the literature that sought to identify the key processes through which social networks are understood to influence the development of overweight and obesity. METHODS A scoping review was conducted. Forty five papers were included in the final review, the findings of which were synthesised to provide an overview of the main processes through which networks have been understood to influence the development of overweight and obesity. RESULTS Included papers addressed a wide range of research questions framed around six types of networks: a paired network (one's spouse or intimate partner); friends and family (including work colleagues and people within social clubs); ephemeral networks in shared public spaces (such as fellow shoppers in a supermarket or diners in a restaurant); people living within the same geographical region; peers (including co-workers, fellow students, fellow participants in a weight loss programme); and cultural groups (often related toethnicity). As individuals are embedded in many of these different types of social networks at any one time, the pathways of influence from social networks to the development of patterns of overweight and obesity are likely to be complex and interrelated. Included papers addressed a diverse set of issues: body weight trends over time; body size norms or preferences; weight loss and management; physical activity patterns; and dietary patterns. DISCUSSION Three inter-related processes were identified: social contagion (whereby the network in which people are embedded influences their weight or weight influencing behaviours), social capital (whereby sense of belonging and social support influence weight or weight influencing behaviours), and social selection (whereby a person's network might develop according to his or her weight). CONCLUSIONS The findings have important implications for understanding about methods to target the spread of obesity, indicating that much greater attention needs to be paid to the social context in which people make decisions about their weight and weight influencing behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Powell
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - John Wilcox
- Public Health, Nottingham City Council, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Angie Clonan
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Paul Bissell
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Louise Preston
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Marian Peacock
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
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Burr JA, Han SH, Tavares JL. Volunteering and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Does Helping Others Get “Under the Skin?”. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2015; 56:937-47. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThe benefits of engagement with social activities on health and wellbeing are widely reported by gerontologists. Less is known, however, about what drives withdrawal from and re-engagement with social activities in later life. This is an important area of research which has direct implications for public policies that aim to ensure equitable outcomes among older adults. Much of the existing literature supports continuity theory which assumes people will not alter their level of social engagement as they age or after life-changing events. This paper uses data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing over an eight-year period (2002–2010) to determine the effect of short-term changes in marital, employment and health status over an initial four-year period on the dynamics of social detachment over the following four years. We control for underlying socio-economic disadvantages built up during the lifecourse and find that these effects, including poor education, wealth and health, are the most important determinants of persistent detachment from social activities as well as movement into and out of social detachment. The effects are consistent in men and women. The effects of short-term changes in marital and employment status have little effect on social detachment. Recent deterioration in health, however, predicted movement into social detachment, which implies the relationship between health and social detachment is reciprocal.
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