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Abstract
The prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved due to better treatment and care, but cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains an important clinical problem, since the risk of CVD in SLE is much higher than among controls. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of CVD in the general population, and in SLE, increased atherosclerosis, especially the prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques, has been demonstrated. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition, where immunity plays an important role. Interestingly, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, defective clearance of dead cells, and inflammation, with a pro-inflammatory T-cell profile are characteristics of both atherosclerosis and SLE. In addition to atherosclerosis as an underlying cause of CVD in SLE, there are also other non-mutually exclusive mechanisms, and the most important of these are antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) leading to the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with both arterial and venous thrombosis. aPL can cause direct pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic effects on endothelial and other cells and also interfere with the coagulation, for example, by inhibiting annexin A5 from its antithrombotic and protective effects. Antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) and other small lipid-related epitopes, sometimes called natural antibodies, are negatively associated with CVD and atherosclerosis in SLE. Taken together, a combination of traditional risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, and nontraditional ones, especially aPL, inflammation, and low anti-PC are implicated in the increased risk of CVD in SLE. Close monitoring of both traditional risk factors and nontraditional ones, including treatment of disease manifestations, not lest renal disease in SLE, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Frostegård
- Section of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shome M, Chung Y, Chavan R, Park JG, Qiu J, LaBaer J. Serum autoantibodyome reveals that healthy individuals share common autoantibodies. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110873. [PMID: 35649350 PMCID: PMC9221390 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are a hallmark of both autoimmune disease and cancer, but
they also occur in healthy individuals. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of nine
datasets and focus on the common autoantibodies shared by healthy individuals.
We report 77 common autoantibodies based on the protein microarray data obtained
from probing 182 healthy individual sera on 7,653 human proteins and an
additional 90 healthy individual sera on 1,666 human proteins. There is no
gender bias; however, the number of autoantibodies increase with age, plateauing
around adolescence. We use a bioinformatics pipeline to determine possible
molecular-mimicry peptides that can contribute to the elicitation of these
common autoantibodies. There is enrichment of intrinsic properties of proteins
like hydrophilicity, basicity, aromaticity, and flexibility for common
autoantigens. Subcellular localization and tissue-expression analysis reveal
that several common autoantigens are sequestered from the circulating
autoantibodies. Shome et al. performed a meta-analysis to discover the common
autoantibodies found in healthy individuals. These common autoantibodies appear
and increase during youth and plateau at adolescence. Bioinformatics techniques
demonstrate the potential role of molecular mimicry in their production as well
as several common intrinsic biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasish Shome
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yunro Chung
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ramani Chavan
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jin G Park
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Auler N, Tonner H, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121296. [PMID: 34943212 PMCID: PMC8698915 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to lower intraocular pressure. The onset of the disease is often delayed because patients do not notice visual impairment until very late, which is why glaucoma is also known as “the silent thief of sight”. Therefore, early detection and definition of specific markers, the so-called biomarkers, are immensely important. For the methodical implementation, high-throughput methods and omic-based methods came more and more into focus. Thus, interesting targets for possible biomarkers were already suggested by clinical research and basic research, respectively. This review article aims to join the findings of the two disciplines by collecting overlaps as well as differences in various clinical studies and to shed light on promising candidates concerning findings from basic research, facilitating conclusions on possible therapy options. Abstract Glaucoma represents a group of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, constituting the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. To date, chronically elevated intraocular pressure has been identified as the main risk factor and the only treatable symptom. However, there is increasing evidence in the recent literature that IOP-independent molecular mechanisms also play an important role in the progression of the disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glaucoma has an autoimmune component. The main focus nowadays is elucidating glaucoma pathogenesis, finding early diagnostic options and new therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the impact of different antibodies and proteins associated with glaucoma that can be detected for example by microarray and mass spectrometric analyzes, which (i) provide information about expression profiles and associated molecular signaling pathways, (ii) can possibly be used as a diagnostic tool in future and, (iii) can identify possible targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Autoantibody profiles associated with clinical features in psychotic disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:474. [PMID: 34518517 PMCID: PMC8438048 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune processes are suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. Better understanding of the associations between auto-immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoires and clinical features of mental illness could yield novel models of the pathophysiology of psychosis, and markers for biological patient stratification. We undertook cross-sectional detection and quantification of auto-IgGs in peripheral blood plasma of 461 people (39% females) with established psychotic disorder diagnoses. Broad screening of 24 individuals was carried out on group level in eight clinically defined groups using planar protein microarrays containing 42,100 human antigens representing 18,914 proteins. Autoantibodies indicated by broad screening and in the previous literature were measured using a 380-plex bead-based array for autoantibody profiling of all 461 individuals. Associations between autoantibody profiles and dichotomized clinical characteristics were assessed using a stepwise selection procedure. Broad screening and follow-up targeted analyses revealed highly individual autoantibody profiles. Females, and people with family histories of obesity or of psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia had the highest overall autoantibody counts. People who had experienced subjective thought disorder and/or were treated with clozapine (trend) had the lowest overall counts. Furthermore, six autoantibodies were associated with specific psychopathology symptoms: anti-AP3B2 (persecutory delusions), anti-TDO2 (hallucinations), anti-CRYGN (initial insomnia); anti-APMAP (poor appetite), anti-OLFM1 (above-median cognitive function), and anti-WHAMMP3 (anhedonia and dysphoria). Future studies should clarify whether there are causal biological relationships, and whether autoantibodies could be used as clinical markers to inform diagnostic patient stratification and choice of treatment.
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Ajeganova S, Gustafsson T, Lindberg L, Hafström I, Frostegård J. Similar progression of carotid intima-media thickness in 7-year surveillance of patients with mild SLE and controls, but this progression is still promoted by dyslipidaemia, lower HDL levels, hypertension, history of lupus nephritis and a higher prednisolone usage in patients. Lupus Sci Med 2020; 7:e000362. [PMID: 32095248 PMCID: PMC7008707 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2019-000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and factors promoting it in patients with SLE and controls. Methods Consecutive patients with SLE and age-matched, sex-matched population controls from the SLEVIC cohort were assessed at inclusion and after 7 years with standardised data collection and carotid ultrasound. Effect of risk factors on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression was examined with adjusted linear mixed models. Results A total of 77 patients and 74 controls, 68% and 61% of the original cohort, completed follow-up. The patients were (mean) 47 years old, 90% were women, and controls were 51 years old, 92% women. Patients had disease duration of (mean) 11 years, mild disease activity and low severity at both assessments. Baseline cIMT did not differ between the groups. An average absolute cIMT progression was 0.009 mm/year in patients and 0.011 mm/year in controls, intergroup difference p=0.9.Of factors at inclusion, dyslipidaemia, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and carotid plaque in patients and controls, and higher systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol:HDL and LDL:HDL ratios and triglycerides in patients were associated with cIMT progression. Of factors at follow-up, hypertension and blood lipids in patients and HDL in controls were significantly associated with cIMT progression. History of lupus nephritis and a higher average dose of prednisolone used since diagnosis were associated with cIMT progression in patients. Associations of risk factors with cIMT progression were stronger in presence of plaques. Conclusion We observed a statistically comparable progression of cIMT in patients with mild SLE and controls over 7 years, which implies that progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in some patients with SLE could follow that of the general population. Traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, history of lupus nephritis and higher use of corticosteroids promote cIMT progression in SLE. Detection of carotid plaque may add to CV risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ajeganova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Division, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Lindberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- Section of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lo KC, Sullivan E, Bannen RM, Jin H, Rowe M, Li H, Pinapati RS, Cartwright AJ, Tan JC, Patel J, Keystone EC, Siminovitch KA. Comprehensive Profiling of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Antibody Repertoire. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 72:242-250. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken C. Lo
- Roche Sequencing Solutions Madison Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Huiyan Jin
- Roche Sequencing Solutions Madison Wisconsin
| | - Mark Rowe
- Roche Sequencing Solutions Madison Wisconsin
| | - Hanying Li
- Roche Sequencing Solutions Madison Wisconsin
| | | | | | - John C. Tan
- Roche Sequencing Solutions Madison Wisconsin
| | - Jigar Patel
- Roche Sequencing Solutions Madison Wisconsin
| | | | - Katherine A. Siminovitch
- University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Toronto General Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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Koulouri V, Koutsilieris M, Mavragani CP. B cells and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:417-429. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1571411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koulouri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P. Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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