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Majewski D, Ball S, Bailey P, Bray J, Finn J. Long-term survival among OHCA patients who survive to 30 days: Does initial arrest rhythm remain a prognostic determinant? Resuscitation 2021; 162:128-134. [PMID: 33640430 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether initial cardiac arrest rhythm remains a prognostic determinant in longer term OHCA survival. METHODS The St John Western Australian OHCA database was used to identify adults who survived for at least 30 days after an OHCA of presumed medical aetiology, in the Perth metropolitan area between 1998 and 2017. Associations between 8-year OHCA survival and variables of interest were analysed using a Multi-Resolution Hazard (MRH) estimator model with 1-year intervals. RESULTS Of the 871 OHCA patients who survived 30 days, 718 (82%) presented with a shockable initial arrest rhythm and 153 (18%) presented with a non-shockable rhythm. Compared to patients with initial shockable arrests, patients with non-shockable arrests experienced increased mortality in the first (HR 3.33, 95% CI 2.12-5.32), second (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.22-5.15), third (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.02-4.42) and fourth (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.02-4.42) year post arrest; however, in subsequent years the initial arrest rhythm ceased to be significantly associated with survival. The overall 8-year survival estimates after adjustment for peri-arrest factors (as potential confounders) were 87% (95% CI 77-93%) for shockable arrests and 73% (95% CI 55-86%) for non-shockable arrests. CONCLUSIONS Patients with non-shockable (as opposed to shockable) initial arrest rhythms experienced higher mortality in the first 4-years following their OHCA; however, after four years the initial arrest rhythm ceased to be associated with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Majewski
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Stephen Ball
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; St John WA, Belmont, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Bailey
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; St John WA, Belmont, WA, Australia
| | - Janet Bray
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judith Finn
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Medical School (Emergency Medicine), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; St John WA, Belmont, WA, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Petretta M, Acampa W, Assante R, Zampella E, Nappi C, Petretta A, Cuocolo A. My warranty has expired: I need to be retested. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:998-1006. [PMID: 29327253 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept of warranty period, the duration of time during which the patient's risk remains low, is appealing. However, some points remain to be resolved before its translation in the clinical arena. Methodological issues should be standardized in order to compare the results of studies in different patient populations. Also, the definition of a "normal" study should always take into consideration the history of prior revascularization, the achieved level of exercise, and the stressor used. The promise of warranty can be questioned by the patient's baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and may also be influenced by life-style modification in the course of the follow-up. The "warranty period" concept should shift from data reflecting the time to a cardiac event to the development of ischemia, given an opportunity for intervention before a cardiac event occurs. In this context, clarify the role of serial imaging can be extremely useful, in particular to evaluate if and when retesting a patient after a normal scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Petretta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Acampa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Assante
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Zampella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Nappi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretta
- Department of Arrhythmology, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Stroustrup N. Measuring and modeling interventions in aging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 55:129-138. [PMID: 30099284 PMCID: PMC6284105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many dietary, pharmaceutical, and genetic interventions have been found to increase the lifespan of laboratory animals. Several are now being explored for clinical application. To understand the physiologic action and therapeutic potential of interventions in aging, researchers must build quantitative models. Do interventions delay the onset of aging? Slow it down? Merely ameliorate some of its symptoms? If interventions slow some aging mechanisms but accelerate others, can we detect or predict the systemic consequences? Statistical and analytic models provide a crucial framework in which to answer these questions and clarify the systems-level effect of molecular interventions in aging. This review provides a brief survey of approaches to modeling lifespan data and places them in the context of recent experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stroustrup
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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